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stress on the credit market and stagnation in investment spending. In addition to stressed credit markets, the failing gold standard also played a crucial role. After World War 1 most countries had their currencies tied to gold as well as fixed exchange rates, however, post-war animosity between many
European nations led to non-cooperation regarding the gold standard. Consequently, the gold standard failed in the late 1920s, bringing prices, money supply, and output down with it. Their research showed that the combination of a failing gold standard and stressed credit markets led to a catastrophic spiral in the economy.
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1083:" (MAC) clause, Paulson immediately called Lewis to a meeting in Washington. At the meeting, which allegedly took place on December 21, 2008, Paulson told Lewis that he and the board would be replaced if they invoked the MAC clause and additionally not to reveal the extent of the losses to shareholders. Paulson stated to Cuomo's office that he was directed by Bernanke to threaten Lewis in this manner.
4476:
1280:" of money into the economy to fight deflation. Bernanke's critics have since referred to him as "Helicopter Ben" or to his "helicopter printing press." In a footnote to his speech, Bernanke noted that "people know that inflation erodes the real value of the government's debt and, therefore, that it is in the interest of the government to create some inflation."
912:
573:"—the theory that traditional business cycles have declined in volatility in recent decades through structural changes that have occurred in the international economy, particularly increases in the economic stability of developing nations, diminishing the influence of macroeconomic (monetary and fiscal) policy.
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faced by "entitlement programs such as Social
Security and Medicare" or "in the longer run we will have neither financial stability nor healthy economic growth." Bernanke said that formulation of such a plan would help the economy in the near term, even if actual implementation of the plan might have
1086:
Congressional hearings into these allegations were conducted on June 25, 2009, with
Bernanke testifying that he did not bully Lewis. Under intense questioning by members of Congress, Bernanke said, "I never said anything about firing the board and the management ." In further testimony, Bernanke said
1497:
lenders and borrowers were both inclined to protect their financial health due to stressed credit markets. Lenders began tightening credit standards and avoiding risky borrowers while borrowers withdrew their cash. These self-preservation decisions from both lenders and borrowers resulted in further
1340:
wrote, on
January 30, 2008, that "Dr. Bernanke's forecasts have been too sunny over the last six months. the other hand, his forecast was a lot better than Wall Street's in mid-2006. Back then, he resisted calls for further interest rate increases because he thought the economy might be weakening."
1002:
On August 25, 2009, President Obama announced he would nominate
Bernanke to a second term as chairman of the Federal Reserve. In a short statement on Martha's Vineyard, with Bernanke standing at his side, Obama said Bernanke's background, temperament, courage and creativity helped to prevent another
902:
In June 2005, Bernanke was named chairman of
President George W. Bush's Council of Economic Advisers and resigned as Fed governor. The appointment was largely viewed as a test run to ascertain if Bernanke could be Bush's pick to succeed Greenspan as Fed chairman the next year. He held the post until
1113:
of
Kentucky said on CNBC that he had seen documents which show that Bernanke overruled recommendations from his staff in bailing out AIG. The columnist says this raises questions as to whether or not the decision to bail out AIG was necessary. Senators from both parties who support Bernanke say his
1329:
on
November 26, 2007—in a column in which he argued that recession was likely—that "maintaining demand must be the over-arching macro-economic priority. That means the Federal Reserve System has to get ahead of the curve and recognize—as the market already has—that levels of the Federal Funds rate
1269:. Control of the money supply implies that the government can always avoid deflation by simply issuing more money. He said, "The U.S. government has a technology, called a printing press (or today, its electronic equivalent), that allows it to produce as many U.S. dollars as it wishes at no cost."
1126:
The crisis in 2008 also made Ben
Bernanke create a pseudonym, Edward Quince. According to the Wall Street Journal, the false name was evidence in a class-action lawsuit against the government by shareholders of AIG, which had been given a Fed-backed bailout when it was near collapse. One of Mr.
935:
His first months as chairman of the
Federal Reserve System were marked by difficulties communicating with the media. An advocate of more transparent Fed policy and clearer statements than Greenspan had made, he had to back away from his initial idea of stating clearer inflation goals as such
1287:, Bernanke, when questioned about taxation policy, said that it was none of his business, his exclusive remit being monetary policy, and said that fiscal policy and wider society related issues were what politicians were for and got elected for. But Bernanke has been identified by
607:, in which he revealed that the world's economy came close to collapse in 2007 and 2008. Bernanke asserts that it was only the novel efforts of the Fed (cooperating with other US agencies and agencies of other governments) that prevented an economic catastrophe greater than the
1373:
conference in January 2014, Bernanke reflected on his tenure as chairman of the Federal Reserve. He expressed his hope that economic growth was building momentum and stated that he was confident that the central bank would be able to withdraw its support smoothly.
1222:"Let me end my talk by abusing slightly my status as an official representative of the Federal Reserve. I would like to say to Milton and Anna : Regarding the Great Depression, you're right. We did it. We're very sorry. But thanks to you, we won't do it again."
1237:
Bernanke found that the financial disruptions of 1930–33 reduced the efficiency of the credit allocation process; and that the resulting higher cost and reduced availability of credit acted to depress aggregate demand, identifying an effect he called the
4129:, May 15, 2010. Accessed February 2, 2015. "In 1985, he left Stanford for Princeton. His children — Joel, born in 1982, and Alyssa, born in 1986 — enrolled in public schools, and for six years he served on the school board in Montgomery Township, N.J."
923:
On February 1, 2006, Bernanke began a fourteen-year term as a member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors and a four-year term as chairman (after having been nominated by President Bush in late 2005). By virtue of the chairmanship, he sat on the
1410:, Bernanke revealed that he was no longer a Republican, having "lost patience with Republicans' susceptibility to the know-nothing-ism of the far right. ... I view myself now as a moderate independent, and I think that's where I'll stay."
948:. She reported that Bernanke said investors had misinterpreted his comments as indicating that he was "dovish" on inflation. He was sharply criticized for making public statements about Fed direction, which he said was a "lapse in judgment."
1087:
the Fed did nothing illegal or unethical in its efforts to convince Bank of America not to end the merger. Lewis told the panel that authorities expressed "strong views" but said he would not characterize their stance as improper.
1048:, Bernanke "has been attacked for failing to foresee the financial crisis, for bailing out Wall Street, and, most recently, for injecting an additional $ 600 billion into the banking system to give the slow recovery a boost."
3882:(see paragraphs 4, 5 and 6 in the "Economic Challenges" section at the end of the speech transcript). Speech given on April 7, 2010, to the Dallas Regional Chamber of Commerce in Dallas, Texas. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
1217:
and has on several occasions argued that one of the biggest mistakes made during the period was to raise interest rates too early. In a speech on Milton Friedman's ninetieth birthday (November 8, 2002), Bernanke said:
1010:
However, Bernanke was confirmed for a second term as chairman on January 28, 2010, by a 70–30 vote of the full Senate, the narrowest margin, at the time, for any occupant of the position. (For the roll-call vote, see
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task falling within the implementation powers of the Federal Reserve. Bernanke also pointed out that deficit reduction will necessarily consist of either raising taxes, cutting entitlement payments and other
688:
The family moved to Dillon from New York in the 1940s. Bernanke's mother gave up her job as a schoolteacher when her son was born and worked at the family drugstore. Ben Bernanke also worked there sometimes.
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advising Obama against his reappointment as chairman of the Federal Reserve. Bernanke focused less on the role of the Federal Reserve and more on the role of private banks and financial institutions.
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In an October 2014 speech, Bernanke disclosed that he was unsuccessful in efforts to refinance his home. He suggested that lenders "may have gone a little bit too far on mortgage credit conditions".
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was holding down interest rates and financing the current account deficits of the United States. (Alternative reasons include relatively low worldwide investment coupled with low U.S. savings.)
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721:, chairman of New York University's economics department, says they are "embedded in who he (Bernanke) is." Once Bernanke was at Harvard for his freshman year, fellow Dillon native
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in 2008. When Senate Banking Committee hearings on his nomination began on December 3, 2009, several senators from both parties indicated they would not support a second term.
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As a member of the board of governors of the Federal Reserve System on February 20, 2004, Bernanke gave a speech in which he postulated that we are in a new era called the
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from 2002 to 2005. In one of his first speeches as a governor, entitled "Deflation: Making Sure It Doesn't Happen Here", he outlined what has been referred to as the
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3869:(see pages 13–14 of the speech transcript). Speech given on April 7, 2010, to the Dallas Regional Chamber of Commerce in Dallas, Texas. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
1493:. Their research suggested that the Great Depression was caused by a variety of factors including credit market stress and a failing gold standard. With a rising
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2800:"Deflation: Making Sure 'It' Doesn't Happen Here, Remarks by Governor Ben S. Bernanke Before the National Economists Club, Washington, D.C. November 21, 2002"
899:, where modern macroeconomic policy has decreased the volatility of the business cycle to the point that it should no longer be a central issue in economics.
3901:
3131:
685:, aged 30, on June 30, 1921, with his wife Pauline, aged 25. On the ship's manifest, Jonas's occupation is listed as "clerk" and Pauline's as "doctor med".
9508:
9383:
1242:. When faced with a mild downturn, banks are likely to significantly cut back lending and other risky ventures. This further hurts the economy, creating a
592:. His first term began on February 1, 2006. Bernanke was confirmed for a second term as chairman on January 28, 2010, after being renominated by President
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3632:
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881:. He chaired that department from 1996 until September 2002, when he went on public service leave. He resigned his position at Princeton July 1, 2005.
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and part-time theater manager. His mother Edna was an elementary school teacher. Bernanke has two younger siblings. His brother, Seth, is a lawyer in
945:
658:, and Hebrew teacher. Bernanke's father and uncle owned and managed a drugstore they purchased from Bernanke's paternal grandfather, Jonas Bernanke.
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1533:, in 1985, where Bernanke's children attended the local public schools. Bernanke served for six years as a member of the board of education of the
885:
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3548:"The Financial Accelerator and the Credit Channel, The Credit Channel of Monetary Policy in the Twenty-first Century Conference, Atlanta, Georgia"
982:, creating $ 1.3 trillion from November 2008 to June 2010 and using the created money to buy financial assets from banks and from the government.
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Remarks by Governor Ben S. Bernanke, At the Conference to Honor Milton Friedman, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, November 8, 2002
1178:(and also Dean Croushore in later editions) and an introductory textbook, covering both microeconomics and macroeconomics, coauthored with
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1015:.) The Senate first voted 77–23 to end debate, Bernanke winning more than the 60 approval votes needed to overcome the possibility of a
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in his decision to lower interest rates to zero. Anna Schwartz, however, was highly critical of Bernanke and wrote an opinion piece in
1075:. The letter alleged that the extent of the losses at Merrill Lynch was not disclosed to Bank of America by Bernanke and Paulson. When
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His remarks were most likely intended for the federal government's executive and legislative branches, since entitlement reform is a
705:, before leaving for college. To support himself throughout college, he continued to work during the summers at South of the Border.
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Quince's emails reads, "We think they are days from failure. They think it is a temporary problem. This disconnect is dangerous."
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1448:. During a speech delivered on April 7, 2010, he warned that the U.S. must soon develop a "credible" plan to address the pending
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1079:, the chief executive officer of Bank of America, informed Paulson that Bank of America was exiting the merger by invoking the "
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Bernanke, Ben S. 2023. "Nobel Lecture: Banking, Credit, and Economic Fluctuations." American Economic Review, 113 (5): 1143–69.
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2269:"Federal Reserve Speech: Chairman Ben S. Bernanke At the presentation of the Order of the Palmetto, Dillon, South Carolina"
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596:, who later referred to him as "the epitome of calm." His second term ended on January 31, 2014, when he was succeeded by
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1026:, the first woman to hold the position. Yellen was nominated on October 9, 2013, by President Obama and confirmed by the
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Bernanke, Ben S. (June 1983). "Nonmonetary Effects of the Financial Crisis in the Propagation of the Great Depression".
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932:. He also served as chairman of the Federal Open Market Committee, the System's principal monetary policy making body.
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2131:"Ben S. Bernanke formally sworn in to second term as chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System"
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in the business news, Bernanke gave a speech about the topic. In that speech, he mentioned that the government in a
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As the Great Recession deepened, Bernanke oversaw some unorthodox measures. Under his guidance, the Fed lowered its
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4421:. Pages 58–81. Summarizing September 15–23, 2008 with interviews by James Stewart of Paulson, Bernanke and Geitner.
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Bernanke, Ben S., "Non-Monetary Effects of the Financial Crisis in the Propagation of the Great Depression",
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1019:. On a second vote to confirm, the 30 dissents came from 11 Democrats, 18 Republicans and one independent.
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saying the "book is intended to help future generations of economic policymakers, and it probably will."
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and policy. He has written two textbooks: an intermediate-level macroeconomics textbook coauthored with
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there from 1996 to September 2002, when he went on public service leave. Bernanke was awarded the 2022
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As a teenager, Bernanke worked construction on a hospital and waited tables at a restaurant at nearby
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1201:, on which he has published numerous academic journal articles. Before Bernanke's work, the dominant
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from 2006 to 2014. After leaving the Federal Reserve, he was appointed a distinguished fellow at the
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actions averted worse problems and outweighed whatever responsibility this may have created for the
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For example, while Greenspan publicly supported President Clinton's deficit reduction plan and the
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that were neutral when the financial system was working normally are quite contractionary today."
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2397:"FRB: Speech, Bernanke-Financial Access for Immigrants: The Case of Remittances-April 16, 2004"
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from 5.25% to 0.0% within less than a year. When this was considered insufficient to abate the
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When Bernanke left Stanford to accept a position at Princeton, he and his family moved to
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554:, "for research on banks and financial crises", more specifically for his analysis of the
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Bernanke's first name is Ben, not Benjamin, and "Ben Shalom" is not abbreviated. (See: "
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3629:"Governor Ben S. Bernanke, The Global Saving Glut and the U.S. Current Account Deficit"
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21st Century Monetary Policy: The Federal Reserve from the Great Inflation to COVID-19,
1399:, as a senior adviser. In the same month it was revealed that Bernanke would also join
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1250:, who had previously advocated his own theory for the Great Depression, notes that the
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Milton Friedman; Anna Jacobson Schwartz; National Bureau of Economic Research (2008).
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Milton Friedman; Anna Jacobson Schwartz; National Bureau of Economic Research (2008).
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21st Century Monetary Policy: The Federal Reserve from the Great Inflation to COVID-19
1680:(September 1992). "The Federal Funds Rate and the Channels of Monetary Transmission".
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In 2022 Bernanke was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences along with
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As the recession began in 2007, many economists urged Bernanke (and the rest of the
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created a cocktail inspired by Mr. Bernanke's chosen alias: the "Rye & Quince."
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at the time, Bernanke taught it to himself. Bernanke scored 1590 out of 1600 on the
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and a close colleague as a "libertarian-Republican" in the mold of Alan Greenspan.
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Bernanke wrote about his time as chairman of the Federal Reserve in his 2015 book,
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dated April 23, 2009, Bernanke was mentioned along with former Treasury Secretary
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scrolls in his local synagogue. Although he keeps his beliefs private, his friend
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4237:"Dedication Ceremony Saturday, March 7, in Dillon For "Ben Bernanke Interchange""
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families in Dillon and attended Ohav Shalom, a local synagogue; Bernanke learned
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252:
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43:
7668:
1912:
Ben Bernanke’s Nobel Prize Lecture, “Banking, Credit, and Economic Fluctuations”
1197:
Bernanke is particularly interested in the economic and political causes of the
534:. Before becoming Federal Reserve chairman, Bernanke was a tenured professor at
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1597:(SCDOT) Commission approved a resolution on February 21 to name Exit 190 along
1547:
1523:
1518:. The Bernankes have two children, Joel and Alyssa. He is an ardent fan of the
1358:
1151:
1147:
1109:'troubling details' of Bernanke's role in the AIG bailout". Republican Senator
838:
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5259:
5121:
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4918:
4780:
4069:
3845:
3728:"Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke to Join Economic Studies at Brookings"
2956:
Hilsenrath, Jon; Williamson, Elizabeth; Weisman, Jonathan (August 26, 2009).
2743:
2702:
2109:
1987:"Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke to Join Economic Studies at Brookings"
1896:
1550:, a spreading crime the Federal Reserve has for years issued warnings about.
1457:
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1227:
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834:
777:
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643:
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and potentially turning a mild recession into a major depression. Economist
960:
Bernanke (left) in September 2008 as President Bush speaks about the economy
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7009:
6830:
6807:
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6544:
6382:
6377:
6332:
6147:
6126:
5993:
5926:
5908:
5860:
5586:
5314:
5264:
5239:
5184:
5101:
5046:
4998:
4978:
4928:
4747:
4660:
4061:
3925:"Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke sounds a warning on growing deficit"
1677:
1362:
1354:
1214:
1060:
1023:
854:
830:
682:
597:
593:
121:
81:
4645:
4632:
4622:, Ben Bernanke, July 12, 2005, address with summary, video, and transcript
4538:
3050:"Populist backlash puts Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke under siege"
1391:
On April 16, 2015, it was announced publicly that Bernanke will work with
911:
650:
as a child from his maternal grandfather, Harold Friedman, a professional
511:; born December 13, 1953) is an American economist who served as the 14th
9090:
8926:
8910:
8838:
8723:
8655:
8559:
8523:
8309:
8301:
7901:
7865:
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7811:
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7099:
7057:
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6347:
6322:
5644:
5556:
5349:
5274:
5249:
5244:
5111:
5091:
5031:
5003:
4953:
4700:
4552:
3326:"Lawmakers hit out at Paulson over BofA-Merrill". Reuters. July 16, 2009
3247:
1392:
1297:
1247:
1190:. He is among the 50 most published economists in the world according to
1175:
1110:
213:
95:
2517:
674:
9011:
8966:
8456:
8356:
8176:
8100:
8017:
7845:
7766:
7539:
7272:
5459:
5086:
5081:
4943:
4933:
4578:
4543:
2271:. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. September 1, 2006.
2015:"The Great Depression Expert Who Prevented the Second Great Depression"
1723:
1693:
1668:
1515:
1262:
1202:
1016:
737:
Bernanke was educated at East Elementary, J.V. Martin Junior High, and
628:
5333:
3189:"Senate confirms Bernanke for second term as Federal Reserve chairman"
3132:"Senate Dems Not Sure They Can Get Enough Votes to Reconfirm Bernanke"
1642:
Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel
1429:
Statements on deficit reduction and reform of Social Security/Medicare
8344:
8332:
8092:
6194:
6157:
5490:
5204:
2156:"Obama nominates Janet Yellen to succeed Bernanke at Federal Reserve"
1258:
1182:. Bernanke was the Director of the Monetary Economics Program of the
797:
3950:
2441:"Bernanke speaks at ceremony naming I-95 interchange - Mar. 7, 2009"
8154:
8072:
7754:
6464:
6162:
5562:
5421:
4505:
external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
4015:"Bernanke Says Nation Must Take Action Soon to Shape Fiscal Future"
3955:
3834:"What Is the Federal Reserve's Role in the Economy? Bernanke Knows"
3341:
2773:(PhD thesis). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Archived from
2767:
Long-Term Commitments, Dynamic Optimization, and the Business Cycle
2703:"Dillon Boy Is New S. C. Champion In Spelling Bee Held at Anderson"
2518:"Fed Nominee Bernanke Was Molded By Upbringing in Small-town South"
1961:
1933:
Long-term commitments, dynamic optimization, and the business cycle
1380:
Since February 2014, Bernanke has been employed as a Distinguished
815:
Long-Term Commitments, Dynamic Optimization, and the Business Cycle
750:
662:
418:
Long Term Commitments, Dynamic Optimization, and the Business Cycle
4342:
Andrews, Edmund L. (November 5, 2005). "All for a more open Fed".
3951:"Let Them Go Bankrupt, Soon: Solving Social Security and Medicare"
3754:"Ben Bernanke Will Work With Citadel, a Hedge Fund, as an Adviser"
2860:. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Archived from
1421:
since its inception. The book received a positive review from the
1158:
post. Also on stage with the President are Mrs. Anna Bernanke and
8305:
8229:
6167:
3418:"Opellius: "Bernanke vs. Yellen: A Spooky Outlook?" By Axel Merk"
3356:"Meet Edward Quince, the Secret Federal Reserve Chairman in 2008"
1301:
1265:
system owns the physical means of creating money and to maintain
670:
655:
561:
From August 5, 2002, until June 21, 2005, he was a member of the
4138:
2663:"National Merit Scholarship Corporation - Scholars You May Know"
1703:"Systematic Monetary Policy and the Effects of Oil Price Shocks"
906:
673:), on January 23, 1891. He immigrated to the United States from
4556:
3880:"Economic Challenges: Past, Present and Future (HTML version)"
1381:
870:
678:
651:
411:
6235:
4413:"Eight Days: the battle to save the American financial system"
3867:"Economic Challenges: Past, Present and Future (PDF version)"
2492:"Ben Bernanke, Time Mag's 2009 'Person of the Year' is Jewish"
2467:"In First Crisis on the Job, Bernanke's About-Face Is Weighed"
2069:"Former Fed Chair Bernanke shares Nobel for research on banks"
1772:
preview of ch. 1, "The Macroeconomics of the Great Depression"
1728:
Inflation Targeting: Lessons from the International Experience
1701:
Bernanke, Ben S.; Gertler, Mark; Watson, Mark (May 27, 1997).
476:
4838:
1400:
1191:
844:
714:
3752:
Sorkin, Andrew Ross; Stevenson, Alexandra (April 16, 2015).
1051:
1033:
8172:
4046:"Nobel Lecture: Banking, Credit, and Economic Fluctuations"
2955:
2096:"Bush Nominates Bernanke to Succeed Greenspan as Fed Chief"
1713:
1417:
where he assesses the successes as well as failures of the
941:
817:. Bernanke's thesis adviser was the future governor of the
494:
488:
9464:
MIT School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences alumni
4427:
The Courage to Act: A Memoir of a Crisis and Its Aftermath
1832:
The Courage to Act: A Memoir of a Crisis and Its Aftermath
1022:
Bernanke was succeeded as chair of the Federal Reserve by
9459:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
3779:"Pimco recruits ex-Federal Reserve chairman Ben Bernanke"
3713:"Ex-Fed chief Bernanke denied loan to refinance his home"
2814:
The Return of Depression Economics and the Crisis of 2008
1940:
813:
in 1979 after completing and defending his dissertation,
754:
485:
9404:
Chairs of the United States Council of Economic Advisers
1150:, looking on, Chairman Ben Bernanke addresses President
1038:
Bernanke has been subjected to criticism concerning the
9524:
Stanford University Graduate School of Business faculty
3218:"Bernanke wins a second term, but it's a tepid victory"
3019:"Senate Vote on Bernanke Confirmation Set for Thursday"
2313:
2561:
In Fed We Trust: Ben Bernanke's War on the Great Panic
2548:
In Fed We Trust: Ben Bernanke's War on the Great Panic
2251:
In Fed We Trust: Ben Bernanke's War on the Great Panic
1384:
in Residence with the Economic Studies Program at the
1067:
in allegations of fraud concerning the acquisition of
519:. During his tenure as chairman, Bernanke oversaw the
2043:"The Prize in Economic Sciences 2022 - Press release"
1777:
1700:
1395:, the $ 25 billion hedge fund founded by billionaire
713:
As a teenager in the 1960s, Bernanke helped roll the
635:. His sister, Sharon, is a longtime administrator at
503:
491:
482:
9419:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
4139:
Jon Hilsenrath and Brent Kendall (August 29, 2009).
2611:"Bernanke is a student of Great Depression, Red Sox"
2229:"Fed Chief's Boyhood Home Is Sold After Foreclosure"
2226:
1622:
in the category "Economics, Finance and Management".
473:
5800:
Public–Private Investment Program for Legacy Assets
1514:Bernanke met his wife, Anna, a schoolteacher, on a
1300:, the idea that relatively high level of worldwide
479:
4655:Recorded live on March 27, 2012, 10:38 am MST
4642:Recorded live on March 20, 2012, 10:35 am MST
4625:Lectures by Ben Bernanke to an economics class at
3726:Nordquist, DJ; Tracy, Viselli (February 3, 2014).
3550:. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. June 15, 2007.
3076:"2 Key Senators Oppose a Second Term for Bernanke"
3048:Irwin, Neil; Montgomery, Lori (January 23, 2010).
1808:
1413:Bernanke published in 2022 his latest book titled
865:from 1979 until 1985, was a visiting professor at
4489:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines
4355:Lombard Street: A Description of the Money Market
4013:Chan, Sewell; Hernandez, Javier (April 7, 2010).
3597:
3595:
3593:
3296:"Andrew Cuomo letter to Congress, April 23, 2009"
2263:
2261:
2259:
9345:
4257:
3984:"Can Obama Actually Achieve Entitlement Reform?"
3603:"Speech, Bernanke -Deflation- November 21, 2002"
3382:"A Crisis, an Alias, and a Cocktail with Quince"
2296:"New Fed chief will face an economy with issues"
2174:"Yellen sworn in as Fed chair in brief ceremony"
2135:Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
2037:
2035:
944:comments from their private conversation at the
886:Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
563:Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
9514:Presidents of the American Economic Association
6466:Presidents of the American Economic Association
3923:Irwin, Neil; Montgomery, Lori (April 8, 2010).
3922:
3806:"Bernanke: I'm not really a Republican anymore"
3751:
3667:
3047:
2932:"Obama to Nominate Bernanke to 2nd Term at Fed"
2608:
2575:
1675:
1522:baseball team, and frequently attends games at
825:, and his readers included Irwin S. Bernstein,
776:, as did the future chief executive officer of
584:before President Bush nominated him to succeed
9088:
3725:
3590:
3585:Economics 113 – American Economic History
2824:
2822:
2464:
2256:
1586:Distinguished Leadership in Government Award,
1257:In 2002, following coverage of concerns about
946:White House Correspondents' Association Dinner
936:statements tended to affect the stock market.
919:responding to a question on February 10, 2009.
853:Bernanke meeting with United States President
576:Bernanke then served as chairman of President
9454:Members of the American Philosophical Society
9074:
8393:
7318:
6450:
6221:
6190:Personal consumption expenditures price index
5365:
4854:
4830:
4646:"Chairman Ben Bernanke Lecture Series Part 3"
4633:"Chairman Ben Bernanke Lecture Series Part 1"
4012:
3574:Lecture 10: Depressions and Panics, 1840–1933
3507:
3067:
2841:"At the Fed, an Unknown Became a Safe Choice"
2381:. Nytstore.com. June 30, 1921. Archived from
2359:. Nytstore.com. June 30, 1921. Archived from
2032:
1803:
1644:"for research on banks and financial crises".
1453:to wait until the economic outlook improves.
951:
907:Chairman of the United States Federal Reserve
623:, and was raised on East Jefferson Street in
8413:Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences
7332:
4665:
3474:
3073:
2876:
2695:
2550:(New York: Crown Business, 2009), pp. 70–71.
1970:Presidential Nomination: Ben Shalom Bernanke
1620:BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award
1344:
1319:, later named Director of the White House's
1254:raised the pertinence of Bernanke's theory.
1209:view that it had been largely caused by the
142:February 1, 2006 – January 31, 2014
69:February 1, 2006 – January 31, 2014
9509:People from Montgomery Township, New Jersey
9384:American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
5789:2009 Supervisory Capital Assessment Program
5706:Federal Reserve v. Investment Co. Institute
4371:. Princeton University Press. p. 247.
4241:South Carolina Department of Transportation
3451:. Princeton University Press. p. 247.
2819:
2399:. The Federal Reserve Board. April 16, 2004
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
1595:South Carolina Department of Transportation
1166:Bernanke has given several lectures at the
1095:According to a January 26, 2010, column in
9081:
9067:
8400:
8386:
7325:
7311:
6457:
6443:
6237:Chairs of the Council of Economic Advisers
6228:
6214:
5794:Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility
5379:
5372:
5358:
4861:
4847:
4620:"Skills, Ownership, and Economic Security"
4539:Statements and Speeches of Ben S. Bernanke
3891:
3470:
3468:
2988:"McCain To Oppose Bernanke Reconfirmation"
2882:
2635:
2227:Phillips, Michael M. (February 14, 2009).
1460:exercise that will be accomplished by the
845:Academic and government career (1979–2006)
42:
4525:Learn how and when to remove this message
4164:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
4141:"Bernanke Falls Victim to Identify Theft"
3948:
3831:
2903:
2571:
2569:
2419:"60 Minutes Video – 60 Minutes, 06.07.09"
2293:
1052:Merrill Lynch merger with Bank of America
1034:Controversies as Federal Reserve Chairman
749:. Since Dillon High School did not offer
544:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences
379:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences
234:June 21, 2005 – January 31, 2006
8261:/ Ella Watson-Stryker / Foday Gollah /
4424:
4216:"Columbia Business School Annual Dinner"
4043:
3803:
3106:"Release: Sanders Puts Hold on Bernanke"
2763:
2729:
2253:(New York: Crown Business, 2009), p. 69.
2213:
1929:
1860:
1848:
1829:
1744:
1654:
1505:
1348:
1141:
989:
955:
910:
848:
614:
9394:George W. Bush administration personnel
4351:
4159:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter B"
4082:Grunwald, Michael (December 16, 2009).
3981:
3894:"Bernanke Says U.S. Should Tackle Debt"
3631:. US Federal Reserve Bank. March 2005.
3465:
3353:
3211:
3209:
2929:
2906:"Fed Chief Calls His Remarks A Mistake"
2578:"Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke"
2198:
2094:Andrews, Edmund L. (October 24, 2005).
2093:
1707:C.V. Starr Center for Applied Economics
1546:reported that Bernanke was a victim of
1226:Bernanke has cited Milton Friedman and
1162:, Vice Chairman of the Federal Reserve.
14:
9346:
5470:Monetary Policy Report to the Congress
4385:Lowenstein, Roger (January 20, 2008).
4258:Michael Grunwald (December 16, 2009).
3982:Scherer, Michael (February 23, 2009).
3695:"Bernanke Celebrates Fed Achievements"
3655:"Larry Summers in The Financial Times"
3621:
3489:from the original on December 31, 2009
2930:Andrews, Edmund L. (August 24, 2009).
2883:Lowenstein, Roger (January 20, 2008).
2764:Bernanke, Benjamin Shalom (May 1979).
2566:
2528:from the original on February 13, 2010
2379:The Times/Ellis Island Legacy Keepsake
2357:The Times/Ellis Island Legacy Keepsake
1154:and others after being sworn into the
994:Bernanke answers questions in 2013 at
185:July 31, 2002 – June 21, 2005
9062:
8381:
7306:
6438:
6209:
5763:Unfair or Deceptive Acts or Practices
5353:
4842:
4829:
4664:
4365:"B. Bernanke's speech to M. Friedman"
4115:
4113:
4099:Steinberg, Dan {September 27, 2012}.
3949:Samuelson, Robert J. (May 23, 2009).
3609:from the original on February 4, 2010
3554:from the original on January 13, 2010
3445:"B. Bernanke's speech to M. Friedman"
3379:
3243:"Janet Yellen Confirmed as Fed Chair"
3186:
3168:from the original on February 3, 2010
3142:from the original on January 25, 2010
3112:from the original on February 3, 2010
3086:from the original on January 25, 2010
3029:from the original on February 4, 2010
2968:from the original on February 4, 2010
2730:Grynbaum, Michael M. (June 5, 2008).
2275:from the original on January 20, 2010
2201:"Ben Bernanke's 'The Courage to Act'"
1568:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1315:below what it had done. For example,
811:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
364:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
9474:National Bureau of Economic Research
7738:The Generation Twenty-Five and Under
6178:Monetary policy of the United States
5757:Emergency Economic Stabilization Act
5714:Northeast Bancorp v. Federal Reserve
5687:Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act
4584:"A Crash Course for Central Bankers"
4469:
4358:. Scribner, Armstrong & Company.
4151:
3668:David Leonhardt (January 30, 2008).
3261:
3255:
3215:
3206:
2609:Johnston, Danny (October 24, 2005).
2199:Kinsley, Michael (October 8, 2013).
2162:. Associated Press. October 9, 2013.
2008:
2006:
2004:
1553:
1323:under President Obama, wrote in the
1184:National Bureau of Economic Research
863:Stanford Graduate School of Business
5465:Federal Reserve Statistical Release
4025:from the original on April 12, 2010
3963:from the original on April 18, 2010
3904:from the original on April 12, 2010
3354:Paletta, Damian (October 9, 2014).
3337:"Is Bernanke Hiding A Smoking Gun?"
2732:"At Harvard, They Hail a Fed Chief"
2677:
2563:, New York: Crown Business, p. 70.
2329:. December 16, 2009. Archived from
2294:Kirchhoff, Sue (January 31, 2006).
2287:
1535:Montgomery Township School District
1272:He referred to a statement made by
1205:theory of the Great Depression was
926:Financial Stability Oversight Board
884:Bernanke served as a member of the
761:. He also was a contestant in the
24:
9504:People from Dillon, South Carolina
9424:Fellows of the Econometric Society
5751:Subprime mortgage crisis responses
4719:Federal Reserve Board of Governors
4691:Federal Reserve Board of Governors
4449:"The New Tools of Monetary Policy"
4402:
4171:from the original on July 25, 2011
4110:
3804:Phillips, Matt (October 6, 2015).
3635:from the original on June 14, 2009
3475:Penn Bullock (November 17, 2009).
3400:"Economist Rankings - IDEAS/RePEc"
3262:Chan, Sewell (December 11, 2010).
2576:Romero, Frances (March 16, 2009).
2465:John M. Broder (August 20, 2007).
2012:
1105:has disclosed documents providing
1056:In a letter to Congress from then-
917:House Financial Services Committee
642:The Bernankes were one of the few
527:, for which he was named the 2009
130:Federal Reserve Board of Governors
25:
9540:
5816:Commercial Paper Funding Facility
5769:Commercial Paper Funding Facility
4564:collected news and commentary at
4465:
4121:'Is Ben Bernanke Having Fun Yet?"
4101:"Ben Bernanke is a huge Nats fan"
3892:Hilsenrath, Jon (April 7, 2010).
3832:Leonhardt, David (May 17, 2022).
3216:Chan, Sewell (January 28, 2010).
3164:. U.S. Senate. January 28, 2010.
3074:Chan, Sewell (January 22, 2010).
3016:
2998:from the original on June 7, 2011
2001:
1849:Bernanke, Ben S. (October 2015).
1830:Bernanke, Ben S. (October 2015).
1296:In 2005 Bernanke coined the term
1137:
588:as chairman of the United States
9374:American Economic Review editors
9369:21st-century American economists
9364:20th-century American economists
6416:
6153:Criticism of the Federal Reserve
5727:Expedited Funds Availability Act
5443:
4474:
4369:The Great Contraction, 1929-1933
4044:Bernanke, Ben S. (May 1, 2023).
3449:The Great Contraction, 1929-1933
3380:Irwin, Neil (October 10, 2014).
3187:Irwin, Neil (January 28, 2010).
2904:Henderson, Nell (May 24, 2006).
2683:White, Ben (November 15, 2005).
2636:White, Ben (November 15, 2005).
1789:(6th ed.). Addison–Wesley.
1501:
1437:, particularly by reforming the
1121:
469:
389:
8489:Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich
5621:U.S. Treasury Department Accord
4738:Chairman of the Federal Reserve
4387:"The Education of Ben Bernanke"
4307:
4290:"Frontiers of Knowledge Awards"
4282:
4251:
4243:. March 2, 2009. Archived from
4229:
4208:
4183:
4132:
4093:
4076:
4037:
4006:
3975:
3942:
3916:
3885:
3872:
3859:
3825:
3797:
3771:
3745:
3719:
3705:
3687:
3661:
3647:
3566:
3540:
3527:
3508:anna schwartz (July 25, 2009).
3501:
3436:
3424:
3410:
3392:
3373:
3347:
3335:Grim, Ryan (January 27, 2010),
3329:
3320:
3288:
3264:"The Fed? Ron Paul's Not a Fan"
3235:
3180:
3154:
3124:
3098:
3041:
3010:
2980:
2949:
2923:
2897:
2885:"The Education of Ben Bernanke"
2850:
2806:
2792:
2757:
2723:
2655:
2629:
2602:
2553:
2540:
2510:
2484:
2458:
2433:
2411:
2389:
2367:
2345:
2243:
2192:
2166:
1851:"Notes from The Courage to Act"
1648:
1531:Montgomery Township, New Jersey
1477:, or some combination of both.
1058:New York State Attorney General
915:Bernanke testifying before the
513:chairman of the Federal Reserve
57:Chairman of the Federal Reserve
9494:Obama administration personnel
9414:Economists from South Carolina
6427:indicates acting officeholders
5823:Corner Post v. Federal Reserve
5775:Primary Dealer Credit Facility
4868:
2816:. Norton & Company. p. 10.
2148:
2123:
2087:
2061:
1979:
1968:, October 24, 2005; see also "
1954:
1923:
1907:List of Jewish Nobel laureates
1902:2008–2009 Keynesian resurgence
1887:Causes of the Great Depression
1865:. W. W. Norton & Company.
1834:. W. W. Norton & Company.
1749:. Princeton University Press.
1747:Essays on the Great Depression
1730:. Princeton University Press.
1581:American Philosophical Society
1480:
1371:American Economics Association
1090:
985:
692:
27:American economist (born 1953)
13:
1:
9399:Chairs of the Federal Reserve
5412:Federal Open Market Committee
4804:American Economic Association
4336:
4107:. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
3537:, 73 (June 1983), pp. 257–76.
1989:. Brookings. February 3, 2014
1930:Bernanke, Ben Shalom (1979).
1861:Bernanke, Ben S. (May 2022).
1856:. W. W. Norton & Company.
1433:Bernanke favors reducing the
1309:Federal Open Market Committee
930:Troubled Asset Relief Program
809:degree in economics from the
9519:Princeton University faculty
9499:People from Augusta, Georgia
9489:Nobel laureates in Economics
9389:Brookings Institution people
5782:Bloomberg v. Federal Reserve
5681:Electronic Fund Transfer Act
5663:Home Mortgage Disclosure Act
5657:Equal Credit Opportunity Act
5545:National Monetary Commission
4771:Council of Economic Advisers
4627:George Washington University
3715:. Fox News. October 6, 2014.
3162:"U.S. Senate Roll Call Vote"
2958:"Calm in Crisis Won Fed Job"
2847:. Retrieved January 31, 2010
1917:
1811:Principles of Macroeconomics
1627:National Academy of Sciences
745:and played saxophone in the
732:
582:Council of Economic Advisers
222:Council of Economic Advisers
7:
9484:New York University faculty
4573:Bernanke Papers and Sources
4392:The New York Times Magazine
3605:. US Federal Reserve Bank.
2890:The New York Times Magazine
2321:"Person of the Year (2009)"
1880:
1807:; Bernanke, Ben S. (2007).
1618:In 2020 he was awarded the
1613:magazine person of the year
772:in 1971, where he lived in
708:
661:Jonas Bernanke was born in
10:
9545:
9439:Jewish American economists
9409:Economists from New Jersey
9180:Center for Civil Liberties
8481:Friedrich August von Hayek
7599:Hungarian Freedom Fighters
5978:Vice Chair for Supervision
5675:Federal Reserve Reform Act
5669:Community Reinvestment Act
4431:W. W. Norton & Company
3670:"Bernanke's Midterm Tests"
3023:Investment Dealers' Digest
1974:George W. Bush White House
1640:, he was awarded the 2022
1608:In 2009, he was named the
1252:2007–2008 financial crisis
1168:London School of Economics
1116:2007–2008 financial crisis
1040:2007–2008 financial crisis
966:2007–2008 financial crisis
963:
952:2007–2008 financial crisis
792:degree, and later with an
763:1965 National Spelling Bee
725:took him to Brookline for
627:. His father Philip was a
525:2007–2008 financial crisis
9280:
9244:
9220:
9189:
9153:
9129:
9098:
8879:Christopher A. Pissarides
8753:
8502:
8419:
8119:
7885:
7550:
7540:The American Fighting-Man
7343:
7145:
6978:
6817:
6730:Oliver M. W. Sprague
6656:
6519:
6472:
6425:
6414:
6243:
6140:
6007:
5942:
5833:
5693:International Banking Act
5523:
5478:
5452:
5441:
5435:Federal Reserve Bank Note
5420:
5387:
5323:
5160:
5012:
4894:
4878:
4836:
4831:Links to related articles
4810:
4800:
4792:
4787:
4777:
4767:
4759:
4754:
4744:
4735:
4725:
4715:
4707:
4697:
4687:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4447:Bernanke, Ben S. (2020).
4425:Bernanke, Ben S. (2015).
4260:"Person of the Year 2009"
2812:Krugman, Paul R. (2009).
1745:Bernanke, Ben S. (2004).
1345:After the Federal Reserve
1321:National Economic Council
1013:Obama confirmations, 2010
633:Charlotte, North Carolina
458:
454:
450:
440:
435:
425:
410:
405:
401:
397:
385:
374:
346:
338:
330:
317:
313:(2015 or earlier–present)
306:
279:
274:
270:
258:
246:
238:
227:
219:
207:
197:
189:
178:
166:
156:
146:
135:
127:
115:
103:
87:
73:
62:
54:
50:
41:
34:
9449:American macroeconomists
9379:American Nobel laureates
8257:: Dr. Jerry Brown / Dr.
5627:Bank Holding Company Act
4666:Offices and distinctions
4454:American Economic Review
4352:Bagehot, Walter (1873).
4050:American Economic Review
3535:American Economic Review
3477:"Bernanke's Philosopher"
2711:. May 9, 1965. p. 1
1682:American Economic Review
1657:American Economic Review
1603:Ben Bernanke Interchange
1588:Columbia Business School
1495:External Finance Premium
1188:American Economic Review
869:and went on to become a
637:Berklee College of Music
326:(before 2015 or earlier)
9529:Time Person of the Year
7755:The Apollo 8 Astronauts
7046:Charles P. Kindleberger
6784:Emanuel A. Goldenweiser
5230:Stephany Griffith-Jones
4651:March 31, 2012, at the
4638:March 27, 2012, at the
3898:The Wall Street Journal
3360:The Wall Street Journal
2962:The Wall Street Journal
2237:Dow Jones & Company
2233:The Wall Street Journal
1543:The Wall Street Journal
1290:The Wall Street Journal
1081:Material Adverse Change
879:Department of Economics
861:Bernanke taught at the
805:in 1975. He received a
569:, and first discussed "
540:Department of Economics
9479:New Jersey Republicans
9444:Jewish Nobel laureates
9434:Identity theft victims
9429:Harvard College alumni
9286:Nobel Prize recipients
9222:Physiology or Medicine
7714:Martin Luther King Jr.
6951:John Kenneth Galbraith
5745:Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act
5616:Employment Act of 1946
5381:Federal Reserve System
5042:John Kenneth Galbraith
4411:(September 21, 2009).
4062:10.1257/aer.113.5.1143
3579:March 4, 2009, at the
2559:Wessel, David (2009),
1511:
1366:
1224:
1213:'s having reduced the
1186:and the editor of the
1163:
1146:With his predecessor,
999:
961:
920:
858:
759:National Merit Scholar
625:Dillon, South Carolina
8600:James M. Buchanan Jr.
8171:The Good Samaritans:
7468:Franklin D. Roosevelt
7408:Franklin D. Roosevelt
7392:Franklin D. Roosevelt
6173:Lender of last resort
5849:William P. G. Harding
5651:Smithsonian Agreement
5581:Emergency Banking Act
5407:Federal Reserve Banks
4608:July 8, 2014, at the
4589:July 8, 2014, at the
2524:. November 18, 2005.
1601:in Dillon County the
1599:Interstate Highway 95
1574:Order of the Palmetto
1510:Ben and Anna Bernanke
1509:
1403:as a senior advisor.
1386:Brookings Institution
1352:
1240:financial accelerator
1220:
1160:Roger W. Ferguson Jr.
1145:
993:
964:Further information:
959:
914:
852:
741:, where he was class
703:Hamer, South Carolina
619:Bernanke was born in
615:Early life and family
600:on February 3, 2014.
517:Brookings Institution
220:23rd Chairman of the
9120:Karl Barry Sharpless
8863:Oliver E. Williamson
8493:Tjalling C. Koopmans
8288:The Silence Breakers
8155:The American Soldier
8136:The Whistleblowers:
7994:The Endangered Earth
7776:The Middle Americans
7730:William Westmoreland
7623:Dwight D. Eisenhower
7492:Dwight D. Eisenhower
7004:Tjalling C. Koopmans
6617:Herbert J. Davenport
6527:Edwin R. A. Seligman
5855:Daniel R. Crissinger
5739:FDIC Improvement Act
5639:Truth in Lending Act
5610:Bretton Woods system
5539:Aldrich–Vreeland Act
5430:Federal Reserve Note
5132:Pavlina R. Tcherneva
4684:Edward W. Kelley Jr.
4495:improve this article
4270:on December 18, 2009
4195:search.amphilsoc.org
4191:"APS Member History"
3994:on February 25, 2009
3657:. November 27, 2007.
3510:"Man Without a Plan"
3138:. January 21, 2010.
3108:. December 2, 2009.
2994:. January 24, 2010.
2839:(October 26, 2005),
2638:"Bernanke Unwrapped"
2385:on December 5, 2008.
2363:on December 5, 2008.
2178:The Associated Press
1781:; Bernanke, Ben S.;
1720:Mishkin, Frederic S.
1520:Washington Nationals
1446:entitlement programs
1361:, Ben Bernanke, and
1353:From left to right:
1030:on January 6, 2014.
1028:United States Senate
978:, the Fed initiated
875:Princeton University
571:the Great Moderation
536:Princeton University
203:Edward W. Kelley Jr.
9469:Monetary economists
8891:Christopher A. Sims
8819:Thomas C. Schelling
8791:Robert F. Engle III
8692:Robert E. Lucas Jr.
8540:Theodore W. Schultz
8353:Volodymyr Zelenskyy
7337:Persons of the Year
7219:Christopher A. Sims
7118:Arnold C. Harberger
7082:Thomas C. Schelling
7040:Charles L. Schultze
6927:Kenneth E. Boulding
6879:Theodore W. Schultz
5605:Banking Act of 1935
5551:Federal Reserve Act
5337:Keynesian economics
4886:John Maynard Keynes
4677:Government offices
4599:, September 1, 2000
4507:footnote references
4315:"2021 NAS Election"
4105:The Washington Post
3929:The Washington Post
3699:The Washington Post
3054:The Washington Post
2992:The Huffington Post
2910:The Washington Post
2864:on January 24, 2010
2835:; Porter, Eduardo;
2708:The Greenville News
2690:The Washington Post
2642:The Washington Post
2498:. December 16, 2009
1561:Econometric Society
1475:government spending
1435:U.S. budget deficit
1369:In a speech at the
1098:The Huffington Post
980:quantitative easing
972:funds interest rate
867:New York University
699:South of the Border
523:'s response to the
465:Ben Shalom Bernanke
406:Academic background
284:Ben Shalom Bernanke
8807:Edward C. Prescott
8795:Clive W.J. Granger
8771:Joseph E. Stiglitz
8744:Daniel L. McFadden
8632:Harry M. Markowitz
7918:Ayatollah Khomeini
7583:John Foster Dulles
6933:William J. Fellner
6909:Joseph J. Spengler
6897:Gottfried Haberler
6867:George W. Stocking
6861:Morris A. Copeland
6748:Frederick C. Mills
6688:Matthew B. Hammond
6641:Wesley C. Mitchell
6623:Jacob H. Hollander
6008:Current presidents
5989:Christopher Waller
5879:Marriner S. Eccles
5593:Glass–Steagall Act
5503:Federal funds rate
5037:James K. Galbraith
4974:Arthur Melvin Okun
4755:Political offices
4616:, November 1, 2003
4567:The New York Times
4247:on March 17, 2012.
4126:The New York Times
4019:The New York Times
3878:Bernanke, Ben S.,
3865:Bernanke, Ben S.,
3838:The New York Times
3758:The New York Times
3701:. January 3, 2014.
3674:The New York Times
3514:The New York Times
3386:The New York Times
3276:on August 15, 2018
3269:The New York Times
3251:. January 6, 2014.
3193:The New York Times
3080:The New York Times
2936:The New York Times
2845:The New York Times
2829:Andrews, Edmund L.
2736:The New York Times
2685:Bernanke Unwrapped
2617:. Associated Press
2471:The New York Times
2375:"Pauline Bernanke"
2206:The New York Times
2180:. February 3, 2014
2101:The New York Times
2075:. October 10, 2022
2049:. October 10, 2022
2013:Amadeo, Kimberly.
1714:Bernanke, Ben S.;
1676:Bernanke, Ben S.;
1634:Douglas W. Diamond
1512:
1408:The Courage to Act
1406:In his 2015 book,
1397:Kenneth C. Griffin
1367:
1338:The New York Times
1313:federal funds rate
1232:The New York Times
1164:
1132:The New York Times
1045:The New York Times
1000:
962:
928:that oversees the
921:
859:
739:Dillon High School
605:The Courage to Act
532:Person of the Year
351:Harvard University
9341:
9340:
9335:
9334:
9246:Economic Sciences
9056:
9055:
8955:Richard H. Thaler
8919:Robert J. Shiller
8915:Lars Peter Hansen
8887:Thomas J. Sargent
8875:Dale T. Mortensen
8767:A. Michael Spence
8763:George A. Akerlof
8732:Robert A. Mundell
8700:James A. Mirrlees
8668:Douglass C. North
8640:William F. Sharpe
8592:Franco Modigliani
8568:George J. Stigler
8552:Lawrence R. Klein
8441:Paul A. Samuelson
8375:
8374:
8357:Spirit of Ukraine
8057:Pope John Paul II
8034:The Peacemakers:
8010:George H. W. Bush
8002:Mikhail Gorbachev
7986:Mikhail Gorbachev
7830:Susan Brownmiller
7746:Lyndon B. Johnson
7722:Lyndon B. Johnson
7631:U.S. Scientists:
7615:Charles de Gaulle
7607:Nikita Khrushchev
7559:Mohammed Mosaddeq
7532:Winston Churchill
7460:Winston Churchill
7352:Charles Lindbergh
7300:
7299:
7255:Olivier Blanchard
7243:Robert J. Shiller
7213:Orley Ashenfelter
7189:Thomas J. Sargent
7136:Dale W. Jorgenson
7070:Joseph A. Pechman
7022:William J. Baumol
6992:Lawrence R. Klein
6986:Franco Modigliani
6903:George J. Stigler
6885:Paul A. Samuelson
6796:Joseph Schumpeter
6706:William Z. Ripley
6700:George E. Barnett
6664:Edwin W. Kemmerer
6587:Walter F. Willcox
6539:Jeremiah W. Jenks
6486:Charles F. Dunbar
6480:Francis A. Walker
6432:
6431:
6203:
6202:
6047:Loretta J. Mester
6037:Patrick T. Harker
5903:G. William Miller
5891:William M. Martin
5843:Charles S. Hamlin
5347:
5346:
5235:Nobuhiro Kiyotaki
5180:Olivier Blanchard
5137:Anthony Thirlwall
4964:Franco Modigliani
4914:James Duesenberry
4823:
4822:
4818:
4817:
4811:Succeeded by
4802:President of the
4796:Olivier Blanchard
4788:Academic offices
4778:Succeeded by
4745:Succeeded by
4726:Succeeded by
4698:Succeeded by
4612:by Ben Bernanke,
4603:"Downside Danger"
4593:by Ben Bernanke,
4535:
4534:
4527:
4409:Stewart, James B.
4378:978-0-691-13794-0
4345:New Straits Times
4319:www.nasonline.org
4294:Premios Fronteras
3458:978-0-691-13794-0
3222:Houston Chronicle
2858:"Ben S. Bernanke"
2673:on June 12, 2010.
2667:nationalmerit.org
2590:on March 18, 2009
2522:The Daily Forward
2333:on April 17, 2010
1892:Great Contraction
1841:978-0-393-24721-3
1822:978-0-07-336265-6
1796:978-0-321-41554-7
1554:Awards and honors
1207:Milton Friedman's
890:Bernanke doctrine
827:Rüdiger Dornbusch
768:Bernanke entered
681:, and arrived at
567:Bernanke doctrine
462:
461:
294:December 13, 1953
16:(Redirected from
9536:
9288:
9271:Philip H. Dybvig
9114:Morten P. Meldal
9108:Carolyn Bertozzi
9083:
9076:
9069:
9060:
9059:
9049:
9041:
9039:Philip H. Dybvig
9022:
9003:
9001:Robert B. Wilson
8988:
8978:Abhijit Banerjee
8969:
8963:William Nordhaus
8957:
8949:
8937:
8929:
8921:
8905:
8903:Lloyd S. Shapley
8893:
8881:
8871:Peter A. Diamond
8865:
8853:
8845:
8843:Roger B. Myerson
8829:
8827:Edmund S. Phelps
8821:
8815:Robert J. Aumann
8809:
8797:
8785:
8773:
8746:
8740:James J. Heckman
8734:
8726:
8718:
8716:Myron S. Scholes
8712:Robert C. Merton
8706:
8694:
8686:
8680:John F. Nash Jr.
8676:John C. Harsanyi
8670:
8658:
8650:
8642:
8636:Merton H. Miller
8626:
8618:
8610:
8602:
8594:
8586:
8578:
8570:
8562:
8554:
8546:
8544:Sir Arthur Lewis
8534:
8532:Herbert A. Simon
8526:
8514:
8495:
8483:
8471:
8469:Wassily Leontief
8463:
8461:Kenneth J. Arrow
8451:
8443:
8435:
8402:
8395:
8388:
8379:
8378:
8368:
8360:
8348:
8340:
8328:
8320:
8318:
8291:
8283:
8275:
8267:
8265:
8249:
8241:
8233:
8225:
8217:
8209:
8201:
8193:
8185:
8183:
8166:
8158:
8150:
8148:
8131:
8128:Rudolph Giuliani
8112:
8104:
8096:
8084:
8076:
8068:
8060:
8052:
8050:
8029:
8021:
8013:
8005:
7997:
7989:
7981:
7973:
7965:
7957:
7945:
7937:
7929:
7921:
7913:
7905:
7897:
7878:
7876:
7862:Billie Jean King
7828:American Women:
7823:
7815:
7807:
7795:
7787:
7779:
7771:
7769:
7749:
7741:
7733:
7725:
7717:
7709:
7701:
7693:
7691:
7673:William Shockley
7649:Joshua Lederberg
7645:Donald A. Glaser
7626:
7618:
7610:
7602:
7594:
7586:
7578:
7570:
7562:
7543:
7535:
7527:
7519:
7511:
7503:
7495:
7487:
7479:
7471:
7463:
7455:
7447:
7439:
7427:
7419:
7411:
7403:
7395:
7387:
7379:
7371:
7363:
7355:
7327:
7320:
7313:
7304:
7303:
7231:William Nordhaus
7171:Martin Feldstein
7159:Robert Lucas Jr.
7016:Moses Abramovitz
6963:Walter W. Heller
6957:Kenneth J. Arrow
6939:Wassily Leontief
6837:Calvin B. Hoover
6825:John H. Williams
6724:Alvin S. Johnson
6694:Ernest L. Bogart
6611:Henry B. Gardner
6593:Thomas N. Carver
6504:Arthur T. Hadley
6459:
6452:
6445:
6436:
6435:
6420:
6230:
6223:
6216:
6207:
6206:
5964:Philip Jefferson
5885:Thomas B. McCabe
5810:Durbin amendment
5599:Gold Reserve Act
5447:
5446:
5374:
5367:
5360:
5351:
5350:
5335:
5310:Michael Woodford
5300:Lawrence Summers
5255:Maurice Obstfeld
5225:Robert J. Gordon
5147:Sidney Weintraub
5127:G. L. S. Shackle
4863:
4856:
4849:
4840:
4839:
4827:
4826:
4793:Preceded by
4769:Chairman of the
4760:Preceded by
4708:Preceded by
4682:Preceded by
4674:
4673:
4662:
4661:
4530:
4523:
4519:
4516:
4510:
4478:
4477:
4470:
4444:
4382:
4359:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4321:. April 26, 2021
4311:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4266:. Archived from
4255:
4249:
4248:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4170:
4163:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4136:
4130:
4117:
4108:
4097:
4091:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4056:(5): 1143–1169.
4041:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4010:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3990:. Archived from
3979:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3920:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3889:
3883:
3876:
3870:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3785:. April 29, 2015
3775:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3749:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3651:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3599:
3588:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3544:
3538:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3472:
3463:
3462:
3440:
3434:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3351:
3345:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3307:
3301:. Archived from
3300:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3272:. Archived from
3259:
3253:
3252:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3213:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2854:
2848:
2837:Uchitelle, Louis
2833:Leonhardt, David
2826:
2817:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2779:
2772:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2699:
2693:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2669:. Archived from
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2586:. Archived from
2573:
2564:
2557:
2551:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2353:"Jonas Bernanke"
2349:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2265:
2254:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2224:
2211:
2210:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2039:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2010:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1983:
1977:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1938:
1927:
1876:
1857:
1855:
1845:
1826:
1814:
1805:Frank, Robert H.
1800:
1760:
1741:
1710:
1697:
1678:Blinder, Alan S.
1672:
1638:Philip H. Dybvig
1487:Philip H. Dybvig
1267:market liquidity
1199:Great Depression
1108:
1005:Great Depression
998:press conference
976:liquidity crisis
897:Great Moderation
784:, and graduated
621:Augusta, Georgia
609:Great Depression
556:Great Depression
552:Philip H. Dybvig
538:and chaired the
507:
501:
500:
497:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
426:Doctoral advisor
393:
300:Augusta, Georgia
297:
293:
291:
275:Personal details
261:
249:
232:
210:
200:
183:
169:
159:
140:
118:
106:
67:
46:
32:
31:
21:
9544:
9543:
9539:
9538:
9537:
9535:
9534:
9533:
9344:
9343:
9342:
9337:
9336:
9331:
9284:
9276:
9273:(United States)
9267:(United States)
9265:Douglas Diamond
9261:(United States)
9240:
9216:
9211:Anton Zeilinger
9207:(United States)
9185:
9168:Ales Bialiatski
9149:
9125:
9122:(United States)
9110:(United States)
9094:
9087:
9057:
9052:
9044:
9035:Douglas Diamond
9025:
9006:
8991:
8972:
8960:
8952:
8947:Bengt Holmström
8940:
8932:
8924:
8908:
8896:
8884:
8868:
8856:
8848:
8832:
8824:
8812:
8803:Finn E. Kydland
8800:
8788:
8783:Vernon L. Smith
8779:Daniel Kahneman
8776:
8760:
8749:
8737:
8729:
8721:
8709:
8704:William Vickrey
8697:
8689:
8684:Reinhard Selten
8673:
8664:Robert W. Fogel
8661:
8653:
8648:Ronald H. Coase
8645:
8629:
8624:Trygve Haavelmo
8621:
8613:
8608:Robert M. Solow
8605:
8597:
8589:
8581:
8573:
8565:
8557:
8549:
8537:
8529:
8517:
8512:Milton Friedman
8509:
8498:
8486:
8474:
8466:
8454:
8446:
8438:
8426:
8415:
8406:
8376:
8371:
8363:
8351:
8343:
8331:
8323:
8298:Jamal Khashoggi
8296:The Guardians:
8295:
8294:
8286:
8278:
8270:
8253:
8252:
8244:
8236:
8228:
8222:Mark Zuckerberg
8220:
8212:
8204:
8196:
8188:
8170:
8169:
8161:
8153:
8146:Sherron Watkins
8135:
8134:
8126:
8115:
8107:
8099:
8087:
8079:
8071:
8063:
8055:
8033:
8032:
8024:
8016:
8008:
8000:
7992:
7984:
7976:
7968:
7962:Peter Ueberroth
7960:
7948:
7940:
7932:
7924:
7916:
7908:
7900:
7892:
7881:
7834:Kathleen Byerly
7827:
7826:
7818:
7810:
7800:Henry Kissinger
7798:
7790:
7782:
7774:
7753:
7752:
7744:
7736:
7728:
7720:
7712:
7706:Pope John XXIII
7704:
7698:John F. Kennedy
7696:
7689:Robert Woodward
7685:James Van Allen
7630:
7629:
7621:
7613:
7605:
7597:
7589:
7581:
7575:Konrad Adenauer
7573:
7565:
7557:
7546:
7538:
7530:
7524:Harry S. Truman
7522:
7516:George Marshall
7514:
7508:James F. Byrnes
7506:
7500:Harry S. Truman
7498:
7490:
7484:George Marshall
7482:
7474:
7466:
7458:
7450:
7442:
7432:Chiang Kai-shek
7430:
7422:
7414:
7406:
7400:Hugh S. Johnson
7398:
7390:
7382:
7376:Mohandas Gandhi
7374:
7366:
7360:Walter Chrysler
7358:
7350:
7339:
7331:
7301:
7296:
7279:Christina Romer
7177:Daniel McFadden
7141:
7130:D. Gale Johnson
7124:Robert W. Fogel
7112:Anne O. Krueger
7106:Victor R. Fuchs
7088:William Vickrey
7052:Alice M. Rivlin
7034:W. Arthur Lewis
7010:Robert M. Solow
6974:
6969:R. Aaron Gordon
6921:Milton Friedman
6891:Edward S. Mason
6873:Arthur F. Burns
6831:Harold A. Innis
6813:
6802:Howard S. Ellis
6778:I. Leo Sharfman
6772:Joseph S. Davis
6766:Albert B. Wolfe
6760:Edwin G. Nourse
6754:Sumner Slichter
6712:Harry A. Millis
6670:Thomas S. Adams
6652:
6629:Henry R. Seager
6599:John R. Commons
6569:Frank A. Fetter
6563:Henry W. Farnam
6557:Edmund J. James
6545:Simon N. Patten
6515:
6468:
6463:
6433:
6428:
6421:
6412:
6239:
6234:
6204:
6199:
6136:
6087:Alberto Musalem
6077:Austan Goolsbee
6009:
6003:
5984:Michelle Bowman
5945:
5938:
5897:Arthur F. Burns
5873:Eugene R. Black
5829:
5527:
5519:
5486:Discount window
5474:
5448:
5444:
5439:
5416:
5383:
5378:
5348:
5343:
5342:
5341:
5340:
5339:
5332:
5319:
5295:Joseph Stiglitz
5290:Andrei Shleifer
5280:Julio Rotemberg
5210:Stanley Fischer
5195:Richard Clarida
5190:Guillermo Calvo
5156:
5152:L. Randall Wray
5142:William Vickrey
5117:Steven Pressman
5072:Nicholas Kaldor
5052:Myron J. Gordon
5014:Post-Keynesians
5008:
4924:Trygve Haavelmo
4890:
4874:
4867:
4832:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4807:
4798:
4783:
4774:
4765:
4750:
4741:
4731:
4729:Stanley Fischer
4722:
4713:
4703:
4694:
4685:
4667:
4653:Wayback Machine
4640:Wayback Machine
4610:Wayback Machine
4591:Wayback Machine
4531:
4520:
4514:
4511:
4492:
4483:This article's
4479:
4475:
4468:
4441:
4405:
4403:Further reading
4379:
4339:
4334:
4324:
4322:
4313:
4312:
4308:
4298:
4296:
4288:
4287:
4283:
4273:
4271:
4256:
4252:
4235:
4234:
4230:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4213:
4209:
4199:
4197:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4174:
4172:
4168:
4161:
4157:
4156:
4152:
4137:
4133:
4118:
4111:
4098:
4094:
4081:
4077:
4042:
4038:
4028:
4026:
4011:
4007:
3997:
3995:
3980:
3976:
3966:
3964:
3947:
3943:
3933:
3931:
3921:
3917:
3907:
3905:
3890:
3886:
3877:
3873:
3864:
3860:
3850:
3848:
3830:
3826:
3816:
3814:
3802:
3798:
3788:
3786:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3762:
3760:
3750:
3746:
3736:
3734:
3724:
3720:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3678:
3676:
3666:
3662:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3638:
3636:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3612:
3610:
3601:
3600:
3591:
3581:Wayback Machine
3571:
3567:
3557:
3555:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3532:
3528:
3518:
3516:
3506:
3502:
3492:
3490:
3473:
3466:
3459:
3441:
3437:
3429:
3425:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3404:ideas.repec.org
3398:
3397:
3393:
3378:
3374:
3364:
3362:
3352:
3348:
3334:
3330:
3325:
3321:
3311:
3309:
3308:on May 20, 2009
3305:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3279:
3277:
3260:
3256:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3226:
3224:
3214:
3207:
3197:
3195:
3185:
3181:
3171:
3169:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3145:
3143:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3115:
3113:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3089:
3087:
3072:
3068:
3058:
3056:
3046:
3042:
3032:
3030:
3017:Sloan, Steven.
3015:
3011:
3001:
2999:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2954:
2950:
2940:
2938:
2928:
2924:
2914:
2912:
2902:
2898:
2881:
2877:
2867:
2865:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2827:
2820:
2811:
2807:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2783:
2781:
2780:on May 30, 2008
2777:
2770:
2762:
2758:
2748:
2746:
2728:
2724:
2714:
2712:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2682:
2678:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2646:
2644:
2634:
2630:
2620:
2618:
2607:
2603:
2593:
2591:
2574:
2567:
2558:
2554:
2546:Wessel, David.
2545:
2541:
2531:
2529:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2501:
2499:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2475:
2473:
2463:
2459:
2449:
2447:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2424:
2422:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2402:
2400:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2336:
2334:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2304:
2302:
2292:
2288:
2278:
2276:
2267:
2266:
2257:
2249:Wessel, David.
2248:
2244:
2225:
2214:
2197:
2193:
2183:
2181:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2139:
2137:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2112:
2092:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2041:
2040:
2033:
2023:
2021:
2011:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1976:, January 2009)
1959:
1955:
1945:
1943:
1936:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1883:
1873:
1853:
1842:
1823:
1815:. McGraw–Hill.
1797:
1783:Croushore, Dean
1779:Abel, Andrew B.
1761:
1757:
1738:
1716:Laubach, Thomas
1651:
1556:
1504:
1491:Douglas Diamond
1483:
1439:Social Security
1431:
1419:Federal Reserve
1347:
1334:David Leonhardt
1326:Financial Times
1311:) to lower the
1278:helicopter drop
1276:about using a "
1274:Milton Friedman
1211:Federal Reserve
1180:Robert H. Frank
1172:monetary theory
1156:Federal Reserve
1140:
1124:
1106:
1093:
1073:Bank of America
1054:
1042:. According to
1036:
988:
968:
954:
938:Maria Bartiromo
909:
847:
823:Stanley Fischer
802:summa cum laude
782:Lloyd Blankfein
770:Harvard College
735:
723:Kenneth Manning
711:
695:
669:(today part of
667:Austria-Hungary
617:
590:Federal Reserve
565:, proposed the
548:Douglas Diamond
546:, jointly with
521:Federal Reserve
505:
472:
468:
430:Stanley Fischer
362:
319:
318:Other political
307:Political party
298:
295:
289:
287:
286:
285:
259:
247:
233:
228:
208:
198:
184:
179:
173:Stanley Fischer
167:
157:
151:
141:
136:
116:
104:
98:
94:
80:
68:
63:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9542:
9532:
9531:
9526:
9521:
9516:
9511:
9506:
9501:
9496:
9491:
9486:
9481:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9441:
9436:
9431:
9426:
9421:
9416:
9411:
9406:
9401:
9396:
9391:
9386:
9381:
9376:
9371:
9366:
9361:
9356:
9339:
9338:
9333:
9332:
9330:
9329:
9324:
9319:
9314:
9309:
9304:
9299:
9294:
9289:
9281:
9278:
9277:
9275:
9274:
9268:
9262:
9255:
9253:
9242:
9241:
9239:
9238:
9231:
9229:
9218:
9217:
9215:
9214:
9208:
9202:
9195:
9193:
9187:
9186:
9184:
9183:
9177:
9171:
9164:
9162:
9151:
9150:
9148:
9147:
9140:
9138:
9127:
9126:
9124:
9123:
9117:
9111:
9104:
9102:
9096:
9095:
9086:
9085:
9078:
9071:
9063:
9054:
9053:
9051:
9050:
9047:Claudia Goldin
9042:
9023:
9016:Joshua Angrist
9004:
8989:
8986:Michael Kremer
8970:
8958:
8950:
8938:
8930:
8922:
8911:Eugene F. Fama
8906:
8894:
8882:
8866:
8854:
8846:
8839:Eric S. Maskin
8835:Leonid Hurwicz
8830:
8822:
8810:
8798:
8786:
8774:
8757:
8755:
8751:
8750:
8748:
8747:
8735:
8727:
8719:
8707:
8695:
8687:
8671:
8659:
8656:Gary S. Becker
8651:
8643:
8627:
8619:
8616:Maurice Allais
8611:
8603:
8595:
8587:
8579:
8571:
8563:
8555:
8547:
8535:
8527:
8524:James E. Meade
8515:
8506:
8504:
8500:
8499:
8497:
8496:
8484:
8472:
8464:
8452:
8444:
8436:
8423:
8421:
8417:
8416:
8405:
8404:
8397:
8390:
8382:
8373:
8372:
8370:
8369:
8361:
8349:
8341:
8329:
8325:Greta Thunberg
8321:
8292:
8284:
8276:
8268:
8255:Ebola Fighters
8250:
8242:
8234:
8226:
8218:
8210:
8202:
8198:Vladimir Putin
8194:
8186:
8167:
8163:George W. Bush
8159:
8151:
8138:Cynthia Cooper
8132:
8123:
8121:
8117:
8116:
8114:
8113:
8109:George W. Bush
8105:
8097:
8085:
8077:
8069:
8061:
8053:
8044:Nelson Mandela
8040:F. W. de Klerk
8030:
8022:
8014:
8006:
7998:
7990:
7982:
7978:Corazon Aquino
7974:
7966:
7958:
7946:
7938:
7930:
7922:
7914:
7906:
7898:
7889:
7887:
7883:
7882:
7880:
7879:
7858:Barbara Jordan
7824:
7816:
7808:
7796:
7788:
7780:
7772:
7759:William Anders
7750:
7742:
7734:
7726:
7718:
7710:
7702:
7694:
7681:Charles Townes
7661:Edward Purcell
7637:Charles Draper
7627:
7619:
7611:
7603:
7595:
7591:Harlow Curtice
7587:
7579:
7571:
7563:
7554:
7552:
7548:
7547:
7545:
7544:
7536:
7528:
7520:
7512:
7504:
7496:
7488:
7480:
7472:
7464:
7456:
7448:
7440:
7436:Soong Mei-ling
7428:
7424:Wallis Simpson
7420:
7416:Haile Selassie
7412:
7404:
7396:
7388:
7380:
7372:
7364:
7356:
7347:
7345:
7341:
7340:
7330:
7329:
7322:
7315:
7307:
7298:
7297:
7295:
7294:
7288:
7282:
7276:
7270:
7264:
7258:
7252:
7246:
7240:
7237:Richard Thaler
7234:
7228:
7225:Claudia Goldin
7222:
7216:
7210:
7204:
7198:
7192:
7186:
7183:George Akerlof
7180:
7174:
7168:
7162:
7156:
7149:
7147:
7143:
7142:
7140:
7139:
7133:
7127:
7121:
7115:
7109:
7103:
7097:
7091:
7085:
7079:
7073:
7067:
7061:
7058:Gary S. Becker
7055:
7049:
7043:
7037:
7031:
7028:Gardner Ackley
7025:
7019:
7013:
7007:
7001:
6998:Jacob Marschak
6995:
6989:
6982:
6980:
6976:
6975:
6973:
6972:
6966:
6960:
6954:
6948:
6942:
6936:
6930:
6924:
6918:
6912:
6906:
6900:
6894:
6888:
6882:
6876:
6870:
6864:
6858:
6855:Edwin E. Witte
6852:
6846:
6840:
6834:
6828:
6821:
6819:
6815:
6814:
6812:
6811:
6805:
6799:
6793:
6787:
6781:
6775:
6769:
6763:
6757:
6751:
6745:
6739:
6733:
6727:
6721:
6715:
6709:
6703:
6697:
6691:
6685:
6679:
6676:Fred M. Taylor
6673:
6667:
6660:
6658:
6654:
6653:
6651:
6650:
6647:Allyn A. Young
6644:
6638:
6632:
6626:
6620:
6614:
6608:
6602:
6596:
6590:
6584:
6578:
6572:
6566:
6560:
6554:
6551:Davis R. Dewey
6548:
6542:
6536:
6530:
6523:
6521:
6517:
6516:
6514:
6513:
6510:Richard T. Ely
6507:
6501:
6498:Henry C. Adams
6495:
6489:
6483:
6476:
6474:
6470:
6469:
6462:
6461:
6454:
6447:
6439:
6430:
6429:
6426:
6423:
6422:
6415:
6413:
6411:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6244:
6241:
6240:
6233:
6232:
6225:
6218:
6210:
6201:
6200:
6198:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6186:
6185:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6144:
6142:
6138:
6137:
6135:
6134:
6124:
6114:
6104:
6094:
6084:
6074:
6067:Raphael Bostic
6064:
6054:
6044:
6034:
6024:
6013:
6011:
6005:
6004:
6002:
6001:
5999:Adriana Kugler
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5971:
5961:
5950:
5948:
5940:
5939:
5937:
5936:
5935:(2018–present)
5930:
5924:
5918:
5915:Alan Greenspan
5912:
5906:
5900:
5894:
5888:
5882:
5876:
5870:
5864:
5858:
5852:
5846:
5839:
5837:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5819:
5813:
5806:Dodd–Frank Act
5803:
5797:
5791:
5786:
5778:
5772:
5766:
5760:
5754:
5748:
5742:
5736:
5730:
5724:
5718:
5710:
5702:
5696:
5690:
5684:
5678:
5672:
5666:
5660:
5654:
5648:
5642:
5636:
5635:(1961–present)
5630:
5624:
5618:
5613:
5607:
5602:
5596:
5590:
5584:
5578:
5572:
5566:
5560:
5554:
5548:
5542:
5535:
5533:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5517:
5515:Primary dealer
5512:
5511:
5510:
5508:Overnight rate
5500:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5456:
5454:
5450:
5449:
5442:
5440:
5438:
5437:
5432:
5426:
5424:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5377:
5376:
5369:
5362:
5354:
5345:
5344:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5305:John B. Taylor
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5285:Robert Shiller
5282:
5277:
5272:
5270:Kenneth Rogoff
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5170:George Akerlof
5166:
5164:
5162:New Keynesians
5158:
5157:
5155:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5097:Abba P. Lerner
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5077:Michał Kalecki
5074:
5069:
5064:
5062:Michael Hudson
5059:
5057:Geoff Harcourt
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5022:Victoria Chick
5018:
5016:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4994:Paul Samuelson
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4969:Robert Mundell
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4949:Lawrence Klein
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4909:William Baumol
4906:
4904:Gardner Ackley
4900:
4898:
4896:Neo-Keynesians
4892:
4891:
4889:
4888:
4882:
4880:
4876:
4875:
4872:
4866:
4865:
4858:
4851:
4843:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4821:
4820:
4816:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4799:
4794:
4790:
4789:
4785:
4784:
4779:
4776:
4766:
4761:
4757:
4756:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4743:
4733:
4732:
4727:
4724:
4717:Member of the
4714:
4711:Alan Greenspan
4709:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4696:
4689:Member of the
4686:
4683:
4679:
4678:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4659:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4643:
4623:
4617:
4614:Foreign Policy
4600:
4596:Foreign Policy
4581:
4576:
4570:
4559:
4550:
4541:
4533:
4532:
4487:external links
4482:
4480:
4473:
4467:
4466:External links
4464:
4463:
4462:
4445:
4440:978-0393247213
4439:
4422:
4418:The New Yorker
4404:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4396:
4383:
4377:
4360:
4349:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4306:
4281:
4250:
4228:
4207:
4182:
4150:
4131:
4119:Chan, Sewell.
4109:
4092:
4084:"Ben Bernanke"
4075:
4036:
4005:
3974:
3941:
3915:
3884:
3871:
3858:
3824:
3796:
3770:
3744:
3718:
3704:
3686:
3660:
3646:
3620:
3589:
3572:Brad DeLong. "
3565:
3539:
3526:
3500:
3464:
3457:
3435:
3423:
3409:
3391:
3372:
3346:
3328:
3319:
3287:
3254:
3234:
3205:
3179:
3153:
3123:
3097:
3082:. p. A1.
3066:
3040:
3009:
2979:
2948:
2922:
2896:
2875:
2849:
2818:
2805:
2791:
2756:
2722:
2694:
2676:
2654:
2628:
2601:
2565:
2552:
2539:
2509:
2496:Jewish Journal
2483:
2457:
2432:
2410:
2388:
2366:
2344:
2312:
2286:
2255:
2242:
2212:
2191:
2165:
2160:Mort Zuckerman
2147:
2122:
2086:
2060:
2047:nobelprize.org
2031:
2000:
1978:
1953:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1872:978-1324020462
1871:
1858:
1846:
1840:
1827:
1821:
1801:
1795:
1787:Macroeconomics
1775:
1755:
1742:
1736:
1724:Posen, Adam S.
1711:
1698:
1688:(4): 901–921.
1673:
1663:(3): 257–276.
1650:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1630:
1625:Member of the
1623:
1616:
1606:
1591:
1584:
1579:Member of the
1577:
1571:
1566:Fellow of the
1564:
1559:Fellow of the
1555:
1552:
1548:identity theft
1524:Nationals Park
1503:
1500:
1482:
1479:
1468:rather than a
1450:funding crisis
1430:
1427:
1423:New York Times
1365:, May 1, 2014.
1359:Alan Greenspan
1346:
1343:
1152:George W. Bush
1148:Alan Greenspan
1139:
1138:Economic views
1136:
1123:
1120:
1092:
1089:
1053:
1050:
1035:
1032:
987:
984:
953:
950:
908:
905:
903:January 2006.
846:
843:
839:Dale Jorgenson
819:Bank of Israel
786:Phi Beta Kappa
774:Winthrop House
734:
731:
710:
707:
694:
691:
616:
613:
586:Alan Greenspan
578:George W. Bush
460:
459:
456:
455:
452:
451:
448:
447:
445:Macroeconomics
442:
438:
437:
433:
432:
427:
423:
422:
414:
408:
407:
403:
402:
399:
398:
395:
394:
387:
383:
382:
376:
372:
371:
348:
344:
343:
340:
336:
335:
334:Anna Friedmann
332:
328:
327:
321:
315:
314:
308:
304:
303:
283:
281:
277:
276:
272:
271:
268:
267:
262:
256:
255:
250:
244:
243:
242:George W. Bush
240:
236:
235:
225:
224:
217:
216:
211:
205:
204:
201:
195:
194:
193:George W. Bush
191:
187:
186:
176:
175:
170:
164:
163:
162:Alan Greenspan
160:
154:
153:
150:George W. Bush
148:
144:
143:
133:
132:
128:Member of the
125:
124:
119:
113:
112:
110:Alan Greenspan
107:
101:
100:
92:Roger Ferguson
89:
85:
84:
78:George W. Bush
75:
71:
70:
60:
59:
52:
51:
48:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9541:
9530:
9527:
9525:
9522:
9520:
9517:
9515:
9512:
9510:
9507:
9505:
9502:
9500:
9497:
9495:
9492:
9490:
9487:
9485:
9482:
9480:
9477:
9475:
9472:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9440:
9437:
9435:
9432:
9430:
9427:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9405:
9402:
9400:
9397:
9395:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9385:
9382:
9380:
9377:
9375:
9372:
9370:
9367:
9365:
9362:
9360:
9359:Living people
9357:
9355:
9352:
9351:
9349:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9320:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9310:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9290:
9287:
9283:
9282:
9279:
9272:
9269:
9266:
9263:
9260:
9257:
9256:
9254:
9251:
9247:
9243:
9236:
9233:
9232:
9230:
9227:
9223:
9219:
9212:
9209:
9206:
9203:
9200:
9197:
9196:
9194:
9192:
9188:
9181:
9178:
9175:
9172:
9169:
9166:
9165:
9163:
9160:
9156:
9152:
9145:
9142:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9132:
9128:
9121:
9118:
9115:
9112:
9109:
9106:
9105:
9103:
9101:
9097:
9092:
9084:
9079:
9077:
9072:
9070:
9065:
9064:
9061:
9048:
9043:
9040:
9036:
9032:
9028:
9024:
9021:
9017:
9013:
9009:
9005:
9002:
8998:
8994:
8990:
8987:
8983:
8979:
8975:
8971:
8968:
8964:
8959:
8956:
8951:
8948:
8944:
8939:
8936:
8931:
8928:
8923:
8920:
8916:
8912:
8907:
8904:
8900:
8899:Alvin E. Roth
8895:
8892:
8888:
8883:
8880:
8876:
8872:
8867:
8864:
8860:
8859:Elinor Ostrom
8855:
8852:
8847:
8844:
8840:
8836:
8831:
8828:
8823:
8820:
8816:
8811:
8808:
8804:
8799:
8796:
8792:
8787:
8784:
8780:
8775:
8772:
8768:
8764:
8759:
8758:
8756:
8752:
8745:
8741:
8736:
8733:
8728:
8725:
8720:
8717:
8713:
8708:
8705:
8701:
8696:
8693:
8688:
8685:
8681:
8677:
8672:
8669:
8665:
8660:
8657:
8652:
8649:
8644:
8641:
8637:
8633:
8628:
8625:
8620:
8617:
8612:
8609:
8604:
8601:
8596:
8593:
8588:
8585:
8584:Richard Stone
8580:
8577:
8576:Gérard Debreu
8572:
8569:
8564:
8561:
8556:
8553:
8548:
8545:
8541:
8536:
8533:
8528:
8525:
8521:
8516:
8513:
8508:
8507:
8505:
8501:
8494:
8490:
8485:
8482:
8478:
8477:Gunnar Myrdal
8473:
8470:
8465:
8462:
8458:
8457:John R. Hicks
8453:
8450:
8449:Simon Kuznets
8445:
8442:
8437:
8434:
8433:Jan Tinbergen
8430:
8429:Ragnar Frisch
8425:
8424:
8422:
8418:
8414:
8410:
8403:
8398:
8396:
8391:
8389:
8384:
8383:
8380:
8366:
8362:
8358:
8354:
8350:
8346:
8342:
8338:
8337:Kamala Harris
8334:
8330:
8326:
8322:
8317:
8316:
8311:
8307:
8303:
8299:
8293:
8289:
8285:
8281:
8277:
8273:
8272:Angela Merkel
8269:
8264:
8263:Salome Karwah
8260:
8256:
8251:
8247:
8243:
8239:
8235:
8231:
8230:The Protester
8227:
8223:
8219:
8215:
8211:
8207:
8203:
8199:
8195:
8191:
8187:
8182:
8181:Melinda Gates
8178:
8174:
8168:
8164:
8160:
8156:
8152:
8147:
8143:
8142:Coleen Rowley
8139:
8133:
8129:
8125:
8124:
8122:
8118:
8110:
8106:
8102:
8098:
8094:
8090:
8086:
8082:
8078:
8074:
8070:
8066:
8065:Newt Gingrich
8062:
8058:
8054:
8049:
8048:Yitzhak Rabin
8045:
8041:
8037:
8036:Yasser Arafat
8031:
8027:
8023:
8019:
8015:
8011:
8007:
8003:
7999:
7995:
7991:
7987:
7983:
7979:
7975:
7971:
7970:Deng Xiaoping
7967:
7963:
7959:
7955:
7954:Yuri Andropov
7951:
7950:Ronald Reagan
7947:
7943:
7939:
7935:
7931:
7927:
7926:Ronald Reagan
7923:
7919:
7915:
7911:
7910:Deng Xiaoping
7907:
7903:
7899:
7895:
7891:
7890:
7888:
7884:
7875:
7871:
7867:
7863:
7859:
7855:
7851:
7847:
7843:
7839:
7835:
7831:
7825:
7821:
7817:
7813:
7809:
7805:
7804:Richard Nixon
7801:
7797:
7793:
7792:Richard Nixon
7789:
7785:
7781:
7777:
7773:
7768:
7764:
7760:
7756:
7751:
7747:
7743:
7739:
7735:
7731:
7727:
7723:
7719:
7715:
7711:
7707:
7703:
7699:
7695:
7690:
7686:
7682:
7678:
7677:Edward Teller
7674:
7670:
7666:
7662:
7658:
7657:Linus Pauling
7654:
7653:Willard Libby
7650:
7646:
7642:
7638:
7634:
7633:George Beadle
7628:
7624:
7620:
7616:
7612:
7608:
7604:
7600:
7596:
7592:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7576:
7572:
7568:
7567:Elizabeth II
7564:
7560:
7556:
7555:
7553:
7549:
7541:
7537:
7533:
7529:
7525:
7521:
7517:
7513:
7509:
7505:
7501:
7497:
7493:
7489:
7485:
7481:
7477:
7476:Joseph Stalin
7473:
7469:
7465:
7461:
7457:
7453:
7452:Joseph Stalin
7449:
7445:
7441:
7437:
7433:
7429:
7425:
7421:
7417:
7413:
7409:
7405:
7401:
7397:
7393:
7389:
7385:
7381:
7377:
7373:
7369:
7368:Owen D. Young
7365:
7361:
7357:
7353:
7349:
7348:
7346:
7342:
7338:
7336:
7328:
7323:
7321:
7316:
7314:
7309:
7308:
7305:
7292:
7289:
7286:
7283:
7280:
7277:
7274:
7271:
7268:
7265:
7262:
7259:
7256:
7253:
7250:
7249:Alvin E. Roth
7247:
7244:
7241:
7238:
7235:
7232:
7229:
7226:
7223:
7220:
7217:
7214:
7211:
7208:
7205:
7202:
7199:
7196:
7195:Avinash Dixit
7193:
7190:
7187:
7184:
7181:
7178:
7175:
7172:
7169:
7166:
7165:Peter Diamond
7163:
7160:
7157:
7154:
7153:Sherwin Rosen
7151:
7150:
7148:
7144:
7137:
7134:
7131:
7128:
7125:
7122:
7119:
7116:
7113:
7110:
7107:
7104:
7101:
7098:
7095:
7094:Zvi Griliches
7092:
7089:
7086:
7083:
7080:
7077:
7076:Gérard Debreu
7074:
7071:
7068:
7065:
7064:Robert Eisner
7062:
7059:
7056:
7053:
7050:
7047:
7044:
7041:
7038:
7035:
7032:
7029:
7026:
7023:
7020:
7017:
7014:
7011:
7008:
7005:
7002:
6999:
6996:
6993:
6990:
6987:
6984:
6983:
6981:
6977:
6970:
6967:
6964:
6961:
6958:
6955:
6952:
6949:
6946:
6943:
6940:
6937:
6934:
6931:
6928:
6925:
6922:
6919:
6916:
6915:Fritz Machlup
6913:
6910:
6907:
6904:
6901:
6898:
6895:
6892:
6889:
6886:
6883:
6880:
6877:
6874:
6871:
6868:
6865:
6862:
6859:
6856:
6853:
6850:
6849:John D. Black
6847:
6844:
6843:Simon Kuznets
6841:
6838:
6835:
6832:
6829:
6826:
6823:
6822:
6820:
6816:
6809:
6806:
6803:
6800:
6797:
6794:
6791:
6788:
6785:
6782:
6779:
6776:
6773:
6770:
6767:
6764:
6761:
6758:
6755:
6752:
6749:
6746:
6743:
6740:
6737:
6734:
6731:
6728:
6725:
6722:
6719:
6718:John M. Clark
6716:
6713:
6710:
6707:
6704:
6701:
6698:
6695:
6692:
6689:
6686:
6683:
6680:
6677:
6674:
6671:
6668:
6665:
6662:
6661:
6659:
6655:
6648:
6645:
6642:
6639:
6636:
6635:Carl C. Plehn
6633:
6630:
6627:
6624:
6621:
6618:
6615:
6612:
6609:
6606:
6605:Irving Fisher
6603:
6600:
6597:
6594:
6591:
6588:
6585:
6582:
6579:
6576:
6573:
6570:
6567:
6564:
6561:
6558:
6555:
6552:
6549:
6546:
6543:
6540:
6537:
6534:
6533:F. W. Taussig
6531:
6528:
6525:
6524:
6522:
6518:
6511:
6508:
6505:
6502:
6499:
6496:
6493:
6492:John B. Clark
6490:
6487:
6484:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6471:
6467:
6460:
6455:
6453:
6448:
6446:
6441:
6440:
6437:
6424:
6419:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6245:
6242:
6238:
6231:
6226:
6224:
6219:
6217:
6212:
6211:
6208:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6184:
6181:
6180:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6145:
6143:
6139:
6132:
6131:San Francisco
6128:
6125:
6122:
6118:
6115:
6112:
6108:
6105:
6102:
6098:
6097:Neel Kashkari
6095:
6092:
6088:
6085:
6082:
6078:
6075:
6072:
6068:
6065:
6062:
6058:
6057:Thomas Barkin
6055:
6052:
6048:
6045:
6042:
6038:
6035:
6032:
6028:
6027:John Williams
6025:
6022:
6018:
6017:Susan Collins
6015:
6014:
6012:
6010:(by district)
6006:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5979:
5975:
5972:
5969:
5965:
5962:
5959:
5955:
5954:Jerome Powell
5952:
5951:
5949:
5947:
5941:
5934:
5933:Jerome Powell
5931:
5928:
5925:
5922:
5919:
5916:
5913:
5910:
5907:
5904:
5901:
5898:
5895:
5892:
5889:
5886:
5883:
5880:
5877:
5874:
5871:
5868:
5865:
5862:
5859:
5856:
5853:
5850:
5847:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5836:
5832:
5825:
5824:
5820:
5817:
5814:
5811:
5807:
5804:
5801:
5798:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5784:
5783:
5779:
5776:
5773:
5770:
5767:
5764:
5761:
5758:
5755:
5752:
5749:
5746:
5743:
5740:
5737:
5734:
5731:
5728:
5725:
5722:
5721:Greenspan put
5719:
5716:
5715:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5703:
5700:
5697:
5694:
5691:
5688:
5685:
5682:
5679:
5676:
5673:
5670:
5667:
5664:
5661:
5658:
5655:
5652:
5649:
5646:
5643:
5640:
5637:
5634:
5631:
5628:
5625:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5600:
5597:
5594:
5591:
5588:
5585:
5582:
5579:
5576:
5573:
5570:
5567:
5564:
5561:
5558:
5555:
5552:
5549:
5546:
5543:
5540:
5537:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5526:
5522:
5516:
5513:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5498:Federal funds
5496:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5479:Federal funds
5477:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5455:
5451:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5423:
5419:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5386:
5382:
5375:
5370:
5368:
5363:
5361:
5356:
5355:
5352:
5338:
5334:
5326:
5322:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5260:Edmund Phelps
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5163:
5159:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5122:Joan Robinson
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5107:Bill Mitchell
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5027:Paul Davidson
5025:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5011:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4989:William Poole
4987:
4985:
4984:Bill Phillips
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4959:Lloyd Metzler
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4939:Walter Heller
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4919:Robert Eisner
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4897:
4893:
4887:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4870:
4864:
4859:
4857:
4852:
4850:
4845:
4844:
4841:
4835:
4828:
4806:
4805:
4797:
4791:
4786:
4782:
4781:Edward Lazear
4773:
4772:
4764:
4758:
4753:
4749:
4740:
4739:
4734:
4730:
4721:
4720:
4712:
4706:
4702:
4693:
4692:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4663:
4654:
4650:
4647:
4644:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4604:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4588:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4529:
4526:
4518:
4508:
4504:
4503:inappropriate
4500:
4496:
4490:
4488:
4481:
4472:
4471:
4460:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4361:
4357:
4356:
4350:
4348:, p. 21.
4347:
4346:
4341:
4340:
4320:
4316:
4310:
4295:
4291:
4285:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4254:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4232:
4217:
4211:
4196:
4192:
4186:
4167:
4160:
4154:
4146:
4142:
4135:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4116:
4114:
4106:
4102:
4096:
4089:
4085:
4079:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4040:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4009:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3978:
3962:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3945:
3930:
3926:
3919:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3875:
3868:
3862:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3828:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3800:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3759:
3755:
3748:
3733:
3732:Brookings.edu
3729:
3722:
3714:
3708:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3675:
3671:
3664:
3656:
3650:
3634:
3630:
3624:
3608:
3604:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3569:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3536:
3530:
3515:
3511:
3504:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3471:
3469:
3460:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3439:
3433:
3427:
3419:
3413:
3405:
3401:
3395:
3387:
3383:
3376:
3361:
3357:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3332:
3323:
3304:
3297:
3291:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3258:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3238:
3223:
3219:
3212:
3210:
3194:
3190:
3183:
3167:
3163:
3157:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3111:
3107:
3101:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3070:
3055:
3051:
3044:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3013:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2952:
2937:
2933:
2926:
2911:
2907:
2900:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2879:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2823:
2815:
2809:
2801:
2795:
2776:
2769:
2768:
2760:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2726:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2680:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2643:
2639:
2632:
2616:
2612:
2605:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2572:
2570:
2562:
2556:
2549:
2543:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2513:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2472:
2468:
2461:
2446:
2445:money.cnn.com
2442:
2436:
2420:
2414:
2398:
2392:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2370:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2316:
2301:
2297:
2290:
2274:
2270:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2252:
2246:
2239:. p. A1.
2238:
2234:
2230:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2195:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2090:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2036:
2020:
2016:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1988:
1982:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1942:
1935:
1934:
1926:
1922:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1897:Greenspan put
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1874:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1813:
1812:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1758:
1756:0-691-11820-5
1752:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1737:0-691-08689-3
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1652:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1593:In 2009, the
1592:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1508:
1502:Personal life
1499:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1478:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1317:Larry Summers
1314:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1285:Bush tax cuts
1281:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1244:vicious cycle
1241:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1228:Anna Schwartz
1223:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1135:
1133:
1128:
1122:Edward Quince
1119:
1117:
1112:
1104:
1103:whistleblower
1100:
1099:
1088:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1069:Merrill Lynch
1066:
1065:Henry Paulson
1062:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1006:
997:
992:
983:
981:
977:
973:
967:
958:
949:
947:
943:
940:disclosed on
939:
933:
931:
927:
918:
913:
904:
900:
898:
893:
891:
887:
882:
880:
876:
873:professor at
872:
868:
864:
856:
851:
842:
840:
836:
835:Peter Diamond
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
778:Goldman Sachs
775:
771:
766:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
747:marching band
744:
743:valedictorian
740:
730:
728:
727:Rosh Hashanah
724:
720:
716:
706:
704:
700:
690:
686:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
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583:
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541:
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531:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
509:
499:
466:
457:
453:
449:
446:
443:
439:
436:Academic work
434:
431:
428:
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420:
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415:
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388:
384:
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352:
349:
345:
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333:
329:
325:
322:
316:
312:
309:
305:
301:
296:(age 70)
282:
278:
273:
269:
266:
265:Edward Lazear
263:
257:
254:
251:
245:
241:
237:
231:
226:
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79:
76:
72:
66:
61:
58:
53:
49:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
9316:
9259:Ben Bernanke
9258:
9235:Svante Pääbo
9205:John Clauser
9199:Alain Aspect
9144:Annie Ernaux
9031:Ben Bernanke
9030:
9020:Guido Imbens
8997:Paul Milgrom
8982:Esther Duflo
8935:Angus Deaton
8851:Paul Krugman
8754:2001–present
8520:Bertil Ohlin
8365:Taylor Swift
8313:
8280:Donald Trump
8259:Kent Brantly
8246:Pope Francis
8238:Barack Obama
8214:Ben Bernanke
8213:
8206:Barack Obama
8120:2001–present
8089:Bill Clinton
8081:Andrew Grove
8026:Bill Clinton
7942:The Computer
7894:Jimmy Carter
7870:Carol Sutton
7838:Alison Cheek
7784:Willy Brandt
7763:Frank Borman
7669:Emilio Segrè
7444:Adolf Hitler
7384:Pierre Laval
7334:
7291:Janet Currie
7267:Janet Yellen
7261:Ben Bernanke
7260:
7201:Angus Deaton
7146:2001–present
6808:Frank Knight
6790:Paul Douglas
6736:Alvin Hansen
6682:Edwin F. Gay
6581:John H. Gray
6575:David Kinley
6357:
6148:Central bank
6127:Mary C. Daly
6041:Philadelphia
5994:Lisa D. Cook
5974:Michael Barr
5927:Janet Yellen
5921:Ben Bernanke
5920:
5909:Paul Volcker
5867:Eugene Meyer
5861:Roy A. Young
5821:
5780:
5712:
5704:
5633:FOMC actions
5587:Regulation Q
5575:Regulation D
5315:Janet Yellen
5265:Ricardo Reis
5240:Paul Krugman
5220:Mark Gertler
5185:Alan Blinder
5175:Ben Bernanke
5174:
5102:Hyman Minsky
5067:Richard Kahn
5047:Wynne Godley
4999:Robert Solow
4979:Don Patinkin
4929:Alvin Hansen
4813:Janet Yellen
4801:
4768:
4763:Harvey Rosen
4748:Janet Yellen
4736:
4716:
4688:
4613:
4594:
4565:
4562:Ben Bernanke
4544:Ben Bernanke
4521:
4515:October 2022
4512:
4497:by removing
4484:
4461:(4): 943–83.
4458:
4452:
4429:. New York:
4426:
4416:
4390:
4368:
4354:
4343:
4323:. Retrieved
4318:
4309:
4297:. Retrieved
4293:
4284:
4272:. Retrieved
4268:the original
4263:
4253:
4245:the original
4231:
4219:. Retrieved
4210:
4198:. Retrieved
4194:
4185:
4173:. Retrieved
4153:
4144:
4134:
4124:
4104:
4095:
4087:
4078:
4053:
4049:
4039:
4027:. Retrieved
4018:
4008:
3996:. Retrieved
3992:the original
3987:
3977:
3965:. Retrieved
3954:
3944:
3932:. Retrieved
3928:
3918:
3906:. Retrieved
3897:
3887:
3874:
3861:
3849:. Retrieved
3837:
3827:
3815:. Retrieved
3809:
3799:
3787:. Retrieved
3783:The Guardian
3782:
3773:
3761:. Retrieved
3757:
3747:
3735:. Retrieved
3731:
3721:
3707:
3698:
3689:
3677:. Retrieved
3673:
3663:
3649:
3637:. Retrieved
3623:
3611:. Retrieved
3584:
3568:
3556:. Retrieved
3542:
3534:
3529:
3519:December 13,
3517:. Retrieved
3513:
3503:
3491:. Retrieved
3480:
3448:
3438:
3430:FRB Speech:
3426:
3412:
3403:
3394:
3385:
3375:
3365:November 25,
3363:. Retrieved
3359:
3349:
3340:
3331:
3322:
3310:. Retrieved
3303:the original
3290:
3278:. Retrieved
3274:the original
3267:
3257:
3246:
3237:
3225:. Retrieved
3221:
3196:. Retrieved
3192:
3182:
3170:. Retrieved
3156:
3144:. Retrieved
3135:
3126:
3114:. Retrieved
3100:
3088:. Retrieved
3079:
3069:
3057:. Retrieved
3053:
3043:
3031:. Retrieved
3022:
3012:
3000:. Retrieved
2991:
2982:
2970:. Retrieved
2961:
2951:
2939:. Retrieved
2935:
2925:
2913:. Retrieved
2909:
2899:
2888:
2878:
2866:. Retrieved
2862:the original
2852:
2844:
2813:
2808:
2794:
2782:. Retrieved
2775:the original
2766:
2759:
2749:November 30,
2747:. Retrieved
2735:
2725:
2713:. Retrieved
2706:
2697:
2688:
2679:
2671:the original
2666:
2657:
2645:. Retrieved
2641:
2631:
2619:. Retrieved
2614:
2604:
2592:. Retrieved
2588:the original
2581:
2560:
2555:
2547:
2542:
2530:. Retrieved
2521:
2512:
2500:. Retrieved
2495:
2486:
2474:. Retrieved
2470:
2460:
2448:. Retrieved
2444:
2435:
2423:. Retrieved
2413:
2401:. Retrieved
2391:
2383:the original
2378:
2369:
2361:the original
2356:
2347:
2335:. Retrieved
2331:the original
2324:
2315:
2303:. Retrieved
2299:
2289:
2277:. Retrieved
2250:
2245:
2232:
2204:
2194:
2182:. Retrieved
2177:
2168:
2150:
2138:. Retrieved
2134:
2125:
2113:. Retrieved
2099:
2089:
2077:. Retrieved
2072:
2063:
2053:November 25,
2051:. Retrieved
2046:
2022:. Retrieved
2018:
1991:. Retrieved
1981:
1973:
1965:
1956:
1944:. Retrieved
1932:
1925:
1862:
1831:
1810:
1786:
1746:
1727:
1706:
1685:
1681:
1660:
1656:
1649:Bibliography
1610:
1602:
1541:
1539:
1528:
1513:
1484:
1455:
1432:
1414:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1390:
1379:
1376:
1368:
1363:Paul Volcker
1355:Janet Yellen
1337:
1332:
1324:
1306:
1295:
1288:
1282:
1271:
1256:
1236:
1231:
1225:
1221:
1215:money supply
1196:
1165:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1096:
1094:
1085:
1061:Andrew Cuomo
1055:
1043:
1037:
1024:Janet Yellen
1021:
1009:
1001:
969:
934:
922:
901:
894:
883:
860:
855:Barack Obama
841:of Harvard.
831:Robert Solow
814:
800:
767:
736:
719:Mark Gertler
712:
696:
687:
683:Ellis Island
660:
641:
618:
604:
602:
598:Janet Yellen
594:Barack Obama
575:
560:
529:
464:
463:
421: (1979)
417:
320:affiliations
260:Succeeded by
253:Harvey Rosen
229:
209:Succeeded by
180:
168:Succeeded by
152:Barack Obama
137:
122:Janet Yellen
117:Succeeded by
99:Janet Yellen
82:Barack Obama
64:
36:Ben Bernanke
29:
9354:1953 births
9091:Nobel Prize
8943:Oliver Hart
8927:Jean Tirole
8724:Amartya Sen
8560:James Tobin
8315:The Capital
8312:/ Staff of
8310:Kyaw Soe Oo
8302:Maria Ressa
7934:Lech Wałęsa
7902:Anwar Sadat
7874:Addie Wyatt
7866:Susie Sharp
7854:Carla Hills
7850:Ella Grasso
7842:Jill Conway
7820:King Faisal
7812:John Sirica
7665:Isidor Rabi
7641:John Enders
7285:Susan Athey
7207:Robert Hall
7100:Amartya Sen
6945:James Tobin
6742:Jacob Viner
6117:Lorie Logan
6111:Kansas City
6107:Jeff Schmid
6101:Minneapolis
5929:(2014–2018)
5923:(2006–2014)
5917:(1987–2006)
5911:(1979–1987)
5905:(1978–1979)
5899:(1970–1978)
5893:(1951–1970)
5887:(1948–1951)
5881:(1934–1948)
5875:(1933–1934)
5869:(1930–1933)
5863:(1927–1930)
5857:(1923–1927)
5851:(1916–1922)
5845:(1914–1916)
5818:(2020–2021)
5796:(2009–2010)
5777:(2008–2010)
5771:(2008–2010)
5753:(2007–2010)
5645:Nixon shock
5612:(1944–1971)
5557:Pittman Act
5547:(1909–1912)
5530:Antecedents
5275:David Romer
5250:Marc Melitz
5245:Greg Mankiw
5200:Brad DeLong
5112:Basil Moore
5092:Marc Lavoie
5032:Evsey Domar
5004:James Tobin
4954:James Meade
4701:Kevin Warsh
4629:March 2012
4579:IDEAS/RePEc
4553:Appearances
4274:January 30,
3613:January 30,
3587:UC Berkeley
3558:January 30,
3493:January 30,
3248:Legal Times
3227:January 29,
3198:January 28,
3172:January 28,
3146:January 24,
3116:January 24,
3090:January 22,
3059:January 30,
3033:January 30,
2972:January 30,
2915:January 30,
2868:January 30,
2715:October 18,
2647:January 15,
2621:January 28,
2594:January 28,
2532:January 30,
2425:January 30,
2403:January 30,
2305:November 8,
2279:January 30,
2079:October 10,
2019:The Balance
1993:February 3,
1946:October 23,
1764:Description
1632:Along with
1481:Nobel Prize
1298:saving glut
1248:Brad DeLong
1192:IDEAS/RePEc
1176:Andrew Abel
1111:Jim Bunning
1091:AIG bailout
986:Second term
837:of MIT and
693:Young adult
639:in Boston.
311:Independent
248:Preceded by
214:Kevin Warsh
199:Preceded by
158:Preceded by
105:Preceded by
96:Donald Kohn
9348:Categories
9131:Literature
9012:David Card
8967:Paul Romer
8177:Bill Gates
8101:Jeff Bezos
8018:Ted Turner
7846:Betty Ford
7767:Jim Lovell
7273:David Card
6303:Weidenbaum
6253:Keyserling
5968:Vice Chair
5569:Phelan Act
5460:Beige Book
5397:Vice Chair
5215:Jordi Galí
5087:Jan Kregel
5082:Steve Keen
4944:John Hicks
4934:Roy Harrod
4871:Keynesians
4808:2019–2020
4775:2005–2006
4742:2006–2014
4723:2006–2014
4695:2002–2005
4337:References
3817:October 9,
1516:blind date
1263:fiat money
1203:monetarist
1017:filibuster
757:and was a
729:services.
654:(cantor),
629:pharmacist
441:Discipline
324:Republican
290:1953-12-13
9213:(Austria)
9182:(Ukraine)
9170:(Belarus)
9116:(Denmark)
9100:Chemistry
9093:laureates
8503:1976–2000
8420:1969–1975
8409:Laureates
8345:Elon Musk
8333:Joe Biden
8093:Ken Starr
7886:1976–2000
7551:1951–1975
7344:1927–1950
6979:1976–2000
6818:1951–1975
6657:1926–1950
6520:1901–1925
6473:1886–1900
6408:Bernstein
6398:Goodspeed
6393:Philipson
6308:Feldstein
6293:Greenspan
6283:McCracken
6195:Sahm rule
6158:Fed model
6091:St. Louis
6051:Cleveland
5946:governors
5733:FIRRE Act
5699:DIDMC Act
5577:(c. 1930)
5491:Bank rate
5422:Banknotes
5402:Governors
5205:Huw Dixon
4575:at UNJobs
4499:excessive
4325:April 27,
4070:0002-8282
4029:April 14,
3998:April 15,
3967:April 15,
3934:April 14,
3908:April 14,
3846:0362-4331
3737:March 31,
3679:April 26,
2744:0362-4331
2615:USA Today
2476:March 15,
2421:. CBS.com
2337:April 26,
2300:USA Today
2110:0362-4331
1939:(Ph.D.).
1918:Footnotes
1540:In 2009,
1466:President
1259:deflation
1077:Ken Lewis
798:economics
733:Education
386:Signature
347:Education
239:President
230:In office
190:President
181:In office
147:President
138:In office
74:President
65:In office
9237:(Sweden)
9201:(France)
9176:(Russia)
9174:Memorial
9146:(France)
8073:David Ho
6373:Goolsbee
6358:Bernanke
6328:Stiglitz
6313:Sprinkel
6298:Schultze
6263:Saulnier
6163:Fedspeak
6061:Richmond
6031:New York
5563:Edge Act
4649:Archived
4636:Archived
4606:Archived
4587:Archived
4299:June 19,
4175:June 24,
4166:Archived
4023:Archived
3961:Archived
3956:Newsweek
3902:Archived
3789:July 23,
3763:July 24,
3633:Archived
3607:Archived
3577:Archived
3552:Archived
3487:Archived
3342:HuffPost
3280:July 14,
3166:Archived
3140:Archived
3136:ABC News
3110:Archived
3084:Archived
3027:Archived
3002:July 15,
2996:Archived
2966:Archived
2941:July 24,
2784:July 13,
2526:Archived
2502:July 29,
2450:July 29,
2273:Archived
2184:July 29,
2140:July 29,
2115:July 29,
2024:July 29,
1881:See also
1785:(2007).
1726:(2001).
1470:monetary
1464:and the
1462:Congress
1443:Medicare
788:with an
751:calculus
709:Religion
675:Przemyśl
663:Boryslav
339:Children
18:Bernanke
9191:Physics
8411:of the
8306:Wa Lone
6388:Hassett
6378:Krueger
6343:Hubbard
6183:History
6168:Fed put
6141:Related
6081:Chicago
6071:Atlanta
5944:Current
5808:(2010;
5802:(2009–)
5525:History
5453:Reports
5324:Related
4879:Founder
4493:Please
4485:use of
4200:May 24,
3851:May 27,
3639:June 5,
2073:AP NEWS
1962:Big Ben
1694:2117350
1669:1808111
1393:Citadel
1302:savings
877:in the
871:tenured
671:Ukraine
656:shochet
9045:2023:
8961:2018:
8953:2017:
8941:2016:
8933:2015:
8925:2014:
8909:2013:
8897:2012:
8885:2011:
8869:2010:
8857:2009:
8849:2008:
8833:2007:
8825:2006:
8813:2005:
8801:2004:
8789:2003:
8777:2002:
8761:2001:
8738:2000:
8730:1999:
8722:1998:
8710:1997:
8698:1996:
8690:1995:
8674:1994:
8662:1993:
8654:1992:
8646:1991:
8630:1990:
8622:1989:
8614:1988:
8606:1987:
8598:1986:
8590:1985:
8582:1984:
8574:1983:
8566:1982:
8558:1981:
8550:1980:
8538:1979:
8530:1978:
8518:1977:
8510:1976:
8487:1975:
8475:1974:
8467:1973:
8455:1972:
8447:1971:
8439:1970:
8427:1969:
8367:(2023)
8359:(2022)
8347:(2021)
8339:(2020)
8327:(2019)
8319:(2018)
8290:(2017)
8282:(2016)
8274:(2015)
8266:(2014)
8248:(2013)
8240:(2012)
8232:(2011)
8224:(2010)
8216:(2009)
8208:(2008)
8200:(2007)
8192:(2006)
8184:(2005)
8165:(2004)
8157:(2003)
8149:(2002)
8130:(2001)
8111:(2000)
8103:(1999)
8095:(1998)
8083:(1997)
8075:(1996)
8067:(1995)
8059:(1994)
8051:(1993)
8028:(1992)
8020:(1991)
8012:(1990)
8004:(1989)
7996:(1988)
7988:(1987)
7980:(1986)
7972:(1985)
7964:(1984)
7956:(1983)
7944:(1982)
7936:(1981)
7928:(1980)
7920:(1979)
7912:(1978)
7904:(1977)
7896:(1976)
7877:(1975)
7822:(1974)
7814:(1973)
7806:(1972)
7794:(1971)
7786:(1970)
7778:(1969)
7770:(1968)
7748:(1967)
7740:(1966)
7732:(1965)
7724:(1964)
7716:(1963)
7708:(1962)
7700:(1961)
7692:(1960)
7625:(1959)
7617:(1958)
7609:(1957)
7601:(1956)
7593:(1955)
7585:(1954)
7577:(1953)
7569:(1952)
7561:(1951)
7542:(1950)
7534:(1949)
7526:(1948)
7518:(1947)
7510:(1946)
7502:(1945)
7494:(1944)
7486:(1943)
7478:(1942)
7470:(1941)
7462:(1940)
7454:(1939)
7446:(1938)
7438:(1937)
7426:(1936)
7418:(1935)
7410:(1934)
7402:(1933)
7394:(1932)
7386:(1931)
7378:(1930)
7370:(1929)
7362:(1928)
7354:(1927)
7293:(2024)
7287:(2023)
7281:(2022)
7275:(2021)
7269:(2020)
7263:(2019)
7257:(2018)
7251:(2017)
7245:(2016)
7239:(2015)
7233:(2014)
7227:(2013)
7221:(2012)
7215:(2011)
7209:(2010)
7203:(2009)
7197:(2008)
7191:(2007)
7185:(2006)
7179:(2005)
7173:(2004)
7167:(2003)
7161:(2002)
7155:(2001)
7138:(2000)
7132:(1999)
7126:(1998)
7120:(1997)
7114:(1996)
7108:(1995)
7102:(1994)
7096:(1993)
7090:(1992)
7084:(1991)
7078:(1990)
7072:(1989)
7066:(1988)
7060:(1987)
7054:(1986)
7048:(1985)
7042:(1984)
7036:(1983)
7030:(1982)
7024:(1981)
7018:(1980)
7012:(1979)
7006:(1978)
7000:(1978)
6994:(1977)
6988:(1976)
6971:(1975)
6965:(1974)
6959:(1973)
6953:(1972)
6947:(1971)
6941:(1970)
6935:(1969)
6929:(1968)
6923:(1967)
6917:(1966)
6911:(1965)
6905:(1964)
6899:(1963)
6893:(1962)
6887:(1961)
6881:(1960)
6875:(1959)
6869:(1958)
6863:(1957)
6857:(1956)
6851:(1955)
6845:(1954)
6839:(1953)
6833:(1952)
6827:(1951)
6810:(1950)
6804:(1949)
6798:(1948)
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