953:
866:
878:
893:
965:
854:
941:
561:
905:
929:
758:
917:
2242:
43:
1611:"Français : Statue reprĂ©sentant Bellone, au sommet du monument des Braves, Ă l'entrĂ©e du parc des Braves, Ă QuĂ©bec (QuĂ©bec, Canada). La statue a Ă©tĂ© offerte par le prince JĂ©rĂŽme-NapolĂ©on en 1862. Elle est haute d'environ trois mĂštres et forme le sommet du monument haut de 22 mĂštres. Elle a Ă©tĂ© installĂ©e, et le monument inaugurĂ©, le 19 octobre 1863. Elle est peut-ĂȘtre inspirĂ©e d'un croquis d'EugĂšne-Ătienne TachĂ© [1]"
628:
738:. He represents her there as a wielder of political power at a time when it, in fact, had waned. She is standing with armour, cannons, and muskets at her feet, and her triumphs are underlined by emblems of victory. She carries a small statue of the winged goddess in her right hand, a smaller winged figure is mounted below the plumes of her helmet, while
819:, a former student of Rodin. This he presented to the Australian government in Canberra as a memorial in 1916. As in Rodin's bust, the helmeted head is turned to the right, but the breasts are more in evidence. The fallen generally make their appearance later in such structures where Bellona is present. They accompany the sword-wielding goddess in
365:. In addition, they were also willing to incur the cost upon themselves. Because she was widely believed to be a volatile goddess, she was rarely worshipped openly and most of her worshippers preferred to quietly assuage her. Despite their subtlety, evidence of her worship can be found throughout
799:
and eventually housed plaques honouring the regiments that served in it. These, however, related primarily to remembrance of victory rather than of the fallen. It was not until a century afterward that the French-Canadian victims of the Seven Years War were commemorated by a monument at
623:
takes the representation of the horror of war even further in his glazed bust of the goddess (1892). Not only is she wearing a head about her neck, but the fierce demeanour of the screaming face, surmounted by an angular winged helmet, makes her resemble a gorgon herself.
702:â allegorical painting of "Wisdom restraining Bellona" (1685) is also poetic. There the seated figure of Wisdom clasps the right hand of the helmeted goddess, who is turning to leave, her cloak fluttering behind her and her shield held high in her outstretched left hand.
446:
the goddess appears as a character, representing the destructive and belligerent aspect of war. There she is described as carrying a spear and a flaming torch or riding in a chariot and waving a blood-stained sword. Classical allusions to
Bellona later appear in
710:
As well as having a decorative function, representations of the goddess had a public function too. Batholomaeus
Spranger's "Bellona Leading the Imperial Armies against the Turks" (see above) played its part in Austria's anti-Turkish propaganda during the
650:
suggests that it is this goddess who inspires the invention of war materiels, showing her seated in a factory workshop with all manner of arms at her feet (plate 6, see the
Gallery below). In the fresco by Constantino Brumidi in the
784:. Originally commissioned in 1915, it depicted the helmeted goddess carrying a sword in her left hand and inspiring a kneeling young man. The statue was not erected until 1922, by which time it functioned as a war memorial.
350:) in a modification of the archaic practice, from Roman territory toward the direction of the enemy land and this symbolical attack was considered the opening of war. The first enemy declared in this fashion was
614:
head on her shield to instil terror in her enemies, as does the
Rembrandt painting, although this was added later, probably as a response to other examples of this new iconographical departure. In the bust by
300:
Her festival was celebrated on 3 June, and her priests were known as
Bellonarii and used to wound their own arms or legs as a blood sacrifice to her. These rites took place on 24 March, called the day of blood
1323:
Prometeo assoluto serenata cantata in Vienna per comando degli augustissimi regnanti in occasione del felicissimo parto di s.a. reale l'arciduchessa
Isabella [Giannambrogio Migliavacca]
723:'s celebratory doorway in Brussels in what now is known as the Maison de Bellone, at the centre of which presides the helmeted bust of the goddess surrounded by military standards and cannons.
877:
746:. Her portrayal contrasts with Rembrandt's depiction of Bellona with the homely features of an ordinary Dutchwoman. This makes an anti-imperial statement, with the assurance that the new
486:. Meeting Bellona as they approach the fighting, one by one the pleasurable companions are forced to flee before the violence of war, until the goddess rejoices in having him to herself.
1703:
842:
is particularly memorable, however. Beneath the demonic sword-brandishing wraith with her gorgon necklace, cower and mourn, not the dead, but the overlooked living victims of war.
865:
674:(1775/85) are largely naked, although otherwise wearing or carrying some of the other attributes of the goddess. There are Classical references that sanction this, however. In
682:, for example, appears the description "Bellona with bare flank, her brazen weapons clanging as she moved" (3. 60). A further poetic reference taken up by a painter occurs in
607:, since both were associated with the Roman ceremonies of declaring war. In the case of Janus, the doors to his temple were left open during the whole period of hostilities.
297:. This temple was the first location to have decorative shields dedicated to mortals hung in a holy place. Appius Claudius hung the shields and dedicated them to his family.
172:
being the official decision making centre in regards to war and for her bloodlust and madness in battle. Her iconography was extended by painters and sculptors following the
952:
423:, the personification of valour. She then travelled outside Rome with the imperial legions and her temples have been recorded in France, Germany, Britain, and North Africa.
642:
Another common innovation was
Bellonaâs association with cannons, as in the drawing by Hans Krieg (1590â1645) and the 1700 ceiling fresco at Hammerschloss SchmidmĂŒhlen by
1721:
1454:
400:
would accompany her and terrify her enemies. The belief in her bloodlust and madness in battle is widely accepted and is one of the more prevalent beliefs. According to
892:
776:
while in a bad mood, the head is drawn back in proud anger, turning in dynamic movement to look along the line of her right shoulder. Defence in war is the message of
787:
The use of
Bellona in such structures was well established before this, dating back to her prominent use in Jean Cosyn's doorway. The Temple of Bellona, designed by
344:), which represented non-Roman territory. To declare war on a distant state, a javelin was thrown over the column by one of the priests concerned with diplomacy (
1632:
1528:
964:
2642:
1269:
381:(a shrine of Bellona's) and the other two inscriptions are damaged. The worship of her was not limited to Rome, however. Bellona had a temple as far north as
804:. Atop a tall column on the site of the battlefield, Bellona looks down, carrying a shield and laurel crown in her right hand. The statue was presented by
511:
940:
332:. Ambassadors from foreign states, who were not allowed to enter the city proper, stayed in this complex. Since the area of the temple was outside the
536:, some arguing for clemency, while Bellona and others demand rigour. She also plays her proper part in the 'heroic cantata' created by the composer
2647:
904:
584:, holding a laurel crown in her hand, a statue of whom she sometimes carries; when she appears on war memorials she may hold that attribute.
1597:
1348:
1296:
853:
1560:
1396:
2391:
1803:
916:
470:
evocation of the "false goddess" who leads men astray in his poem "Bellona", published in
Australia in 1867. She also figures in
971:
1681:
1458:
928:
1707:
1174:
1055:
529:
1360:
1138:
160:
worn on her head; she often holds a sword, spear, or shield, and brandishes a torch or whip as she rides into battle in a
478:
poem "The
Traveller". There the poet describes himself as marching toward the front line in the company of Art, the god
392:
The worship of Bellona and beliefs about her were often gory or frightening. It was believed that when she went to war,
2659:
1643:
1760:
683:
549:
1308:
1475:
1226:
1117:
2453:
1572:
839:
576:
with a skirt beneath. In her hand she carries a spear, shield, or other weapons, and occasionally, she sounds a
1722:"WW1 100: London's Memorials... The London & South Western Railway Victory Arch (Waterloo Station, Part 5)"
1359:
Ernst van de Wetering, A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings VI: Rembrandt's Paintings Revisited, Dordrecht NL 2014,
832:
525:
1796:
805:
788:
537:
253:) could be understood as a euphemism, ultimately yielding a meaning 'action of valour, war' for the noun
2690:
2324:
2298:
1507:
592:
467:
1776:
2458:
2293:
305:), after the ceremony. In consequence of this practice, which approximated to the rites dedicated to
223:
2695:
2573:
2552:
2542:
1949:
1812:
824:
518:
282:
20:
620:
2557:
1789:
377:
harkens back to the time of the war with Pyrrhus. Five of the inscriptions are found around the
2700:
2385:
1544:
1495:
686:'s "Bellona Presenting the Reins of his Horses to Mars" (1766). This illustrates a speech from
675:
565:
290:
1660:
1007:
619:
she wears a gorgon mounted on her helmet, while in other depictions it is on the breastplate.
2604:
2501:
2157:
2076:
1824:
769:
727:
635:
596:
452:
408:
people believed in the violent worship of Bellona. They were brutal and they worshipped both
373:
that are affiliated with the worship of Bellona have been found. An early inscription in the
1704:"File:Pomnik ku czci polegĆym w wojnie Polsko - sowieckiej w 1920 r.jpg - Wikimedia Commons"
2599:
2483:
2437:
2227:
2071:
1844:
1280:
751:
667:
600:
572:
Bellona is commonly portrayed wearing a plumed helmet and dressed in armour, or at least a
437:
401:
215:
1027:
548:). This was performed in London to mark the British naval victory over the Spanish at the
8:
2637:
2443:
2329:
2303:
2162:
2011:
2001:
1964:
796:
663:
581:
463:
329:
77:
1375:
336:, the Senate met there with ambassadors and received victorious generals prior to their
2516:
2142:
2106:
2066:
2041:
1944:
1924:
1864:
1781:
1029:
The business of butchery: Bellona and war, society and religion from republic to empire
812:
500:
471:
436:
Often in poetry, the name Bellona is used simply as a synonym for war, although in the
234:
95:
1610:
795:
in 1760, was projected as a celebration of the Anglo-Hanoverian war effort during the
768:'s sculpture of a head of Bellona (1879) originally was created for a monument to the
521:, Princess Elector of Saxony and Queen of Poland, on her birthday on 8 December 1733.
2654:
2614:
2268:
2222:
2096:
2086:
2036:
1909:
1889:
1884:
1756:
1170:
1051:
816:
735:
731:
652:
616:
560:
506:
374:
351:
1689:
2547:
2278:
2197:
2137:
1996:
1974:
1959:
712:
541:
409:
286:
274:
117:
107:
91:
81:
1321:
504:(1735), in which the call of love ultimately triumphs over that of war. In a Bach
459:
is referred to as "Bellona's bridegroom", that is to say, the equivalent of Mars.
2669:
2664:
2583:
2578:
2431:
2399:
2283:
1816:
1750:
1746:
1479:
1230:
1142:
1133:
1121:
716:
413:
242:
204:
2521:
2410:
2273:
1991:
820:
747:
699:
671:
420:
325:
148:
694:
where Mars requests "Let Bellona bring my helmet and Terror guide the reins" (
587:
Examples of such an armoured figure appear in the 1633 painting attributed to
357:
There were many people willing to assist in the upkeep and improvement of her
2684:
2448:
2372:
2288:
2217:
2187:
2167:
2016:
1939:
1929:
1830:
765:
757:
643:
455:
describes the goddess as "the fire-eyed maid of smoky war", for example, and
337:
2511:
2506:
2468:
2365:
1914:
1854:
743:
483:
370:
318:
294:
165:
153:
1919:
715:. A later phase of the continuing conflict, culminating in victory at the
517:, the goddess even puts aside her usual ferocity in order to congratulate
2263:
975:
792:
777:
773:
573:
564:"Bellona Leading the Imperial Armies against the Turks", a 1600 print of
475:
448:
173:
2241:
1472:
1409:
1223:
1114:
655:(1855â60), her image is updated. There she is shown standing next to an
42:
2473:
2380:
2147:
2132:
2122:
2051:
2031:
720:
533:
314:
310:
226:
48:
1307:
BWV 214, Leipzig 1733; translations of the aria and recitative are on
646:(1649â1711). An early Dutch engraving in a series of prints depicting
2619:
2207:
2101:
828:
781:
761:
Auguste Rodin's 1879 bronze bust of Bellona in the Musée Rodin, Paris
656:
588:
479:
405:
393:
193:
103:
1573:"Georg Kolbes Brunnen und Skulptur "Bellona" - Denkmal-Wuppertal.de"
2526:
2463:
2404:
2308:
2127:
2081:
2056:
1986:
1894:
1879:
1874:
1849:
687:
528:(1718â1795), however. In this cantata celebrating the birth of the
333:
161:
99:
1433:"Deutsch: Bellona von Hans Georg Asam, Hammerschloss SchmidmĂŒhlen"
898:
Alvise Tagliapietra's unclothed goddess, c. 1710, Saint Petersburg
750:
is ready to defend itself, particularly against Spain, during the
2182:
2172:
2091:
2061:
2046:
2006:
1904:
1594:
The Princess's Garden: Royal Intrigue and the Untold Story of Kew
1432:
627:
577:
456:
443:
386:
362:
358:
266:
910:
Janus and Bellona by Johann Wilhelm Beyer, 1773â1780, Schönbrunn
2609:
2351:
2345:
2258:
2192:
2177:
2152:
1934:
1859:
1777:
The Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (images of Bellona)
1752:
Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages
801:
662:
Not all representations of Bellona wear armour. The statues by
611:
495:
397:
346:
306:
157:
61:
835:, she stands behind a soldier and holds aloft a laurel crown.
580:
for the attack. Anciently, she was associated with the winged
2478:
2202:
2026:
1981:
1969:
1954:
1899:
1682:"bellona â Public Art and Architecture from Around the World"
739:
604:
270:
946:"Bellona inspires the invention of arms", Philip Galle, 1574
871:"Marie de Medici as Bellona" by Peter Paul Rubens, 1621â1625
2359:
2212:
1345:
Lorenzo Da Ponte: The Life and Times of Mozart's Librettist
958:
Constantino Brumidi's fresco in the U.S. Capitol, 1855â1860
772:
and shows even more belligerence. Modelled on his mistress
451:'s plays in the appropriate context of warrior characters:
382:
366:
278:
169:
132:
2021:
1048:
Routledge Encyclopedia of Ancient Mediterranean Religions
524:
She retains her harsh aspect in "Prometheus Absolved" by
419:
In the military cult of Bellona, she was associated with
1811:
1069:
1067:
922:
Bertram Mackennal 1916 Gallipoli war memorial, Canberra
838:
The Bellona on the First World War victory archway at
696:
Fer galleam Bellona mihi, nexusque rotarum tende Pavor
1376:"Rembrandt (Rembrandt van Rijn) - Bellona - The Met"
1064:
823:'s monument to the California Volunteers during the
648:
Personifications of Industrial and Professional Life
544:, entitled "The Wedding of the Thames and Bellona" (
51:, a 1697 victory celebration over a Brussels doorway
35:
Goddess of War, Destruction, Conquest, and Bloodlust
659:piece and has the stars and stripes on her shield.
603:(1773â80). In the latter, she appears with the god
313:, both Enyo and Bellona became identified with her
156:goddess of war. Her main attribute is the military
884:Bellona Presenting the Reins of his Horses to Mars
416:and drink blood from the skulls of their victims.
389:, where the church of St. Peter currently stands.
328:area, in which Bellonaâs temple was situated, had
1320:Migliavacca, Giovanni Ambrogio (1 January 1762).
815:were commemorated by a bronze bust of Bellona by
2682:
859:Bellona in armour, attributed to Rembrandt, 1633
1739:
1164:
412:and Bellona with savagery. They would offer up
1541:Public Madness in the Visual Culture of Europe
1431:Altenbuchner, Klaus Anton (30 November 1899).
1002:Glenys Lloyd-Morgan, "Nemesis and Bellona" in
1797:
426:
260:
237:as an early Old Latin antecedent of the word
199:('war, warfare'), which likewise turned into
1430:
1319:
1165:Billington, Sandra; Green, Miranda (2002).
1085:
934:Georg Kolbe's Wuppertal fountain, 1915-1922
666:at St. Petersburg (c.1710) and that at the
1804:
1790:
726:A dynastic political statement is made in
285:in Rome was dedicated in 296 BCE near the
41:
1608:
1025:
555:
532:in 1762, the deities sit in judgement on
513:Tönet, ihr Pauken! Erschallet, Trompeten!
168:. She is known for her temple outside of
808:in 1862 as a gesture of reconciliation.
756:
626:
559:
340:. Beside the temple was the war column (
1745:
1370:
1368:
1293:Jean-Philippe Rameau: His Life and Work
1207:
1073:
295:the war with the Etruscans and Samnites
277:, and later with the Greek war goddess
2683:
1408:Krieg, Creator:Hans (1 January 1620).
1291:Cuthbert Girdlestone, Philip Gossett,
1189:
164:. She had many temples throughout the
1785:
1407:
1203:
1201:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1045:
147:
1365:
1041:
1039:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
998:
996:
886:, Louis Jean François Lagrenée, 1766
705:
489:
1609:Asclepias, Photo (20 August 2010).
1555:Margherita Andreotti, "Bellona" in
494:Bellona appears in the prologue of
13:
2240:
1706:. October 24, 2015. Archived from
1222:Included in the "Enyo" article at
1198:
1147:
265:Bellona was originally an ancient
14:
2712:
1770:
1036:
1012:
993:
550:Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1797)
1347:, University of Wisconsin 2002,
963:
951:
939:
927:
915:
903:
891:
876:
864:
852:
241:('good'). According to linguist
1714:
1696:
1674:
1653:
1635:Une espace consacrée aux braves
1625:
1602:
1586:
1565:
1549:
1539:Jane Kromm, The Art of Frenzy:
1533:
1521:
1500:
1490:Quoted in Casimir Simienowicz,
1484:
1465:
1447:
1424:
1401:
1389:
1353:
1337:
1313:
1301:
1285:
1274:
1259:
1247:
1235:
1216:
1183:
269:goddess of war identified with
222:('quite good, quite brave'), a
218:has proposed a derivation from
184:The name of the goddess of war
1126:
1107:
1094:
1079:
610:Straub's statue (below) has a
1:
1686:www.artandarchitecture-sf.com
1333:– via Internet Archive.
1088:The Natural History (English)
982:
811:The Australian dead from the
546:Le nozze del Tamigi e Bellona
526:Giovanni Ambrogio Migliavacca
273:, the consort of the war god
1740:General and cited references
1543:, London and New York 2003,
1102:Smaller Classical Dictionary
1026:Poplacean, Danielle (2018).
987:
970:Bellona on the badge of the
831:memorial to the dead in the
734:for her public rooms in the
728:"Marie de Medici as Bellona"
684:Louis Jean François Lagrenée
510:performed two years before,
179:
7:
1295:, Dover Publications 1969,
742:hover above her, holding a
10:
2717:
2299:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
2238:
1492:The great art of artillery
1167:The Concept of the Goddess
1113:"Cults of Enyo and Ma" at
1050:. Routledge. p. 136.
1004:The Concept of the Goddess
845:
593:Metropolitan Museum of Art
427:Representation in the arts
261:Cult, beliefs, and temples
214:remains obscure. Linguist
18:
2630:
2592:
2566:
2535:
2494:
2422:
2338:
2317:
2294:Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
2251:
2115:
1840:
1823:
1266:Sea Spray and Smoke Drift
833:PolishâSoviet War in 1920
431:
192:, itself a derivative of
128:
123:
113:
87:
73:
68:
56:
40:
33:
28:
2553:Rape of the Sabine Women
1661:"BELLONA GODDESS OF WAR"
1210:Rerum Gestarum (English)
1194:. The Pulpit Commentary.
972:Volunteer Training Corps
519:Maria Josepha of Austria
249:"in the context of war (
21:Bellona (disambiguation)
2558:Battle of Lacus Curtius
1596:, Stroud (Glos.) 2015,
1208:Marcellinus, Ammianus.
1141:August 1, 2016, at the
1135:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
780:'s Bellona fountain in
466:dedicated an energetic
330:extraterritorial status
251:bella acta, bella gesta
2245:
1813:Ancient Roman religion
1529:Brussels Pictures site
762:
730:(1622/5), designed by
719:in 1697, is marked by
676:Gaius Valerius Flaccus
639:
569:
566:Bartholomaeus Spranger
556:Painting and sculpture
462:In more modern times,
291:Appius Claudius Caecus
188:stems from an earlier
2244:
1692:on February 20, 2016.
1478:May 17, 2016, at the
1471:"Bellona" section at
1229:May 17, 2016, at the
1120:May 17, 2016, at the
1090:. pp. Book XXXV.
770:French Third Republic
760:
636:Johann Baptist Straub
630:
597:Johann Baptist Straub
563:
235:eponymous inscription
47:A bust of Bellona by
2438:Interpretatio graeca
1046:Orlin, Eric (2015).
825:SpanishâAmerican War
668:J. Paul Getty Museum
601:Johann Wilhelm Beyer
530:Archduchess Isabella
402:Ammianus Marcellinus
216:Georges-Jean Pinault
19:For other uses, see
16:Roman goddess of war
2638:Classical mythology
2459:Theology of victory
2304:Kings of Alba Longa
1613:. Wikimedia Commons
1527:Photographs on the
1455:"Getty Museum site"
1435:. Wikimedia Commons
1412:. Wikimedia Commons
1190:Spence, H. (1950).
1104:, London 1862, p.77
664:Alvise Tagliapietra
540:and the librettist
482:, and the works of
464:Adam Lindsay Gordon
149:[bÉlËloËna]
2246:
1592:Vanessa Berridge,
813:Gallipoli Campaign
763:
640:
570:
501:Les Indes Galantes
472:Arthur Graeme West
396:, Strife, and the
162:four-horse chariot
2691:Bellona (goddess)
2678:
2677:
2655:Etruscan religion
2269:Romulus and Remus
2252:Legendary figures
2236:
2235:
1885:Castor and Pollux
1649:on March 9, 2016.
1461:on April 2, 2015.
1176:978-1-134-64152-9
1086:Pliny the Elder.
1057:978-1-134-62552-9
817:Bertram Mackennal
752:Thirty Years' War
736:Luxembourg Palace
732:Peter Paul Rubens
706:Public statements
617:Bertram Mackennal
595:, and statues by
538:Francesco Bianchi
507:dramma per musica
490:Cantata and opera
375:Forum of Augustus
369:. At least seven
233:, attested on an
210:The etymology of
138:
137:
2708:
2548:Founding of Rome
2318:Legendary beings
2279:Tullus Hostilius
2116:Abstract deities
1975:Lares Familiares
1838:
1837:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1783:
1782:
1766:
1747:de Vaan, Michiel
1734:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1688:. Archived from
1678:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1642:. Archived from
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1600:
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1559:, OUP USA 2003,
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943:
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895:
880:
868:
856:
840:Waterloo station
827:of 1898; in the
797:Seven Years' War
789:William Chambers
713:Long Turkish War
621:Jean-LĂ©on GĂ©rĂŽme
542:Lorenzo da Ponte
414:human sacrifices
287:Circus Flaminius
151:
146:
129:Greek equivalent
45:
26:
25:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2696:Roman goddesses
2681:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2670:Myth and ritual
2665:Greek mythology
2626:
2588:
2584:Pignora imperii
2579:Parabiago Plate
2562:
2531:
2490:
2424:
2418:
2400:Sibylline Books
2334:
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2284:Servius Tullius
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1242:Henry IV part 1
1240:
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1199:
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1163:
1148:
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1084:
1080:
1072:
1065:
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1044:
1037:
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1006:, London 1996,
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806:JérÎme-Napoléon
717:battle of Zenta
708:
644:Hans Georg Asam
558:
492:
434:
429:
342:columna bellica
263:
243:Michiel de Vaan
205:Classical Latin
182:
144:
52:
36:
24:
17:
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5:
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1771:External links
1769:
1768:
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1735:
1713:
1710:on 2015-10-24.
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672:Augustin Pajou
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303:dies sanguinis
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1831:Dii Consentes
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1724:. 11 May 2014
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1281:The Traveller
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1169:. Routledge.
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1129:
1123:
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1076:, p. 70.
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766:Auguste Rodin
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245:, the use of
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224:reconstructed
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154:ancient Roman
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55:
50:
44:
39:
32:
27:
22:
2574:Gubernaculum
2543:Golden Bough
2512:Neoplatonism
2507:Epicureanism
2436:
2409:
2390:
2371:
2364:
2350:
1869:
1855:Anna Perenna
1829:
1751:
1726:. Retrieved
1716:
1708:the original
1698:
1690:the original
1685:
1676:
1664:. Retrieved
1655:
1644:the original
1634:
1627:
1615:. Retrieved
1604:
1593:
1588:
1576:. Retrieved
1567:
1556:
1551:
1540:
1535:
1523:
1511:. Retrieved
1502:
1491:
1486:
1467:
1459:the original
1449:
1437:. Retrieved
1426:
1414:. Retrieved
1403:
1395:[Sotherbyâs
1391:
1379:. Retrieved
1355:
1344:
1339:
1327:. Retrieved
1322:
1315:
1303:
1292:
1287:
1276:
1265:
1261:
1253:
1249:
1244:, (IV.i.119)
1241:
1237:
1218:
1209:
1191:
1185:
1166:
1134:
1132:"Fetiales",
1128:
1109:
1101:
1096:
1087:
1081:
1074:de Vaan 2008
1047:
1028:
1003:
883:
837:
810:
786:
764:
744:laurel crown
725:
709:
695:
691:
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653:U.S. Capitol
647:
641:
631:
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545:
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484:Walter Pater
461:
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371:inscriptions
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229:of the word
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166:Roman Empire
140:
139:
2648:Persecution
2600:Gallo-Roman
2392:Res divinae
2264:Rhea Silvia
1557:Rodin's Art
1508:"WI-ID PDF"
1397:description
976:World War I
793:Kew Gardens
778:Georg Kolbe
774:Rose Beuret
692:In Ruffinum
680:Argonautica
599:(1770) and
574:breastplate
476:World War I
468:Swinburnean
449:Shakespeare
354:in 280 BC.
315:Cappadocian
174:Renaissance
124:Equivalents
2685:Categories
2593:Variations
2495:Philosophy
2474:Capitolium
2381:Propertius
2148:Averruncus
2133:Aeternitas
2123:Abundantia
2052:Proserpina
1728:24 October
1666:24 October
1617:24 October
1598:chapter 15
1578:24 October
1513:24 October
1439:24 October
1416:24 October
1381:24 October
1329:24 October
983:References
721:Jan Cosijn
568:'s design
534:Prometheus
498:'s opera,
324:The Roman
311:Asia Minor
227:diminutive
49:Jan Cosijn
2620:Mithraism
2605:Mysteries
2454:Palladium
2432:Festivals
2208:Securitas
2158:Concordia
2102:Vertumnus
1920:DÄ«s Pater
1817:mythology
1755:. Brill.
1410:"Bellona"
1192:Ephesians
1032:(Thesis).
988:Citations
829:Bialystok
782:Wuppertal
657:artillery
589:Rembrandt
394:Discordia
293:, during
247:*duenelo-
220:*duenelo-
194:Old Latin
180:Etymology
152:) was an
104:Discordia
69:Genealogy
64:and torch
60:Military
2660:Glossary
2631:See also
2527:Stoicism
2502:Cynicism
2464:Pomerium
2423:Concepts
2405:Apuleius
2325:She-wolf
2309:Hersilia
2228:Victoria
2128:Aequitas
2082:Summanus
2072:Silvanus
2057:Quirinus
1987:Libertas
1950:Hercules
1895:Cloacina
1880:Carmenta
1875:Bona Dea
1850:Angerona
1845:Agenoria
1749:(2008).
1561:pp.51-60
1476:Archived
1297:pp.323-4
1227:Archived
1139:Archived
1118:Archived
1008:pp.125-6
688:Claudian
406:Scordici
347:fetiales
338:triumphs
334:pomerium
317:aspect,
190:Duellona
100:Juventas
88:Siblings
2643:Decline
2567:Objects
2469:Temples
2449:Charity
2183:Laverna
2173:Fortuna
2163:Feronia
2092:Veritas
2062:Salacia
2047:Priapus
2032:Penates
2012:Neptune
2007:Minerva
2002:Mercury
1965:Jupiter
1905:Dea Dia
1870:Bellona
1825:Deities
1270:poem 10
1256:I.ii.54
1254:Macbeth
846:Gallery
632:Bellona
591:in the
582:Victory
578:trumpet
515:BWV 214
457:Macbeth
453:Hotspur
444:Statius
439:Thebaid
387:England
363:shrines
359:temples
352:Pyrrhus
212:duellum
197:duellum
186:BellĆna
141:Bellona
114:Consort
78:Jupiter
74:Parents
29:Bellona
2610:Cybele
2536:Events
2484:Celtic
2352:Aeneid
2346:Virgil
2259:Aeneas
2193:Pietas
2178:Fontus
2153:Caelus
2143:Annona
2138:Africa
2107:Vulcan
2067:Saturn
2042:Pomona
1945:Genius
1935:Faunus
1925:Egeria
1865:Aurora
1860:Apollo
1759:
1173:
1054:
802:Quebec
740:cupids
638:, 1770
612:gorgon
496:Rameau
432:Poetry
421:Virtus
404:, the
398:Furies
307:Cybele
283:temple
281:. Her
267:Sabine
255:bellum
231:duenos
201:bellum
158:helmet
108:Lucina
96:Vulcan
62:helmet
57:Symbol
2479:Cella
2386:Varro
2366:Fasti
2339:Texts
2223:Terra
2203:Salus
2168:Fides
2097:Vesta
2087:Venus
2037:Pluto
2027:Orcus
1982:Liber
1970:Lares
1955:Janus
1940:Flora
1930:Fauna
1910:Diana
1900:Cupid
1890:Ceres
1647:(PDF)
1640:(PDF)
1496:p.347
1473:Theoi
1361:p.529
1349:p.150
1224:Theoi
1115:Theoi
634:, by
605:Janus
271:Nerio
239:bonus
2615:Isis
2360:Ovid
2213:Spes
2198:Roma
1997:Mars
1992:Luna
1960:Juno
1915:Dies
1815:and
1757:ISBN
1730:2016
1668:2016
1619:2016
1580:2016
1545:p.40
1515:2016
1441:2016
1418:2016
1383:2016
1331:2016
1171:ISBN
1052:ISBN
791:for
410:Mars
383:York
367:Rome
361:and
279:Enyo
275:Mars
170:Rome
145:IPA:
133:Enyo
118:Mars
92:Mars
82:Juno
80:and
2188:Pax
2077:Sol
2022:Ops
2017:Nox
974:in
698:).
690:'s
670:by
480:Pan
474:'s
442:of
309:in
289:by
257:."
203:in
2687::
1684:.
1367:^
1268:,
1200:^
1149:^
1066:^
1038:^
1014:^
995:^
754:.
678:'
552:.
385:,
321:.
319:Ma
207:.
176:.
106:,
102:,
98:,
94:,
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1828:(
1805:e
1798:t
1791:v
1765:.
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301:(
143:(
23:.
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