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708:"Blakely Rifled Gun (12-pound). A Confederate import from England, the 12-pounder Blakely Rifled Gun found its way into several battles in the Shenandoah Valley. Most Blakely rifles were muzzleloaders that featured steel or cast-iron barrels with wrought iron bands to reinforce the rear of the barrel near the breech. The Blakely was most effective firing shot and shell projectiles, not so effective with canister. Length: Barrel 4.9 feet. Weight: 2,000 lbs. (800 lbs.). Caliber: 3.5 inch (12-pounder). Effective Range: 1,850 yds. (1.1 miles). Friction Primer and lanyard action. Horse drawn, wooden carriage. Seven or eight-man crew, fired 2-3 rounds per minute. Deployed in batteries of four, or mixed with other gun types. Many variations: 6-pound, 12-pound, 20-pound, 100-pound, 150-pound, etc." United States National Park Service.
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diameter being just in front of the trunnions, and tapering both ways, and apply the outer casing in the form of collars or rings driven thereon. And in some cases I apply two or more layers of such rings, according to the strength sought to be obtained, the trunnions being of one piece with one of the rings. The other casing may, however, be applied in the form of collars or rings, heated and shrunk upon the cylindrical surface of the inner cylinder or tube...." Hazlett, 2004, p. 196.
644:"The following are particulars of the first gun sent by Captain Blakely to the Confederates, obtained from a drawing dated May 15, 1860. The gun, made by Fawcett, Preston & Co., was of cast-iron, reinforced by a solid wrought-iron hoop made thin at the edges. Total length of gun 84 in. Length of bore 73.5 in. Diameter of bore 3.5 in. Diameter of cast-iron under hoop 9.1in. Maximum diameter of hoop 12.1 in. Length of hoop 22.i in. Diameter of muzzle. 6.0 in."
147:. The Confederates retained the batteries. On March 9, 1862, Union gunboats again approached the Confederate defenses and discovered them abandoned. They captured two guns rifled in the Blakely method that ended up in the Washington Navy Yard. Historian Warren Ripley wrote that he did not think these are 6.3 in (16 cm) and 6.97 in (17.7 cm) Blakelys, but British 32-pounder and 42-pounder smoothbores reworked in the Blakely rifling fashion.
56:
was to be done to prevent the inside breaking before sufficient strain was sent to the outside as would be the case with any thick tubes made in one piece. Blakely wrote that, "paradoxically," by using this method of two layer construction, a thick tube would be strengthened by diminishing its thickness and would weigh half as much. Blakely wrote that he had shown that no rifled cannon of considerable size had succeeded when made in one mass.
335:. Blakely rifles were among the better rifled models used by the Confederates at that battle. Confederate batteries performed well despite being hampered by the frequent deployment of four different cannon in a battery. John B. Brockenbrough's battery, which was heavily engaged in the battle north and west of the Dunker Church, had four different cannon, including a Blakely rifle.
239:
improperly loaded the chamber of one of the guns with powder to reduce the size of cartridge bags. This cracked the chamber and caused other damage on the first fire and it had to be replaced. The rifle had a 12.75 in (32.4 cm) flanged shot and shell with four grooves and a right-hand twist
445:
In 1863, the U.S. government rejected a 7-inch
Blakely smoothbore with obvious manufacturing defects and non-conformity with specifications. Also, the piece was marked as manufactured by Blakely Ordnance Company, a known Confederate supplier not used by the Union army, contrary to representations by
100:
The foundries that manufactured
Blakely rifles produced them in 2.5-inch (6-pounder), 2.9-inch, 3.5-inch (12-pounder), 3.75-inch (16-pounder), 4-inch (18-pounder), 4.5-inch (20-pounder), 6.4-inch (100-pounder), 7-inch (120-pounder), 7.5-inch (150-pounder), 8-inch (200-pounder), 9-inch (250-pounder),
255:
in 1862. It was banded and rifled with three grooves of right-hand twists in the manner of a
Blakely. Olmstead describes the piece as "Identified As A 'Blakely'", casting doubt as to its identity and noting that it is covered in black enamel, obscuring any markings. This cannon is in the Washington
55:
The
Blakely rifled artillery gun was designed with a cast-iron core and included wrought-iron or steel banding to reinforce the breech. Blakely himself noted that the cannon was to be built up tube after tube, compressing the inner tubes and extending the outer tubes by a certain calculation. This
46:
Blakely rifles had innovative design features using two layer construction and layers of rings which allowed rifling of larger cannons. Blakely's manufacturing innovations allowed larger guns of lighter weight and greater resistance to explosion. The
Confederacy used the Blakely rifles in seacoast
731:
were 2.890 in diameter, which helped identify the gun as a 2.9-inch
Blakely Rifle, Type 11. The salvors noted that the markings on one or both trunnions of the gun when it was recovered were "VAVASSEUR 1862 LONDON." The marking on the top of the reinforcement band was: BLAKELY'S PATENT." Hazlett,
741:
Ripley, 1970, p. 153 wrote that rust has corroded the bore and the apparent 3.75-inch diameter was probably originally closer to 3.5-inch. At page 154, Ripley states that it is more likely to be a
Confederate-made piece with the marking acknowledging the Blakely patent or even a direction to use
243:
Principal characteristics of
Blakely rifled 12.75 in (32.4 cm) seacoast guns were: Total length of gun: 194 in (490 cm); bore: 12.75 in (32.4 cm); diameter of air chamber: 6.5 in (17 cm); length of bore to bronze chamber: 151.5 in (385 cm); total
593:
Blakely's patent, February 27, 1855, described
Blakely's ordnance improvement as: "a method of forming guns with an internal tube or cylinder of cast iron or steel, enclosed in a casing of wrought iron or steel. I sometimes form the outer surface of the inner tube somewhat conical, the greatest
96:
Because
Blakely continued to experiment with designs, he produced five to as many as ten different designs, which were manufactured, some with variants. The Blakely rifled guns fired ammunition weighing between 10 lb (4.5 kg) and 470 lb (210 kg). At least nine varieties of
1117:
628:, p. 136 identifies the company as founded by Blakely despite the misspelling. The Blakely Company was not incorporated until 1863. Blakely and John Dent acquired Josiah Vavasseur's company. Vavasseur became manager and engineer of Blakely's company, which lasted until 1867.
30:
cannon designed by British army officer Captain Theophilus Alexander Blakely in the 1850s and 1860s. Blakely was a pioneer in the banding and rifling of cannon but the British army declined to use Blakely's design. The guns were mostly sold to Russia and the
67:
were of similar design, but unlike Blakely, Armstrong had his own foundry at the time. Because Blakely believed that Armstrong had infringed his patents, he stopped offering his designs to the British military when Armstrong became superintendent of the
240:
for rifling. The rifles were never fired against Union forces or ships. They were loaded with excessive charges and blown up when Charleston was evacuated on February 18, 1865. Pieces of the rifles survive at West Point and Charleston, South Carolina.
181:. On May 22, 1863, a shell exploded in the gun's barrel while the Widow Blakely was firing at a Union gunboat. The explosion only took off part of the end of the muzzle. The Confederates cut away part of the barrel and continued to use the rifle as a
306:. According to historian Jennings C. Wise, the armament of the battery "from first to last consisted of 3 pieces; a Blakely imported British rifled piece, which fired a percussion shell; a smooth-bore 12-pounder howitzer; and a 3-inch iron rifle."
677:
Retrieved September 2, 2023 relates the muzzle explosion, the cutting down of the barrel from 124 inches to about 100 inches, gives a link to "Actual reports from the Official Records listing 'The Widow Blakely'", and has additional photos of the
244:
length of bore to bottom of chamber: 184 in (470 cm); maximum diameter of cast iron: 44 in (110 cm); diameter of cast iron muzzle: 24 in (61 cm); diameter over steel hoop: 51 in (130 cm); weight: 27 tons.
800:
entitled "On the practical application of a principle announced to the academy by R. Mallett, Esq.; and some remarks on rifled cannon" with a reply by "Dr. Hart" and further reply by Captain Blakely, available on JSTOR open access as
544:
130:
where it accurately sent projectiles against Fort Sumter, 1,250 yards (1,193 meters) away. It was likely the gun which fired a shot scattering debris from the stone cheek of the casemate embrasure, wounding four Union soldiers.
87:
of Liverpool, Low Moor Iron Company, and the Blakeley Ordnance Company of London (established 1863) for the manufacture of his guns. The cannon foundries produced about 400 guns to Blakely's design. Most were made of iron.
117:
Blakely was more successful in selling cannons to the Confederacy than to the British military or the Union. One of the first guns sold was a 12-pounder Blakely delivered to the Confederates for use against
1705:
entitled "On the practical application of a principle announced to the academy by R. Mallett, Esq.; and some remarks on rifled cannon" with a reply by "Dr. Hart" and further reply by Captain Blakely.
162:, used two 4.5 in (11 cm) Blakely rifles in his ultimately unsuccessful defense which ended with the fort's surrender on April 11, 1862 after a 112-day siege. These rifles were taken to
357:
near Fort Fisher, North Carolina on August 23, 1863 has been placed in the Washington Navy Yard. Ripley wrote that this should be catalogued as in field service due to its known employment.
612:
Hazlett noted a slight difference in spelling of Blakeley Ordnance Company and does not "speculate" as to whether Blakely had an interest in the company. Olmstead, Edwin, Wayne E. Stark and
411:
forward pivot gun was recovered from the wreck. Surviving 7-inch Navy rifles are at the Washington Navy Yard and at Cannes, France. Historian Warren Ripley noted that if the shell from
207:
Two 12.75 in (32.4 cm) Blakelys, the largest guns in the Confederate arsenal, were mounted in 1863 at Charleston, South Carolina. These were delivered, along with shot, to
346:. Blakely rifles, as the most commonly imported British artillery guns, continued in service through the war. Chew's Battery served through the rest of the war concluding with the
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1919:
1017:
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United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Historical marker about "Widow Blakely" rifled cannon at Vicksburg National Battlefield Park, as shown at
97:
3.5-inch (12-pounder) rifles alone were produced. Rifling types included flat-sided bores or bores with grooves cut in them into which flanges on the shells would fit.
2033:
1213:
1212:
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Historical marker about "Widow Blakely" rifled cannon at Vicksburg National Battlefield Park, as shown at
150:
Two Blakely "siege" rifles were used in the Confederate defense of Fort Pulaski in 1862. The Confederate commander of Fort Pulaski near the coast outside of
584:
Ripley, 1970, p. 155 wrote: "The 9-inch fired a 248-pound bolt with a charge of 30 pounds and the 11-inch burned 37.25 pounds with a 375-pound projectile."
560:
257:
208:
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The long arm of Lee, or, The history of the artillery of the Army of Northern Virginia : with a brief account of the Confederate Bureau of Ordnance
1090:
The long arm of Lee, or, The history of the artillery of the Army of Northern Virginia : with a brief account of the Confederate Bureau of Ordnance
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The U.S. National Park Service has noted that Blakely rifled cannon were used at several battles of the American Civil War in the Shenandoah Valley (
2887:
353:
An example of an 18-pounder, 4-inch caliber based on bore dimension was captured in the Union attack on Confederates salvaging the blockade runner
2862:
235:. The rifles had 7 in (18 cm) inside diameter by 30 in (76 cm) long bronze air chamber behind the seat of its charge. General
222:
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64:
59:
Blakely was a pioneer in this two tube, or two layer, design. Nonetheless, the British government rejected his designs. The contemporaneous
101:
11-inch, and 12.75-inch (450-pounder shells or 650-pounder solid shot) bores. All of the caliber rifles did not come to the United States.
384:
and into port at Charleston, South Carolina on its first voyage. Two 2.9-inch iron Blakely rifles were recovered from the wreck in 1974.
271:. These were manufactured for use on Confederate cruisers. The 9 in (23 cm) rifled cannon number 95 is on private property at
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603:
A detailed discussion of the Blakely rifle can be found at the public domain source, Holley, 1865, pp. 36, cited in full in references.
2811:
2806:
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899:
Atlanta: Phoenix Press, 1968, Hazlett, p. 196, states that at least two batteries of 3.5-inch Blakely guns were in Federal service."
3054:
454:
Survivors of several variations of 3.5-inch (and possible or worn 3.6-inch 12-pounder) Blakely wrought iron rifles can be found at
263:
Four Blakely 9 in (23 cm) seacoast rifles and four smoothbores were taken from Liverpool, England in August 1871 by the
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On January 3, 1862, Union gunboats shelled Confederate batteries blockading traffic on the Potomac River in the inconclusive
1677:
1660:
As noted in an earlier footnote, Ripley thinks this is a corroded 3.5-inch Blakely or perhaps even a Confederate-made piece.
1631:
122:
at the beginning of the American Civil War. That gun was the first rifled cannon fired in the war. The cannon was bought by
2084:
Gettysburg's Forgotten Cavalry Actions: Farnsworth's Charge, South Cavalry Field, and the Battle of Fairfield, July 3, 1863
1457:
Gettysburg's Forgotten Cavalry Actions: Farnsworth's Charge, South Cavalry Field, and the Battle of Fairfield, July 3, 1863
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An 8.12 in (20.6 cm) rifled British 68-pounder cannon of 95 hundredweight was captured by Union Army forces at
229:
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2011:
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on February 2, 1995. The only known survivor of a 3.75-inch Blakely wrought iron rifle can be found at Grant Park in
495:
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39:. Blakely rifles were imported by the Confederacy in larger numbers than other Imported English cannon. The State of
299:
battery, the initial battery of the unit, was originally called Ashby's Horse Artillery. The battery was engaged in
47:
fortifications, fortifications at Vicksburg, as naval guns and, in the smaller sizes, as artillery in land battles.
2300:
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173:"The Widow Blakely" was a 7.5 in (19 cm) rifle that the Confederates used during their 1863 defense of
144:
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167:
163:
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A July 3, 1862 letter from Frank M. Coker of the Sumter Flying Artillery to his wife mentions that during the
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190:
32:
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84:
662:. Public domain. Holley also noted that the rifle fired 3,000 rounds during the war. Ripley, 1970, p. 149.
2255:
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On May 14, 1860, Captain "A.T. Blakely" presented a paper published at pages 316–324 in Volume 7 of the
109:
Confederate forces used various sizes of Blakely rifles in several ways during the American Civil War.
2897:
2731:
2063:
1093:
692:
479:
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also carried two 7-inch and four 6-inch Blakely guns. A 7-inch Blakely rifle displayed as a trophy at
380:, which was run aground and scuttled on the night of March 19, 1863, while attempting to run past the
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Olmstead wrote an article about Fort Pulaski published in 1917 and available on JSTOR open access
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1829:
A treatise on Ordnance and Armor ... With an appendix, referring to gun cotton, hooped guns, etc.
940:
A treatise on Ordnance and Armor ... With an appendix, referring to gun cotton, hooped guns, etc.
650:
A treatise on Ordnance and Armor ... With an appendix, referring to gun cotton, hooped guns, etc.
272:
216:
197:
140:
1963:
History of the Confederate States Navy from Its Organization to the Surrender of Its Last Vessel
1536:
History of the Confederate States Navy from Its Organization to the Surrender of Its Last Vessel
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155:
119:
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was returned to the Vicksburg National Battlefield Park when it was identified by historian
126:
in London and sent to Charleston before the surrender of Fort Sumter. The gun was used from
2968:
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430:
400:
343:
331:. Many Confederate pieces were inferior models compared to most of those used by the Union
264:
248:
27:
2546:
79:
Blakely contracted with companies including Fawcett, Preston, & Company of Liverpool,
8:
3013:
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347:
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159:
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1853:
1531:
1453:
858:
328:
317:
174:
36:
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Sharps M1848, M1850, M1851, M1852, M1853, M1855, M1859, M1863, M1865 carbine and rifle
2912:
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2016:
1500:
503:
268:
193:
80:
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1902:
Lee's Cavalrymen: A History of the Mounted Forces of the Army of Northern Virginia
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Ashby's Horse Artillery was combined with Stuart's Horse Artillery before the
3048:
2998:
2993:
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2430:
2265:
2207:
2151:
127:
69:
60:
43:
bought eight 9 in (23 cm) and four 11 in (28 cm) models.
40:
3018:
221:. These were ordered to the defense of Charleston, South Carolina harbor by
2940:
2935:
2925:
2863:
James 24-pounder M1839, 32-pounder M1829 and 42-pounder M1841 rifled cannon
2764:
2556:
2517:
2512:
1833:
New York: D Van Nostrand, 192 Broadway; London: Trubner and Company, 1865.
1714:
The Rebel Raiders: The Astonishing History of the Confederacy's Secret Navy
1701:
open access. This is a paper published at pages 316–324 in Volume 7 of the
1581:
The Rebel Raiders: The Astonishing History of the Confederacy's Secret Navy
944:
New York: D Van Nostrand, 192 Broadway; London: Trubner and Company, 1865.
654:
New York: D Van Nostrand, 192 Broadway; London: Trubner and Company, 1865.
519:
377:
292:
251:
on August 23, 1864. The cannon was originally a smoothbore manufactured by
232:
2888:
Parrott 30-pounder, 100-pounder, 200-pounder and 300-pounder rifled cannon
2739:
2270:
2169:
1997:
The Union Assaults at Vicksburg: Grant Attacks Pemberton, May 17-22, 1863
1193:
The Union Assaults at Vicksburg: Grant Attacks Pemberton, May 17-22, 1863
388:
276:
178:
2070:
2012:"The SS Georgiana is lost and found today in 1863 and 1965 respectively"
1970:
1838:
1736:
1699:
1568:
1543:
1496:"The SS Georgiana is lost and found today in 1863 and 1965 respectively"
1100:
949:
805:
659:
260:
list two 8-inch Blakelys as in the Confederate defenses at Fort Morgan.
2964:
2945:
1932:
Bloomfield, ONT, Alexandria Bay, NY: Museum Restoration Service, 1997.
1735:
Vol. 16, No. 2 (September-October 1994), pp. 20–21. Published in JSTOR
1567:
Vol. 16, No. 2 (September-October 1994), pp. 20–21. Published in JSTOR
695:
preceding the Gettysburg campaign, Stuarts Horse Artillery was Captain
620:
Bloomfield, ONT, Alexandria Bay, NY: Museum Restoration Service, 1997.
392:
186:
1743:
Ninety-eight days : a geographer's view of the Vicksburg Campaign
1170:
Ninety-eight days : a geographer's view of the Vicksburg Campaign
3008:
2983:
2978:
2930:
2920:
2858:(also known as James 6-pounder M1861 or 3.8-inch M1861 rifled cannon)
2774:
2670:
2310:
1682:
1227:
212:
201:
422:
had exploded, the outcome of the battle might have been different.
342:, one of the cavalry battles on July 3, 1863, the third day of the
73:
2086:, revised and expanded edition. New York: Savas Beatie LLC, 2011.
1459:, revised and expanded edition. New York: Savas Beatie LLC, 2011.
320:
he was ordered to carry a large Blakely rifled gun down the line.
2417:
2164:
2045:
United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service.
1773:, edited by Patricia L. Faust. New York: Harper & Row, 1986.
982:, edited by Patricia L. Faust. New York: Harper & Row, 1986.
3033:
2413:
1686:
The Vicksburg River Defenses and the Enigma of "Whistling Dick"
1231:
The Vicksburg River Defenses and the Enigma of "Whistling Dick"
419:
407:
was found in 1984 and the 3.5-ton Blakely rifle that was the
1762:. Last edited August 12, 2017, Retrieved September 22, 2023.
635:. Last edited August 12, 2017, Retrieved September 22, 2023.
1801:
Field Artillery Weapons of the American Civil War, rev. ed.
777:
Field Artillery Weapons of the American Civil War, rev. ed.
2513:
Joslyn M1855, M1861, M1862, M1864, M1865 carbine and rifle
1786:
To Antietam Creek: The Maryland Campaign of September 1862
1387:
To Antietam Creek: The Maryland Campaign of September 1862
2051:
Last updated: May 25, 2023. Retrieved September 2, 2023.
1930:
The Big Guns: Civil War Siege, Seacoast and Naval Cannon.
1887:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.
1674:
American Civil War Artillery - Rifled and Imported Cannon
1628:
American Civil War Artillery - Rifled and Imported Cannon
1427:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.
714:
Last updated: May 25, 2023. Retrieved September 2, 2023.
618:
The Big Guns: Civil War Siege, Seacoast and Naval Cannon.
897:
Field Artillery Projectiles of the Civil War, 1861-1865.
566:
A 2.75 inch mountain Blakely rifle viewed from the rear.
1921:
Artilleryman Magazine, May 5, 2022 Updated Sep 4, 2022.
1788:. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012.
1389:. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012.
1376:
The Georgia Review, Vol. 15, No. 3 (FALL 1961), p. 250
1019:
Artilleryman Magazine, May 5, 2022 Updated Sep 4, 2022.
1868:. Macmillan Compendium. Sections from the four-volume
1799:
Hazlett, James C., Edwin Olmstead, and M. Hume Parks.
873:. Macmillan Compendium. Sections from the four-volume
775:
Hazlett, James C., Edwin Olmstead, and M. Hume Parks.
309:
Four surviving 3.5-inch Blakely's have been placed at
2142:
1771:
Historical Times Illustrated History of the Civil War
1729:
RAIDER: a Rare View of C.S.S. ALABAMA in South Africa
1716:. New York: Ballantine Books (Presidio Press), 2003.
1583:. New York: Ballantine Books (Presidio Press), 2003.
1561:
RAIDER: a Rare View of C.S.S. ALABAMA in South Africa
980:
Historical Times Illustrated History of the Civil War
3060:
Field artillery of the Confederate States of America
2792:
8-inch M1841, 10-inch M1841 and 13-inch M1861 mortar
258:
Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies
166:
as old trophies numbers 152 and 153 but returned to
1999:. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press, 2020.
1745:. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2000.
1703:Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy (1836–1869)
1195:. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press, 2020.
1172:. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2000.
798:Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy (1836–1869)
464:Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park
1821:, The Georgia Review, Vol. 15, No. 3 (FALL 1961).
376:Blakely rifles were used by the Confederate ship
196:. A gun at West Point which was misidentified as
3046:
2572:Spencer M1860, M1865 repeating carbine and rifle
895:Citing Kersis, Sydney C. and Thomas S. Dickey,
632:in Grace's Guide To British Industrial History.
391:carried a 100-pounder Blakely rifled gun in the
112:
1676:October 19, 2019. At War Machines and Weapons.
1630:October 19, 2019. At War Machines and Weapons.
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
691:. Before the death of Stonewall Jackson at the
446:the agent, that it would be made by Sheffield.
440:
143:also known as the Battle of Shipping Point, in
16:One of a series of rifled muzzle-loading cannon
1860:New York: Simon and Schuster Macmillan, 1993.
1803:, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1983.
1356:
1354:
1352:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1137:
1135:
1133:
865:New York: Simon and Schuster Macmillan, 1993.
779:, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1983.
2128:
2042:: Public domain. U.S. Government publication.
1756:Grace's Guide To British Industrial History.
1036:
1034:
50:
2246:Allen & Thurber M1837 revolver pepperbox
2198:M1850 army staff & field officer's sword
1904:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2002.
1315:
1313:
1285:
1283:
1239:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
550:Stereoscopic view of 9-inch Blakely rifles,
2055:Public domain. U.S. Government publication.
1917:Basic Facts on Artillery: Civil War Cannon.
1636:
1349:
1266:
1187:
1185:
1130:
1015:Basic Facts on Artillery: Civil War Cannon.
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
840:
838:
816:
814:
812:
718:Public domain. U.S. Government publication.
672:"The Widow Blakely": 7.5-inch Blakely Rifle
2311:Deringer M1825 Philadelphia caplock pistol
2183:M1840 army noncommissioned officer's sword
2135:
2121:
2047:Civil War Weapons in the Shenandoah Valley
1945:Artillery and Ammunition of the Civil War.
1870:Macmillan Encyclopedia of the Confederacy.
1814:Head, Sylvia and W. T. Millican, F. M. C.
1369:Head, Sylvia and W. T. Millican, F. M. C.
1031:
875:Macmillan Encyclopedia of the Confederacy.
822:Artillery and Ammunition of the Civil War.
790:
710:Civil War Weapons in the Shenandoah Valley
534:100-pounder (7-inch) Blakely rifle at the
134:
2399:Wesson and Leavitt M1850 Dragoon revolver
2356:Remington M1860 Elliot revolver pepperbox
1984:. New York: Chartwell Books, Inc., 2011.
1691:, volume XIX, issue 1, 1957, pages 21–30.
1310:
1280:
1236:, volume XIX, issue 1, 1957, pages 21–30.
1153:
1127:, Vol. 1, No. 2 (June, 1917), pp. 98–105.
1062:. New York: Chartwell Books, Inc., 2011.
1009:
1007:
1005:
756:
449:
327:had a variety of artillery pieces at the
2065:Lynchburg, VA: J.P. Bell and Co., 1915.
1182:
1095:Lynchburg, VA: J.P. Bell and Co., 1915.
955:
835:
809:
282:
2261:Butterfield M1855 transitional revolver
1965:New York: Rogers & Sherwood, 1887.
1591:; First hardcover edition 2002, p. 251.
1538:New York: Rogers & Sherwood, 1887.
433:was taken from the "Anglo-Rebel Pirate
3047:
2883:Parrott 20-pounder M1861 rifled cannon
2878:Parrott 10-pounder M1861 rifled cannon
2835:12-pounder M1857 Napoleon field cannon
1002:
2732:Billinghurst Requa Battery volley gun
2451:Colt M1855 revolver carbine and rifle
2116:
2855:James 14-pounder M1861 rifled cannon
2321:Harpers Ferry M1836 and M1842 pistol
2223:USMC noncommissioned officer's sword
1924:Olmstead, Edwin, Wayne E. Stark and
91:
2868:Ordnance 3-inch M1861 rifled cannon
2371:Smith & Wesson Model No. 2 Army
2251:Allen & Wheelock M1861 revolver
295:, was organized November 11, 1861.
13:
2951:Whitworth 70-pounder rifled cannon
2898:Whitworth 12-pounder rifled cannon
2830:12-pounder M1841 mountain howitzer
2562:Sharps & Hankins M1862 carbine
2446:Charleville M1816 and M1822 musket
2316:Elgin M1838 cutlass caplock pistol
1947:New York: Promontory Press, 1970.
1689:The Journal of Mississippi History
1476:Longacre, 2002, pp. 270, 274, 329.
1234:The Journal of Mississippi History
824:New York: Promontory Press, 1970.
415:Blakely rifle which lodged in the
104:
14:
3081:
2375:Spiller & Burr M1861 revolver
2144:Weapons of the American Civil War
2098:
496:Rivers Bridge State Historic Site
468:Gettysburg National Military Park
304:Shenandoah Valley Campaign (1862)
2361:Savage-North M1861 Navy revolver
1125:The Georgia Historical Quarterly
559:
543:
527:
511:
486:(Fort Pemberton Memorial Park);
458:(4); West Point, New York, (2);
3055:Artillery of the United Kingdom
2873:Ordnance 4.5-inch rifled cannon
2627:Springfield M1863 rifled musket
2622:Springfield M1861 rifled musket
2617:Springfield M1855 rifled musket
2436:Brunswick P1836 and P1841 rifle
2389:Volcanic M1855 repeating pistol
2038:. Retrieved September 2, 2023.
1724:. First hardcover edition 2002.
1654:
1645:
1621:
1612:
1603:
1594:
1573:
1553:
1525:
1516:
1488:
1479:
1470:
1447:
1438:
1409:
1400:
1379:
1363:
1340:
1331:
1322:
1301:
1292:
1257:
1221:
1206:
1162:
1144:
1110:
1082:
1073:
1052:
1043:
1022:
993:
929:
920:
911:
902:
735:
727:Recovered projectiles from the
721:
702:
681:
665:
638:
606:
597:
145:Prince William County, Virginia
2797:Coehorn 5.82-inch M1841 mortar
2647:Wesson M1859 carbine and rifle
2642:Volcanic M1855 repeating rifle
2379:Starr M1858 and M1863 revolver
889:
880:
847:
587:
578:
291:battery, suggested by Colonel
168:Fort Pulaski National Monument
1:
2256:Beaumont–Adams M1862 revolver
1667:
1218:.Retrieved September 2, 2023.
494:. A survivor was stolen from
456:Shiloh National Military Park
338:Chew's Battery fought at the
311:Shiloh National Military Park
113:First use against Fort Sumter
2820:6-pounder M1841 field cannon
2740:Gatling I and II machine gun
2552:Richmond M1861 rifled musket
2266:Colt M1836 Paterson revolver
2106:Captain Alexander Blakely RA
2035:and shown in larger type at
1679:Retrieved September 2, 2023.
1633:Retrieved September 2, 2023.
1263:Olmstead, 1997, pp. 139–140.
1215:and shown in larger type at
917:Blakely, 1860, pp. 319, 321.
749:
699:battery. Wise, 1915, p. 186.
571:
441:Union rejection of a Blakely
230:Confederate Secretary of War
185:until Vicksburg fell to the
85:George Forrester and Company
65:Sir William George Armstrong
7:
2612:Springfield M1847 musketoon
2501:Henry M1860 repeating rifle
2466:Enfield P1853 rifled musket
2461:Deringer M1817 Common rifle
2456:Deringer M1814 Common rifle
2276:Colt M1848 Dragoon revolver
2203:M1852 naval officer's sword
2193:M1840 light artillery saber
999:Hazlett, 2004, pp. 197–205.
26:is the name of a series of
10:
3086:
2518:Lorenz M1854 rifled musket
2366:Smith & Wesson Model 1
2301:Colt M1862 Police revolver
2281:Colt M1849 Pocket revolver
2271:Colt M1847 Walker revolver
2175:M1832 foot artillery sword
1850:Imported English Artillery
1298:Ripley, 1970, pp. 158-159.
1079:Ripley, 1970, pp. 156-157.
886:Ripley, 1970, pp. 154-155.
855:Imported English Artillery
693:Battle of Chancellorsville
480:Charleston, South Carolina
209:Wilmington, North Carolina
51:Development and production
2963:
2906:
2845:32-pounder M1844 howitzer
2840:24-pounder M1841 howitzer
2825:12-pounder M1841 howitzer
2805:
2782:
2773:
2717:
2660:
2412:
2336:Lefaucheux M1858 revolver
2331:Lefaucheux M1854 revolver
2231:
2213:M1860 light cavalry saber
2150:
371:
362:Jackson's Valley campaign
325:Army of Northern Virginia
2921:Bomford Columbiad cannon
2607:Springfield M1842 musket
2602:Springfield M1840 musket
2597:Springfield M1835 musket
2592:Springfield M1822 musket
2587:Springfield M1816 musket
2582:Springfield M1812 musket
2577:Springfield M1795 musket
2496:Harper Ferry M1803 rifle
2491:Hall-North M1843 carbine
2476:Fayetteville M1862 rifle
2351:Remington M1858 revolver
2306:Colt Root M1855 revolver
2296:Colt M1861 Navy revolver
2291:Colt M1860 Army revolver
2286:Colt M1851 Navy revolver
1337:Wise, 1915, pp. 162–163.
554:, Boston, Massachusetts.
500:Barnwell, South Carolina
460:Beaufort, South Carolina
366:Valley campaigns of 1864
2946:Rodman Columbiad cannon
2681:Double-barreled shotgun
2533:Mississippi M1841 rifle
2471:Enfield P1861 musketoon
1825:Holley, Alexander Lyman
1651:Olmstead, 1997, p. 301.
1642:Olmstead, 1997, p. 138.
1600:Olmstead, 1997, p. 226.
1522:Olmstead, 1997, p. 271.
1373:in JSTOR "Old Letters"
1360:Olmstead, 1997, p. 284.
1277:Olmstead, 1997, p. 140.
1254:Olmstead, 1997, p. 139.
1150:Olmstead, 1997, p. 188.
1141:Olmstead, 1997, p. 136.
1119:. Olmstead, Charles H.
936:Holley, Alexander Lyman
674:at Civil War Artillery
646:Holley, Alexander Lyman
538:, District of Columbia.
273:Bernhards Bay, New York
215:by the blockade runner
141:Battle of Cockpit Point
135:In other fortifications
2481:Gallager M1861 carbine
2441:Burnside M1855 carbine
2404:Whitney M1857 revolver
2384:Tranter M1856 revolver
1712:deKay, James Tertius.
1579:deKay, James Tertius.
1040:Hazlett, 2004, p. 197.
1028:Hazlett, 2004, p. 205.
926:Blakely, 1860, p. 321.
908:Blakely, 1860, p. 317.
484:Greenwood, Mississippi
450:Other surviving pieces
403:on June 19, 1864, off
399:which was sunk by the
2850:Blakely rifled cannon
2760:Vandenberg volley gun
2652:Whitworth P1857 rifle
2637:Tarpley M1863 carbine
2528:Merrill M1858 carbine
2523:Maynard M1851 carbine
2426:Augustin M1842 musket
1915:Melton, Jr., Jack W.
1885:The Antietam Campaign
1877:Defending Lee's Flank
1618:Scharf, 1887, p. 790.
1485:Ripley, 1970, p. 152.
1425:The Antietam Campaign
1417:Defending Lee's Flank
1406:Hartwig, 2012, p. 84.
1319:Ripley, 1970, p. 157.
1289:Ripley, 1970, p. 158.
1049:Ripley, 1970, p. 154.
1013:Melton, Jr., Jack W.
552:Charlestown Navy Yard
427:CSS Florida (cruiser)
283:In other land battles
253:Low Moor Iron Company
189:under the command of
156:Siege of Fort Pulaski
28:rifled muzzle-loading
2926:Brooke rifled cannon
2893:Pate revolver cannon
2765:Williams machine gun
2750:Pate revolver cannon
2686:Hale rocket launcher
2547:Potzdam M1831 musket
2394:Walch M1859 revolver
2346:Moore M1864 revolver
2341:LeMat M1856 revolver
2241:Adams M1851 revolver
1758:Blakely Ordnance Co.
1696:Remarks on Artillery
1609:Ripley, 1970, p. 93.
1444:Krick, 1999, p. 194.
1307:Holley, 1865, p. 45.
1159:Ripley 1970, p. 155.
844:Riley, 1970, p. 150.
803:Remarks on Artillery
630:Blakely Ordnance Co.
536:Washington Navy Yard
472:Warren, Pennsylvania
431:Washington Navy Yard
387:The commerce raider
344:Battle of Gettysburg
249:Fort Morgan, Alabama
211:in August 1863 from
204:as "Widow Blakely."
3014:Maynard tape primer
2736:Claxton machine gun
2632:Starr M1858 carbine
2567:Smith M1857 carbine
2431:Ballard M1861 rifle
2326:Kerr M1855 revolver
2188:M1840 cavalry saber
2179:M1833 dragoon saber
2081:Wittenberg, Eric J.
1959:Scharf, John Thomas
1899:Longacre, Edward G.
1875:Krick, Robert E.L.
1854:Current, Richard N.
1784:Hartwig, D. Scott.
1532:Scharf, John Thomas
1454:Wittenberg, Eric J.
1415:Krick, Robert E.L.
1385:Hartwig, D. Scott.
1346:Wise, 1915, p. 163.
1328:Wise, 1915, p. 162.
859:Current, Richard N.
742:Blakely ammunition.
689:Gettysburg campaign
476:Rock Island Arsenal
395:. The wreck of the
348:Appomattox campaign
340:Battle of Fairfield
333:Army of the Potomac
301:Stonewall Jackson's
226:P. G. T. Beauregard
223:Confederate General
160:Charles H. Olmstead
124:Charles K. Prioleau
2755:Ripley machine gun
2745:Gorgas machine gun
2719:Rapid fire weapons
2160:Arkansas toothpick
2058:Wise, Jennings C.
1995:Smith, Timothy B.
1881:Gallagher, Gary W.
1741:Grabau, Warren E.
1421:Gallagher, Gary W.
1191:Smith, Timothy B.
1168:Grabau, Warren E.
1088:Wise, Jennings C.
466:, Tennessee unit;
329:Battle of Antietam
318:Seven Days Battles
267:and off loaded at
37:American Civil War
3042:
3041:
2959:
2958:
2913:Coastal artillery
2859:
2092:978-1-61121-070-5
2005:978-0-7006-2906-0
1990:978-0-7858-2854-9
1982:Civil War Weapons
1953:978-0-88394-003-7
1938:978-0-88855-012-5
1926:Spencer C. Tucker
1910:978-0-8117-0898-2
1893:978-0-8078-2481-8
1866:978-0-02-864920-7
1809:978-0-252-07210-9
1794:978-1-4214-0631-2
1779:978-0-06-273116-6
1751:978-1-57233-068-9
1722:978-0-345-43183-7
1694:Blakely, "A. T."
1589:978-0-345-43183-7
1465:978-1-61121-070-5
1433:978-0-8078-2481-8
1395:978-1-4214-0631-2
1201:978-0-7006-2906-0
1178:978-1-57233-068-9
1068:978-0-7858-2854-9
1060:Civil War Weapons
988:978-0-06-273116-6
871:978-0-02-864920-7
830:978-0-88394-003-7
785:978-0-252-07210-9
626:978-0-88855-012-5
614:Spencer C. Tucker
492:Winona, Minnesota
405:Cherbourg, France
297:R. Preston Chew's
237:Roswell S. Ripley
152:Savannah, Georgia
92:Types, variations
3077:
2931:Carronade cannon
2857:
2780:
2779:
2727:Ager machine gun
2709:Winans Steam Gun
2538:P1839 and P1842
2486:Hall M1819 rifle
2137:
2130:
2123:
2114:
2113:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2020:. March 19, 2010
2017:Nashua Telegraph
1943:Ripley, Warren.
1858:The Confederacy.
1683:Bearss, Edwin C.
1661:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1634:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1592:
1577:
1571:
1557:
1551:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1504:. March 19, 2010
1501:Nashua Telegraph
1492:
1486:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1468:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1436:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1398:
1383:
1377:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1347:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1278:
1275:
1264:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1237:
1228:Bearss, Edwin C.
1225:
1219:
1210:
1204:
1189:
1180:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1128:
1114:
1108:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1071:
1056:
1050:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1029:
1026:
1020:
1011:
1000:
997:
991:
972:
953:
933:
927:
924:
918:
915:
909:
906:
900:
893:
887:
884:
878:
863:The Confederacy.
851:
845:
842:
833:
820:Ripley, Warren.
818:
807:
794:
788:
773:
743:
739:
733:
725:
719:
706:
700:
685:
679:
669:
663:
642:
636:
610:
604:
601:
595:
591:
585:
582:
563:
547:
531:
515:
504:Galena, Illinois
323:The Confederate
269:Boston Navy Yard
194:Ulysses S. Grant
3085:
3084:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3065:Field artillery
3045:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3024:Paper cartridge
3004:Friction primer
2971:
2955:
2941:Paixhans cannon
2936:Dahlgren cannon
2911:
2902:
2812:Siege artillery
2810:
2801:
2769:
2713:
2691:Ketchum Grenade
2676:Congreve rocket
2656:
2408:
2227:
2146:
2141:
2101:
2023:
2021:
2010:
1980:Smith, Graham.
1765:Hansen, Les D.
1733:Military Images
1670:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1578:
1574:
1565:Military Images
1558:
1554:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1435:. pp. 192, 194.
1414:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1384:
1380:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1297:
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1276:
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1262:
1258:
1253:
1240:
1226:
1222:
1211:
1207:
1190:
1183:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1131:
1115:
1111:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1058:Smith, Graham.
1057:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1012:
1003:
998:
994:
974:Hansen, Les D.
973:
956:
934:
930:
925:
921:
916:
912:
907:
903:
894:
890:
885:
881:
852:
848:
843:
836:
819:
810:
795:
791:
774:
757:
752:
747:
746:
740:
736:
726:
722:
707:
703:
686:
682:
670:
666:
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639:
611:
607:
602:
598:
592:
588:
583:
579:
574:
567:
564:
555:
548:
539:
532:
523:
516:
452:
443:
374:
289:horse artillery
285:
256:Navy Yard. The
233:James A. Seddon
137:
115:
107:
105:Confederate use
94:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3083:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3029:Percussion cap
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2989:.56-56 Spencer
2986:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2961:
2960:
2957:
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2948:
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2800:
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2794:
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2786:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2734:
2729:
2723:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2699:Rains landmine
2696:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2654:
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2298:
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2278:
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2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2237:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2218:Mameluke sword
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2140:
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2099:External links
2097:
2096:
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2078:
2077:Public domain.
2056:
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2008:
1993:
1978:
1977:Public domain.
1956:
1941:
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1845:Public domain.
1822:
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1727:DeMik, Roger.
1725:
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1709:Public domain.
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1559:DeMik, Roger.
1552:
1550:Public domain.
1524:
1515:
1487:
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1469:
1467:, pp. 122–123.
1446:
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524:
522:Blakely rifle.
517:
510:
488:Wortham, Texas
451:
448:
442:
439:
382:Union Blockade
373:
370:
287:A Confederate
284:
281:
198:Whistling Dick
170:in the 1930s.
136:
133:
114:
111:
106:
103:
93:
90:
61:Armstrong guns
52:
49:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3071:
3070:Muzzleloaders
3068:
3066:
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2999:Canister shot
2997:
2995:
2994:Buck and ball
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:and equipment
2970:
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2695:Rains grenade
2694:
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2682:
2679:
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2672:
2669:
2667:Adams grenade
2666:
2665:
2663:
2661:Other weapons
2659:
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2208:M1860 cutlass
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2152:Edged weapons
2149:
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738:
732:2004, p. 197.
730:
724:
717:
713:
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705:
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697:John Pelham's
694:
690:
684:
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410:
406:
402:
401:USS Kearsarge
398:
394:
390:
385:
383:
379:
369:
367:
363:
358:
356:
351:
349:
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341:
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321:
319:
314:
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307:
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290:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
265:USS Worcester
261:
259:
254:
250:
245:
241:
238:
234:
231:
227:
224:
220:
219:
214:
210:
205:
203:
199:
195:
192:
191:Major General
188:
184:
180:
176:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
148:
146:
142:
132:
129:
128:Morris Island
125:
121:
110:
102:
98:
89:
86:
82:
77:
75:
71:
70:Royal Arsenal
66:
62:
57:
48:
44:
42:
41:Massachusetts
38:
34:
29:
25:
21:
20:Blakely rifle
2849:
2539:
2506:
2505:Jenks M1841
2109:—A biography
2105:
2083:
2075:Attribution:
2074:
2062:. Volume 1.
2059:
2053:Attribution:
2052:
2046:
2039:
2022:. Retrieved
2015:
1996:
1981:
1975:Attribution:
1974:
1962:
1944:
1929:
1916:
1901:
1884:
1876:
1869:
1857:
1849:
1848:Huey, C. A.
1843:Attribution:
1842:
1828:
1815:
1800:
1785:
1770:
1766:
1757:
1742:
1732:
1728:
1713:
1707:Attribution:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1685:
1673:
1656:
1647:
1638:
1627:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1596:
1580:
1575:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1548:Attribution:
1547:
1535:
1527:
1518:
1506:. Retrieved
1499:
1490:
1481:
1472:
1456:
1449:
1440:
1424:
1416:
1411:
1402:
1386:
1381:
1370:
1365:
1342:
1333:
1324:
1303:
1294:
1259:
1230:
1223:
1208:
1192:
1169:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1124:
1121:Fort Pulaski
1120:
1112:
1105:Attribution:
1104:
1092:. Volume 1.
1089:
1084:
1075:
1059:
1054:
1045:
1024:
1014:
995:
979:
975:
952:. pp. 36–50.
939:
931:
922:
913:
904:
896:
891:
882:
874:
862:
854:
853:Huey, C. A.
849:
821:
802:
797:
792:
776:
737:
728:
723:
716:Attribution:
715:
709:
704:
683:
671:
667:
649:
640:
629:
617:
608:
599:
589:
580:
518:A 2.75 inch
478:, Illinois;
453:
444:
434:
424:
416:
412:
408:
396:
386:
378:SS Georgiana
375:
359:
354:
352:
337:
322:
315:
308:
293:Turner Ashby
286:
262:
246:
242:
217:
206:
172:
149:
138:
116:
108:
99:
95:
78:
58:
54:
45:
23:
19:
18:
2170:Bowie knife
2040:Attribution
1816:Old Letters
1767:Blakely gun
1371:Old Letters
976:Blakely gun
420:rudder post
417:Kearsarge's
389:CSS Alabama
277:Oneida Lake
179:Mississippi
154:during the
120:Fort Sumter
83:of London,
35:during the
33:Confederacy
24:Blakely gun
3049:Categories
3019:Minié ball
2969:cartridges
2965:Ammunition
2540:Brown Bess
1973:. p. 797.
1872:pp. 85–86.
1668:References
1546:, p. 797.
393:forecastle
187:Union Army
164:West Point
158:, Colonel
3009:Gunpowder
2984:.44 Henry
2979:.22 Short
2775:Artillery
2671:Coach gun
2024:26 August
1818:in JSTOR
1698:on JSTOR
1508:26 August
1203:, p. 333.
1103:, p. 66.
1070:, p. 234.
832:. p. 148.
787:, p. 196.
750:Citations
729:Georgiana
572:Footnotes
413:Alabama's
409:Alabama's
218:Gibraltar
213:Liverpool
202:Ed Bearss
175:Vicksburg
81:Vavasseur
2704:Sea mine
2507:Mule ear
2233:Sidearms
1781:. p. 66.
1397:, p. 83.
990:, p. 66.
520:mountain
397:Alabama,
74:Woolwich
2784:Mortars
2509:carbine
2418:muskets
2165:Bayonet
2071:1388225
1971:1707792
1856:, ed.,
1839:5079161
1544:1707792
1101:1388225
950:5079161
861:, ed.,
660:5079161
435:Florida
3034:Ramrod
2542:musket
2414:Rifles
2090:
2069:
2003:
1988:
1969:
1951:
1936:
1908:
1891:
1883:, ed.
1864:
1837:
1807:
1792:
1777:
1749:
1720:
1587:
1542:
1463:
1431:
1423:, ed.
1393:
1199:
1176:
1099:
1066:
986:
948:
877:p. 86.
869:
828:
783:
658:
624:
490:; and
372:At Sea
183:mortar
2908:Naval
2807:Field
1769:. In
978:. In
857:. In
498:near
2416:and
2088:ISBN
2067:OCLC
2026:2023
2001:ISBN
1986:ISBN
1967:OCLC
1949:ISBN
1934:ISBN
1906:ISBN
1889:ISBN
1862:ISBN
1835:OCLC
1805:ISBN
1790:ISBN
1775:ISBN
1747:ISBN
1718:ISBN
1585:ISBN
1540:OCLC
1510:2023
1461:ISBN
1429:ISBN
1391:ISBN
1197:ISBN
1174:ISBN
1097:OCLC
1064:ISBN
984:ISBN
946:OCLC
867:ISBN
826:ISBN
781:ISBN
678:gun.
656:OCLC
622:ISBN
425:The
355:Hebe
228:and
2910:and
2809:and
1879:in
1852:in
1731:in
1563:in
1419:in
1123:in
437:".
368:).
275:on
72:at
63:of
22:or
3051::
2967:,
2073:.
2014:.
1961:.
1928:.
1841:.
1827:.
1534:.
1498:.
1351:^
1312:^
1282:^
1268:^
1241:^
1184:^
1132:^
1033:^
1004:^
957:^
938:.
837:^
811:^
758:^
648:.
616:.
506:.
482:;
474:;
470:;
462:;
364:;
350:.
313:.
279:.
177:,
76:.
2136:e
2129:t
2122:v
2094:.
2028:.
2007:.
1992:.
1955:.
1940:.
1912:.
1895:.
1811:.
1796:.
1753:.
1738:.
1570:.
1512:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.