409:
63:
470:
was first used as a title associated with men from
Denmark and Sweden in service to Danish kings, but, from its context in inscriptions, over time became more generalized and was used by groups such as merchants or the crew of a ship. Other runestones describing the deceased using the words
458:
The inscription, which is on a stone that is 2.5 meters in height and made of gneiss, consists of runic text within a single text band in the shape of a hook. The inscription, similar to Vg 113, is classified as being carved in runestone style RAK.
176:." The term thegn was used in the late Viking Age in Sweden and Denmark to describe a class of retainer. About fifty memorial runestones described the deceased as being a thegn. Of these, the runic text on sixteen other runestones use the same
125:. Because of the length of the text bands, the hammer has a long shaft with the head located at the top of the stone. Thor's hammer was used on several memorial runestones in Sweden and Denmark, perhaps as a parallel to or a
120:
stone that is 2.5 meters in height, consists of two vertical bands of runic text with the sides of the runic bands forming the handle of a hammer, which is considered to be a depiction of Thor's hammer
466:
or "a very good valiant man," using the term drengr. A drengr in
Denmark was a term mainly associated with members of a warrior group. It has been suggested that drengr along with
798:
Runeninschriften als
Quellen Interdisziplinärer Forschung: Abhandlungen des Vierten Internationalen Symposiums über Runen und Runeninschriften in Göttingen vom 4–9 August 1995
86:
428:
192:
in
Ballstorp, Vg 102 in Håle gamla, Vg 115 in Stora Västölet, Vg 151 in Eggvena, Vg NOR1997;27 in Hols, DR 86 in Langå, DR 106 in Ørum, DR 115 in
1447:
708:* þuri : risþi : stin : þonsi : ift- : tuka : bruþur : sin : harþa : kuþan : trik :
462:
The runic text states that the stone is a memorial raised by Þórir in memory of his brother Tóki. The deceased man is described as being
795:
Holtgård, Anders (1998). "Runeninschriften und
Runendenkmäler als Quellen der Religionsgeschichte". In Düwel, Klaus; Nowak, Sean (eds.).
172:
The runic text states that the stone was raised as a memorial to his kinsman Bjôrn and describes the deceased man as being "a very good
1311:
1536:
204:
in Västra Nöbbelöv, DR 294 in
Baldringe, and DR 343 in Östra Herrestads. In addition, four inscriptions use a different word order,
169:
RAK, which is the classification for inscriptions where the ends of the runic band do not have any attached serpent or beast heads.
208:, include Vg 74 in Skolgården, Vg 152 in Håkansgården, Vg 157 in Storegården, and Vg 158 in Fänneslunda. The name of the sponsor,
1516:
1148:
1144:
492:
213:
849:
1485:
1341:
1253:
1140:
1136:
1132:
908:
984:
408:
393:
takh : risþi : stn : þaisi : ʀfti : burn : frita : harþa : kuþih : þikn :
1369:
1128:
1124:
1120:
138:
423:
is the
Rundata listing for a runestone located in Börjesgården, which is about one-half kilometer northeast of Grästorp
62:
877:
806:
779:
752:
201:
162:
1168:
951:
1152:
1116:
1112:
1245:
1156:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1023:
935:
1076:
479:
in
Haddeby, DR 68 in Århus, DR 77 in Hjermind, DR 127 in Hobro, DR 268 in Östra Vemmenhög, DR 276 in Örsjö,
1385:
1345:
1307:
1233:
1164:
1160:
930:
158:
484:
480:
1381:
154:
1398:
1353:
1269:
925:
711:{} Þoriʀ {} ræisti {} stæin {} þannsi {} æft {} Toka, {} broður {} sinn, {} harða {} goðan {} dræng. {}
956:
947:
504:
1294:
133:
by
Christians. Other surviving runestones or inscriptions depicting Thor's hammer include runestones
185:
977:
1406:
1182:
508:
81:
listing for a runestone located in Lärkegapet, which is about one-half kilometer east of Grästorp
500:
496:
1418:
1286:
1195:
1045:
512:
1463:
1018:
1443:
841:
Ships and Men in the Late Viking Age: The
Vocabulary of Runic Inscriptions and Skaldic Verse
396:
Dagʀ {} ræisti {} stæin {} þannsi {} æftiʀ {} Biorn {} frænda, {} harða {} goðan {} þegn. {}
1414:
1373:
1303:
1190:
1039:
488:
142:
8:
970:
189:
1200:
1499:
1467:
1324:
1277:
1229:
1013:
39:
1423:
1290:
1282:
1273:
1241:
920:
212:, which is an Old Norse word which means "day," also appears on Vg 101 in Bragnum and
1435:
1377:
1337:
1265:
1205:
1060:
1050:
1007:
873:
845:
802:
775:
748:
150:
146:
1439:
1402:
1390:
1361:
1349:
1257:
1249:
1237:
1210:
1055:
197:
166:
134:
1427:
870:
The Viking-Age Rune-Stones: Custom and Commemoration in Early Medieval Scandinavia
1410:
1394:
1319:
839:
796:
769:
503:
in Fölene, Vg 157 in Storegården, Vg 162 in Bengtsgården, Vg 179 in Lillegården,
221:
130:
714:Þórir raised this stone in memory of Tóki, his brother, a very good valiant man.
1471:
822:
126:
47:
738:; Düwel, Klaus (2004). "Gods and Mythological Beings in the Younger Futhark".
1530:
1431:
865:
476:
443:
430:
101:
88:
495:
in Torestorp, Vg 112 in Ås, the now-lost Vg 126 in Larvs, Vg 130 in Skånum,
735:
399:
Dagr raised this stone in memory of Bjôrn, (his) kinsman, a very good Þegn.
1261:
1178:
122:
31:
1509:
1215:
739:
21:
1357:
200:
in Asferg, DR 123 in Glenstrup, DR 130 in Giver, DR 213 in Skovlænge,
993:
511:
in Smula (using a plural form), the now-lost Ög 60 in Järmstastenen,
177:
27:
911:
892:
Project Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk - Rundata entry for Vg 114.
217:
24:
1504:
193:
78:
1299:
117:
35:
962:
467:
173:
43:
1333:
209:
51:
42:. The two stones are memorials to men who held the titles
46:
and drengr, and one has a depiction of the hammer of the
38:, in Bjärby synod, which was in the historic province of
774:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 158–159.
844:. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. pp. 219, 229–31.
733:
515:in Gillberga, and possibly on U 610 in Granhammar.
220:for the name, and is the personification of day in
165:. The inscription is classified as being carved in
1528:
1001:Western route and unspecified expeditions abroad
801:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 715–737.
978:
872:. Oxford University Press. pp. 103–107.
1312:Uppland Rune Inscriptions 101, 143 and 147
985:
971:
729:
727:
1510:Runic inscriptions online interactive map
747:. Vienna: Fassbaender. pp. 116–133.
823:Project Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk
794:
407:
61:
1517:Runic transliteration and transcription
833:
831:
741:Runes, Magic and Religion: A Sourcebook
724:
1529:
864:
767:
966:
886:
837:
816:
828:
417:Västergötland Runic Inscription 114
71:Västergötland Runic Inscription 113
13:
771:Nordic Religions in the Viking Age
14:
1548:
959:- Swedish National Heritage Board
898:
518:
952:Swedish National Heritage Board
116:The inscription, which is on a
992:
858:
788:
768:DuBois, Thomas Andrew (1999).
761:
227:
1:
718:
1308:Hargs bro runic inscriptions
957:Photograph of Vg 114 in 1995
948:Photograph of Vg 113 in 1995
487:in Bjäresjö, Sm 48 in Torp,
216:in Ingelstad, which uses an
7:
1537:Runestones in Västergötland
1365:
936:GPX (secondary coordinates)
825:- Rundata entry for Vg 113.
129:reaction to the use of the
10:
1553:
1024:Gunnar's bridge runestones
1492:
1480:
1456:
1318:
1295:Snottsta and Vreta stones
1224:
1177:
1069:
1032:
1000:
931:GPX (primary coordinates)
906:Map all coordinates using
403:
57:
914:Download coordinates as:
1046:Baltic area runestones
838:Jesch, Judith (2001).
475:in some order include
413:
67:
1464:Jarlabanke Runestones
1183:Battle of Fýrisvellir
1019:Hakon Jarl runestones
926:GPX (all coordinates)
444:58.34474°N 12.70570°E
411:
102:58.33524°N 12.69978°E
65:
1304:Broby bro Runestones
1287:Färentuna Runestones
1196:Hällestad Runestones
1040:Varangian runestones
163:DR 331 in Gårdstånga
1457:Runestone monuments
440: /
98: /
1500:List of runestones
1468:Hunnestad Monument
1325:Old Norse religion
1014:England runestones
449:58.34474; 12.70570
414:
159:DR 120 in Spentrup
107:58.33524; 12.69978
68:
1524:
1523:
1206:Karlevi Runestone
1061:Ingvar runestones
1051:Greece runestones
1008:Viking runestones
851:978-0-85115-826-6
734:McKinnell, John;
491:in Härlingstorp,
473:harþa goþan dræng
464:harða goðan dræng
188:in Norra Härene,
18:Bjärby Runestones
1544:
1448:Thorwald's Cross
1225:Viking Age women
1211:Egtved Runestone
1201:Sjörup Runestone
1056:Italy runestones
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182:harða goðan þegn
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167:runestone style
145:in Stenkvista,
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157:in Hanning,
153:in Laeborg,
149:in Karlevi,
74:
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15:
1179:Jomsvikings
519:Inscription
447: /
228:Inscription
137:in Altuna,
105: /
48:Norse pagan
1216:Aars stone
994:Runestones
719:References
435:12°42′21″E
432:58°20′41″N
93:12°41′59″E
90:58°20′07″N
28:runestones
22:Viking Age
1493:Resources
1336:hallow":
178:Old Norse
1531:Category
1181:and the
868:(2000).
218:ideogram
141:in Åby,
123:Mjöllnir
32:Grästorp
25:memorial
20:are two
1505:Rundata
1422:Other:
813:p. 727.
333:frænda,
194:Randers
180:phrase
79:Rundata
77:is the
1486:Sö 113
1444:Vg 119
1432:Ög 181
1428:Ög 136
1424:Sö 154
1419:DR 360
1415:DR 357
1411:DR 338
1407:DR 230
1403:DR 209
1386:DR 120
1374:Sö 111
1366:Vg 113
1362:U 1161
1354:DR 220
1350:DR 209
1346:DR 110
1342:Sö 140
1338:Vg 150
1300:Estrid
1278:DR 143
1274:DR 114
1254:Sr 139
1165:DR 330
1161:DR 259
1141:Sö 360
1137:Sö 333
1133:Sö 174
1117:U 1048
1042:(main)
1010:(main)
876:
848:
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778:
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704:
696:dræng.
688:
672:
656:
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632:broður
629:bruþur
624:
608:
592:
584:þannsi
576:
560:
552:ræisti
544:
528:
513:Ög 104
509:Vg 184
505:Vg 181
501:Vg 154
497:Vg 153
485:DR 289
481:DR 288
421:Vg 114
404:Vg 114
389:
373:
357:
341:
325:
309:
293:
285:þannsi
277:
261:
253:ræisti
245:
202:DR 278
198:DR 121
161:, and
143:Sö 111
135:U 1161
118:gneiss
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