313:
432:
282:
159:
2002:
25:
146:
134:
336:, some of the constituents of which not only have hallucinogenic properties but are fat-soluble and could have been absorbed transdermally. Certain researchers have speculated that the stereotypical image of the witch "flying" astride the broomstick of a besom may derive from traditions concerning the use of broomsticks or other
1574:
245:
As a result of its construction around a central pole, the brush of the besom is rounded instead of flat. The bristles can be made of many materials including, but not limited to straw, herbs, or twigs. Traditionally, the handle is of
319:
Detail of engraving by J. Aliame based on
Teniers the Younger painting above. Note (more clearly visible in this copy than in the original) that witch in front of young witch being anointed is not only flying upward, but has also
453:
413:
class, but are also fat-soluble and capable of being absorbed through unbroken human skin. Another ingredient listed frequently in the various flying ointment recipes is the even more toxic
1908:
207:, a household implement used for sweeping. The term is mostly reserved for a traditional broom constructed from a bundle of twigs tied to a stout pole. The twigs used could be
237:
comes. In
Scotland and Bulgaria, besoms are still occasionally to be found at the edge of forests where they are stacked for use in early response to an outbreak of fire.
621:
Sollmann, Torald, A Manual of
Pharmacology and Its Applications to Therapeutics and Toxicology. 8th edition. Pub. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia and London 1957.
654:
1951:
1518:
1431:
704:
468:
would hide, and similarly to the broom it was sometimes associated with the occult. However, it also sometimes served as a protective
312:
1636:
1606:
1837:
1806:
1743:
668:
551:
431:
2788:
1984:
734:
604:
Schultes, Richard Evans; Albert
Hofmann (1979). Plants of the Gods: Origins of Hallucinogenic Use New York: McGraw-Hill.
2872:
1903:
1713:
1478:
852:
538:
1944:
847:
648:
609:
592:
108:
89:
61:
2949:
1621:
1245:
636:
2944:
2482:
1601:
1462:
827:
488:, a large venik statue (six metres tall) was erected to commemorate the 620th anniversary of the foundation of
46:
2625:
2847:
1687:
864:
795:
68:
281:
2982:
2349:
2334:
1937:
1502:
2045:
1088:
859:
2238:
2076:
1526:
587:
Hunziker, Armando T. The Genera of
Solanaceae A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G., Ruggell, Liechtenstein 2001.
75:
464:) has historically had both good and bad connotations. It was seen as a place behind or under which a
2795:
2017:
1862:
1558:
289:
2394:
2318:
2298:
2131:
2116:
1888:
1666:
1656:
1566:
1438:
727:
57:
2987:
2877:
2356:
2248:
2086:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1682:
1494:
1446:
1233:
1115:
907:
35:
409:
present in these solanaceous plants are not only potent (and highly toxic) hallucinogens of the
2661:
2233:
1764:
1748:
1738:
1697:
1692:
1550:
1542:
381:
42:
2867:
2823:
2564:
2444:
2389:
2263:
2188:
2178:
2163:
1779:
1774:
1651:
1173:
929:
902:
842:
492:, a settlement in the area, which was recognized as the largest venik monument in the world.
489:
2977:
2955:
2409:
2040:
1898:
1893:
1616:
1611:
1408:
768:
743:
8:
2934:
2888:
2882:
2862:
2081:
1960:
1784:
1769:
1510:
1470:
1125:
1110:
912:
807:
802:
778:
720:
643:(in Russian). Vol. 1. St. Petersburg: Гуманитарный издательский центр ВЛАДОС. 2002.
387:
333:
297:
254:. Modern construction uses bindings of wire and string (instead of the traditional split
2741:
2645:
578:, pub. Oxford University Press 1973, reprinted U.S.A.1978 Chapter 8 : pps. 125–150.
2852:
2830:
2454:
2223:
1979:
1661:
1593:
837:
166:
2894:
2771:
2585:
2025:
1990:
1883:
1290:
1120:
924:
773:
698:
644:
605:
588:
534:
507:
444:
415:
393:
361:
300:
upon an inverted besom with a lit candle attached to its twigs. Note also stoppered
2857:
2816:
2802:
2449:
2308:
2253:
2243:
2213:
2208:
2050:
1974:
1857:
1373:
1093:
974:
964:
897:
790:
476:. A venik was also often not thrown away, instead being ceremonially burned during
457:
372:
367:
305:
226:
180:
82:
158:
2992:
2939:
2917:
2912:
2809:
2696:
2552:
2517:
2379:
2303:
2293:
2228:
2218:
2158:
2035:
1827:
1183:
1083:
979:
473:
379:. Other tropane-containing, nightshade ingredients included the famous mandrake (
352:
276:
1368:
2558:
2429:
2361:
2278:
2273:
2258:
2168:
2153:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2066:
1413:
869:
296:
while anointing the bottom of a young, naked witch, who is about to fly to the
2971:
2924:
2721:
2666:
2512:
2502:
2434:
1913:
1403:
1363:
1328:
1208:
783:
337:
321:
222:
208:
332:
A number of different recipes for "flying ointments" have survived from the
2899:
2569:
2507:
2288:
2268:
2193:
2183:
2091:
2071:
2030:
1878:
1534:
1486:
1270:
1223:
1218:
1178:
939:
822:
481:
308:
with lid and small pot with protruding spoon near back foot of young witch.
2527:
2492:
2419:
2384:
2283:
2203:
2096:
2001:
1454:
1398:
1338:
1238:
1203:
1188:
1130:
1043:
969:
892:
406:
402:
376:
270:
1383:
2929:
2716:
2681:
2620:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2487:
2424:
2414:
2404:
2339:
2198:
2173:
2126:
1822:
1626:
1285:
1228:
1213:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1038:
1018:
817:
747:
712:
477:
356:
122:
1929:
2731:
2615:
2532:
2497:
2344:
2121:
1318:
1100:
1078:
1028:
1023:
1001:
410:
2605:
874:
24:
2756:
2751:
2736:
2706:
2590:
2459:
2313:
1909:
Feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period
1832:
1575:
Treatise on the
Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
1393:
1275:
1193:
1033:
996:
812:
398:
325:
293:
832:
2746:
2726:
2630:
2610:
2595:
2522:
2464:
1378:
1308:
1198:
959:
934:
485:
465:
218:
213:
2711:
2701:
2691:
2676:
2671:
2600:
1388:
1343:
1313:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1168:
1151:
1146:
1073:
669:"«Самый большой в мире веник» сплели в Одесской области (ФОТО)"
501:
480:. The venik's cultural significance extends outside Russia: in
469:
348:
341:
258:) and the head is secured by a steel nail instead of a wooden
189:
145:
2907:
2761:
2640:
2439:
2399:
1918:
1358:
1353:
1333:
1323:
1250:
1156:
1105:
1013:
991:
986:
917:
259:
255:
251:
247:
204:
195:
697:
151:
alternative form of the besom, using fibres instead of twigs
2766:
2635:
1348:
1280:
1048:
1006:
345:
301:
217:, from which comes the modern name "broom" for the tool),
121:"Venik" redirects here. For the tool used in saunas, see
133:
271:
Besoms and flying ointments in early modern witchcraft
192:
525:
523:
186:
419:, which has (among others) the English common name
183:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
570:
568:
340:by women to apply psychotropic ointments to their
169:, shows individuals gathering material for besoms.
641:Российский гуманитарный энциклопедический словарь
520:
292:. Note on the left an older witch reading from a
2969:
565:
552:"What's the deal with witches and broomsticks?"
355:were primarily plants in the nightshade family
1432:Witchcraft and divination in the Old Testament
631:
629:
627:
229:refers to both types of twig. From the phrase
1945:
1519:A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts
728:
624:
1952:
1938:
735:
721:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
742:
430:
426:
311:
280:
265:
157:
1959:
2970:
1838:List of people executed for witchcraft
1933:
1807:Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire
716:
549:
2789:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches
317:Preparation for the Witches' Sabbath
286:Preparation for the Witches' Sabbath
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
13:
2873:Left-hand path and right-hand path
1904:Left-hand path and right-hand path
1479:De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus
550:Adams, Cecil (September 3, 1999).
14:
3004:
690:
2528:Spellwork / Incantation
2000:
657:from the original on 2023-10-26.
397:, the thornapple. The alkaloids
179:
144:
132:
23:
2950:Witchcraft Research Association
34:needs additional citations for
2945:Museum of Witchcraft and Magic
2357:Holly King / Oak King
1602:Jamyi Witch hiring controversy
1463:Summis desiderantes affectibus
661:
615:
598:
581:
543:
240:
1:
513:
2848:List of Wiccan organisations
1607:accusations against children
1503:The Discoverie of Witchcraft
371:(henbane), belonging to the
351:. The active ingredients in
7:
2046:Chthonioi Alexandrian Wicca
576:Hallucinogens and Shamanism
495:
423:(i.e. "slayer of wolves").
10:
3009:
2077:Church and School of Wicca
1998:
1527:Daemonolatreiae libri tres
274:
120:
2840:
2796:The Meaning of Witchcraft
2780:
2654:
2578:
2473:
2370:
2327:
2144:
2059:
2016:
2009:
1967:
1871:
1850:
1815:
1799:
1757:
1706:
1675:
1644:
1635:
1592:
1585:
1559:A Guide to Grand-Jury Men
1422:
1299:
1139:
952:
885:
761:
754:
461:
290:David Teniers the Younger
139:Classic form of the besom
2395:Wiccan views of divinity
2132:Universal Eclectic Wicca
1889:Christian views on magic
1567:The Discovery of Witches
1439:Directorium Inquisitorum
675:(in Russian). 2018-09-29
472:, as well as a tool for
365:(deadly nightshade) and
2878:Cunning folk in Britain
1495:De praestigiis daemonum
1447:De maleficis mulieribus
705:Encyclopædia Britannica
2662:Magical tools in Wicca
2234:Ipsita Roy Chakraverti
1551:Compendium Maleficarum
1543:Magical Investigations
1434:(8th–2nd centuries BC)
708:(11th ed.). 1911.
533:pub. Unity Press 1978
440:
382:Mandragora officinarum
329:
309:
221:or similar. The song "
170:
2868:Witch-cult hypothesis
2824:Charge of the Goddess
2565:Solitary practitioner
2483:Drawing down the Moon
2264:Cerridwen Fallingstar
1985:Wicca and LGBT people
1174:Cloak of invisibility
930:Solitary practitioner
843:Witch-cult hypothesis
434:
427:In Russia and Ukraine
315:
284:
266:Cultural associations
161:
2041:Central Valley Wicca
1894:Magical organization
1409:Witches of Benevento
574:Harner, Michael J.,
43:improve this article
2983:European witchcraft
2889:Malleus Maleficarum
2883:European witchcraft
2863:Neopagan witchcraft
2018:British Traditional
1961:Neopagan witchcraft
1511:Newes from Scotland
1471:Malleus Maleficarum
848:Anglo-Saxon England
388:Scopolia carniolica
334:early modern period
250:and the head is of
2904:Magical alphabets
2853:Bricket Wood coven
2831:Enchanted Feminism
2224:Zsuzsanna Budapest
1980:Etymology of Wicca
1863:Witches in fiction
1851:In popular culture
1425:historic treatises
531:The Witch's Garden
529:Hansen, Harold A.
441:
330:
310:
171:
163:On Carrington Moss
2965:
2964:
2586:Wheel of the Year
2239:Patricia Crowther
2140:
2139:
2026:Alexandrian Wicca
1991:Dettmer v. Landon
1927:
1926:
1884:Witch (archetype)
1846:
1845:
1795:
1794:
1121:Sympathetic magic
948:
947:
508:Jumping the broom
416:Aconitum napellus
394:Datura stramonium
362:Atropa belladonna
223:Buy Broom Buzzems
119:
118:
111:
93:
3000:
2935:Witches' Sabbath
2858:New Forest coven
2817:Witchcraft Today
2803:The Spiral Dance
2350:Spirit of nature
2309:Silver RavenWolf
2254:Scott Cunningham
2244:Vivianne Crowley
2214:Raymond Buckland
2082:Cochrane's Craft
2051:Gardnerian Wicca
2014:
2013:
2004:
1975:History of Wicca
1954:
1947:
1940:
1931:
1930:
1858:Magic in fiction
1688:Northern Moravia
1642:
1641:
1622:Papua New Guinea
1590:
1589:
1374:Nine sorceresses
1126:Witches' Sabbath
975:Ceremonial magic
965:Apotropaic magic
759:
758:
737:
730:
723:
714:
713:
709:
701:
684:
683:
681:
680:
665:
659:
658:
633:
622:
619:
613:
602:
596:
585:
579:
572:
563:
562:
560:
558:
547:
541:
527:
463:
456:
373:tropane alkaloid
368:Hyoscyamus niger
359:, most commonly
353:flying ointments
233:the more common
227:Northern England
202:
201:
198:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
148:
136:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2940:Flying ointment
2836:
2810:What Witches Do
2776:
2697:Book of Shadows
2650:
2574:
2553:Rite of passage
2518:Herbal medicine
2475:
2469:
2380:Wiccan morality
2372:
2366:
2323:
2304:Rosaleen Norton
2299:Frederic Lamond
2294:Philip Heselton
2249:Robert Cochrane
2229:Charles Cardell
2219:Eddie Buczynski
2189:Victor Anderson
2159:Doreen Valiente
2146:
2136:
2055:
2036:Blue Star Wicca
2005:
1996:
1963:
1958:
1928:
1923:
1867:
1842:
1811:
1791:
1753:
1707:Northern Europe
1702:
1671:
1631:
1581:
1424:
1418:
1301:
1295:
1234:Magical weapons
1184:Flying ointment
1135:
980:Magical formula
944:
881:
828:Greece and Rome
750:
741:
696:
693:
688:
687:
678:
676:
667:
666:
662:
651:
635:
634:
625:
620:
616:
603:
599:
586:
582:
573:
566:
556:
554:
548:
544:
528:
521:
516:
498:
474:fortune-telling
452:
447:, the besom or
445:Russian culture
429:
279:
277:Flying ointment
273:
268:
243:
182:
178:
156:
155:
154:
153:
152:
149:
141:
140:
137:
126:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3006:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2988:Cleaning tools
2985:
2980:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2772:Witch's ladder
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2717:Chalice/Goblet
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2559:Eko Eko Azarak
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2479:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2430:The Summerland
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2376:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2362:Mother goddess
2359:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2342:
2337:
2335:Triple Goddess
2331:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2279:Raven Grimassi
2276:
2274:Stewart Farrar
2271:
2266:
2261:
2259:Phyllis Curott
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2169:Maxine Sanders
2166:
2161:
2156:
2154:Gerald Gardner
2150:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2112:Odyssean Wicca
2109:
2107:Georgian Wicca
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2067:1734 Tradition
2063:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2022:
2020:
2011:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1934:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1758:Western Europe
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1676:Eastern Europe
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1598:
1596:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1571:
1563:
1555:
1547:
1539:
1531:
1523:
1515:
1507:
1499:
1491:
1483:
1475:
1467:
1459:
1451:
1443:
1435:
1428:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1414:Witch of Endor
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1305:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1291:Witch's ladder
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1154:
1149:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1004:
999:
989:
984:
983:
982:
972:
967:
962:
956:
954:
950:
949:
946:
945:
943:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
921:
920:
910:
905:
900:
895:
889:
887:
883:
882:
880:
879:
878:
877:
867:
862:
857:
856:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
800:
799:
798:
788:
787:
786:
781:
776:
765:
763:
756:
752:
751:
740:
739:
732:
725:
717:
711:
710:
692:
691:External links
689:
686:
685:
673:Одесская Жизнь
660:
649:
623:
614:
597:
580:
564:
542:
539:978-0913300473
518:
517:
515:
512:
511:
510:
505:
497:
494:
428:
425:
328:) or dog form.
275:Main article:
272:
269:
267:
264:
242:
239:
150:
143:
142:
138:
131:
130:
129:
128:
127:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3005:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2957:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2925:Witching hour
2923:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:Paraphernalia
2653:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2513:Cone of power
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2503:Fivefold kiss
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2435:Reincarnation
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2390:Rule of Three
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2319:Joseph Wilson
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2209:Jack Bracelin
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2143:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2087:Coven of Atho
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1914:Folk religion
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1404:Three Witches
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1364:Morgan le Fay
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1209:Kitchen witch
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
993:
990:
988:
985:
981:
978:
977:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
957:
955:
951:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
919:
916:
915:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
890:
888:
884:
876:
873:
872:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
860:Latin America
858:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
805:
804:
801:
797:
794:
793:
792:
789:
785:
784:Witch smeller
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
771:
770:
767:
766:
764:
760:
757:
753:
749:
745:
738:
733:
731:
726:
724:
719:
718:
715:
707:
706:
700:
699:"Besom"
695:
694:
674:
670:
664:
656:
652:
650:5-8465-0021-8
646:
642:
638:
632:
630:
628:
618:
611:
610:0-07-056089-7
607:
601:
594:
593:3-904144-77-4
590:
584:
577:
571:
569:
553:
546:
540:
536:
532:
526:
524:
519:
509:
506:
503:
500:
499:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
459:
455:
450:
446:
438:
433:
424:
422:
418:
417:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
395:
390:
389:
384:
383:
378:
374:
370:
369:
364:
363:
358:
354:
350:
347:
343:
339:
335:
327:
323:
318:
314:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
278:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
215:
210:
206:
200:
176:
168:
164:
160:
147:
135:
124:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
16:Type of broom
2956:Fluffy Bunny
2900:Cunning folk
2895:Granny woman
2887:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2686:
2570:Spiral dance
2557:
2508:Magic circle
2289:Yvonne Frost
2269:Janet Farrar
2184:Margot Adler
2164:Alex Sanders
2092:Dianic Wicca
2072:Celtic Wicca
2031:Algard Wicca
1989:
1879:Witch (word)
1828:Witch's mark
1637:Early Modern
1573:
1565:
1557:
1549:
1541:
1535:Daemonologie
1533:
1525:
1517:
1509:
1501:
1493:
1487:Laienspiegel
1485:
1477:
1469:
1461:
1453:
1445:
1437:
1369:Muma Pădurii
1300:Folklore and
1271:Sator Square
1224:Magic circle
1219:Magic carpet
1179:Crystal ball
1161:
1116:Spiritualism
940:Witch doctor
823:Cunning folk
703:
677:. Retrieved
672:
663:
640:
617:
600:
583:
575:
555:. Retrieved
545:
530:
482:Odesa Oblast
448:
442:
436:
420:
414:
392:
386:
380:
375:-rich tribe
366:
360:
331:
322:shapeshifted
316:
285:
244:
234:
230:
212:
174:
172:
162:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2978:Magic items
2493:Handfasting
2420:White magic
2385:Wiccan Rede
2284:Gavin Frost
2204:Lois Bourne
2097:Faery Wicca
1586:Persecution
1455:Formicarius
1399:Spearfinger
1339:Elbow witch
1239:Magic sword
1204:Julleuchter
1189:Goofer dust
1131:White magic
1044:Incantation
970:Black magic
925:Renaissance
893:Chaos magic
865:Middle East
796:Philippines
407:scopolamine
403:hyoscyamine
377:Hyoscyameae
324:into wolf (
252:birch twigs
241:Description
231:broom besom
2972:Categories
2930:Witch-hunt
2781:Literature
2762:Tarot deck
2621:Lughnasadh
2548:Initiation
2543:Invocation
2538:Divination
2488:Great rite
2476:and ritual
2455:Watchtower
2425:Otherworld
2415:Witchcraft
2405:Craft name
2340:Horned God
2199:Gavin Bone
2174:Sybil Leek
2127:Stregheria
2117:Reclaiming
2010:Traditions
1899:Maleficium
1823:Witch-hunt
1627:Witch camp
1286:Witch ball
1229:Magic ring
1214:Love charm
1069:Necromancy
1064:Moon magic
1059:Mediumship
1054:Love magic
1039:Gray magic
1019:Divination
818:Benandanti
748:witchcraft
679:2022-05-12
514:References
478:Maslenitsa
435:A Russian
357:Solanaceae
248:hazel wood
123:Bath broom
99:April 2010
69:newspapers
2732:Parchment
2646:Wild Hunt
2616:Midsummer
2533:Banishing
2498:Wiccaning
2345:Green Man
2122:Seax-Wica
1800:Classical
1319:Baba Yaga
1302:mythology
1111:Spiritism
1101:Sex magic
1079:Shamanism
1074:Occultism
1029:Evocation
1024:Entheogen
1002:Damnation
953:Practices
454:‹See Tfd›
421:wolfsbane
411:deliriant
167:David Cox
2757:Talisman
2737:Pentacle
2707:Cauldron
2591:Solstice
2579:Holidays
2460:Familiar
2450:Summoner
2373:concepts
2314:Starhawk
1833:Pricking
1744:Scotland
1667:Virginia
1657:New York
1652:Maryland
1645:Americas
1394:Sorginak
1384:Pasiphaë
1276:Talisman
1246:Mojo bag
1194:Grimoire
1089:Regional
1034:Familiar
997:Anathema
913:Neopagan
908:Medieval
813:Akelarre
655:Archived
496:See also
399:atropine
326:werewolf
294:grimoire
165:, 1851,
2841:Related
2747:Scourge
2727:Incense
2702:Candles
2631:Samhain
2611:Beltane
2596:Equinox
2523:Scrying
2465:Animism
2445:Skyclad
2328:Deities
2194:Artemis
2147:figures
2145:Notable
1968:History
1872:Related
1816:Related
1734:Iceland
1729:Finland
1724:England
1719:Denmark
1683:Hungary
1379:Obayifo
1309:Agamede
1266:Potions
1199:Incense
1140:Objects
960:Animism
935:Warlock
870:Oceania
853:Britain
637:"Веник"
557:3 March
486:Ukraine
466:domovoy
458:Russian
342:vaginal
298:sabbath
225:" from
219:heather
214:Genista
203:) is a
83:scholar
58:"Besom"
2993:Brooms
2918:Hebrew
2913:Theban
2752:Statue
2712:Censer
2692:Boline
2677:Athame
2672:Amulet
2606:Ostara
2601:Imbolc
1785:Basque
1770:Geneva
1765:France
1749:Sweden
1739:Norway
1714:Baltic
1698:Russia
1693:Poland
1594:Modern
1578:(1751)
1570:(1647)
1562:(1627)
1554:(1608)
1546:(1599)
1538:(1597)
1530:(1595)
1522:(1593)
1514:(1591)
1506:(1584)
1498:(1563)
1490:(1509)
1482:(1489)
1474:(1487)
1466:(1484)
1458:(1475)
1450:(1440)
1442:(1376)
1389:Sebile
1344:Hecate
1314:Aradia
1261:Poppet
1256:Nkondi
1169:Censer
1152:Athame
1147:Amulet
1106:Sigils
1094:Yellow
903:Hoodoo
898:Goetia
875:Mākutu
803:Europe
774:Azande
769:Africa
762:Region
647:
608:
591:
537:
502:Kumade
490:Savran
470:amulet
349:mucosa
338:staves
211:(i.e.
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2908:Runes
2742:Runes
2687:Besom
2667:Altar
2641:Esbat
2626:Mabon
2474:Rites
2440:Karma
2410:Magic
2400:Coven
2060:Other
1919:Adept
1780:Spain
1775:Italy
1662:Salem
1617:Nepal
1612:India
1423:Major
1359:Medea
1354:Kalku
1334:Drude
1329:Dayan
1324:Circe
1251:Nkisi
1162:besom
1157:Broom
1084:Black
1014:Demon
992:Curse
987:Coven
918:Wicca
838:Völva
833:Seiðr
808:Italy
779:Ghana
755:Types
744:Magic
462:веник
449:venik
437:venik
306:crock
260:dowel
256:withy
235:broom
209:broom
205:broom
175:besom
90:JSTOR
76:books
2767:Wand
2722:Horn
2682:Bell
2636:Yule
2179:Dafo
2102:Feri
1349:Huld
1281:Wand
1049:Jinn
1007:Jinx
886:Form
791:Asia
746:and
645:ISBN
606:ISBN
589:ISBN
559:2012
535:ISBN
504:rake
405:and
391:and
346:anal
302:vial
62:news
2371:Key
443:In
385:),
344:or
288:by
45:by
2974::
702:.
671:.
653:.
639:.
626:^
567:^
522:^
484:,
460::
401:,
304:,
262:.
196:əm
190:iː
173:A
2958:"
2954:"
1953:e
1946:t
1939:v
736:e
729:t
722:v
682:.
612:.
595:.
561:.
451:(
439:.
199:/
193:z
187:b
184:ˈ
181:/
177:(
125:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)