2487:
166:(a total of 2,052,680 deaths over the time period) found that although people's life span tended to correlate with their month of birth, there was no consistent birthday effect, and people born in autumn or winter were more likely to die in the months further from their birthday. A study of all cancer deaths in Germany from 1995 to 2009 found no evidence of a birthday effect, although it did find a related Christmas effect. A small study by
2497:
132:(predominant in women) and suicides and accidents (predominant in men), as well as an increase in cancer deaths. Among 25 million Americans who died between 1998 and 2011, 6.7% more people than expected die on their birthday, and the effect was most pronounced at weekends and among the young — among 20 to 29 year olds, the excess was over 25%. An even greater excess was found in the population of
97:
136:, where between 1990 and 2000 there were 44.4% more deaths than expected among men on their birthdays and 36.2% more than expected among women. Smaller biographical studies have also shown a birthday effect within subpopulations, such as among Major League Baseball (MLB) players and people with entries in the
111:
With the introduction of statistical software that can process large datasets easily, a number of state- or country-wide studies have been carried out to investigate whether birthdays have any effect on mortality. The first large-scale study used the records of 2,745,149 Californians who died between
170:
found birthday effects among both male and female cohorts, where women were more likely to die immediately before a birthday and men more likely to die immediately after, but that when averaged together there was no birthday effect among the population as a whole. The same was found for a study of
297:
to confuse the date of birth and date of death fields, which would increase the apparent number of certificates in which these coincide. Additionally, where the exact date is not known, the 1st and 15th of the month are often used as placeholders. These will cause an excess of births and deaths
207:, as well as by exacerbating existing conditions and increasing suicide risk. In the US where the legal minimum drinking age is 21, there is a very large mortality rate excess on the 21st birthday and the day immediately following, almost entirely attributable to an increase in accidents.
88:, or a physiological cycle that causes the body to weaken annually. It has also been suggested that it may be a statistical artifact, perhaps as a result of anomalies in reporting, but the birthday effect has also been seen in studies that control for known reporting anomalies.
120:, there was a significant increase in deaths in the week before the individual's birthday for men, and in the week after the birthday for women — in both cases, mortality did not peak on the birthday, but close to it. This effect was consistent across age and race cohorts.
123:
A similar study among 12,275,033 Swiss found the highest mortality on the actual birthday (17% greater than the expected value), and the effect was largest for those over 80; another study on Swiss data found a 13.8% excess and was able to link this to specific causes:
225:
effects. On the one hand, a birthday provides a fixed date to focus on, allowing the terminally ill to hold on until the day itself. On the other hand, a birthday also reminds the individual of mortality and offers an occasion to look back on life. According to the
298:
recorded on these dates. However studies also find changes in the mortality rate in the days immediately before and after, which are unlikely to be caused by data processing anomalies, suggesting that statistical artifacts alone cannot explain the birthday effect.
230:, this causes stress which can accelerate death. The uneven mortality rate distribution between men and women, and between more and less successful baseball players, suggests that both may play a role in the birthday effect: people who have focused on the
853:
Reulbach, Udo; Biermann, Teresa; Markovic, Katrin; Kornhuber, Johannes; Bleich, Stefan (2007). "The myth of the birthday blues: a population-based study about the association between birthday and suicide".
56:) is a statistical phenomenon where an individual's likelihood of death appears to increase on or close to their birthday. The birthday effect has been seen in studies of general populations in
242:(such as stay-at-home parents and amateur sports players) are more aware of what they will lose in death and try to hold on. Related is the "broken promise effect", whereby a person suffering
171:
mortality data in
England and Wales, where there was a statistically significant birthday effect among each subgroup (men and women; never married, married, divorced and widowed) but
924:
Williams A, While D, Windfuhr K, Bickley H, Hunt IM, Shaw J, et al. (2011). "Birthday blues: examining the association between birthday and suicide in a national sample".
76:
players. Studies do not consistently show this effect; some studies find that men's and women's mortality rates diverge in the run-up to the birthday, while others find no
2144:
1010:"The Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Mortality: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from the Minimum Drinking Age (Web Appendix A and B)"
2460:
84:
relating to the birthday, increased suicide risk, terminally ill patients attempting to hold on until their birthday, an increased
1476:
1009:
238:-driven people or professional athletes) might be reminded that their glory days have passed, while those who lived more in the
1537:
1501:
1471:
143:
Focusing on suicide deaths alone, large studies have found evidence for a peak in suicides on or just after a birthday in
1773:
1506:
415:
Ajdacic-Gross, Vladeta; et al. (2012). "Death has a preference for birthdays – an analysis of death time series".
249:
The psychosomatic/psychological model would also explain the similar increase in cancer deaths around holidays such as
1481:
1066:
2009:
1461:
1151:
961:"The Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Mortality: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from the Minimum Drinking Age"
2541:
623:
Abel, Ernest; Kruger, Michael (2009). "Mortality
Salience of Birthdays on Day of Death in the Major Leagues".
1557:
1235:
765:
2035:
1579:
1486:
1453:
2531:
1491:
253:, and is supported by the fact that such phenomena appear to be dependent on culture – there is a
246:
will wait until a birthday or other significant event to see whether their circumstances will improve.
162:
However, other studies have not found such a correlation. A study using the populations of
Denmark and
817:
1858:
1728:
1091:
Abel, Ernest; Kruger, Michael (2006). "Heaping in
Anniversary Reaction Studies: A Cautionary Note".
537:
227:
222:
77:
523:
Phillips, David; Van
Voorhees, Camilla; Ruth, Todd (1992). "The Birthday: Lifeline or Deadline?".
2336:
2331:
2259:
2181:
1466:
717:"Deaths and major biographical events: a study of all cancer deaths in Germany from 1995 to 2009"
579:
Peña, Pablo (2015). "A not so happy day after all: Excess death rates on birthdays in the U.S".
2371:
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2004:
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38:
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2176:
1989:
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125:
73:
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2108:
2070:
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81:
8:
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Birthday celebrations are often associated with large increases in alcohol consumption.
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1994:
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85:
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57:
1120:
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274:
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A study found that the risk of suicide may be greater for males on their birthday.
27:
20:
889:
Zusne, Leonard (1987). "Some
Factors Affecting the Birthday-Deathday Phenomenon".
457:
Vaiserman, Alexander; Grigoryev, Pavel; Belaya, Irina; Voitenko, Vladimir (2003).
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2406:
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2311:
2286:
1925:
1796:
1655:
1527:
1439:
1389:
1382:
1370:
1280:
281:. Vaiserman et al. have suggested that the climatic conditions at birth act as a
1104:
937:
902:
732:
80:
gender effect. Suggested mechanisms for the effect include alcohol consumption,
2526:
2490:
2214:
2045:
1806:
1741:
1574:
1552:
1429:
1377:
1137:
239:
192:
100:
34:
1947:
818:"The Effect of Birthday on the Fluctuation of Suicides in Hungary (1970–2002)"
766:"Postponed Suicide Death? Suicides around Birthdays and Major Public Holidays"
636:
474:
2515:
2249:
2234:
2191:
2149:
2103:
1937:
1915:
1791:
1758:
1650:
1625:
231:
204:
167:
69:
687:
670:
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1954:
1942:
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994:
945:
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221:
Two mutually contradictory explanations have been put forward that rely on
554:
390:
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16:
Phenomenon where one is more likely to die on or close to one's birthday
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2361:
2326:
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2171:
1999:
1959:
1811:
1768:
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1713:
1409:
1327:
1285:
1265:
1175:
382:
319:"Relationship between month of birth and month of death in the elderly"
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2186:
2078:
1863:
1816:
1753:
1718:
1693:
1569:
1250:
1245:
282:
250:
2014:
816:
Zonda, Tamás; Bozsonyi, Károly; Veres, Előd; Kmetty, Zoltán (2010).
2411:
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1932:
1920:
1853:
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1183:
254:
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2055:
1900:
1848:
1609:
1547:
1360:
1240:
852:
671:"Longevity and month of birth: Evidence from Austria and Denmark"
285:
that triggers internal stress and increases the chance of death.
163:
152:
148:
144:
65:
53:
459:"Variation of mortality rate during the individual annual cycle"
456:
112:
1969 and 1990. After correcting for confounding factors such as
2401:
2098:
1868:
1736:
1660:
1302:
235:
156:
129:
1984:
1964:
1905:
1703:
1160:
923:
133:
1008:
Carpenter, Christopher; Dobkin, Carlos (1 January 2009).
959:
Carpenter, Christopher; Dobkin, Carlos (1 January 2009).
104:
1129:
815:
522:
33:"Birthday blues" redirects here. For the movie, see
323:
British
Journal of Preventive & Social Medicine
368:
210:
2513:
116:in deaths, elective surgery, and people born on
1007:
1001:
958:
257:effect among the Jewish community (which moves
103:is one of the statistically unusual number of
1145:
714:
414:
273:It has been suggested that, like the 24-hour
1017:American Economic Journal: Applied Economics
965:American Economic Journal: Applied Economics
763:
518:
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
504:
502:
500:
369:Bovet, J; Spagnoli, J; Sudan, C (1997). "".
173:it was not seen in the population as a whole
72:, as well as in smaller populations such as
52:, especially when referring specifically to
410:
408:
364:
362:
1152:
1138:
1090:
848:
846:
811:
809:
807:
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622:
277:, the body also has a yearly "circannual"
1174:
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686:
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536:
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312:
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715:Medenwald, Daniel; Kuss, Oliver (2014).
405:
359:
316:
181:
95:
1084:
1067:"Birthdays: a Matter Of Life and Death"
1065:Blakeslee, Sandra (22 September 1992).
952:
843:
804:
757:
2514:
1060:
1058:
1056:
703:
659:
443:
307:
197:increase an individual's risk of death
26:For the mathematical coincidence, see
1502:List of ways people dishonor the dead
1133:
888:
882:
770:Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
574:
572:
107:players to have died on his birthday.
764:Jessen, Gert; Jensen, Børge (1999).
578:
1053:
13:
1507:List of ways people honor the dead
782:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1999.tb00302.x
607:
569:
14:
2553:
1538:Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality
1093:Omega: Journal of Death and Dying
891:OMEGA: Journal of Death and Dying
2495:
2486:
2485:
547:10.1097/00006842-199209000-00001
268:
138:Encyclopedia of American History
2496:
917:
868:10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.06.006
593:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.12.014
429:10.1016/j.annepidem.2012.04.016
293:It is possible when processing
211:Psychosomatic and psychological
681:(3): [, 22], p.
669:Doblhammer, Gabrielle (1999).
288:
1:
1558:Maternal mortality in fiction
581:Social Science & Medicine
301:
1472:Expressions related to death
1425:Medical declaration of death
371:Sozial- und Präventivmedizin
7:
1492:Preventable causes of death
1105:10.2190/V752-6773-1KMW-3334
903:10.2190/RR4D-4W0L-5QAK-X4YX
733:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004423
10:
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265:effect among the Chinese.
214:
186:
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32:
25:
18:
2481:
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1859:Consciousness after death
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1167:
1159:
938:10.1027/0227-5910/a000067
637:10.1080/07481180802138936
2260:Personification of death
1482:People by cause of death
856:Comprehensive Psychiatry
228:terror management theory
19:Not to be confused with
2337:Death-positive movement
2182:Post-mortem photography
1462:Causes of death by rate
1390:Death by natural causes
688:10.4054/DemRes.1999.1.3
475:10.1023/A:1025168932058
2372:Fascination with death
2010:Reincarnation research
2005:Out-of-body experience
1467:Notable deaths by year
1308:Immunogenic cell death
1224:Temporal lobe necrosis
525:Psychosomatic Medicine
417:Annals of Epidemiology
234:of life (for example,
108:
48:(sometimes called the
39:Birthday Blues (album)
2542:Unexplained phenomena
2177:Post-mortem chemistry
1990:Near-death experience
1886:Desecration of graves
1822:Postmortem caloricity
1787:Beating heart cadaver
1231:Programmed cell death
1199:Liquefactive necrosis
335:10.1136/jech.29.3.151
182:Possible explanations
99:
74:Major League Baseball
37:. For the album, see
2367:Festival of the Dead
2265:Dying-and-rising god
2220:Chinese burial money
2109:Prohibition of dying
2061:Death-qualified jury
1827:Post-mortem interval
1487:Premature obituaries
1194:Coagulative necrosis
675:Demographic Research
317:Anderson, M (1975).
201:alcohol intoxication
82:psychological stress
2427:Philosophy of death
2292:Death from laughter
1592:Perinatal mortality
1333:Mitotic catastrophe
1313:Ischemic cell death
1256:Intrinsic apoptosis
1204:Gangrenous necrosis
1029:10.1257/app.1.1.164
977:10.1257/app.1.1.164
825:Review of Sociology
263:Mid-Autumn Festival
2532:Medical statistics
2473:Thanatosensitivity
2377:Hierarchy of death
2317:Death notification
2225:Coins for the dead
2157:Forensic pathology
2041:Capital punishment
1995:Near-death studies
1587:Mortality salience
1219:Fibrinoid necrosis
1189:Avascular necrosis
383:10.1007/bf01300566
295:death certificates
217:Mortality salience
109:
86:mortality salience
2509:
2508:
2245:Death anniversary
2240:Death and culture
2084:Dying declaration
2066:Death certificate
1973:
1972:
1835:
1834:
1687:Neuropreservation
1477:Natural disasters
1448:
1447:
279:biological rhythm
259:with the festival
244:suicidal ideation
58:England and Wales
2549:
2499:
2498:
2489:
2488:
2469:
2454:Assisted suicide
2352:Death trajectory
2167:Mortuary science
2162:Funeral director
2153:
2119:Suspicious death
1891:Eternal oblivion
1677:Cryopreservation
1616:
1615:
1605:
1604:
1543:Infant mortality
1533:Excess mortality
1435:Terminal illness
1420:Lazarus syndrome
1405:End-of-life care
1356:Accidental death
1209:Caseous necrosis
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28:Birthday problem
21:birthdate effect
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2407:Museum of Death
2357:Dignified death
2312:Death messenger
2287:Death education
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2071:Declared death
2019:
1969:
1926:Online mourning
1831:
1797:Cadaveric spasm
1778:
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1656:Skeletonization
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1528:Child mortality
1523:Birthday effect
1511:
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1440:Unnatural death
1371:Brainstem death
1342:
1281:Pseudoapoptosis
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1575:Mortality rate
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1497:Unusual deaths
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1442:
1437:
1432:
1430:Organ donation
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1378:Clinical death
1375:
1374:
1373:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1180:
1178:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1134:
1127:
1126:
1083:
1071:New York Times
1052:
1023:(1): 164–182.
1000:
971:(1): 164–182.
951:
916:
881:
862:(6): 554–557.
842:
803:
776:(3): 272–283.
756:
727:(4): e004423.
702:
658:
631:(2): 175–184.
606:
568:
531:(5): 532–542.
496:
469:(4): 221–225.
463:Biogerontology
442:
423:(8): 603–606.
404:
377:(3): 151–161.
358:
329:(3): 151–156.
305:
303:
300:
290:
287:
270:
267:
240:private sphere
212:
209:
193:Binge drinking
188:
185:
183:
180:
101:Gabby Hartnett
93:
90:
50:birthday blues
35:Birthday Blues
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2554:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2502:
2494:
2492:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2250:Death anxiety
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2235:Darwin Awards
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2192:Biostratinomy
2190:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2104:Necropolitics
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1938:Reincarnation
1936:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1841:Other aspects
1838:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1792:Body donation
1790:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1759:Dismemberment
1757:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1704:Mummification
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1661:Fossilization
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1651:Decomposition
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1626:Pallor mortis
1624:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1155:
1150:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1072:
1068:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1011:
1004:
996:
992:
987:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
955:
947:
943:
939:
935:
932:(3): 134–42.
931:
927:
920:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
885:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
849:
847:
838:
834:
831:(2): 96–105.
830:
826:
819:
812:
810:
808:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
760:
752:
748:
743:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
711:
709:
707:
698:
694:
689:
684:
680:
676:
672:
665:
663:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
625:Death Studies
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
575:
573:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
534:
530:
526:
519:
517:
515:
513:
511:
509:
507:
505:
503:
501:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
453:
451:
449:
447:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
411:
409:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
373:(in French).
372:
365:
363:
354:
350:
345:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
313:
311:
306:
299:
296:
286:
284:
280:
276:
269:Physiological
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
232:public sphere
229:
224:
223:psychosomatic
218:
208:
206:
205:drunk driving
202:
198:
194:
179:
176:
174:
169:
168:Leonard Zusne
165:
160:
158:
154:
151:, but not in
150:
146:
141:
139:
135:
131:
127:
121:
119:
115:
106:
102:
98:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
70:United States
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
40:
36:
29:
22:
2347:Death threat
2230:Dark tourism
2172:Necrobiology
2114:Right to die
2072:
2031:Abortion law
1955:Resurrection
1943:Palingenesis
1840:
1802:Coffin birth
1709:Plastination
1670:Preservation
1646:Putrefaction
1641:Rigor mortis
1636:Algor mortis
1631:Livor mortis
1608:
1564:Memento mori
1562:
1522:
1415:Lazarus sign
1395:Death rattle
1338:Suicide gene
1323:Karyorrhexis
1214:Fat necrosis
1099:(1): 59–65.
1096:
1092:
1086:
1074:. Retrieved
1070:
1020:
1016:
1003:
968:
964:
954:
929:
925:
919:
894:
890:
884:
859:
855:
828:
824:
773:
769:
759:
724:
720:
678:
674:
628:
624:
584:
580:
528:
524:
466:
462:
420:
416:
374:
370:
326:
322:
292:
272:
248:
220:
190:
177:
161:
142:
137:
126:heart attack
122:
110:
49:
45:
43:
2464: [
2422:Necrophobia
2417:Necrophilia
2387:Immortality
2342:Death squad
2322:Death panel
2307:Death march
2302:Death knell
2282:Death drive
2255:Death deity
2199:Thanatology
2148: [
2094:Legal death
2073:in absentia
2051:Civil death
1896:Examination
1881:Crematorium
1764:Excarnation
1601:After death
1400:Dysthanasia
1366:Brain death
1298:Autoschizis
1276:Phenoptosis
1271:Parthanatos
1261:Necroptosis
1168:In medicine
897:(1): 9–26.
289:Statistical
118:February 29
114:seasonality
78:significant
62:Switzerland
2516:Categories
2392:Last rites
2362:Extinction
2332:Death pose
2327:Death poem
2297:Death hoax
2277:Death camp
2270:Psychopomp
2145:Death tech
2000:Necromancy
1978:Paranormal
1960:Underworld
1812:Dissection
1774:Resomation
1769:Promession
1747:Sky burial
1714:Prosection
1699:Maceration
1410:Euthanasia
1328:Karyolysis
1286:Pyroptosis
1266:Paraptosis
1176:Cell death
302:References
215:See also:
68:, and the
2522:Birthdays
2437:Sacrifice
2432:Predation
2397:Longevity
2187:Taphonomy
2124:Trust law
2079:Death row
1864:Afterlife
1817:Gibbeting
1754:Cremation
1719:Taxidermy
1694:Embalming
1570:Micromort
1516:Mortality
1293:Autolysis
1251:Autophagy
1246:Apoptosis
911:144694845
587:: 59–66.
533:CiteSeerX
283:zeitgeber
261:), and a
251:Christmas
2491:Category
2461:Thanabot
2412:Necronym
2382:Homicide
1933:Obituary
1921:Mourning
1911:Internet
1854:Cemetery
1729:Disposal
1682:Cryonics
1351:Abortion
1318:Pyknosis
1184:Necrosis
1121:24371210
1113:17844772
1047:20351794
995:20351794
946:21616762
876:17954141
837:20458134
798:23575686
790:10531639
751:24694623
721:BMJ Open
697:12178151
645:19143110
601:25528555
563:12190316
491:22678145
483:14501186
437:22658822
399:45657303
255:Passover
199:through
2537:Suicide
2501:Outline
2449:Suicide
2089:Inquest
2056:Coroner
1948:Saṃsāra
1916:Midwife
1901:Funeral
1876:Customs
1849:Carrion
1548:Karoshi
1361:Autopsy
1241:Anoikis
1076:7 April
1038:2846371
986:2846371
742:3987729
653:8439436
555:1438656
391:9334087
353:1191883
187:Alcohol
164:Austria
153:Bavaria
149:Hungary
145:Denmark
92:Studies
66:Ukraine
54:suicide
2402:Martyr
2138:Fields
2099:Murder
2015:Séance
1985:Ghosts
1869:Tukdam
1737:Burial
1619:Stages
1303:Eschar
1119:
1111:
1045:
1035:
993:
983:
944:
926:Crisis
909:
874:
835:
796:
788:
749:
739:
695:
651:
643:
599:
561:
553:
535:
489:
481:
435:
397:
389:
351:
344:478908
341:
236:career
157:Taiwan
130:stroke
2527:Death
2468:]
2442:human
2208:Other
2152:]
2024:Legal
1965:Vigil
1906:Grief
1454:Lists
1161:Death
1117:S2CID
1013:(PDF)
907:S2CID
821:(PDF)
794:S2CID
649:S2CID
559:S2CID
487:S2CID
395:S2CID
2129:Will
1610:Body
1580:RAMR
1236:AICD
1109:PMID
1078:2016
1043:PMID
991:PMID
942:PMID
872:PMID
833:PMID
786:PMID
747:PMID
693:PMID
641:PMID
597:PMID
551:PMID
479:PMID
433:PMID
387:PMID
349:PMID
195:can
147:and
134:Kyiv
128:and
44:The
1383:DOA
1101:doi
1033:PMC
1025:doi
981:PMC
973:doi
934:doi
899:doi
864:doi
778:doi
737:PMC
729:doi
683:doi
633:doi
589:doi
585:126
543:doi
471:doi
425:doi
379:doi
339:PMC
331:doi
155:or
105:MLB
2518::
2466:ca
2150:pt
1115:.
1107:.
1097:54
1095:.
1069:.
1055:^
1041:.
1031:.
1019:.
1015:.
989:.
979:.
967:.
963:.
940:.
930:32
928:.
905:.
895:17
893:.
870:.
860:48
858:.
845:^
829:20
827:.
823:.
806:^
792:.
784:.
774:29
772:.
768:.
745:.
735:.
723:.
719:.
705:^
691:.
677:.
673:.
661:^
647:.
639:.
629:33
627:.
609:^
595:.
583:.
571:^
557:.
549:.
541:.
529:54
527:.
499:^
485:.
477:.
465:.
461:.
445:^
431:.
421:22
419:.
407:^
393:.
385:.
375:42
361:^
347:.
337:.
327:29
325:.
321:.
309:^
175:.
159:.
140:.
64:,
60:,
1153:e
1146:t
1139:v
1123:.
1103::
1080:.
1049:.
1027::
1021:1
997:.
975::
969:1
948:.
936::
913:.
901::
878:.
866::
839:.
800:.
780::
753:.
731::
725:4
699:.
685::
679:1
655:.
635::
603:.
591::
565:.
545::
493:.
473::
467:4
439:.
427::
401:.
381::
355:.
333::
41:.
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
