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another suggested use for a force pump was to dispel water from a ship. The pump would be placed near the bottom of the hull so as to suck water out of the ship. Force pumps were used on land as well. They could be used to bring water up from a well or to fill high placed tanks so that water could be pressure pumped from these tanks. These tanks were for household use and/or small-scale irrigation. The force pump was portable and could therefore, as on ships, be used to fight fire.
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objects, few are found in shipwrecks; they were often recovered after the ship sank. Force pumps were fairly simple in their construction consisting of a cylinder, a piston, and a few valves. Water would fill the cylinder after which the piston would descend into the cylinder, causing the water to move to a higher placed pipe. The valve would close, locking the water into the higher pipe, and then propelling it in a jet stream.
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of the ship, it could be used to suck in sea water into a live fish tank to preserve fish until the ship was docked and the fish ready to be sold. Another use of the force pump was to combat fires. Water would again be sucked in through the bottom of the hull, and then pumped onto the blaze. Yet
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pumps can fail, use of a backup pump is often advised. The primary pump is normally located at the lowest point of the bilge, while the secondary pump would be located somewhat higher. This ensures that the secondary pump activates only when the primary pump is overwhelmed or fails, and keeps the
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Force pumps could be made of either wood or bronze. Based on ancient texts, it seems that bronze was the preferred material since it lasted longer and was more easily transported. Wood was easier to build, put together, and repair but was not as durable as bronze. Because these were high-value
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was purportedly developed in order to remove the bilge water. Archimedes' machine was a device with a revolving screw-shaped blade inside a cylinder. It was turned by hand, and could also be used to transfer water from a
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body of water into irrigation canals. The
Archimedes' screw is still in use today for pumping liquids and granulated solids such as coal and grain. The Archimedes' screw described in Roman times by
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is said to have been the largest ship built in classical antiquity. According to
Athenaeus, she was capable of carrying 600 people and included garden decorations, a
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among her facilities. Since a ship of this size would leak a considerable amount of water through the hull, the
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Sennacherib, Archimedes, and the Water Screw: The
Context of Invention in the Ancient World
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secondary pump free of the debris in the bilge that tends to clog the primary pump.
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had a number of common uses. Depending on where the pump was located in the
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described how King Hieron II commissioned
Archimedes to design a huge ship,
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may have been an improvement on a screw pump that was used to irrigate the
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The still-intact aft bilge pump of the
Swedish 17th century warship
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which turn on the pump when the bilge fills to a set level. Since
221:. Technology and Culture Volume 44, Number 1, January 2003 (PDF)
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262:"Watch an animation of an Archimedes' screw"
243:. Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences
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180:Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World
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16:A pump used to drain water from a vessel
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59:force pumps
43:bilge water
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158:Genoil Inc
140:References
39:water pump
35:bilge pump
130:Vitruvius
126:low-lying
117:Aphrodite
113:gymnasium
109:Syracusia
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270:Archived
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