460:), was a full-sized reissue published in 1858 by Roe Lockwood in New York under the supervision of John Woodhouse Audubon. Due in part to the Civil War, the edition was never finished; only 15 parts of the 44 part series were completed. This edition consisted of 105 plates and included none of the original text. Fewer than 100 subscriptions were sold, making this edition rarer than other early editions. When describing Audubon's practice of obtaining his subjects, ornithologist Anthony Bledsoe said, "Audubon used what we like to call today as the barrel-of-the-shotgun method...After he killed the birds, he would use a complex system of wires and strings to position the birds. Previous artists would draw the birds in a stiff position, but Audubon was different. He drew the birds in dynamic ways, by positioning them how he would observe them in the field."
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689:. Audubon scholars Waldemar Fries and Susanne Low have each attested to the high quality of Trinity’s copy, Fries proclaiming it “probably the finest extant” example of Audubon’s work and Low stating that it “has perhaps the most subtle and true-to-life colors” of the surviving copies. Each week at Watkinson Library a new plate is revealed in an event called "Flipping the Bird." In September of 2022 the library completed its decade-long progress through all four volumes of "Birds of America" and began again with Plate I of volume one.
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from 1827 to 1838 that cost each subscriber around $ 1,000. It is thought that no more than 120 complete sets exist today. Each set consists of 435 individual plates that are based upon the original paintings. Each plate was engraved, printed, and hand colored by Robert Havell of London. While
William Lizars, of Edinburgh, engraved the first ten plates, Havell actually finished some of those. Havell, in some cases added elements such as insects to the plate.
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487:. This, the first book purchased by the university, was bought in 1839 for $ 970 (equivalent to $ 110,000 in 2023), at the time an amazing sum. The entire volume of 435 plates is also available for viewing online at the websites of the University of Michigan and the Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County.
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to enable him to publish his artwork. He sold the copper engraving plates through on a subscription basis in North
America and Europe. Those subscribed obtained five plates at a time. Each subscriber received prints of three smaller birds, a larger bird and a mid-sized bird. The prints were produced
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owns a copy that previously belonged to
Audubon's friend and family doctor, Dr. Benjamin Phillips. Only this copy and that owned by the Stark Museum of Art contain 13 additional plates, added late in the project to correct earlier mistakes by compositing new plates onto previous prints. The Field
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edition, which was issued to subscribers in seven volumes and completed in 1844. Five more octavo editions were completed through 1877. The octavo edition used the text of the
Ornithological biography but increased the number of plates to 500, separating some birds which had originally appeared
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Audubon funded the costly printing project through a pay-as-you-go subscription. From 1826 to 1829, he travelled around the UK and to Paris, lecturing on ornithology and frontier
American life in an effort to entice wealthy patrons to subscribe to the series of prints. Subscribers included:
830:. Of the 120 copies known to survive, only thirteen are held in private collections. In March 2000, the Fox-Bute copy sold at Christie's, New York, for $ 8,802,500. In December 2005, an unbound copy, the Providence Athenaeum Set, sold, again at Christie's, New York, for $ 5.6 million.
251:. Also, there are five more images of 'mystery birds' that are not identified with any extant species : Townsend’s Finch (identified in a later edition as Townsend’s Bunting), Cuvier’s Kinglet, Carbonated Swamp Warbler, Small-headed Flycatcher and Blue Mountain Warbler.
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Prints were issued in sets of five every month or two in tin cases and each set usually included one very large bird, one medium-sized bird, and three small birds. The plates were published unbound and without any text to avoid having to furnish free copies to the
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at
Christie's, New York, for $ 7.9 million. The buyer was identified only as "an American collector who bid by phone." The sale brought the number of copies known to have survived to 120 – 107 in institution collections and 13 in private hands.
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785:, negotiated to purchase the copy for ÂŁ100, half what had been asked, and the library spent a further ÂŁ16 on restoring the bindings on three of the volumes. Stallard was in financial difficulties at the time and later committed suicide. The
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by four college students, Spencer
Reinhard, Warren Lipka, Eric Borsuk, and Chas Allen II. The robbers tasered the librarian, but were unable to complete the heist and all plead guilty and were sentenced to seven-year prison terms.
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to continuously display a rotating selection of plates to the public. Single plates have been exhibited for two weeks at a time in plate number order. In 2007, the university undertook a project to digitize every plate from
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Audubon often found support lacking. As a result, in 1826, he set sail for the United
Kingdom with 250 of his original illustrations, looking for the financial support of subscribers and the technical abilities of
258:, but he is not credited for his work in the book. He shot many specimen birds as well as transporting and maintaining supplies for Audubon. Audubon however used the background plants and insects painted by
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Norman, Ana. "What are the differences between an
Audubon Havell engraving and Bien Lithograph? How to differentiate between the two Double-Elephant folio Editions" Joel Oppenheimer Gallery, JUNE 20, 2023.
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About 1820, around the age of 35, Audubon declared his intention to paint every bird in North
America. In his bird art, he mainly forsook oil paint, the medium of serious artists of the day, in favour of
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Art historians describe Audubon's work as being of high quality and printed with "artistic finesse". The plant life backgrounds of some 50 of the bird studies were painted by Audubon's assistant
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After the folio edition was completed, Audubon decided to produce a more affordable edition and employed a lithographer from Philadelphia named J. T. Bowen. Bowen and his team created a smaller
559:, which owns a copy it ordered from the original subscription. To commemorate the book's record-breaking sale, the museum decided to display its copy (for which the museum eventually paid 2200
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406:. It is estimated that not more than 200 complete sets were ever compiled. An accompanying text, issued separately, was written by Audubon and the Scottish naturalist and ornithologist
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347:. Lizars engraved up to ten of the first plates but was unable to continue the project when his colourists went on strike. In 1827, Audubon engaged the noted London animal engraver
857:; the first volume of the set bears a presentation inscription from Witham's wife, dated 24 June 1831. Lord Hesketh had bought the copy from a descendant of Witham at a
536:, and, for the first time, presented the complete set for public viewing through one site on the internet. This event, called "Audubon day" was first conducted in 2011.
162:
502:, and was purchased with a grant from the Crown Zellerbach Corporation in 1964. In recent years, the event has drawn more than 200 visitors. It was profiled in a 2011
740:'s Watkinson Library, and was owned by the engraver, Robert Havell. It was donated to the college in 1900 by Gurdon Wadsworth Russell, an 1834 graduate of Trinity.
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The Havell copy of "Birds of America"—so named because it was the personal copy of Audubon's engraver Robert Havell—is on permanent exhibit in Watkinson Library at
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that had been recently restored and preserved by the Etherington Conservation Center, mounted a major exhibition of 62 selected plates and other materials in its
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262:, later wife of John Bachman, with credit. George Lehman was hired to draw some of the perches and background detail. Audubon also authored the companion book
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In 1830s, immediately after the publication, several plates were used as a basis for the design of a series of roller-printed furnishing fabric, produced in
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Norman, Ana. "A Guide to the Watermarks and Paper Types Found in Audubon’s Havell edition of The Birds of America" Joel Oppenheimer Gallery, MAY 26, 2023.
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hosted a major Audubon exhibition, exhibiting a copy of the book, along with prints from their archive and emphasizing the book's historical ties with
1999:
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301:, and pen and ink). As early as 1807, he developed a method of using wires and threads to hold dead birds in lifelike poses while he drew them.
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also holds a copy; originally a four-volume set, it was unbound to preserve the individual plates which have been digitized in the library's
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Norman, Ana. "Audubon Collecting Guide: An Overview of the Antique Original Editions of Audubon’s Birds of America" Joel Oppenheimer, Inc.
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and stored in custom-made boxes in the Toronto Reference Library. Another complete copy of the prints, bound in 17 volumes, belongs to the
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1812:"Columbia University Libraries Online Exhibitions | Jewels in Her Crown: Treasures of Columbia University Libraries Special Collections"
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732:, along with an even more rare copy of Audubon's original prospectus shared with publishers, of which there are only 16 extant copies.
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A full 8-volume, double-elephant folio version is on public display in the Audubon Room at the Harlan Hatcher Graduate Library at the
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3079:"JOHN JAMES AUDUBON | The Birds of America; from Original Drawings by John James Audubon. London: Published by the Author, 1827–1838"
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magazine estimated that, adjusted for inflation, five of the ten highest prices ever paid for printed books were paid for copies of
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17:
366:, because of its size) was printed on handmade paper 39.5 inches tall by 28.5 inches wide. The principal printing technique was
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https://www.audubonart.com/a-guide-to-the-watermarks-and-paper-types-found-in-audubons-havell-edition-of-the-birds-of-america/
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770:, Canada. The McGill University Library copy is one of the crown jewels in McGill's Blacker Wood Natural History Collection.
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2246:"Original Audubon Prints - Antique Natural History Prints - Books - Havell - Bien - Imperial Folio - Bird and Animal Prints"
1720:"Original Audubon Prints - Antique Natural History Prints - Books - Havell - Bien - Imperial Folio - Bird and Animal Prints"
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Norman, Ana. "Audubon’s Miniature Folio – The Octavo Edition of Birds of America" Joel Oppenheimer Gallery, JUNE 21, 2023.
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and London. Not all of the specimens illustrated in the work were collected by Audubon himself; some were sent to him by
3002:"Lot 50: The Birds of America; from original drawings by John James Audubon. London: published by the author, 1827–1838"
2055:"Birds of America by John James Audubon at Hill Memorial Library at Louisiana State University-The Joys of Slow Looking"
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Though individual prints are commonly available, only 120 complete sets are known to exist. One complete copy of
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876:, New York, for $ 6.6 million. This copy was an early subscriber's edition which had originally belonged to the
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in Glasgow, Scotland holds one volume which is on display in the library, together with an interactive version.
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793:, Scotland, also holds a full, four-volume set of this publication. Another complete collection is housed with
641:, allowing readers to view the contents close-up without damaging the original copy using an Evoke Ev5 Kiosk.
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418:. The additional cost of the five volumes of text brought the total cost of plates and text to about $ 1000.
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https://www.audubonart.com/what-are-the-differences-between-an-audubon-havell-engraving-and-bien-lithograph/
2685:"Birds of America at the Toronto Public Library · John J. Audubon's Birds of America · TPL Virtual Exhibits"
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were also used. Colorists applied each color in assembly-line fashion (over fifty were hired for the work).
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Libraries have hosted "Audubon Day," a semi-annual public showing of all four volumes of LSU's copy of the
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144:
841:. The winning bid was a record auction price for a printed book and was placed by London-based art dealer
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1991:
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433:. Audubon had personally visited Columbia in 1833 and displayed his drawings to the college's president,
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31:
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Norman, Ana. "Extinct Species in Audubon’s Birds of America" Joel Oppenheimer Gallery, JUNE 15, 2023.
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for ÂŁ7,321,250 during the sale of Magnificent Books, Manuscripts and Drawings from the collection of
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Ornithological Biography, or, An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of America
30:"Birds of America (book)" redirects here. For the collection of short stories by Lorrie Moore, see
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972:, one of several mystery birds which have not been confirmed. It may have been plagiarised from
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on display in a glass case, with its pages turned weekly, as well as being displayed through an
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began a five-year exhibition of its restored four-volume set purchased for the state by Governor
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523:. Following this, the university constructed an exhibit case on the ground floor of the school's
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3252:, the complete sets of 435 plates of drawings, with the accompanying five volumes of textbooks.
1368:'Narrative of a Journey Across the Rocky Mountains to the Columbia River' by John Kirk Townsend
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2319:"Life-size illustrations of birds take center stage at Audubon's Birds of America exhibition"
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https://www.audubonart.com/audubons-miniature-folio-the-octavo-edition-of-birds-of-america/
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purchased a four-volume complete copy in 1871 from William Stallard, a school principal in
407:
248:
437:, after which the college raised $ 800 for its subscription, which was completed in 1838.
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The birds of America : from drawings made in the United States and their territories
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3098:"Audubon's Bird of Washington: unravelling the fraud that launched The birds of America"
1968:
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plates, measuring around 39 by 26 inches (99 by 66 cm). It includes images of five
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2824:"Stunning pictures show one of the world's most expensive books in Glasgow library"
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Three universities were original subscribers to the double-elephant folio version:
224:
155:
56:
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1945:
1906:"The Registry Of Nature Habitats - Audubon Birds of America - Publisher's Preface"
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On 20 January 2012, a complete copy of the first edition was sold by the heirs of
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3487:
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3135:"Furnishing fabric, Lancashire, 1830s, Victoria and Albert Museum, CIRC.305-1956"
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362:(sometimes called the Havell Edition after its printer, and sometimes called the
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On 6 December 2010, a complete copy of the first edition was sold in London at
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2799:"Library safeguards one of the rarest and most expensive books in the world"
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together. Some new drawings were included, mostly by Audubon's youngest son
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1017:
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188:. It was first published as a series in sections between 1827 and 1838, in
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283:
208:
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https://www.audubonart.com/extinct-species-in-audubons-birds-of-america/
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1480:"The Joseph Mason Project, Historic Spring Grove Cemetery and Arboretum"
2979:"Collectors Circle as 'Birds of America' Comes to Auction at Sotheby's"
1880:"Bowen Royal Octavo Gallery - Birds of America - Audubon House Gallery"
1289:
1281:
846:
563:—a fortune at the time—during the years 1827–1838) until January 2011.
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340:
216:
2773:"World's most expensive printed book displayed at library in Scotland"
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On 18 December 2019, a complete copy of the first edition was sold by
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All of Audubon's and Mason's known extant watercolors preparatory for
3386:
2710:"Library of Parliament digitized John James Audubon bird masterpiece"
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details reported by the auction house, the copy's original owner was
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336:
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236:
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2960:"Shakespeare first edition breaks Sotheby's record with ÂŁ2.8m salet"
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John Kirk Townsend: Collector of Audubon's Western Birds and Mammals
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Museum produced and displayed an exhibit based around their copy of
441:
355:. Havell Jr. oversaw the project through to its completion in 1838.
343:, he journeyed to Edinburgh, where he met the accomplished engraver
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3625:
2609:"Rauner Special Collections Library: Audubon's Prospective Patrons"
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371:
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3159:
The Double Elephant Folio: The Story of Audubon's Birds of America
2116:"Pitt's University Library System Hosts Second Annual Audubon Day"
1925:"The Bien Edition / The Project, Quality, Errors and Market Value"
674:
Two copies are on permanent display on the mezzanine level of the
498:
The set formerly belonged to one of the original subscribers, the
81:
The Birds of America; from original drawings by John James Audubon
2875:"John James Audubon's 'Birds Of America' Sells for $ 8.8 Million"
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1081:
790:
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in New Hampshire owns a complete set that originally belonged to
608:
560:
556:
298:
3243:, with high resolution images of all 435 double elephant folios.
748:, possesses a complete copy that was purchased by its president
274:
1331:
845:, who outbid three others during the auction. According to the
767:
449:, though Audubon and members of Bowen's team also contributed.
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and pastel crayons (and occasionally pencil, charcoal, chalk,
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2754:"Annotation: Audubon's Birds of America in the State Library"
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auction for $ 8.8 million, a record for any book at auction.
2534:"Audubon's Birds of America at the University of Pittsburgh"
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1535:. University Library System, University of Pittsburgh. 2008
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596:, owns and exhibits John James Audubon's personal copy of
551:
In 2007, the book was the subject of an exhibition by the
156:
2940:
2912:"Rare 'Birds of America' book fetches $ 11.5M at auction"
3031:"'Birds of America' Book Fetches Record $ 11.5 Million"
2850:"Meisei University Birds Of America, Meisei University"
2582:"At Rauner, Celebrating the Work of John James Audubon"
3255:
The Royal Octavo edition, in seven volumes, complete:
3175:. New Haven: William Reese Co. & Donald A. Heald.
1500:"Blast From the Past: Everyone Needs a Good Assistant"
1946:"Audubon Galleries Original Audubon Books and Prints"
3201:
https://www.audubonart.com/audubon-collecting-guide/
3055:. Associated Press. 20 January 2012. Archived from
2195:"The Real-life Heist Caper Behind American Animals"
3301:is available for free viewing and download at the
2052:
660:, Scotland, has the four volume elephant folio of
322:and New York, looking for financial support using
207:The work consists of 435 hand-coloured, life-size
3312:/Volume 31/September 1887/Sketch of J. J. Audubon
1836:Audubon, John James; Bowen, John T. (1840–1844).
1835:
1489:. Ruthven.com website. Accessed 17 December 2015.
1398:""Extinct Species in Audubon's Birds of America""
4004:
2735:"One Minute Wonder - Audubon's Birds of America"
2142:"Birders flock to Audubon's art - The Pitt News"
1454:"Audubon's 'Birds' now in flock on one Web site"
853:of Durham, listed as subscriber 11 in Audubon's
184:, containing illustrations of a wide variety of
3298:John James Audubon: The Birds of America (1986)
2222:. Vogelsxxl.nl. 3 November 2007. Archived from
335:and printers. After exhibiting his drawings in
2976:
1417:"Five Mystery Birds Among Audubon's Paintings"
1332:"The birds of America; from original drawings"
219:birds and three more possibly extinct birds:
102:Birds – North America; Birds – pictorial works
3344:
3187:John James Audubon: The Making of an American
2945:World's most expensive book goes back on sale
2421:"Prize possessions on show at Paisley museum"
1969:"About Audubon and His Octavo Edition Prints"
1614:"1838 dollars in 2015 | Inflation Calculator"
539:In 2004, there was an attempted heist of the
3102:Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club
2954:
2952:
2355:
2091:"Free Audubon Day includes prints, lectures"
1689:
1687:
1302:List of most expensive books and manuscripts
269:
3882:Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom
2996:
2994:
2992:
2770:
2260:
1585:"Central Park's Winged Tenants, By Audubon"
707:
676:Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library
508:article titled "The Joys of Slow Looking."
3351:
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1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1579:
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48:
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1989:
1684:
3533:Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes
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3022:
2989:
2506:"Flipping the Bird - First Bird Edition"
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
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691:
669:Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons
568:Buffalo & Erie County Public Library
467:
303:
273:
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2238:
1990:McCormack, Cristina (2 November 2015).
1776:"Vibrant Birds Of America, Via Germany"
1768:
1743:
1705:
1572:
861:auction on 3 July 1951, paying ÂŁ7,000.
414:between 1831 and 1839, under the title
14:
4005:
3127:
3095:
3089:
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2751:
2363:"Rekindling Liverpool Central Library"
1637:
1603:This is equivalent to $ 24,600 in 2015
1451:
1414:
515:, which owns a complete collection of
3332:
3173:A Guide to Audubon's Birds of America
3019:
2922:from the original on 11 December 2010
2797:Weldon, Victoria (26 November 2018).
2635:"Trinity College is Nest for Birders"
2632:
2528:
2526:
2495:Fries, 2006, p. 213; Low, 2002, p. 14
2476:Yale University - Audubon at Beinecke
2002:from the original on 25 February 2021
1966:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1313:
472:The fourth volume, on display at the
463:
3049:"Audubon's 'Birds' sells for $ 7.9M"
2558:Pitz, Marylynne (16 November 2013).
2557:
2337:
2166:
1447:
1445:
384:Queen Adelaide of the United Kingdom
27:1827–1838 book by John James Audubon
3760:The Naturalist on the River Amazons
3358:
3161:. Amherst, MA: Zenaida Publishing.
3096:Halley, Matthew R. (22 June 2020),
2977:Ellen Gamerman (26 November 2010).
2909:
2192:
1377:
656:Paisley Museum and Art Gallery, in
24:
3029:Reyburn, Scott (7 December 2010).
2771:O'Toole, Emer (27 November 2018).
2613:Rauner Special Collections Library
2523:
2472:"Exhibition - Audubon at Beinecke"
2220:"Teyler's 2007 exhibition website"
2053:Willard Spiegelman (19 May 2011).
1518:
1415:Pollak, Michael (21 August 2015).
1267:Gallery of the rest of the plates.
474:National Museum of Natural History
54:The cover shows a Louisiana heron,
25:
4064:
3231:
2760:(62). La Trobe University: 21–23.
2607:Library, Rauner (25 April 2017).
1922:
1442:
570:'s Rare Book Room has a complete
485:University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
410:and published in five volumes in
3950:
1992:"Birders flock to Audubon's art"
1816:exhibitions.library.columbia.edu
1758:"Rarae Aves: Audubon At Auction"
1244:
1222:
1200:
1178:
1154:
1132:
1110:
1072:
1050:
1028:
1006:
984:
962:
950:
930:
912:
894:
807:Saud Al-Thani of Qatar purchased
3992:List of natural history dealers
3660:The Natural History of Selborne
3241:at the University of Pittsburgh
3151:
3071:
3041:
2934:
2903:
2885:
2842:
2816:
2790:
2764:
2745:
2727:
2702:
2677:
2664:Union College Schaeffer Library
2652:
2626:
2600:
2574:
2551:
2498:
2489:
2464:
2439:
2413:
2395:
2377:
2323:Field Museum of Natural History
2311:
2286:
2212:
2186:
2167:Falk, John (13 February 2015).
2160:
2134:
2122:. University of Pittsburgh News
2108:
2083:
2065:
2046:
2032:
2014:
1983:
1960:
1938:
1916:
1898:
1872:
1829:
1804:
1786:
1734:
1695:"Victoria Gallery & Museum"
1670:
1640:"The Bugs of America 1826–1838"
1631:
1606:
1597:
1547:
878:Yorkshire Philosophical Society
800:
605:Field Museum of Natural History
543:'s four double-sized folios of
404:British legal deposit libraries
4018:Book series introduced in 1827
3894:Adaptive Coloration in Animals
2560:"Pitt exhibits Audubon prints"
1678:"Audubon and men of influence"
1492:
1472:
1408:
1390:
1371:
1362:
1349:
13:
1:
3317:Guide to resources regarding
3189:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
2854:birdsofamerica.meisei-u.ac.jp
1307:
574:, which is often on display.
61:(now called tricolored heron)
3114:10.25226/bboc.v140i2.2020.a3
2510:Trinity College, Connecticut
2403:"Audubon's Birds of America"
2073:"Audubon's Birds of America"
2022:"PictureIt Rare Book Reader"
1555:"Audubon's Birds of America"
1452:Hoover, Bob (4 March 2008).
738:Trinity College, Connecticut
687:Trinity College, Connecticut
621:North Carolina Museum of Art
431:University of South Carolina
390:; and, later, the Americans
196:, who had collected them on
7:
3650:Bernard Germain de Lacépède
2879:Art & Antiques Magazine
1740:Rhodes, 2004, pp. 273, 389.
1378:Society, National Audubon.
1295:
1271:
1086:(Clockwise from top right:
781:. The library's president,
736:is on permanent display in
703:(now called mourning dove).
646:National Museum of Scotland
583:New-York Historical Society
370:etching, but engraving and
10:
4069:
4043:American non-fiction books
4038:Birds of the United States
3672:A History of British Birds
3319:Audubon's Birds of America
2193:Lee, Chris (1 June 2018).
1701:. University of Liverpool.
492:Louisiana State University
264:Ornithological Biographies
186:birds of the United States
29:
3987:Natural History Societies
3959:
3948:
3864:
3855:The Royal Natural History
3707:Ornithological Dictionary
3694:
3616:Johan Christian Fabricius
3542:
3448:
3375:
3366:
2562:. Pittsburgh Post Gazette
2407:National Museums Scotland
1840:. New York: J.J. Audubon.
1559:digital2.library.pitt.edu
1230:Black-throated magpie-jay
957:Harlan's hawk in plate 86
887:
718:The Darlington Collection
631:Liverpool Central Library
318:In 1823, Audubon went to
282:depicting a wild turkey (
270:Early publication history
154:
142:
134:
126:
116:
106:
98:
86:
76:
66:
47:
4023:Ornithological handbooks
3833:The Naturalist's Library
3736:On the Origin of Species
3185:Rhodes, Richard (2004).
3157:Fries, Waldemar (2006).
2385:"The book and the kiosk"
1485:22 December 2015 at the
1280:Furnishing fabric, from
880:and was later bought by
866:the 4th Duke of Portland
855:Ornithological Biography
775:Melbourne Public Library
722:University of Pittsburgh
708:Collections and archives
633:currently has a copy of
625:William Alexander Graham
534:Ornithological Biography
513:University of Pittsburgh
452:The Bien Edition (after
380:King Charles X of France
358:The original edition of
200:'s 1834 expedition with
3967:Natural history museums
3569:Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
3310:Popular Science Monthly
2983:The Wall Street Journal
2095:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
2059:The Wall Street Journal
1458:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
1167:Campephilus principalis
1162:Ivory-billed woodpecker
904:Aphelocoma coerulescens
541:Transylvania University
532:, as well as Audubon's
364:"Double Elephant Folio"
311:Conuropsis carolinensis
245:Ivory-billed woodpecker
18:Birds of America (book)
4033:Birds of North America
4028:Fine illustrated books
4013:1827 non-fiction books
3819:William Jackson Hooker
3767:Alexander von Humboldt
3684:Philosophie zoologique
3467:Pinax theatri botanici
2752:Hubber, Brian (1998).
2739:McGill Library YouTube
1948:. Audubongalleries.com
1794:"William MacGillivray"
1638:Wagner, James (2019).
1285:
919:Prothonotary warbler (
805:In March 2000, Sheikh
756:Toronto Public Library
704:
521:University Art Gallery
500:Duke of Northumberland
480:
447:John Woodhouse Audubon
435:William Alexander Duer
315:
289:
198:Nathaniel Jarvis Wyeth
3905:The Study of Instinct
3844:Kunstformen der Natur
3748:The Malay Archipelago
3743:Alfred Russel Wallace
3679:Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
3171:Low, Susanne (2002).
2828:Glasgow Evening Times
2447:"Doors Open Day 2015"
2268:"News Article 7-4-07"
1644:American Entomologist
1618:www.in2013dollars.com
1279:
882:Joseph Verner Reed Jr
839:the 2nd Baron Hesketh
764:Library of Parliament
695:
471:
307:
277:
239:, and, possibly, the
43:The Birds of America
3824:Joseph Dalton Hooker
3777:The Birds of America
3324:Field Museum Library
2943:, 9 September 2010,
2758:The La Trobe Journal
2660:"Audubon Collection"
2298:Field Museum Library
2256:on 11 November 2010.
1355:Mearns, B. & R.
1089:Psaltriparus minimus
1041:Phoenicopterus ruber
828:The Birds of America
811:The Birds of America
734:The Birds of America
714:The Birds of America
408:William MacGillivray
388:the 2nd Earl Spencer
360:The Birds of America
173:The Birds of America
3872:Martinus Beijerinck
3415:De Natura Animalium
3247:Meisei University:
3053:New York Daily News
2274:on 16 December 2010
2226:on 15 December 2010
2169:"Majoring In Crime"
1593:. 26 December 2003.
1336:Library of Congress
922:Protonotaria citrea
590:Stark Museum of Art
505:Wall Street Journal
423:Columbia University
308:Carolina parakeet (
285:Meleagris gallopavo
77:Original title
44:
4053:John James Audubon
3977:Parson-naturalists
3809:Philip Henry Gosse
3772:John James Audubon
3755:Henry Walter Bates
3643:Histoire Naturelle
3631:Historia Plantarum
3519:Avium Praecipuarum
3503:Historia animalium
3404:Historia Plantarum
3392:History of Animals
2899:. 8 December 2010.
2830:. 26 November 2018
2427:. 12 November 2015
2409:. 20 October 2021.
2389:evoke-kiosks.co.uk
2365:. Sevenstreets.com
2294:"Composite Plates"
1780:The New York Times
1762:The New York Times
1590:The New York Times
1504:History Detectives
1421:The New York Times
1292:, United Kingdom.
1286:
1095:Parus atricapillus
970:Bird of Washington
843:Michael Tollemache
820:In December 2010,
773:In Australia, the
716:exists as part of
705:
585:in New York City.
581:are housed at the
481:
464:Public exhibitions
427:Harvard University
351:, and his father,
316:
290:
280:John James Audubon
194:John Kirk Townsend
182:John James Audubon
90:John James Audubon
71:John James Audubon
42:
4000:
3999:
3946:
3945:
3564:Marcello Malpighi
3458:Ulisse Aldrovandi
3438:De Materia Medica
2148:. 2 November 2015
2120:www.news.pitt.edu
1971:. Auduboninfo.net
1656:10.1093/ae/tmz066
1533:"Audubon at Pitt"
1257:Cygnus buccinator
1235:Calocitta colliei
1208:Rough-legged hawk
1063:Caracara cheriway
1036:American flamingo
1019:Branta canadensis
797:in Tokyo, Japan.
795:Meisei University
783:Sir Redmond Barry
726:Dartmouth College
639:interactive kiosk
609:Chicago, Illinois
496:Birds of America.
454:chromolithography
349:Robert Havell Jr.
345:William H. Lizars
249:Bachman's warbler
221:Carolina parakeet
169:
168:
127:Publication place
16:(Redirected from
4060:
3954:
3927:The Dancing Bees
3851:Richard Lydekker
3799:Jean-Henri Fabre
3784:William Buckland
3589:Regnier de Graaf
3483:Andrea Cesalpino
3373:
3372:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3330:
3329:
3303:Internet Archive
3249:Birds of America
3239:Birds of America
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3026:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
2998:
2987:
2986:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2956:
2947:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2639:www.trincoll.edu
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2538:audubon.pitt.edu
2530:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2502:
2496:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2270:. Archived from
2264:
2258:
2257:
2252:. Archived from
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1882:. Archived from
1876:
1870:
1841:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1754:
1741:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1730:on 19 June 2010.
1726:. Archived from
1716:
1703:
1702:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1610:
1604:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1581:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1529:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1496:
1490:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1460:. Pittsburgh, PA
1449:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1384:web4.audubon.org
1375:
1369:
1366:
1360:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1328:
1248:
1226:
1204:
1191:Falco rusticolus
1182:
1172:Possibly extinct
1158:
1136:
1123:Falco peregrinus
1118:Peregrine falcon
1114:
1076:
1058:Crested caracara
1054:
1032:
1010:
988:
966:
954:
942:Bubo virginianus
937:Great horned owl
934:
916:
898:
787:Mitchell Library
700:Zenaida macroura
696:Carolina pigeon,
662:Birds of America
635:Birds of America
614:Birds of America
598:Birds of America
579:Birds of America
572:Birds of America
545:Birds of America
530:Birds of America
517:Birds of America
490:Since 1992, the
478:Washington, D.C.
353:Robert Havell Sr
225:passenger pigeon
158:
118:Publication date
58:Egretta tricolor
52:
45:
41:
33:Birds of America
21:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3955:
3942:
3923:Karl von Frisch
3860:
3829:William Jardine
3719:Le Règne Animal
3690:
3638:Comte de Buffon
3599:Systema Naturae
3538:
3510:Frederik Ruysch
3488:Valerius Cordus
3478:Hieronymus Bock
3444:
3426:Natural History
3421:Pliny the Elder
3378:
3368:
3362:
3360:Natural history
3357:
3295:The short film
3234:
3154:
3149:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3094:
3090:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3062:
3060:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3027:
3020:
3010:
3008:
3000:
2999:
2990:
2975:
2971:
2964:The Independent
2958:
2957:
2950:
2939:
2935:
2925:
2923:
2910:Collett, Mike.
2908:
2904:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2858:
2856:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2833:
2831:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2807:
2805:
2795:
2791:
2781:
2779:
2769:
2765:
2750:
2746:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2718:
2716:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2668:
2666:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2643:
2641:
2631:
2627:
2617:
2615:
2605:
2601:
2591:
2589:
2588:. 26 April 2017
2580:
2579:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2556:
2552:
2542:
2540:
2532:
2531:
2524:
2514:
2512:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2480:
2478:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2455:
2453:
2451:College Library
2445:
2444:
2440:
2430:
2428:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2368:
2366:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2349:ncartmuseum.org
2343:
2342:
2338:
2328:
2326:
2325:. 23 April 2019
2317:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2300:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2277:
2275:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2250:minniesland.com
2244:
2243:
2239:
2229:
2227:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2203:
2201:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2165:
2161:
2151:
2149:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2125:
2123:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2051:
2047:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2005:
2003:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1972:
1965:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1929:
1927:
1921:
1917:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1889:
1887:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1834:
1830:
1820:
1818:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1782:. 25 June 2004.
1774:
1773:
1769:
1764:. 3 March 2000.
1756:
1755:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1724:minniesland.com
1718:
1717:
1706:
1693:
1692:
1685:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1636:
1632:
1622:
1620:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1583:
1582:
1573:
1563:
1561:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1531:
1530:
1519:
1509:
1507:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1487:Wayback Machine
1477:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1450:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1413:
1409:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1380:"Extinct Birds"
1376:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1330:
1329:
1314:
1310:
1298:
1274:
1262:
1261:
1253:
1249:
1240:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1218:
1217:
1209:
1205:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1150:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1128:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1106:
1105:
1101:Parus rufescens
1085:
1077:
1068:
1067:
1059:
1055:
1046:
1045:
1037:
1033:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1011:
1002:
1001:
993:
989:
980:
967:
958:
955:
946:
938:
935:
926:
917:
908:
899:
890:
803:
760:Digital Archive
746:Schenectady, NY
710:
697:
680:Yale University
655:
525:Hillman Library
466:
272:
237:pinnated grouse
147:
119:
91:
62:
55:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4066:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3974:
3963:
3961:
3957:
3956:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3933:Ronald Lockley
3930:
3920:
3908:
3901:Niko Tinbergen
3898:
3886:
3874:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3848:
3836:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3769:
3764:
3752:
3740:
3731:Charles Darwin
3728:
3723:
3714:Georges Cuvier
3711:
3702:George Montagu
3698:
3696:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3676:
3664:
3652:
3647:
3635:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3591:
3586:
3584:Jan Swammerdam
3581:
3576:
3574:William Derham
3571:
3566:
3561:
3548:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3526:
3515:William Turner
3512:
3507:
3498:Conrad Gessner
3495:
3493:Leonhart Fuchs
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3463:Gaspard Bauhin
3460:
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3446:
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3418:
3408:
3396:
3383:
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3370:
3364:
3363:
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3355:
3348:
3341:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3314:
3306:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3289:Volume 7, 1844
3286:
3284:Volume 6, 1843
3281:
3279:Volume 5, 1842
3276:
3274:Volume 4, 1842
3271:
3269:Volume 3, 1841
3266:
3264:Volume 2, 1841
3261:
3259:Volume 1, 1840
3253:
3244:
3233:
3232:External links
3230:
3229:
3228:
3222:
3216:
3210:
3203:
3197:
3183:
3169:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3126:
3108:(2): 110–141,
3088:
3070:
3059:on 7 July 2012
3040:
3018:
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2948:
2933:
2902:
2884:
2866:
2841:
2815:
2803:Glasgow Herald
2789:
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2744:
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2689:omeka.tplcs.ca
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2586:Dartmouth News
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2107:
2082:
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2031:
2013:
1982:
1959:
1937:
1915:
1910:abirdshome.com
1897:
1886:on 3 July 2010
1871:
1828:
1803:
1785:
1767:
1742:
1733:
1704:
1683:
1669:
1650:(4): 238–249.
1630:
1605:
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1571:
1546:
1517:
1506:. 8 March 2013
1491:
1478:Burt, DeVere.
1471:
1441:
1407:
1402:audubonart.com
1389:
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1348:
1311:
1309:
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1252:Trumpeter swan
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1057:
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1049:
1047:
1035:
1034:
1027:
1025:
1013:
1012:
1005:
1003:
997:Cathartes aura
992:Turkey vulture
991:
990:
983:
981:
968:
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956:
949:
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936:
929:
927:
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909:
900:
893:
889:
886:
802:
799:
750:Eliphalet Nott
730:Daniel Webster
709:
706:
616:in 2019–2020.
553:Teylers Museum
465:
462:
392:Daniel Webster
314:), now extinct
271:
268:
202:Thomas Nuttall
167:
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3916:On Aggression
3912:
3911:Konrad Lorenz
3909:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3877:Abbott Thayer
3875:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3839:Ernst Haeckel
3837:
3834:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3804:Louis Agassiz
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3789:Charles Lyell
3787:
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3779:
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3768:
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3756:
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3732:
3729:
3727:
3726:William Smith
3724:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3667:Thomas Bewick
3665:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3655:Gilbert White
3653:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3606:Georg Steller
3604:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3594:Carl Linnaeus
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
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3545:
3544:Enlightenment
3541:
3534:
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3527:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3473:Otto Brunfels
3471:
3468:
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3461:
3459:
3456:
3455:
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3257:
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3227:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3209:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3196:
3195:0-375-41412-6
3192:
3188:
3184:
3182:
3181:0-939-22609-X
3178:
3174:
3170:
3168:
3167:0-977-08290-3
3164:
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3130:
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3119:
3115:
3111:
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2913:
2906:
2898:
2897:The Economist
2894:
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2829:
2825:
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2759:
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2527:
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2442:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2364:
2358:
2350:
2346:
2345:"Exhibitions"
2340:
2324:
2320:
2314:
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2273:
2269:
2263:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2200:
2196:
2189:
2174:
2170:
2163:
2147:
2146:The Pitt News
2143:
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2111:
2096:
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2086:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2060:
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2027:
2023:
2017:
2001:
1997:
1996:The Pitt News
1993:
1986:
1970:
1963:
1947:
1941:
1926:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1832:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1737:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1688:
1679:
1673:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1634:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1600:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1534:
1528:
1526:
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1522:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1475:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1446:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1374:
1365:
1358:
1352:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1312:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1291:
1283:
1278:
1269:
1268:
1259:
1258:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1213:Buteo lagopus
1203:
1198:
1193:
1192:
1181:
1176:
1169:
1168:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1090:
1083:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1064:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1009:
1004:
999:
998:
987:
982:
978:
977:
971:
965:
960:
953:
948:
944:
943:
933:
928:
924:
923:
915:
910:
906:
905:
901:Florida jay (
897:
892:
891:
885:
883:
879:
875:
870:
867:
862:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
831:
829:
825:
824:
823:The Economist
818:
816:
812:
808:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
751:
747:
743:
742:Union College
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
702:
701:
694:
690:
688:
683:
681:
677:
672:
670:
665:
663:
659:
653:
651:
647:
644:In 2022, the
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
626:
622:
617:
615:
610:
606:
601:
599:
595:
594:Orange, Texas
591:
586:
584:
580:
575:
573:
569:
564:
562:
558:
554:
549:
546:
542:
537:
535:
531:
526:
522:
518:
514:
511:In 2003, the
509:
507:
506:
501:
497:
493:
488:
486:
479:
475:
470:
461:
459:
455:
450:
448:
443:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
328:
325:
324:subscriptions
321:
313:
312:
306:
302:
300:
296:
287:
286:
281:
276:
267:
265:
261:
257:
252:
250:
246:
242:
241:Eskimo curlew
238:
234:
230:
229:Labrador duck
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
176:is a book by
175:
174:
164:
161:
159:
157:LC Class
153:
149:
146:
145:Dewey Decimal
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
115:
112:
109:
105:
101:
97:
94:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
72:
69:
65:
60:
59:
51:
46:
40:
36:
34:
19:
4048:Birds in art
3936:
3926:
3914:
3904:
3892:
3889:Hugh B. Cott
3880:
3865:20th century
3854:
3842:
3832:
3776:
3775:
3758:
3746:
3734:
3717:
3705:
3695:19th century
3682:
3670:
3658:
3641:
3629:
3621:James Hutton
3611:Joseph Banks
3597:
3557:Micrographia
3555:
3552:Robert Hooke
3532:
3522:
3518:
3501:
3466:
3436:
3424:
3414:
3402:
3399:Theophrastus
3390:
3318:
3309:
3297:
3248:
3238:
3186:
3172:
3158:
3152:Bibliography
3138:. Retrieved
3129:
3105:
3101:
3091:
3082:
3073:
3061:. Retrieved
3057:the original
3052:
3043:
3034:
3009:. Retrieved
2982:
2972:
2963:
2936:
2924:. Retrieved
2905:
2896:
2893:"Book value"
2887:
2878:
2869:
2857:. Retrieved
2853:
2844:
2832:. Retrieved
2827:
2818:
2806:. Retrieved
2802:
2792:
2780:. Retrieved
2777:The National
2776:
2766:
2757:
2747:
2738:
2729:
2717:. Retrieved
2713:
2704:
2692:. Retrieved
2688:
2679:
2667:. Retrieved
2663:
2654:
2642:. Retrieved
2638:
2628:
2616:. Retrieved
2612:
2602:
2590:. Retrieved
2585:
2576:
2564:. Retrieved
2553:
2541:. Retrieved
2537:
2513:. Retrieved
2509:
2500:
2491:
2479:. Retrieved
2475:
2466:
2454:. Retrieved
2450:
2441:
2429:. Retrieved
2424:
2415:
2406:
2397:
2388:
2379:
2367:. Retrieved
2357:
2348:
2339:
2327:. Retrieved
2322:
2313:
2301:. Retrieved
2297:
2288:
2276:. Retrieved
2272:the original
2262:
2254:the original
2249:
2240:
2228:. Retrieved
2224:the original
2214:
2202:. Retrieved
2198:
2188:
2176:. Retrieved
2172:
2162:
2150:. Retrieved
2145:
2136:
2124:. Retrieved
2119:
2110:
2098:. Retrieved
2094:
2085:
2076:
2067:
2058:
2048:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2004:. Retrieved
1995:
1985:
1973:. Retrieved
1962:
1950:. Retrieved
1940:
1930:30 September
1928:. Retrieved
1923:Flynn, Ron.
1918:
1909:
1900:
1888:. Retrieved
1884:the original
1874:
1837:
1831:
1819:. Retrieved
1815:
1806:
1797:
1788:
1779:
1770:
1761:
1736:
1728:the original
1723:
1698:
1672:
1647:
1643:
1633:
1621:. Retrieved
1617:
1608:
1599:
1588:
1562:. Retrieved
1558:
1549:
1537:. Retrieved
1508:. Retrieved
1503:
1494:
1474:
1462:. Retrieved
1457:
1432:. Retrieved
1420:
1410:
1401:
1392:
1383:
1373:
1364:
1356:
1351:
1339:. Retrieved
1287:
1265:
1256:
1234:
1212:
1190:
1166:
1144:
1122:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1062:
1040:
1018:
1014:Canada goose
996:
975:
941:
925:) in plate 3
921:
902:
871:
863:
854:
851:Henry Witham
832:
827:
821:
819:
810:
804:
801:Recent sales
772:
754:
733:
713:
711:
699:
684:
673:
666:
661:
654:
643:
634:
629:
619:In 2010 the
618:
613:
602:
597:
587:
578:
576:
571:
565:
550:
544:
538:
533:
529:
516:
510:
503:
495:
489:
482:
451:
442:Royal Octavo
439:
420:
415:
400:
376:
359:
357:
329:
320:Philadelphia
317:
309:
295:watercolours
291:
284:
263:
260:Maria Martin
256:Joseph Mason
253:
211:, made from
206:
180:and painter
172:
171:
170:
93:Joseph Mason
80:
57:
39:
32:
3937:Shearwaters
3794:Mary Anning
3579:Hans Sloane
3529:John Gerard
3523:New Herball
3450:Renaissance
3433:Dioscorides
3369:naturalists
3140:23 February
3011:10 December
2926:10 December
2859:27 November
2633:Webmaster.
2566:27 November
2543:27 November
2425:dailyrecord
2278:12 December
2230:10 December
2152:29 November
2126:29 November
2100:29 November
2040:"CONTENTdm"
1975:10 December
1967:Ron Flynn.
1952:10 December
1821:27 December
1623:27 November
1564:27 November
1510:27 November
1341:10 December
458:Julius Bien
368:copperplate
278:Plate 1 by
111:Ornithology
87:Illustrator
4007:Categories
3367:Pioneering
2834:26 October
2808:26 October
2782:26 October
2719:26 October
2481:21 October
2456:3 December
2431:3 December
2369:24 January
1890:9 December
1308:References
1290:Lancashire
1282:Lancashire
976:Cyclopædia
859:Christie's
847:provenance
815:Christie's
809:a copy of
429:, and the
396:Henry Clay
341:Manchester
178:naturalist
3387:Aristotle
3379:antiquity
3377:Classical
3122:219970340
3083:Sotheby's
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