Siege of Fort Pulaski

565: 2317:. p. 279-284. Admiral David D. Porter assumed command of the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron on 1 October 1864 to assemble fleet (p.278). On December 24–25, at rates of fire at times of 115 shells per minute, 20,000 shells amounting to more than 600 tons, the naval bombardment did little damage, killed three and 61 wounded. General Butler made no attack, but withdrew, resulting in his relief and court-martial. (p. 280-281). In the January bombardment, Porter ranged four ironclads about 700 yards from the fort, with an additional 44 ships' bombardment with specific targets assigned for each ship. While the Confederates were repelling the landing party assault, General A. J. Terry secured two fort guns before his attack was discovered. Porter and Terry conducted the "best coordinated amphibious assault of the war" against the "most formidable position taken". The scholar Admiral Bern Anderson mentions these were the successful naval gunnery tactics used in World War II in battles such as the 476: 39: 906:

resupply sortie, one of the three gunboats was still seriously disabled. Lee reasoned that if Tattnall's plan failed, the city itself would be open to attack. The three-to-seven exchange had not gone well for the defenders of Savannah. A possible two-to-seven match against ships with superior armament did not promise better. No further consideration was given to relief of the fort; in any case, it had perhaps sixteen weeks of provisions left in store. Meanwhile, Federal emplacements continued to improve on Jones and Bird islands, Venus Point and other points along the river. During the Federal bombardment of Fort Pulaski, April 10–11, "Old

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Later Union amphibious operations would employ "contraband" (escaped slave) labor for much of this work. Along the two-and-a-half mile front, their engineers had to construct almost a mile of corduroy road made of bundles of brushwood to keep the guns from sinking into the swamp. While offloading proceeded day and night according to the tides, Confederate bombardment from Fort Pulaski gunners required all Federal movement into the island limited to night time. After a month of work, 36 mortars, heavy guns and rifled cannon were in position.

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laid down, gun emplacements excavated, magazines and bomb-proofs constructed. As the work progressed southwesterly nearing the fort, in the last mile the Union troops came under fire from the fort's gunners. A ranging shot said to be aimed by Colonel Olmstead himself cut a Union soldier in two. The following bombardment from elevated fort guns effected mortar barrages that forced all construction to proceed on Tybee Island by night. Each morning the uncompleted elements of siege construction were camouflaged against the fort's spotters.

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fire proved effective from Parrott and James rifles, and working columbiad guns. There ensued a lull from the fort, but the Confederate gunners re-opened an energetic counter battery duel that required the Parrotts to give up their wall assignment and concentrate on the working Confederate guns until they were re-silenced. By nightfall the wall at the southeast corner had been breached. Under periodic harassing bombardment throughout the hours of darkness, Olmstead's garrison put several guns back into service.

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Wide swampy marshes surrounded the fort on all sides and were infested with native alligators. No attacking ship could safely come within effective range, and land batteries could not be placed closer than Tybee Island, one to two miles away. Beyond 700 yards (640 meters), smoothbore guns and mortars had little chance to break through heavy masonry walls. Beyond 1,000 yards (910 m), they had no chance at all. Prior to the war, the U.S. Chief of Engineers, Colonel

914: 5727: 3059: 5737: 1212: 462: 1204: 3069: 2122:, or the fighting parson's regiment in the War of Rebellion". 1886. the 48th New York State Volunteers regimental history from survivor interviews and soldier journals under the command of Methodist minister, Colonel James H. Perry. This regiment would later garrison Fort Pulaski. One of the earliest photographs of baseball is of this regiment playing in the fort yard. See the NPS website photos. 2694:: African-American Experiences in the Era of the Civil War, a web-based curriculum." National Park Service. Pdf file created 2007. "Best practices" lesson plan, site supports student handouts. Though omitting primary and secondary sources (scan is truncated), generally meets requirements of the US Department of Education "Teaching American History" grant and teacher's National Board Certification. 1320:"Lessons learned" by the Confederates were immediately incorporated into the defenses of Charleston, SC. On his release as a prisoner-of-war, Colonel Olmstead was assigned engineer and gunnery duty there. Repeated Union naval and amphibious assaults between 1862 to 1865 failed. Both Union gunboats and ironclads repeatedly suffered substantial damage and loss by Confederate gunnery and mines. 758:. Its cargo of arms and munitions reached the entrance to Wassaw Sound at the mouth of the Savannah River on a clear night in mid November, but heavy fog in the early morning masked the ship's progress across the bar and upriver. Later, she made two unsuccessful attempts at escaping the blockade before being converted into an ironclad. Pulaski's share on ship's manifest was two 24-pounder 633:, about three miles downriver from the city, was supplemented with two additional batteries. Defenders built fire barges. Lee first placed a battery at Causton's Bluff commanding navigable estuaries leading to the Savannah River behind Fort Pulaski. Then he added another battery situated farther upriver on Elba Island, blocking all river approachs to Savannah. The Union naval commander, 885:. On February 13, it was on a routine run to the fort down the North Channel. The new battery of Federal heavy guns on the north bank opened up for the first time. The old side-wheeler ran for Pulaski and the battery got off nine shots before the guns recoiled off their platforms. Union troops went back to work modifying platform construction and resetting the cannon. Two days later 1167:

Olmstead replied, "I am here to defend the fort, not to surrender it." The bombardment began at 8:00 a.m., concentrating on the fort's southeast corner which suffered greatly. The Confederate gunnery was described by the Federal commander as "efficient and accurate firing ... great precision, not only at our batteries, but even at the individual persons passing between them."

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dispatches as Rebel "firing ... good all the morning, doing some damage". At the same time, the Parrott rifles and Columbiads opened a great gap in the wall, sending shot across the interior of the fort and against the northwest powder magazine containing twenty tons of powder. Regarding his situation as hopeless, Olmstead surrendered the fort at 2:30 p.m. that day.

1469:, 1885 edited by John Austin Stevens, et al. p. 56. Fort 48 guns of all calibers: five 10-inch and nine 8-inch columbiads unchambered, three 42-pounder and twenty 32-pounder guns, two 24-Blakely rifle guns, one 24-pounder iron howitzer, two 12-pounder bronze howitzers, two 12-inch iron mortars, three 10-inch sea-coast mortars, and one 6-pounder bronze field piece. 1269:, the bombardment was diffuse and scattered, without any real damage to the fort made by the many shots aimed at the fort's flagpole. Admiral Porter adopted Gillmore's gunnery tactics for the second attack, assigning targets until they were destroyed. The January 1865 bombardment dismounted 73 of the fort's 75 guns and mostly shot away the fort's palisade. 685:, authorized a combined army and navy expeditionary corps. Sherman commanded the army elements, and Flag Officer Samuel Du Pont commanded the naval services. The objectives were: to recapture Fort Pulaski as federal property; to close the port of Savannah to the rebels; and, to extend the blockade southward. First they needed a coaling station for the 609:. "Every effort must be made" to retard or prevent further progress of the enemy directly upriver on the Savannah River approaches. "If he attempts to advance by batteries on the marshes or islands, he must be driven back, if possible." Scouts were ordered out "so as to discover his first lodgment, when they can be broken up." An additional three-gun 949:

infantry assaults to come later. Battery Totten at a range of 1,650 yards (1,510 m) with four 10-inch siege mortars was assigned to explode shells over the northeast and southeast walls, or at any hidden batteries outside the fort. Battery Scott at 1,740 yards (1,590 m) with its three 10-inch and one 8-inch

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government required a withdrawal from seaboard forces into the interior of South Carolina and Georgia to better secure the breadbasket plantations feeding the armies. In Florida, only the Apalachicola River had to be defended at all costs because Federal gunboats could penetrate so deeply into the Georgia interior.

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pulled by hand through swamp over moveable tram sections, the men working in brackish alligator-infested marsh, sinking in over their waist most of the day. The artillery then had to be placed on board-and-bag platforms to avoid their loss by sinking into the morass. The soldiers rested during the day.

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channel connecting the river to the Union-held Port Royal, and he patrolled the river with Confederate gunboats. The Federals had to clear the obstruction on their most direct supply line first; it required three weeks. A camp and supply depot was established on the next island north, Dawfuskie Island.

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Gillmore reported in his after-action assessment of the siege by his artillery, "Good rifled guns, properly served can breach rapidly" at 1600–2000 yards when they are followed by heavy round shot to knock down loosened masonry. The 84-pounder James is unexcelled in breaching, but its grooves must be

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At the end of February Tattnall laid plans for an amphibious assault on the two advanced batteries at Venus Point and Oakley Island. Lee personally interceded. Preparations at Old Fort Jackson were not completed. Although Tattnall's flagship had been put back into service since the Squadron's January

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line between Savannah and Cockspur Island. Two infantry companies entrenched nearby to ward off Confederate raiding activity and a gunboat was detailed to patrol the channel and support the infantry. By late February 1862, no supplies or reinforcements could get in; the Confederate garrison could not

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a random manner." But the innovative weaponry in the event made his deployed 10,000-man assault force unnecessary. Of the two senior military commanders leading up to the engagement, neither Union general, Sherman, nor Confederate general, Lee believed the fort could be captured by bombardment alone.

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When Federal forces first made a lodgment on Tybee Island, the work on Fort Pulaski was progressing slowly, but Lee's judgment as the district's commanding general was that "the river cannot be forced". Old Fort Jackson had been armed, strengthened and "forms an interior barrier". Savannah's channel

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is due east (lower right). The inset extends the map northeast up the coast towards Charleston, S.C. Map shows sailing directions: piloting offshore, finding anchorage, beating over the bar, tides, currents, navigational aides. Click once to the Wikimedia site. Click again for map full screen, click

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Savannah boasted a roundhouse repair facility. Three railroads at the time of the Civil War were (1) Central of Georgia Railroad, 1843, to cotton center of the state: Macon and Milledgeville; (2) Savannah, Albany and Gulf Railroad to the south central part of Georgia; and (3) the Savannah Charleston

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Heavy caliber rifled cannon which the Federals needed to reduce Pulaski had arrived nearby in February, at which time Gillmore decided to locate the batteries at the northwestern tip of Tybee Island nearest the fort. By March, Gillmore was offloading siege materiel onto Tybee Island. Roads had to be

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Tattnall's gunboats still commanded the lower river around Point Venus. As a part of Lee's active defense, the Confederate's Savannah River Squadron launched continuous patrols. Their naval gunnery required the work along the river by Union besiegers to be done at night. The Federal's guns had to be

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Following a reconnaissance of the ground, Gillmore proposed the unconventional plan to reduce Fort Pulaski with mortars and rifled guns. Sherman approved the plan, but not the promise of the rifled guns. His endorsement was qualified, believing gunnery effect would be limited, "to shake the walls in

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Fort Pulaski was considered invincible with its 7-1/2-foot solid brick walls and reinforcing masonry piers. Lee had earlier surveyed the fort's defenses with Colonel Olmstead and determined, "they will make it pretty warm for you here with shells, but they cannot breach your walls at that distance."

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and aids to navigation down the Atlantic coast, then redeployed most of its 10,000 troops. The Confederate army-navy defense blocked Federal advance for over three months, secured the city, and prevented any subsequent Union advance from seaward during the war. Coastal rail connections were extended

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Two sites for Federal batteries were selected upriver from the fort to cut it off from Savannah, just as Lee had anticipated. The first was at Point Venus at the east end of Jones Island along the north bank of the Savannah River North Channel. Tattnall had sunk a schooner to obstruct the northward

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sortied out from under Fort Pulaski's guns in a "brave but brief" attack on the Union ships outside the bar, driving them out to sea. Tattnall's squadron withdrew up the Savannah River for refit and two days later, the same three resupplied the fort with six months provisions, despite "the spirited

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On Lee's transfer to Richmond, he detailed urgent defense construction, then he called on Lawton's "earnest and close attention" to the Federal's probable approach to the city. "It looks now as if he would take the Savannah River". Guns located in island batteries were to be removed to the mainland

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attack on seven Federal gunboats on the river, Lee's assessment was that "there is nothing to prevent their reaching the Savannah River, and we have nothing afloat that can contend against them." Fort Pulaski, a "Third System", scientifically engineered coastal defense fort, still had at least four

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Elliott, Daniel, Archaeological Reconnaissance at the Drudi Tract, Tybee Island ... op.cit. p. 14. After early misleadingly optimistic reports, within a few days, Federal reports described the firing as having caused substantial internal damage to the lighthouse, and the lens appeared to have been

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As the day wore on, counter-battery fire from Fort Pulaski was gradually silenced as their guns were either dismounted or rendered unserviceable. Two of the Federal 10-inch columbiads jumped backwards off their carriages. The 13-inch mortars placed less than 10% rounds on target. However, Federal

747:, the command's chief engineering officer, with three companies of the Fourth New Hampshire, took formal possession of the entire island without opposition. The navy set the logistics train in motion, and by December 20, the army had sufficient materials for establishing "a permanent possession". 600:

In March, Lee passed along War Department orders to begin transferring regiments from Florida to Tennessee to reinstate operations following the "disasters to our arms" there. Georgian troops had been sent to Virginia in July, additional Georgians would be moved to Tennessee also. The Confederate

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from a James River command and would employ sailors to service at a battery across from Savannah's Fort Jackson. Turning his attention to Fort Pulaski's defenses, Lee anticipated Union moves to establish batteries above the fort. He ordered guns positioned to cover their likely positions were the

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To land the cannon onto Tybee Island, artillery pieces were taken off transports, set on rafts at high tide, and pitched into the surf near shore. At low tide, manpower alone would drag the guns up the beach. Two hundred and fifty men were required to move a 13-inch mortar along on a sling cart.

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and a 48-pounder James rifled cannon (formerly a 24-pounder smoothbore). Their mission was to fire on the barbette guns until silenced, then switch to percussion shells onto the southeast walls and adjacent embrasure, at a rate of 10–12 rounds an hour to effect wall penetrations for the planned

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In consultation with Lee, Olmstead had distributed armament on the ramparts and in the casements to cover all approaches, and several were placed to cover westerly marshes and Savannah's North Channel. Confederate marauders burned sea island cotton crops to deny them falling into Federal hands.

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The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series 1, vol. 6 chap. 15, Operations on the Coasts of South Carolina, Georgia, and Middle and East Florida, Aug 21, 1861 – Apr 11, 1862. vol. 44, Vol. 14, Chap. 26. Government Printing Office.

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on the ninth prevented action, but all was ready for the Federals by April 10, and the newly appointed Commander of the Department, Major-General David Hunter, sent a demand for "immediate surrender and restoration of Fort Pulaski to the authority and possession of the United States." Colonel

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Lawton's October report for his Department listed 2,753 men and officers in the environs of Savannah, almost half of the command. First Georgia Regulars had been assigned to Tybee Island. They built a battery on Tybee Island and manned it, along with lookouts along the beach. The Regiment was

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detached 100 crew to man four of the 30-pounder Parrott rifles. In the morning, with the wind picking up right to left and affecting shell trajectory, the Union artillery resumed the bombardment, concentrating fire to enlarge the opening. The Georgia gunners again found targets, described in

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One of the two 13-inch mortars of Battery Halleck at 2,400 yards (2,200 m) range was given the task of signaling the opening of the bombardment. The battery would proceed by shelling the arches of the north and northeast faces with plunging fire, "exploding after striking, not before".

1566:. LAMAR Institute Publication Series, 127, By Daniel T. Elliott., Savannah, Georgia, 2008, p.14. Troops under the command of William Duncan Smith. Col. Olmstead would later command this regiment in the Army of Tennessee after service with his volunteers in the defense of Charleston, 1863. 521:

On January 3, 1861, 16 days before the secession of Georgia from the Union, volunteer militia seized Fort Pulaski from the Federal government and, with Confederate forces, began repairing and upgrading the armament. In late 1861, the commander, Department of Georgia, Brigadier General

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Once the Union battery at Venus Point was disclosed, Confederate gunboats engaged in gunnery duels, but they were driven off. Over the next week, the besiegers completely surrounded the Fort. Federals built another battery on the Savannah River across from Venus Point. They threw a

2553:, Compiled and Arranged from Official Records of the Federal and Confederate Armies, Reports of the ... Several States, the Army Registers, and Other ... Two Volumes. National Historical Society with the Press of Morningside Bookshop, Dayton, Ohio. Originally published in 1908. 1575:

On orders to proceed to Virginia by the Confederate government, General Lawson directed the 1st Georgia Regulars to make transit regardless of protests from the Governor of Georgia. Two 8-inch columbiads from their Tybee Island battery were dismounted and relocated into Fort

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Fire was to cease at dark, except for special directions, and in the event, intermittent harassment was sustained on the fort overnight. A signal officer was stationed at Battery Scott to communicate the ranging of the mortar batteries Stanton, Grant and Sherman.

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had made a major impact on the battle. The rifled cannon fired significantly further with more accuracy and greater destructive impact than the smoothbores then in use. Its application achieved tactical surprise unanticipated by senior commanders of either side.

2243:. by Brig.-Gen. Q.A. Gillmore, Captain of Engineers, U.S.A., to the United States Engineer Department, 1862, D.Van Nostrand, NY. The columbiads failed due to incompatible bolts shearing off. They were not inspected before they were placed in the line for firing. 560:

in the Charleston Harbor, they did not intend to use it. "We must endeavor to be prepared against assaults elsewhere on the Southern coast." To that end, ships were sunk by the Confederates in the water approaches that led behind Fort Pulaski.

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By Lee's estimation, the fort could not be reduced by bombardment or direct assault, only by starvation, and would be secure as long as supplies could be built up. The last Confederate supply ship to Fort Pulaski was the small workhorse

5761: 1249:. Damage to the fort was repaired in six weeks, and the Confederates made no attempt to retake it. The city of Savannah itself remained in Confederate hands until the arrival of William Tecumseh Sherman in December 1864, when he 743:, and flew the national flag from them. Overnight, a reduced company set false campfires to misdirect the Confederates ashore. Two days later Du Pont and Sherman made a personal reconnaissance, and on 29 November, Major General 530:

assumed command of the newly created "Department of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida", headquartering in Savannah. He had helped construct the fort in his early military career and was familiar with the terrain and tides.

1388:. Union batteries bombard from Tybee Island. Brick thrown into the air is off the southeast corner of the fort by new Parrott Rifle cannon using percussion projectiles, making 7-foot penetrations. (Leslie's Weekly Magazine) 1872: 2545:

Davis, George B., Leslie J. Perry, and Joseph W. Kirkley 1894 Atlas to Accompany the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Originally published in 1891, Government Printing Office, Washington,

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at MacKay's Point was not intended to stop federal gunboats in force, but with Tattnall's gunboat support, they could prevent Federal batteries from being built on Elba Island to threaten Old Fort Jackson.

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The Union advance on Fort Pulaski began on November 24, 1861. Following reconnaissance that Confederates had abandoned Tybee Island, Du Pont ordered forward an amphibious raid with three gunboats at the

422:" fort which had been built nearby the city to defend the immediate approaches to its wharves. In the campaigns for national elections in 1860, Southerners threatened to secede from the United States if 674:. The Confederate Tybee Island battery had been previously dismantled and abandoned, and their guns relocated to the fort. The fort had been provisioned on January 28 with a six-month supply of food. 2076: 678:

Navigational aids like the Tybee Lighthouse were dismantled and burned. Reports from the field had Confederate troops setting fires to everything that might be used by advancing Federal troops.

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Lee's strategic considerations are outlined in his official correspondence as commanding officer of the department from Savannah on November 29 and December 20 to Confederate Secretary of War

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Map of the siege of Ft. Pulaski. Fort in red with outlying batteries, U.S. batteries in grey; besieging batteries upriver had infantry and gunboat support to cut off Pulaski from Savannah.

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Railroad in 1860 (later the "Charleston Savannah Railway"). The value of 38 manufacturing establishments of all kinds totaled near $ 1 million, more than any other county in the state.

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had for warships. The rapid reduction of Fort Pulaski was used to justify stopping work on masonry forts and led to a brief period of new construction of earthwork forts in the 1870s.

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This early in the conflict, it was still a "white man's war", and contrabands/freedmen were not yet employed under considerations for slave-holder 'property'. Victor, op.cit., p.107.

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is quoted as saying of the fort, "you might as well bombard the Rocky Mountains." If there were ever to be a successful siege, it would have to starve the garrison into submission.

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The four batteries closest to the fort were each given specific firing missions. Battery McClellan at a range of 1,650 yards (1,510 m) with two 84-pounder and two 64-pounder

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in and around Savannah's defensive lines. Obstructions in the river above the city were to be set by hands provided by upriver planters in the event of an envelopment by way of

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Heavy rifled batteries penetrated the fort's walls in three places at the southeast corner (center), while smoothbore guns merely shook walls "in a random manner" (right).

376:" fort in the United States system of coastal defense on land ceded to the United States by the State of Georgia. Authorized by appropriations begun by Congress under the 395:

The new construction replaced two earlier forts on Tybee Island. A British colonial fort was torn down in the American Revolution. The first U.S. fort, authorized in the

2467: 348:. The city was commercially and industrially important as a cotton exporting port, railroad center and the largest manufacturing center in the state, including a state 236: 2491:, Richmond Hill, Georgia State Park. "Our Georgia History" recounts engagements with Union blockade, four in 1862, four in 1863, blockade runners, Sherman in 1864. 1447:

Swanson, Mark and Robert Holcombe. Jan 31, 2007, p.30. On March 30, 1861, the vessels and crews of the Navy of Georgia were turned over to confederate authorities

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For a contemporary narrative of the process, see "chapter V... building batteries on Jones and Bird Islands" in Captain (later Colonel) James M. Nichols memoir,

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survived the detonation of a torpedo while attacking Fort McAllister in 1863. Given shortages in marine engines, the Confederate Navy built the floating battery

4669: 4664: 2700: 644:, insisted on forcing Lee's riverine batteries against Du Pont's recommendation, Sherman was transferred to the western theater and replaced by Major General 597:

months' provisions. Now, the primary objective became, "we must endeavor to defend the city." The city's floating dock was sunk as another river obstruction.

4674: 1540: 564: 1466: 5435: 5324: 5309: 3153: 330: 229: 2595: 5101: 5021: 3549: 2141:

Swanson, Mark and Holcombe, Robert. January 31, 2007, p.27, "Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Navy Dept., Naval Historical Center, online at

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Official Records, Armies, Chapter XV. Operations on the Coasts of South Carolina, Georgia and middle and east Florida. August 21, 1861 – April 11, 1862.

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Administration, was swept away in an 1804 hurricane. Construction began on Fort Pulaski during 1830, and was completed in 1845 in the administration of

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an address before the Confederate survivors' association, Augusta Georgia, April 26, 1883. by Col. Charles C. Jones, Jr., pres. of the association.

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an address before the Confederate survivors' association, Augusta Georgia, April 26, 1883. by Col. Charles C. Jones, Jr., pres. of the association.

3544: 1547:, excerpts. 379 men and officers were assigned to Fort Pulaski, another 1,183 on Tybee Island, 658 on Skidaway Island, and 533 in Savannah's camps. 475: 5319: 5294: 5096: 5004: 3554: 3288: 3023: 2556:

Schiller, Herbert M., Sumter is Avenged! The Siege & Reduction of Fort Pulaski. Shippenburg: The White Mane Publishing Company, Inc., 1995.

1559: 1312:(1863). Closure of gaps and connections between railways in Savannah, Augusta, and Charleston allowed timely movement of troops and supplies to 766:. As Du Pont sought to close the alternative channels local ships used, he sank stone-filled ships in the Savannah River channel, and stationed 5146: 4789: 4178: 4057: 5673: 5031: 4784: 4779: 4205: 2134: 2043: 1777: 1483: 1440: 1400: 4037: 3107: 2484: 944:

between the south and southeast faces and the adjacent embrasure. Battery Sigel at 1,670 yards (1,530 m) included the five 30-pounder

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Olmstead, Charles H., "The Memoirs of Charles H. Olmstead". Hawes, Lillian, editor 1964 Collections of the Georgia Historical Society 14.

491: 352:

and private shipyards. Two southerly estuaries led to the Savannah River behind the fort. Immediately east of Pulaski, and in sight of

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Jones, Charles C., Jr., chief of artillery of the Confederate Department of Georgia "Seizure and reduction of fort Pulaski" article in

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had been reduced from 650 to 385 officers and men. They were organized into five infantry companies and had 48 cannons, including ten

5541: 5304: 5274: 4912: 4841: 3539: 3534: 2774: 2600:

Weddle, Kevin J., "Lincoln's Tragic Admiral: The Life of Samuel Francis Du Pont" Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press 2005.

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The Beginning and the End: The Civil War Story of Federal Surrenders Before Ft. Sumter and Confederate Surrenders after Appomattox

5776: 5658: 5633: 5349: 5046: 4942: 4794: 4127: 4007: 3218: 4017: 5599: 5344: 4087: 4082: 3757: 2744: 3927: 2527:

by Brig.-Gen. Q.A. Gillmore, Captain of Engineers, U.S.A., to the United States Engineer Department, 1862, D.Van Nostrand, NY.

1980:

Following her successful blockade run into Savannah, ownership was transferred to the Confederate government as pre-arranged.

5781: 5171: 4163: 4158: 4022: 3922: 3173: 3028: 2668: 2654: 2605: 2568: 2398:

Anderson, Bern. "By Sea and by River: the naval history of the Civil War" 1962. Reprinted unabridged 1989 Da Capo paperback.

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Anderson, Bern. "By Sea and by River: the naval history of the Civil War" 1962. Reprinted unabridged 1989 Da Capo paperback.

2294: 1965: 1794: 1522: 1254: 2530:

A compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion, Series I, volume 12,

5430: 5134: 5106: 4345: 4153: 4122: 4052: 3912: 3486: 2432:, Savannah, Georgia, Fort Pulaski National Park. Marks seaward approach to North Channel and South Channel, Savannah River. 5420: 5410: 5061: 4769: 4132: 4097: 3992: 3570: 2361: 640:, conducted a reconnaissance of Lee's system of defense upriver. When the commanding military general, Brigadier General 4047: 5571: 5561: 5546: 5314: 5139: 4168: 4117: 4062: 4027: 4012: 4002: 3987: 3962: 3917: 3902: 3837: 3714: 3163: 2389:, University of North Carolina Press, 1998, pp. 161-162 refer to the projects to close the gaps in this coastal network 2376:

Confederate Torpedo Service By R. O. Crowley The Century / Volume 56, Issue 2, The Century Company, New York, June 1898

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The Union fleet conducted explorations among the Atlantic inlets and coastal marshes by shallow draft ships, boats and

5683: 5566: 5556: 5284: 4880: 4774: 4651: 4148: 4112: 4032: 3972: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3897: 3328: 3320: 3198: 3142: 3044: 2760: 2737: 2678: 2644: 2589: 2403: 2314: 1988:(1862–1863). In her first attack on Union blockaders, she was blocked by obstructions. In the second in spring 1863, 1827: 732: 2071:, vol.1, p. 691, cites Major General Thomas W. Sherman as senior commander, land forces. Succeeded by Major General 5771: 4077: 4042: 3982: 3937: 3100: 2974: 2811: 656: 404: 1537: 731:. Under a two-hour ship's bombardment, the Confederate pickets set fire to the lighthouse and withdrew. Commander 5643: 5628: 5510: 5470: 5369: 5354: 5339: 5334: 5166: 5071: 4102: 3997: 3957: 3678: 3514: 2821: 1809:

National Park Service (nps), Heritage Preservation Services, The American Battlefield Protection Program (ABPP).

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Tattnall had similarly employed sailors to man shore batteries in defense of Richmond immediately following the

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received considerable damage, returning to patrol the Savannah River only in mid-November the following year.

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at two southerly estuaries, Wassaw Sound, south of Wilmington Island, and Ossabaw Sound at Skidaway Island.

5299: 5041: 4831: 4806: 4518: 3593: 3298: 3238: 2473: 2649:

Schiller, Herbert M., "Sumter is avenged: the siege and reduction of Fort Pulaski", 1995. White Mane Pub.

1585:

The pre-Civil War militia designation was used by the unit, officially Georgia's Ninth Volunteer Regiment.

5730: 5478: 5229: 5066: 5056: 5051: 5009: 4433: 3732: 3183: 3093: 2997: 2897: 2882: 889:

ran up the South Channel under the extinguished lighthouse and returned to Savannah through Tybee Creek.

38: 1968:

The publishers copyright is dated 1861, the preface for volume 2 is dated 1863. Viewed October 27, 2014.

535:

reassigned to Virginia, departing July 17, 1861. Olmstead's "First Volunteer Regiment of Georgia" would

380:

administration, construction of Third System forts was directed under U.S. Secretaries of War including

5791: 5621: 5209: 5036: 4919: 4897: 4826: 4741: 3802: 3603: 3481: 3463: 2852: 2616: 2068: 1265:"Lessons learned" by the Union were not adopted until the war was over. In its December 1864 attack on 728: 662:

At the time Pulaski was cut off from Savannah in April 1862, the garrison under the command of Colonel

622: 361: 294: 97: 79: 2273:

Gillmore's orders had specified James guns having grooves cleaned every 5–6 rounds fired. NYT, op.cit.

1926: 1556: 5740: 5653: 5609: 5415: 5197: 4999: 4972: 4952: 4853: 4659: 4564: 3862: 3777: 3693: 3343: 3268: 3007: 2979: 2969: 2922: 2907: 2902: 2872: 2550: 1207:

Closeup of damage inflicted on Fort Pulaski by Union artillery on Big Tybee Island, April 12–14, 1862

739:, led a landing party of sailors and Marines in thirteen surf-boats to occupy the lighthouse and the 634: 2691: 1607: 5616: 5500: 5425: 5400: 5395: 5359: 5279: 4977: 4962: 4543: 3827: 3792: 3727: 3668: 3663: 3393: 2892: 2470:. Ships models for Atlantic trade, 1700s and 1800s. descriptive listing by Nautical Research Guild. 2318: 1645: 446:

in the South. The policy was continued until April 12, 1861, when South Carolina militia bombarded

345: 2673:

Wilson, Harold S. "Confederate Industry: Manufacturers and Quartermasters in the Civil War" 2002,

2253: 2131: 2040: 1876: 1774: 1735: 1480: 1437: 1397: 5604: 5224: 5192: 5187: 4885: 4858: 4250: 3747: 3737: 3509: 3504: 3358: 2964: 2932: 2421:

Savannah, Georgia. National Park Service. School visits are generally free. See "For Teachers".

2373: 2000:, overwhelmed in a gunnery duel and surrendered. In early 1864, the ship was re-commissioned the 1843:

Fort Pulaski – National Monument, Historical Handbook, NPS, Op. Cit. "Investment of Fort Pulaski"

1678: 1346: 1288: 1258: 523: 68: 2623: 2481: 2439: 1661: 5589: 5289: 4863: 4453: 4290: 4265: 3797: 3698: 3613: 3353: 3262: 2942: 2842: 2826: 2790: 774: 263: 2523:

Official report ... of the siege and reduction of Fort Pulaski, Georgia, March and April, 1862

2241:

Official report ... of the siege and reduction of Fort Pulaski, Georgia, March and April, 1862

2167:

Fort Pulaski – National Monument, Historical Handbook, NPS, Op. Cit. "Gillmore sets the stage"

1797:

Chapter 9, operations of Admiral Du Pont's squadron in the sounds of South Carolina. page 83+.

5505: 5405: 5219: 4868: 4821: 4731: 4699: 4406: 4396: 3842: 3832: 3817: 3767: 3722: 3378: 3363: 3256: 2917: 2867: 2816: 2013:"Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Navy Dept., Naval Historical Center, online at 1721: 1306: 744: 577: 544: 357: 123: 2429: 5663: 5515: 5488: 4957: 4736: 4719: 4376: 3872: 3857: 3852: 3822: 3807: 3787: 3405: 3309: 3193: 3002: 2927: 2422: 2344:. It made two sorties, was captured, repaired, and returned to service as the ironclad USS 1500: 898: 763: 690: 2435: 2252:"Fort Pulaski National Monument, National Park Service Historical Handbook Series (1961). 2119: 8: 5648: 5440: 5329: 5203: 4848: 4801: 4548: 4508: 4493: 4386: 4235: 3907: 3867: 3742: 3703: 3673: 3628: 3588: 3188: 3178: 2949: 2349: 1861: 863: 663: 585: 385: 136: 132: 2522: 2240: 2022: 5494: 5364: 4890: 4875: 4756: 4714: 4686: 4523: 4488: 4335: 4295: 3812: 3782: 3772: 3648: 3643: 3623: 3618: 3598: 3348: 3251: 3168: 3116: 2887: 2338: 1715: 1557:

Archaeological Reconnaissance at the Drudi Tract, Tybee Island, Chatham County, Georgia

1299: 1281: 718: 630: 573: 415: 318: 290: 30: 4468: 2142: 2059:

Fort Pulaski – National Monument, Historical Handbook, NPS, Op. Cit. "The New Weapon"

2028: 2014: 313:

after a 30-hour bombardment. The siege and battle are important for innovative use of

5736: 4992: 4594: 4528: 4463: 4366: 4285: 4245: 3847: 3653: 3608: 3223: 2954: 2912: 2862: 2674: 2664: 2650: 2640: 2601: 2585: 2564: 2560: 2399: 2310: 2290: 2018: 1961: 1957: 1823: 1711: 1674: 1518: 1276:: Tattnall's efforts to break the Union blockade at Savannah extended the modern era 1242: 652: 641: 637: 610: 569: 461: 396: 324:

The fort's surrender strategically closed Savannah as a port. The Union extended its

2729: 2447: 1734:

Fort Pulaski – National Monument, National Park Service Historical Handbook Series,

1610:

National Monument, Georgia, Historical Handbook Number Eighteen 1954 (reprint 1961).

986: 4604: 4473: 4443: 4438: 4371: 4310: 4305: 4260: 3762: 3752: 3658: 3638: 3633: 3383: 3373: 3333: 2877: 2857: 2847: 2330: 1977: 1884: 1686: 1682: 1277: 115: 221: 5762:

Battles of the Lower Seaboard Theater and Gulf Approach of the American Civil War

5678: 4967: 4816: 4709: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4569: 4538: 4448: 4391: 4381: 4340: 3368: 3338: 3158: 2503: 2488: 2138: 2047: 2034: 1781: 1563: 1544: 1487: 1444: 1404: 845: 751: 606: 498: 435: 423: 408: 389: 337: 2624:“Military lessons inculcated on the Coast of Georgia during the Confederate War” 1806: 1662:“Military lessons inculcated on the Coast of Georgia during the Confederate War” 1219: 1191: 556:

had been blocked. In December, Lee reasoned that, since the Federals had sunk a

4746: 4694: 4533: 4498: 4458: 4350: 4330: 4325: 4280: 3559: 3400: 3388: 2571:

The publishers copyright is dated 1861, the preface for volume 2 is dated 1863.

2464:. Squadron headquartered at Old Fort Jackson. Background for historical marker. 1701:

Correspondence, etc. – Confederate. November 29 on p. 32, December 20 on p. 42.

1385: 1246: 977: 838: 740: 686: 427: 341: 325: 317:

which made existing coastal defenses obsolete. The Union initiated large-scale

302: 167: 2461: 1720:

Fort Pulaski (red, right) on Cockspur Island at river's mouth. North shore of

902:

get out. The last link of communications was a weekly swamp swimming courier.

659:

just south of Savannah, their efforts using bombardment alone were fruitless.

5755: 5014: 4614: 4609: 4599: 4574: 4483: 4478: 4320: 4315: 4300: 4270: 4240: 3578: 3203: 2715: 2702: 1184: 1057: 945: 759: 682: 671: 527: 431: 377: 314: 196: 128: 44: 2004:

and took up station in the James River supporting Grant's siege of Richmond.

5483: 5460: 5450: 5445: 4982: 4924: 4836: 4811: 4724: 4704: 4503: 4401: 980:

and ammunition. Five Parrotts massed fire of percussion shells on the fort.

918: 894: 645: 381: 310: 298: 119: 4255: 3293: 3273: 1266: 1039: 937: 831: 689:. The coaling station could then serve as a base for the expedition. The 576:

center, Fort Pulaski on Cockspur Island at river's mouth. North shore of

557: 450:, South Carolina, just north along the Atlantic Coast from Fort Pulaski. 447: 443: 171: 43:

Fort Pulaski under fire on April 10–11, 1862 from the Union's innovative

2639:

Jones, Jacqueline. "Saving Savannah: The City and the Civil War" (2009)

2496: 1822:

Edited by Frances H. Kennedy. Goughton Mifflin Company, New York, 1998.

851:

like that used by C.S. Navy armed with one swivel-mounted gun at the bow

5638: 4513: 4275: 3476: 3471: 2561:

The history, civil, political and military of the Southern Rebellion...

2264:

Gillmore, Q. A., Op.Cit, 1862, Appendix Tables of battery and gun fire.

1958:

The history, civil, political and military of the Southern Rebellion...

400: 1183:

kept clean. The 13-inch mortars had little effect. The new 30-pounder

953:

was to fire solid shot and breach the same area as Battery McClellan.

5787:

Military operations of the American Civil War in Georgia (U.S. state)

4902: 3085: 2584:

Gillmore, Quincy A. "The Siege and Reduction of Fort Pulaski" (1863)

2458:. Floating gun battery off Old Fort Jackson. Army Corps of Engineers. 1074: 950: 879: 693:

harbor answered the immediate requirement for a nearby staging area.

667: 514: 2418: 2109:

Fort Pulaski – National Monument, Historical Handbook, NPS, Op. Cit.

1467:“The Magazine of American history with notes and queries, Volume 14” 1211: 708: 4907: 1747:

Official Records, Armies, op.cit. Chap. XV. p. 85, January 29, 1862

1203: 993: 536: 482: 439: 2450:, Fort James Jackson, Savannah, Georgia. Coastal Heritage Society. 910:" participated in counter-battery fire with besieging Union guns. 857: 617: 414:

The Third System fort expanded Savannah's defenses downriver from

2539: 2531: 1756:

Official Records, Armies, op.cit. Chap. XV. March 1, 1862. p. 403

1295: 841: 805: 767: 593: 349: 2661:

Bluejackets and Contrabands: African Americans in the Union Navy

1765:

Official Records, Armies, op.cit. Chap. XV. March 3, 1862, p. 34

5705:

List of films and television shows about the American Civil War

1163: 970: 913: 2374:

http://www.navyandmarine.org/ondeck/1862ConfTorpedoService.htm

705:, the Federals began preparations for besieging Fort Pulaski. 1298:

station was established under military command. The ironclad

3427: 940:

cannon (old 42- and 32-pounders, rifled), was to breach the

2289:(Third ed.). McLean, Virginia: CDSG Press. p. 8. 438:

Administration at first did not garrison and defend forts,

426:

was elected president. Following the policy of President

2050:

Swanson, Mark and Robert Holcombe. January 31, 2007, p.30

1784:

Swanson, Mark and Robert Holcombe. January 31, 2007, p.25

1490:

Swanson, Mark and Robert Holcombe. January 31, 2007, p.13

1407:

Swanson, Mark and Robert Holcombe. January 31, 2007, p.30

1384:

April 10–12, 1862. Viewed from northeast, North Channel,

1917:

removed by the evacuating Confederates sometime earlier.

2077:“Official records of the Union and Confederate armies” 1417:

New York Times, 04/20/1862 “Other official documents”.

2759: 2506:, Brunswick, Georgia, active Coast Guard with museum. 2462:

Ironclads and gunboats of the Savannah River Squadron

2438:, Savannah, Georgia, active Coast Guard with museum. 1336:

Pre-war rank. Subsequently promoted to Major General.

1517:. Westminster, MD: Heritage Books, Inc. p. 57. 453: 1984:was converted into a casemate ironclad and renamed 1650:. National Park Civil War Series. Eastern National. 1245:was closed to the Confederacy early, extending the 655:. But when they came up against earthworks such as 589:Federals to get behind Pulaski in a siege attempt. 526:would transfer to Richmond. On November 5, General 251: 2619:1878. Morning News steam printing house, Savannah. 2617:The life and services of Commodore Josiah Tattnall 1362:is a blunted point of a multi-faced fortification. 917:Union bombproof construction like those built on 5753: 5391:Confederate States presidential election of 1861 1875:By Angus Konstam. Sketch with description, p.9. 1820:The Civil War Battlefield Guide: Second Edition. 1593: 1591: 1044:2 32-pounders rifled (64-pounder James rifles) 793:was partially disabled but returned to harbor. 411:, the Polish hero of the American Revolution. 344:. The fort commanded seaward approaches to the 5215:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. 1839: 1837: 1835: 407:of Tennessee. The new fort was named to honor 3101: 2745: 2286:American Seacoast Defenses, A Reference Guide 1883:could not get out, later was converted to an 1061:1 24-pounder rifled (48-pounder James rifle) 670:, five mortars, and a 4.5-inch (114 mm) 305:conducted a 112-day siege, then captured the 237: 2075:, at the time of the April bombardment. See 1818:Brown, David A. "Fort Pulaski: April 1862." 1588: 1294:(1863). To elaborate Savannah's defenses, a 754:to make Savannah was the British steam ship 681:In August 1861, the Union secretary of war, 1832: 3108: 3094: 2752: 2738: 1456:Swanson, M. and Holcombe, R., op.cit. p.30 1410: 1259:Battle of the USS Monitor and CAA Virginia 244: 230: 5767:Union victories of the American Civil War 2775:Georgia Constitutional Convention of 1861 2093: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2079:, Chapter XV, p. 135. Cornell University. 513:Bombproofs of timbers, yard trenched for 3304:Treatment of slaves in the United States 2551:A compendium of the War of the Rebellion 1862:National Park Service battle description 1647:Fort Pulaski and the Defense of Savannah 1643: 1218: 1215:Photograph of the breach at Fort Pulaski 1210: 1202: 1190: 912: 804: 762:and a large consignment of British-made 707: 616: 563: 539:Fort Pulaski through the Federal siege. 403:by a successor of U.S. Secretary of War 5047:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War 3219:South Carolina Declaration of Secession 2549:Dyer, Frederick Henry, compiler, 1979 2331:CSS Atlanta, USS Atlanta. Navy Heritage 2105: 2103: 1978:CSS Atlanta, USS Atlanta. Navy Heritage 1004:Federal siege batteries at Fort Pulaski 592:In January, following Tattnall's three- 5754: 5032:Modern display of the Confederate flag 3115: 2282: 2154: 2152: 2082: 2069:“Battles and leaders of the civil war” 1877:History of the Confederate states navy 1725:again for magnification to read notes. 1630: 1628: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1616: 625:rises behind a Union engineer company. 5250: 4639: 4203: 3426: 3229:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers 3127: 3089: 2733: 2540:Cornell University, Making of America 2532:Cornell University, Making of America 1736:“General Lee Returns to Fort Pulaski” 1512: 289:fought April 10–11, 1862, during the 225: 3068: 2596:“The Naval History of the Civil War” 2100: 1795:“The Naval History of the Civil War” 5386:Committee on the Conduct of the War 5062:United Daughters of the Confederacy 2149: 1613: 1232: 996:guns were disabled and reactivated. 550: 434:of Virginia, the newly inaugurated 283:siege and reduction of Fort Pulaski 13: 5456:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864 5251: 4795:impeachment managers investigation 3174:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry 2510: 1174:Overnight, Du Pont's flagship USS 696: 14: 5803: 4881:Reconstruction military districts 3329:Abolitionism in the United States 3284:Plantations in the American South 3199:Origins of the American Civil War 2761:Georgia in the American Civil War 2476:and roundtable, Savannah, Georgia 2412: 2362:Commander Matthew Fontaine Maury" 1038:2 42-pounders rifled (84-pounder 340:, Georgia, near the mouth of the 5735: 5726: 5725: 4864:Enforcement Act of February 1871 4837:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867 3067: 3058: 3057: 2975:Second Battle of Fort McAllister 2468:Ships of the Sea Maritime Museum 2364:, Maury, Richard Launcelot.1901. 1895:Elliott, op.cit. p.9. They were 1718:(red, center) at the river bend. 1195:Heavy sustained damage scars of 985: 976:Union battery of two 30-pounder 969: 856: 830: 773:On November 26 Tattnall's flag, 701:After building up facilities on 506: 490: 474: 460: 37: 16:Action of the American Civil War 5649:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864 5511:When Johnny Comes Marching Home 5072:Wilmington insurrection of 1898 2812:First Battle of Fort McAllister 2392: 2379: 2367: 2355: 2324: 2303: 2276: 2267: 2258: 2246: 2233: 2224: 2215: 2206: 2197: 2188: 2179: 2170: 2161: 2158:NPS battle description, op.cit. 2125: 2112: 2062: 2053: 2007: 1971: 1950: 1941: 1932: 1920: 1910: 1889: 1866: 1855: 1846: 1812: 1800: 1787: 1768: 1759: 1750: 1741: 1728: 1704: 1692: 1667: 1654: 1637: 1600: 1579: 1569: 1550: 1531: 1506: 1501:General History of Fort Pulaski 1352: 1339: 1330: 897:across Tybee Creek and cut the 253:Operations Against Fort Pulaski 5777:1862 in the American Civil War 4752:Southern Homestead Act of 1866 2337:was converted to the ironclad 1634:Lattimore, Ralston B., op.cit. 1493: 1472: 1459: 1450: 1431: 1422: 1391: 1375: 960: 789:opposition of Federal ships". 481:Southeast parapet, south wall 1: 5167:Ladies' Memorial Associations 4869:Enforcement Act of April 1871 4765:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 4640: 2283:Berhow, Mark A., ed. (2015). 2041:"CSS Georgia: Archival Study" 1644:Schiller, Herbert M. (1997). 1369: 1156:3,400 yd (3,100 m) 1145:3,200 yd (2,900 m) 1134:3,100 yd (2,800 m) 1123:3,045 yd (2,784 m) 1112:2,750 yd (2,510 m) 1101:2,650 yd (2,420 m) 1090:2,400 yd (2,200 m) 1079:1,740 yd (1,590 m) 1065:1,670 yd (1,530 m) 1048:1,650 yd (1,510 m) 1030:1,650 yd (1,510 m) 817: 372:Fort Pulaski was built as a " 367: 5782:1862 in Georgia (U.S. state) 5300:Confederate revolving cannon 5042:Sons of Confederate Veterans 4913:South Carolina riots of 1876 4891:Indian Council at Fort Smith 4842:South Carolina riots of 1876 4807:Knights of the White Camelia 3299:Slavery in the United States 2822:Battle of Davis' Cross Roads 2387:Railroads of the Confederacy 1929:, excerpts. Sullivan, David. 1316:from late 1862 through 1864. 1227: 501:held Union to night movement 47:cannon and percussion shells 7: 5654:New York City riots of 1863 5479:Battle Hymn of the Republic 5230:United Confederate Veterans 5067:Children of the Confederacy 5057:United Confederate Veterans 5052:Southern Historical Society 4204: 3684:Price's Missouri Expedition 3154:Timeline leading to the War 3128: 2998:Special Field Orders No. 15 2938:Battle of Lovejoy's Station 2898:Battle of Kennesaw Mountain 2474:The Historic Railroad Shops 2254:“Significance of the Siege” 2132:CSS Georgia: Archival Study 1879:, Scharf, J. Thomas, 1887. 1775:CSS Georgia: Archival Study 1481:CSS Georgia: Archival Study 1438:CSS Georgia: Archival Study 1398:CSS Georgia: Archival Study 1153:3 seacoast 13-inch mortars 1142:3 seacoast 13-inch mortars 1131:3 heavy 10-inch columbiads 1098:3 seacoast 13-inch mortars 1087:2 seacoast 13-inch mortars 336:Fort Pulaski is located on 10: 5808: 5622:Confederate Secret Service 5210:Grand Army of the Republic 5102:Grand Army of the Republic 4920:Southern Claims Commission 2960:Sherman's March to the Sea 2853:Battle of Rocky Face Ridge 2436:Tybee Island light station 1120:3 heavy 8-inch columbiads 1109:1 seacoast 13-inch mortar 155:15 warships, 36 transports 5721: 5697: 5610:Confederate States dollar 5582: 5524: 5469: 5421:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863 5416:Emancipation Proclamation 5378: 5310:Medal of Honor recipients 5267: 5263: 5246: 5198:Confederate Memorial Hall 5180: 5159: 5117: 5089: 5080: 5000:Confederate Memorial Hall 4973:Confederate History Month 4953:Civil War Discovery Trail 4933: 4854:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 4685: 4660:Reconstruction Amendments 4650: 4646: 4635: 4557: 4426: 4419: 4359: 4223: 4216: 4212: 4199: 4141: 3888: 3881: 3712: 3568: 3527: 3495: 3462: 3455: 3451: 3422: 3319: 3269:Emancipation Proclamation 3237: 3138: 3134: 3123: 3053: 3037: 3016: 2990: 2980:Battle of Altamaha Bridge 2970:Battle of Buck Head Creek 2908:Battle of Peachtree Creek 2873:Battle of New Hope Church 2835: 2804: 2783: 2767: 2659:Tomblin, Barbara Brooks. 2221:Victor, op. cit., p. 107. 1992:was met by U.S. monitors 1873:Blockade Runner 1861–1865 1685:, and March 3 to General 1677:, January 29, to General 1660:*Jones, Charles C., Jr., 1513:Pryor, Dayton E. (2009). 430:and his Secretary of War 259: 203: 179:Dept. of SC, Ga., Florida 142: 109: 90: 51: 36: 28: 23: 5684:U.S. Sanitary Commission 5595:Battlefield preservation 5501:Marching Through Georgia 5426:Hampton Roads Conference 5401:Confiscation Act of 1862 5396:Confiscation Act of 1861 5172:U.S. national cemeteries 4978:Confederate Memorial Day 4963:Civil War Trails Program 4832:New Orleans riot of 1866 2883:Battle of Pickett's Mill 2622:Jones, Charles C., Jr., 2615:Jones, Charles C., Jr. 2559:Victor, Orville James., 2319:Bombardment of Cherbourg 2203:Gillmore, Q.A. pp.29-32 1956:Victor, Orville James., 1927:Marines in the Civil War 1323: 1056:5 4.2-inch (30-pounder) 1027:4 10-inch siege mortars 800: 214:Several mortally wounded 184:3 warships, 2 transports 5772:Chatham County, Georgia 5605:Confederate war finance 5225:Southern Cross of Honor 5193:1938 Gettysburg reunion 5188:1913 Gettysburg reunion 4886:Reconstruction Treaties 4859:Enforcement Act of 1870 4742:Freedman's Savings Bank 3359:Lane Debates on Slavery 3184:Lincoln–Douglas debates 2965:Battle of Griswoldville 2955:Second Battle of Tilton 2933:Second Battle of Dalton 2576:Memoirs and biographies 2497:St. Simons Island Light 2185:Victor, op.cit., p.106. 1710:1855 navigation chart. 1606:Lattimore, Ralston B., 1499:National Park Service. 1419:Fort Pulaski surrender. 1382:Fort Pulaski under fire 1347:Battle of Hampton Roads 1073:3 10-inch and 1 8-inch 866:, Confederate Commodore 764:Enfield infantry rifles 729:Tybee Island Lighthouse 722:ran the Union Blockade. 687:South Atlantic Squadron 568:1855 navigation chart. 524:Alexander Robert Lawton 454:"Department of Georgia" 321:operations under fire. 193:48 guns of all calibers 164:36 guns of all calibers 162:10,000 officers and men 153:South Atlantic Squadron 150:Department of the South 69:Chatham County, Georgia 5664:Richmond riots of 1863 5590:Baltimore riot of 1861 5370:U.S. Military Railroad 5290:Confederate Home Guard 5022:Historiographic issues 4988:Historical reenactment 3487:Revenue Cutter Service 3354:William Lloyd Garrison 3263:Dred Scott v. Sandford 2943:Battle of Jonesborough 2923:Battle of Brown's Mill 2903:Battle of Pace's Ferry 2863:First Battle of Tilton 2843:First Battle of Dalton 2827:Battle of Ringgold Gap 2791:Great Locomotive Chase 2230:Victor, op. cit. p.108 2212:Gillmore, Q.A. pp. 32 2097:Victor, op. cit. p.106 1852:Elliott, 2008, p. 153. 1538:Official Records, Army 1224: 1216: 1208: 1200: 921: 810: 723: 626: 584:Lee brought Commodore 581: 356:, South Carolina, lay 287:battle of Fort Pulaski 159:Tybee Island besiegers 110:Commanders and leaders 24:Battle of Fort Pulaski 5629:Great Revival of 1863 5506:Maryland, My Maryland 5295:Confederate railroads 4958:Civil War Roundtables 4827:Meridian riot of 1871 4822:Memphis riots of 1866 3379:George Luther Stearns 3364:Elijah Parish Lovejoy 3257:Crittenden Compromise 2918:Battle of Ezra Church 2893:Battle of Kolb's Farm 2868:Battle of Adairsville 2817:Battle of Chickamauga 2796:Siege of Fort Pulaski 2716:32.02729°N 80.89096°W 2430:Cockspur Island Light 2423:NPS Suggested reading 2194:Gillmore, Q.A. pp.28 1681:, March 1 to General 1222: 1214: 1206: 1197:Union siege artillery 1194: 916: 808: 745:Quincy Adams Gillmore 711: 691:capture of Port Royal 620: 567: 545:Joseph Gilbert Totten 285:) concluded with the 279:siege of Fort Pulaski 204:Casualties and losses 188:Fort Pulaski garrison 5516:Daar kom die Alibama 5431:National Union Party 5107:memorials to Lincoln 5027:Lost Cause mythology 4732:Eufaula riot of 1874 4720:Confederate refugees 3933:District of Columbia 3560:Union naval blockade 3406:Underground Railroad 3194:Nullification crisis 3003:Battle of West Point 2928:Battle of Utoy Creek 2663:, 2009. U of Ky Pr. 1947:Elliott, op.cit.p.10 1503:. Viewed 11/10/2011. 629:Savannah's existing 572:mapped left in red, 191:385 officers and men 182:Savannah River Sqdrn 5674:Supreme Court cases 5441:Radical Republicans 5220:Old soldiers' homes 5204:Confederate Veteran 5130:artworks in Capitol 4849:Reconstruction acts 4710:Colfax riot of 1873 3674:Richmond-Petersburg 3279:Fugitive slave laws 3209:Popular sovereignty 3189:Missouri Compromise 3179:Kansas-Nebraska Act 2950:Battle of Allatoona 2721:32.02729; -80.89096 2712: / 2690:Erickson, Ansley. " 2611:Confederate States 2350:Siege of Petersburg 2348:supporting Grant's 1807:“Fort McAllister I” 1314:besieged Charleston 864:Josiah Tattnall III 733:Christopher Rodgers 664:Charles H. Olmstead 444:U.S. Treasury Mints 392:of South Carolina. 386:William H. Crawford 137:Charles H. Olmstead 133:Josiah Tattnall III 5495:A Lincoln Portrait 5436:Politicians killed 5360:U.S. Balloon Corps 5355:Union corps badges 5135:memorials to Davis 5005:Disenfranchisement 4876:Reconstruction era 4757:Timber Culture Act 4715:Compromise of 1877 3679:Franklin–Nashville 3349:Frederick Douglass 3252:Cornerstone Speech 3169:Compromise of 1850 3117:American Civil War 3008:Battle of Columbus 2888:Battle of Marietta 2594:Porter, David D., 2502:2013-06-15 at the 2487:2002-06-03 at the 2448:“Old Fort Jackson” 2385:Black, Robert C. 2137:2011-09-29 at the 2046:2011-09-29 at the 1793:Porter, David D., 1780:2011-09-29 at the 1716:"Old Fort Jackson" 1714:(red, left edge). 1562:2011-10-01 at the 1543:2014-11-28 at the 1486:2011-09-29 at the 1443:2011-09-29 at the 1403:2011-09-29 at the 1251:marched to the sea 1225: 1217: 1209: 1201: 1035:Battery McClellan 922: 811: 780:, in company with 724: 703:Hilton Head Island 627: 582: 574:"Old Fort Jackson" 416:"Old" Fort Jackson 362:lighthouse station 354:Hilton Head Island 333:, South Carolina. 291:American Civil War 124:Quincy A. Gillmore 31:American Civil War 5792:April 1862 events 5749: 5748: 5717: 5716: 5713: 5712: 5547:Italian Americans 5532:African Americans 5489:John Brown's Body 5242: 5241: 5238: 5237: 5155: 5154: 4993:Robert E. Lee Day 4737:Freedmen's Bureau 4700:Brooks–Baxter War 4631: 4630: 4627: 4626: 4623: 4622: 4415: 4414: 4195: 4194: 4191: 4190: 4187: 4186: 3604:Northern Virginia 3550:Trans-Mississippi 3523: 3522: 3418: 3417: 3414: 3413: 3310:Uncle Tom's Cabin 3247:African Americans 3083: 3082: 2913:Battle of Atlanta 2669:978-0-8131-2554-1 2655:978-0-942597-86-8 2606:978-0-8139-2332-1 2569:978-1-149-22724-4 2521:Gillmore, Q. A., 2296:978-0-9748167-3-9 2239:Gillmore, Q. A., 1966:978-1-149-22724-4 1675:Judah P. Benjamin 1524:978-0-7884-2007-8 1160: 1159: 1106:Battery Burnside 642:Thomas W. Sherman 638:Samuel F. Du Pont 272: 271: 220: 219: 104:CSA (Confederacy) 86: 85: 59:April 10–11, 1862 5799: 5739: 5729: 5728: 5552:Native Americans 5537:German Americans 5330:Partisan rangers 5325:Official Records 5265: 5264: 5248: 5247: 5140:memorials to Lee 5087: 5086: 4648: 4647: 4637: 4636: 4424: 4423: 4221: 4220: 4214: 4213: 4201: 4200: 4174:Washington, D.C. 3968:Indian Territory 3928:Dakota Territory 3886: 3885: 3803:Chancellorsville 3594:Jackson's Valley 3584:Blockade runners 3460: 3459: 3453: 3452: 3424: 3423: 3384:Thaddeus Stevens 3374:Lysander Spooner 3334:Susan B. Anthony 3136: 3135: 3125: 3124: 3110: 3103: 3096: 3087: 3086: 3071: 3070: 3061: 3060: 2878:Battle of Dallas 2858:Battle of Resaca 2848:Atlanta campaign 2754: 2747: 2740: 2731: 2730: 2727: 2726: 2724: 2723: 2722: 2717: 2713: 2710: 2709: 2708: 2705: 2440:Third Lighthouse 2407: 2396: 2390: 2383: 2377: 2371: 2365: 2359: 2353: 2328: 2322: 2307: 2301: 2300: 2280: 2274: 2271: 2265: 2262: 2256: 2250: 2244: 2237: 2231: 2228: 2222: 2219: 2213: 2210: 2204: 2201: 2195: 2192: 2186: 2183: 2177: 2174: 2168: 2165: 2159: 2156: 2147: 2129: 2123: 2116: 2110: 2107: 2098: 2095: 2080: 2066: 2060: 2057: 2051: 2011: 2005: 1975: 1969: 1954: 1948: 1945: 1939: 1936: 1930: 1924: 1918: 1914: 1908: 1893: 1887: 1870: 1864: 1859: 1853: 1850: 1844: 1841: 1830: 1816: 1810: 1804: 1798: 1791: 1785: 1772: 1766: 1763: 1757: 1754: 1748: 1745: 1739: 1732: 1726: 1712:City of Savannah 1708: 1702: 1696: 1690: 1687:Alexander Lawton 1683:James H. Trapier 1671: 1665: 1658: 1652: 1651: 1641: 1635: 1632: 1611: 1604: 1598: 1597:Elliott, op.cit. 1595: 1586: 1583: 1577: 1573: 1567: 1554: 1548: 1535: 1529: 1528: 1510: 1504: 1497: 1491: 1476: 1470: 1463: 1457: 1454: 1448: 1435: 1429: 1426: 1420: 1414: 1408: 1395: 1389: 1379: 1363: 1356: 1350: 1343: 1337: 1334: 1278:armored warships 1233:Military fallout 1150:Battery Stanton 1117:Battery Lincoln 1095:Battery Sherman 1084:Battery Halleck 1008: 1007: 989: 973: 860: 834: 570:City of Savannah 551:Defense in depth 510: 494: 478: 464: 388:of Georgia, and 346:City of Savannah 303:naval operations 254: 246: 239: 232: 223: 222: 116:Samuel F. DuPont 53: 52: 41: 21: 20: 5807: 5806: 5802: 5801: 5800: 5798: 5797: 5796: 5752: 5751: 5750: 5745: 5709: 5693: 5578: 5542:Irish Americans 5520: 5465: 5374: 5365:U.S. Home Guard 5305:Field artillery 5259: 5258: 5234: 5176: 5151: 5113: 5082: 5076: 4968:Civil War Trust 4935: 4929: 4817:Ethnic violence 4802:Kirk–Holden war 4681: 4642: 4619: 4553: 4411: 4355: 4208: 4183: 4137: 3890: 3877: 3708: 3689:Sherman's March 3669:Bermuda Hundred 3564: 3519: 3491: 3447: 3446: 3410: 3369:J. Sella Martin 3339:James G. Birney 3315: 3233: 3159:Bleeding Kansas 3147: 3130: 3119: 3114: 3084: 3079: 3049: 3033: 3012: 2986: 2831: 2800: 2779: 2763: 2758: 2720: 2718: 2714: 2711: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2698: 2692:War for Freedom 2526: 2513: 2511:Further reading 2504:Wayback Machine 2489:Wayback Machine 2482:Fort McAllister 2415: 2410: 2397: 2393: 2384: 2380: 2372: 2368: 2360: 2356: 2329: 2325: 2308: 2304: 2297: 2281: 2277: 2272: 2268: 2263: 2259: 2251: 2247: 2238: 2234: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2216: 2211: 2207: 2202: 2198: 2193: 2189: 2184: 2180: 2175: 2171: 2166: 2162: 2157: 2150: 2139:Wayback Machine 2130: 2126: 2120:“Perry’s Saints 2117: 2113: 2108: 2101: 2096: 2083: 2067: 2063: 2058: 2054: 2048:Wayback Machine 2012: 2008: 1976: 1972: 1955: 1951: 1946: 1942: 1938:Elliot, op.cit. 1937: 1933: 1925: 1921: 1915: 1911: 1894: 1890: 1871: 1867: 1860: 1856: 1851: 1847: 1842: 1833: 1817: 1813: 1805: 1801: 1792: 1788: 1782:Wayback Machine 1773: 1769: 1764: 1760: 1755: 1751: 1746: 1742: 1733: 1729: 1719: 1709: 1705: 1697: 1693: 1672: 1668: 1659: 1655: 1642: 1638: 1633: 1614: 1605: 1601: 1596: 1589: 1584: 1580: 1574: 1570: 1564:Wayback Machine 1555: 1551: 1545:Wayback Machine 1536: 1532: 1525: 1511: 1507: 1498: 1494: 1488:Wayback Machine 1477: 1473: 1464: 1460: 1455: 1451: 1445:Wayback Machine 1436: 1432: 1428:Gillmore, p. 62 1427: 1423: 1415: 1411: 1405:Wayback Machine 1396: 1392: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1367: 1366: 1357: 1353: 1344: 1340: 1335: 1331: 1326: 1280:with ironclads 1257:as much as the 1255:coastal defense 1235: 1230: 1199:at Fort Pulaski 1024:Battery Totten 1001: 1000: 999: 998: 997: 990: 982: 981: 974: 963: 871: 870: 869: 868: 867: 861: 853: 852: 835: 820: 803: 752:blockade runner 714:blockade runner 699: 697:Federal advance 657:Fort McAllister 607:Fort McAllister 586:Josiah Tattnall 580:at lower right. 553: 517: 511: 502: 497:8-in. gun as a 495: 486: 479: 470: 465: 456: 424:Abraham Lincoln 409:Casimir Pulaski 390:John C. Calhoun 370: 338:Cockspur Island 275: 274: 273: 268: 255: 252: 250: 215: 211:Several wounded 210: 194: 192: 190: 185: 183: 181: 165: 163: 161: 156: 154: 152: 135: 131: 122: 118: 96:United States ( 71: 42: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5805: 5795: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5747: 5746: 5744: 5743: 5733: 5722: 5719: 5718: 5715: 5714: 5711: 5710: 5708: 5707: 5701: 5699: 5695: 5694: 5692: 5691: 5689:Women soldiers 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5644:Naming the war 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5625: 5624: 5614: 5613: 5612: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5586: 5584: 5580: 5579: 5577: 5576: 5575: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5528: 5526: 5522: 5521: 5519: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5475: 5473: 5467: 5466: 5464: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5382: 5380: 5376: 5375: 5373: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5280:Campaign Medal 5277: 5271: 5269: 5261: 5260: 5257: 5256: 5255:Related topics 5252: 5244: 5243: 5240: 5239: 5236: 5235: 5233: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5184: 5182: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5174: 5169: 5163: 5161: 5157: 5156: 5153: 5152: 5150: 5149: 5144: 5143: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5121: 5119: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5111: 5110: 5109: 5104: 5093: 5091: 5084: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5018: 5017: 5012: 5002: 4997: 4996: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4983:Decoration Day 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4939: 4937: 4936:Reconstruction 4931: 4930: 4928: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4916: 4915: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4894: 4893: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4872: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4846: 4845: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4798: 4797: 4792: 4790:second inquiry 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4762: 4761: 4760: 4754: 4747:Homestead Acts 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4728: 4727: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4695:Alabama Claims 4691: 4689: 4687:Reconstruction 4683: 4682: 4680: 4679: 4678: 4677: 4675:15th Amendment 4672: 4670:14th Amendment 4667: 4665:13th Amendment 4656: 4654: 4644: 4643: 4633: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4625: 4624: 4621: 4620: 4618: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4561: 4559: 4555: 4554: 4552: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4430: 4428: 4421: 4417: 4416: 4413: 4412: 4410: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4363: 4361: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4296:J. E. Johnston 4293: 4291:A. S. Johnston 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4231:R. H. Anderson 4227: 4225: 4218: 4210: 4209: 4197: 4196: 4193: 4192: 4189: 4188: 4185: 4184: 4182: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4145: 4143: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4093:South Carolina 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4068:North Carolina 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3894: 3892: 3883: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3793:Fredericksburg 3790: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3733:Wilson's Creek 3730: 3725: 3719: 3717: 3710: 3709: 3707: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3575: 3573: 3566: 3565: 3563: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3545:Lower Seaboard 3542: 3537: 3531: 3529: 3525: 3524: 3521: 3520: 3518: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3501: 3499: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3468: 3466: 3457: 3449: 3448: 3445: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3432: 3428: 3420: 3419: 3416: 3415: 3412: 3411: 3409: 3408: 3403: 3401:Harriet Tubman 3398: 3397: 3396: 3389:Charles Sumner 3386: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3325: 3323: 3317: 3316: 3314: 3313: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3243: 3241: 3235: 3234: 3232: 3231: 3226: 3224:States' rights 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3145: 3139: 3132: 3131: 3121: 3120: 3113: 3112: 3105: 3098: 3090: 3081: 3080: 3078: 3077: 3065: 3054: 3051: 3050: 3048: 3047: 3041: 3039: 3035: 3034: 3032: 3031: 3026: 3020: 3018: 3014: 3013: 3011: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2994: 2992: 2988: 2987: 2985: 2984: 2983: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2946: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2845: 2839: 2837: 2833: 2832: 2830: 2829: 2824: 2819: 2814: 2808: 2806: 2802: 2801: 2799: 2798: 2793: 2787: 2785: 2781: 2780: 2778: 2777: 2771: 2769: 2765: 2764: 2757: 2756: 2749: 2742: 2734: 2696: 2695: 2682: 2681: 2671: 2657: 2647: 2631: 2630: 2627: 2620: 2609: 2608: 2598: 2592: 2580:United States 2573: 2572: 2557: 2554: 2547: 2543: 2535: 2528: 2512: 2509: 2508: 2507: 2493: 2492: 2478: 2477: 2471: 2465: 2459: 2452: 2451: 2444: 2443: 2433: 2426: 2425: 2414: 2413:External links 2411: 2409: 2408: 2391: 2378: 2366: 2354: 2323: 2302: 2295: 2275: 2266: 2257: 2245: 2232: 2223: 2214: 2205: 2196: 2187: 2178: 2169: 2160: 2148: 2124: 2111: 2099: 2081: 2061: 2052: 2024:CSS Lady Davis 2006: 1970: 1949: 1940: 1931: 1919: 1909: 1905:USS Pocahontas 1888: 1865: 1854: 1845: 1831: 1811: 1799: 1786: 1767: 1758: 1749: 1740: 1727: 1703: 1691: 1666: 1653: 1636: 1612: 1599: 1587: 1578: 1568: 1549: 1530: 1523: 1505: 1492: 1471: 1458: 1449: 1430: 1421: 1409: 1390: 1386:Savannah River 1373: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1364: 1351: 1338: 1328: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1318: 1317: 1263: 1262: 1247:Union blockade 1241:: The port of 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1158: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1147: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1139:Battery Grant 1136: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1125: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1114: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1103: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1092: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1081: 1080: 1077: 1071: 1070:Battery Scott 1067: 1066: 1063: 1058:Parrott rifles 1054: 1053:Battery Sigel 1050: 1049: 1046: 1036: 1032: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1021: 1020: 1014: 1011: 991: 984: 983: 978:Parrott Rifles 975: 968: 967: 966: 965: 964: 962: 959: 862: 855: 854: 836: 829: 828: 827: 826: 825: 819: 816: 802: 799: 777:"Old" Savannah 760:Blakely rifles 741:Martello tower 698: 695: 552: 549: 519: 518: 512: 505: 503: 496: 489: 487: 480: 473: 471: 466: 459: 455: 452: 428:James Buchanan 369: 366: 342:Savannah River 270: 269: 267: 266: 260: 257: 256: 249: 248: 241: 234: 226: 218: 217: 212: 206: 205: 201: 200: 199:rifled cannons 175: 145: 144: 143:Units involved 140: 139: 126: 112: 111: 107: 106: 101: 93: 92: 88: 87: 84: 83: 77: 73: 72: 67: 65: 61: 60: 57: 49: 48: 34: 33: 26: 25: 19: 18: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5804: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5759: 5757: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5732: 5724: 5723: 5720: 5706: 5703: 5702: 5700: 5696: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5659:Photographers 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5634:Gender issues 5632: 5630: 5627: 5623: 5620: 5619: 5618: 5615: 5611: 5608: 5607: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5587: 5585: 5581: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5554: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5523: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5496: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5476: 5474: 5472: 5468: 5462: 5461:War Democrats 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5451:Union Leagues 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5377: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5350:Turning point 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5320:Naval battles 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5254: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5205: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5185: 5183: 5179: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5164: 5162: 5158: 5148: 5145: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5127: 5126: 5123: 5122: 5120: 5116: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5099: 5098: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5088: 5085: 5083:and memorials 5079: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5007: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4945: 4944: 4943:Commemoration 4941: 4940: 4938: 4932: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4914: 4911: 4910: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4892: 4889: 4888: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4851: 4850: 4847: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4819: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4785:first inquiry 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4767: 4766: 4763: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4749: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4726: 4723: 4722: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4705:Carpetbaggers 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4684: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4662: 4661: 4658: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4638: 4634: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4556: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4431: 4429: 4425: 4422: 4418: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4358: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4222: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4202: 4198: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4146: 4144: 4140: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4128:West Virginia 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4048:New Hampshire 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4008:Massachusetts 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3895: 3893: 3887: 3884: 3880: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3748:Hampton Roads 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3738:Fort Donelson 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3711: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3634:Morgan's Raid 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3579:Anaconda Plan 3577: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3567: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3555:Pacific Coast 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3532: 3530: 3526: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3494: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3461: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3395: 3392: 3391: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3318: 3312: 3311: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3289:Positive good 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3264: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3236: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3204:Panic of 1857 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3164:Border states 3162: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3151: 3149: 3144: 3141: 3140: 3137: 3133: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3111: 3106: 3104: 3099: 3097: 3092: 3091: 3088: 3076: 3075: 3066: 3064: 3056: 3055: 3052: 3046: 3043: 3042: 3040: 3036: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3021: 3019: 3015: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2995: 2993: 2989: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2962: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2850: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2834: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2809: 2807: 2803: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2788: 2786: 2782: 2776: 2773: 2772: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2755: 2750: 2748: 2743: 2741: 2736: 2735: 2732: 2728: 2725: 2693: 2689: 2688: 2687: 2686: 2680: 2679:1-57806-462-7 2676: 2672: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2646: 2645:1-4000-4293-3 2642: 2638: 2637: 2636: 2635: 2628: 2625: 2621: 2618: 2614: 2613: 2612: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2597: 2593: 2591: 2590:0-939631-07-5 2587: 2583: 2582: 2581: 2578: 2577: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2555: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2541: 2536: 2533: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2519: 2518: 2517: 2505: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2479: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2453: 2449: 2446: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2427: 2424: 2420: 2417: 2416: 2406:. p. 156-177. 2405: 2404:0-306-80367-4 2401: 2395: 2388: 2382: 2375: 2370: 2363: 2358: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2342: 2336: 2332: 2327: 2320: 2316: 2315:0-306-80367-4 2312: 2306: 2298: 2292: 2288: 2287: 2279: 2270: 2261: 2255: 2249: 2242: 2236: 2227: 2218: 2209: 2200: 2191: 2182: 2173: 2164: 2155: 2153: 2146: 2145: 2140: 2136: 2133: 2128: 2121: 2115: 2106: 2104: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2065: 2056: 2049: 2045: 2042: 2038: 2037: 2032: 2031: 2026: 2025: 2020: 2016: 2010: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1974: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1953: 1944: 1935: 1928: 1923: 1913: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1892: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1869: 1863: 1858: 1849: 1840: 1838: 1836: 1829: 1828:0-395-74012-6 1825: 1821: 1815: 1808: 1803: 1796: 1790: 1783: 1779: 1776: 1771: 1762: 1753: 1744: 1737: 1731: 1723: 1717: 1713: 1707: 1700: 1695: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1679:Samuel Cooper 1676: 1670: 1663: 1657: 1649: 1648: 1640: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1623: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1609: 1608:“Fort Pulaski 1603: 1594: 1592: 1582: 1572: 1565: 1561: 1558: 1553: 1546: 1542: 1539: 1534: 1526: 1520: 1516: 1509: 1502: 1496: 1489: 1485: 1482: 1475: 1468: 1462: 1453: 1446: 1442: 1439: 1434: 1425: 1418: 1413: 1406: 1402: 1399: 1394: 1387: 1383: 1378: 1374: 1361: 1355: 1348: 1342: 1333: 1329: 1321: 1315: 1311: 1310: 1304: 1303: 1297: 1293: 1292: 1286: 1285: 1279: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1270: 1268: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1237: 1236: 1221: 1213: 1205: 1198: 1193: 1189: 1186: 1185:Parrott Rifle 1180: 1177: 1172: 1168: 1165: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1137: 1133: 1130: 1128:Battery Lyon 1127: 1126: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1104: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1093: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1082: 1078: 1076: 1072: 1069: 1068: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1034: 1033: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1019: 1018:Fort Pulaski 1015: 1012: 1010: 1009: 1006: 1005: 995: 988: 979: 972: 958: 954: 952: 947: 943: 939: 934: 930: 926: 920: 915: 911: 909: 903: 900: 896: 890: 888: 884: 881: 875: 865: 859: 850: 849: 843: 840: 833: 824: 815: 807: 798: 796: 792: 791:"Old Savannah 787: 783: 779: 778: 771: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 748: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 721: 720: 715: 710: 706: 704: 694: 692: 688: 684: 683:Simon Cameron 679: 675: 673: 672:Blakely rifle 669: 665: 660: 658: 654: 649: 647: 643: 639: 636: 632: 624: 621:Rebel-burned 619: 615: 612: 608: 602: 598: 595: 590: 587: 579: 575: 571: 566: 562: 559: 548: 546: 540: 538: 532: 529: 528:Robert E. Lee 525: 516: 509: 504: 500: 493: 488: 484: 477: 472: 469: 463: 458: 457: 451: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 432:John B. Floyd 429: 425: 421: 420:Second System 417: 412: 410: 406: 402: 398: 393: 391: 387: 384:of Virginia, 383: 379: 378:James Madison 375: 365: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 334: 332: 329:to blockaded 327: 322: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 265: 262: 261: 258: 247: 242: 240: 235: 233: 228: 227: 224: 213: 208: 207: 202: 198: 189: 186: 180: 176: 173: 169: 160: 157: 151: 147: 146: 141: 138: 134: 130: 129:Robert E. Lee 127: 125: 121: 117: 114: 113: 108: 105: 102: 99: 95: 94: 89: 81: 78: 75: 74: 70: 66: 63: 62: 58: 55: 54: 50: 46: 45:Parrott rifle 40: 35: 32: 27: 22: 5600:Bibliography 5583:Other topics 5525:By ethnicity 5493: 5446:Trent Affair 5345:Signal Corps 5202: 4925:White League 4812:Ku Klux Klan 4725:Confederados 4652:Constitution 4524:D. D. Porter 4377:Breckinridge 4088:Rhode Island 4083:Pennsylvania 3838:Spotsylvania 3798:Stones River 3778:2nd Bull Run 3728:1st Bull Run 3614:Stones River 3515:Marine Corps 3482:Marine Corps 3321:Abolitionism 3308: 3261: 3073: 2795: 2697: 2684: 2683: 2633: 2632: 2610: 2579: 2575: 2574: 2515: 2514: 2419:Fort Pulaski 2394: 2386: 2381: 2369: 2357: 2345: 2340: 2334: 2326: 2305: 2285: 2278: 2269: 2260: 2248: 2235: 2226: 2217: 2208: 2199: 2190: 2181: 2172: 2163: 2144:CSS Savannah 2143: 2127: 2114: 2073:David Butler 2064: 2055: 2035: 2029: 2023: 2015:CSS Savannah 2009: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1973: 1952: 1943: 1934: 1922: 1912: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1891: 1880: 1868: 1857: 1848: 1819: 1814: 1802: 1789: 1770: 1761: 1752: 1743: 1730: 1722:Tybee Island 1706: 1694: 1669: 1656: 1646: 1639: 1602: 1581: 1571: 1552: 1533: 1514: 1508: 1495: 1474: 1461: 1452: 1433: 1424: 1412: 1393: 1381: 1377: 1359: 1354: 1341: 1332: 1319: 1308: 1301: 1290: 1283: 1273: 1264: 1238: 1181: 1175: 1173: 1169: 1161: 1060: 1043: 1040:James rifles 1017: 1003: 1002: 955: 941: 938:James rifled 935: 931: 927: 923: 919:Tybee Island 907: 904: 891: 886: 882: 876: 872: 847: 821: 812: 794: 790: 785: 781: 776: 772: 755: 749: 736: 725: 717: 700: 680: 676: 661: 650: 646:David Hunter 635:Flag Officer 631:Fort Jackson 628: 603: 599: 591: 583: 578:Tybee Island 554: 541: 533: 520: 468:Fort Pulaski 413: 394: 382:James Monroe 374:Third System 371: 358:Tybee Island 335: 323: 311:Fort Pulaski 299:Tybee Island 286: 282: 278: 276: 264:Fort Pulaski 216:363 captured 187: 178: 177: 158: 149: 148: 120:David Hunter 91:Belligerents 29:Part of the 5406:Copperheads 5118:Confederate 5010:Black Codes 4336:E. K. Smith 4217:Confederate 4164:New Orleans 4159:Chattanooga 4023:Mississippi 3923:Connecticut 3891:territories 3882:Involvement 3843:Cold Harbor 3833:Fort Pillow 3823:Chattanooga 3818:Chickamauga 3768:Seven Pines 3758:New Orleans 3723:Fort Sumter 3664:Valley 1864 3497:Confederacy 3294:Slave Power 3274:Fire-Eaters 3024:Confederate 2719: / 2456:CSS Georgia 2019:CSS Sampson 2002:USS Atlanta 1986:CSS Atlanta 1287:(1862) and 1274:Confederate 1267:Fort Fisher 961:Bombardment 848:Water Witch 839:sidewheeler 558:stone fleet 448:Fort Sumter 315:rifled guns 307:Confederate 5756:Categories 5639:Juneteenth 5160:Cemeteries 5037:Red Shirts 4948:Centennial 4898:Red Shirts 4306:Longstreet 4236:Beauregard 4179:Winchester 4154:Charleston 4123:Washington 4058:New Mexico 4053:New Jersey 3913:California 3889:States and 3873:Five Forks 3858:Mobile Bay 3828:Wilderness 3808:Gettysburg 3788:Perryville 3773:Seven Days 3704:Appomattox 3629:Gettysburg 3589:New Mexico 3456:Combatants 3431:Combatants 3344:John Brown 2707:80°53′27″W 2704:32°01′38″N 2685:Curriculum 2634:Monographs 1901:USS Seneca 1370:References 1075:columbiads 951:columbiads 818:Approaches 712:Like this 668:columbiads 623:Lighthouse 401:John Tyler 397:Washington 368:Background 331:Charleston 319:amphibious 297:forces on 5617:Espionage 5411:Diplomacy 5379:Political 5335:POW camps 5081:Monuments 4908:Scalawags 4903:Redeemers 4641:Aftermath 4590:Pinkerton 4529:Rosecrans 4494:McClellan 4397:Memminger 4133:Wisconsin 4098:Tennessee 4018:Minnesota 3993:Louisiana 3868:Nashville 3813:Vicksburg 3743:Pea Ridge 3694:Carolinas 3649:Red River 3644:Knoxville 3624:Tullahoma 3619:Vicksburg 3599:Peninsula 3571:campaigns 3437:Campaigns 3214:Secession 1998:Weehawken 1300:USS 1228:Aftermath 1016:Range to 1013:Armament 899:telegraph 880:steamboat 750:The last 515:ricochets 405:John Bell 5731:Category 5572:Seminole 5562:Cherokee 5315:Medicine 5268:Military 5181:Veterans 5015:Jim Crow 4780:timeline 4575:Ericsson 4558:Civilian 4539:Sheridan 4499:McDowell 4459:Farragut 4444:Burnside 4434:Anderson 4427:Military 4407:Stephens 4367:Benjamin 4360:Civilian 4246:Buchanan 4224:Military 4169:Richmond 4118:Virginia 4063:New York 4038:Nebraska 4028:Missouri 4013:Michigan 4003:Maryland 3988:Kentucky 3963:Illinois 3938:Delaware 3918:Colorado 3903:Arkansas 3863:Franklin 3783:Antietam 3654:Overland 3609:Maryland 3528:Theaters 3434:Theaters 3063:Category 2516:Archives 2500:Archived 2485:Archived 2135:Archived 2044:Archived 2030:Resolute 1897:USS Flag 1885:Ironclad 1778:Archived 1576:Pulaski. 1560:Archived 1541:Archived 1484:Archived 1441:Archived 1401:Archived 1360:pancoupè 1291:Savannah 1243:Savannah 994:casemate 946:Parrotts 942:pancoupé 908:Savannah 782:Resolute 768:gunboats 653:monitors 537:garrison 483:barbette 440:arsenals 326:blockade 281:(or the 209:1 killed 168:Parrotts 64:Location 5698:Related 5567:Choctaw 5557:Catawba 5340:Rations 5285:Cavalry 5147:Removal 4775:efforts 4759:of 1873 4605:Stevens 4600:Stanton 4585:Lincoln 4544:Sherman 4479:Halleck 4469:Frémont 4454:Du Pont 4392:Mallory 4351:Wheeler 4286:Jackson 4266:Forrest 4206:Leaders 4149:Atlanta 4113:Vermont 4033:Montana 3973:Indiana 3948:Georgia 3943:Florida 3908:Arizona 3898:Alabama 3848:Atlanta 3763:Corinth 3715:battles 3659:Atlanta 3639:Bristoe 3540:Western 3535:Eastern 3440:Battles 3239:Slavery 3143:Origins 3129:Origins 3074:Commons 3045:Atlanta 2346:Atlanta 2341:Atlanta 2036:CSS Ida 1990:Atlanta 1738:(1961). 1309:Georgia 1302:Montauk 1296:torpedo 1284:Atlanta 1164:squalls 842:gunboat 795:Sampson 786:Sampson 611:battery 594:gunboat 436:Lincoln 360:with a 350:arsenal 197:Blakely 82:victory 5741:Portal 5679:Tokens 4615:Welles 4595:Seward 4580:Hamlin 4549:Thomas 4484:Hooker 4449:Butler 4402:Seddon 4387:Hunter 4372:Bocock 4346:Taylor 4341:Stuart 4331:Semmes 4311:Morgan 4271:Gorgas 4251:Cooper 4142:Cities 4078:Oregon 4043:Nevada 3983:Kansas 3953:Hawaii 3853:Crater 3753:Shiloh 3713:Major 3699:Mobile 3569:Major 3443:States 3394:Caning 3038:Places 2677: 2667: 2653: 2643: 2604: 2588: 2567: 2402: 2335:Fingal 2313: 2293: 1994:Nahant 1982:Fingal 1964: 1881:Fingal 1826: 1521: 1176:Wabash 844:, the 756:Fingal 735:, USS 719:Fingal 499:mortar 309:-held 174:rifles 76:Result 5484:Dixie 5471:Music 5090:Union 4934:Post- 4770:trial 4570:Chase 4565:Adams 4534:Scott 4509:Meigs 4504:Meade 4474:Grant 4464:Foote 4439:Buell 4420:Union 4382:Davis 4326:Price 4316:Mosby 4261:Ewell 4256:Early 4241:Bragg 4103:Texas 3998:Maine 3958:Idaho 3464:Union 3029:Union 3017:Units 1324:Notes 1239:Union 1162:Rain 992:Fort 801:Siege 418:, a " 295:Union 172:James 98:Union 80:Union 5669:Salt 5275:Arms 5125:List 5097:List 4610:Wade 4519:Pope 4489:Hunt 4321:Polk 4281:Hood 4276:Hill 4108:Utah 4073:Ohio 3978:Iowa 3510:Navy 3505:Army 3477:Navy 3472:Army 2991:1865 2836:1864 2805:1863 2784:1862 2768:1861 2675:ISBN 2665:ISBN 2651:ISBN 2641:ISBN 2602:ISBN 2586:ISBN 2565:ISBN 2546:D.C. 2400:ISBN 2339:CSS 2333:The 2311:ISBN 2291:ISBN 1996:and 1962:ISBN 1903:and 1824:ISBN 1519:ISBN 1307:CSS 1289:CSS 1282:CSS 895:boom 846:CSS 784:and 775:CSS 737:Flag 485:guns 301:and 277:The 170:, 5 56:Date 4514:Ord 4301:Lee 2021:, 887:Ida 883:Ida 442:or 5758:: 2563:. 2151:^ 2102:^ 2084:^ 2039:, 2033:, 2027:, 2017:, 1960:. 1899:, 1834:^ 1615:^ 1590:^ 1358:A 1042:) 837:A 716:, 648:. 293:. 195:2 166:5 3109:e 3102:t 3095:v 2753:e 2746:t 2739:v 2542:. 2534:. 2525:. 2442:. 2352:. 2321:. 2299:. 1907:. 1689:. 1527:. 1349:. 364:. 245:e 238:t 231:v 100:)

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Knowledge

Siege of Fort Pulaski

Index