Siege of Fort Pulaski

576: 2328:. p. 279-284. Admiral David D. Porter assumed command of the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron on 1 October 1864 to assemble fleet (p.278). On December 24–25, at rates of fire at times of 115 shells per minute, 20,000 shells amounting to more than 600 tons, the naval bombardment did little damage, killed three and 61 wounded. General Butler made no attack, but withdrew, resulting in his relief and court-martial. (p. 280-281). In the January bombardment, Porter ranged four ironclads about 700 yards from the fort, with an additional 44 ships' bombardment with specific targets assigned for each ship. While the Confederates were repelling the landing party assault, General A. J. Terry secured two fort guns before his attack was discovered. Porter and Terry conducted the "best coordinated amphibious assault of the war" against the "most formidable position taken". The scholar Admiral Bern Anderson mentions these were the successful naval gunnery tactics used in World War II in battles such as the 487: 50: 917:

resupply sortie, one of the three gunboats was still seriously disabled. Lee reasoned that if Tattnall's plan failed, the city itself would be open to attack. The three-to-seven exchange had not gone well for the defenders of Savannah. A possible two-to-seven match against ships with superior armament did not promise better. No further consideration was given to relief of the fort; in any case, it had perhaps sixteen weeks of provisions left in store. Meanwhile, Federal emplacements continued to improve on Jones and Bird islands, Venus Point and other points along the river. During the Federal bombardment of Fort Pulaski, April 10–11, "Old

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Later Union amphibious operations would employ "contraband" (escaped slave) labor for much of this work. Along the two-and-a-half mile front, their engineers had to construct almost a mile of corduroy road made of bundles of brushwood to keep the guns from sinking into the swamp. While offloading proceeded day and night according to the tides, Confederate bombardment from Fort Pulaski gunners required all Federal movement into the island limited to night time. After a month of work, 36 mortars, heavy guns and rifled cannon were in position.

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laid down, gun emplacements excavated, magazines and bomb-proofs constructed. As the work progressed southwesterly nearing the fort, in the last mile the Union troops came under fire from the fort's gunners. A ranging shot said to be aimed by Colonel Olmstead himself cut a Union soldier in two. The following bombardment from elevated fort guns effected mortar barrages that forced all construction to proceed on Tybee Island by night. Each morning the uncompleted elements of siege construction were camouflaged against the fort's spotters.

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fire proved effective from Parrott and James rifles, and working columbiad guns. There ensued a lull from the fort, but the Confederate gunners re-opened an energetic counter battery duel that required the Parrotts to give up their wall assignment and concentrate on the working Confederate guns until they were re-silenced. By nightfall the wall at the southeast corner had been breached. Under periodic harassing bombardment throughout the hours of darkness, Olmstead's garrison put several guns back into service.

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Wide swampy marshes surrounded the fort on all sides and were infested with native alligators. No attacking ship could safely come within effective range, and land batteries could not be placed closer than Tybee Island, one to two miles away. Beyond 700 yards (640 meters), smoothbore guns and mortars had little chance to break through heavy masonry walls. Beyond 1,000 yards (910 m), they had no chance at all. Prior to the war, the U.S. Chief of Engineers, Colonel

925: 5738: 3070: 5748: 1223: 473: 1215: 3080: 2133:, or the fighting parson's regiment in the War of Rebellion". 1886. the 48th New York State Volunteers regimental history from survivor interviews and soldier journals under the command of Methodist minister, Colonel James H. Perry. This regiment would later garrison Fort Pulaski. One of the earliest photographs of baseball is of this regiment playing in the fort yard. See the NPS website photos. 2705:: African-American Experiences in the Era of the Civil War, a web-based curriculum." National Park Service. Pdf file created 2007. "Best practices" lesson plan, site supports student handouts. Though omitting primary and secondary sources (scan is truncated), generally meets requirements of the US Department of Education "Teaching American History" grant and teacher's National Board Certification. 1331:"Lessons learned" by the Confederates were immediately incorporated into the defenses of Charleston, SC. On his release as a prisoner-of-war, Colonel Olmstead was assigned engineer and gunnery duty there. Repeated Union naval and amphibious assaults between 1862 to 1865 failed. Both Union gunboats and ironclads repeatedly suffered substantial damage and loss by Confederate gunnery and mines. 769:. Its cargo of arms and munitions reached the entrance to Wassaw Sound at the mouth of the Savannah River on a clear night in mid November, but heavy fog in the early morning masked the ship's progress across the bar and upriver. Later, she made two unsuccessful attempts at escaping the blockade before being converted into an ironclad. Pulaski's share on ship's manifest was two 24-pounder 644:, about three miles downriver from the city, was supplemented with two additional batteries. Defenders built fire barges. Lee first placed a battery at Causton's Bluff commanding navigable estuaries leading to the Savannah River behind Fort Pulaski. Then he added another battery situated farther upriver on Elba Island, blocking all river approachs to Savannah. The Union naval commander, 896:. On February 13, it was on a routine run to the fort down the North Channel. The new battery of Federal heavy guns on the north bank opened up for the first time. The old side-wheeler ran for Pulaski and the battery got off nine shots before the guns recoiled off their platforms. Union troops went back to work modifying platform construction and resetting the cannon. Two days later 1178:

Olmstead replied, "I am here to defend the fort, not to surrender it." The bombardment began at 8:00 a.m., concentrating on the fort's southeast corner which suffered greatly. The Confederate gunnery was described by the Federal commander as "efficient and accurate firing ... great precision, not only at our batteries, but even at the individual persons passing between them."

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dispatches as Rebel "firing ... good all the morning, doing some damage". At the same time, the Parrott rifles and Columbiads opened a great gap in the wall, sending shot across the interior of the fort and against the northwest powder magazine containing twenty tons of powder. Regarding his situation as hopeless, Olmstead surrendered the fort at 2:30 p.m. that day.

1480:, 1885 edited by John Austin Stevens, et al. p. 56. Fort 48 guns of all calibers: five 10-inch and nine 8-inch columbiads unchambered, three 42-pounder and twenty 32-pounder guns, two 24-Blakely rifle guns, one 24-pounder iron howitzer, two 12-pounder bronze howitzers, two 12-inch iron mortars, three 10-inch sea-coast mortars, and one 6-pounder bronze field piece. 1280:, the bombardment was diffuse and scattered, without any real damage to the fort made by the many shots aimed at the fort's flagpole. Admiral Porter adopted Gillmore's gunnery tactics for the second attack, assigning targets until they were destroyed. The January 1865 bombardment dismounted 73 of the fort's 75 guns and mostly shot away the fort's palisade. 696:, authorized a combined army and navy expeditionary corps. Sherman commanded the army elements, and Flag Officer Samuel Du Pont commanded the naval services. The objectives were: to recapture Fort Pulaski as federal property; to close the port of Savannah to the rebels; and, to extend the blockade southward. First they needed a coaling station for the 620:. "Every effort must be made" to retard or prevent further progress of the enemy directly upriver on the Savannah River approaches. "If he attempts to advance by batteries on the marshes or islands, he must be driven back, if possible." Scouts were ordered out "so as to discover his first lodgment, when they can be broken up." An additional three-gun 960:

infantry assaults to come later. Battery Totten at a range of 1,650 yards (1,510 m) with four 10-inch siege mortars was assigned to explode shells over the northeast and southeast walls, or at any hidden batteries outside the fort. Battery Scott at 1,740 yards (1,590 m) with its three 10-inch and one 8-inch

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government required a withdrawal from seaboard forces into the interior of South Carolina and Georgia to better secure the breadbasket plantations feeding the armies. In Florida, only the Apalachicola River had to be defended at all costs because Federal gunboats could penetrate so deeply into the Georgia interior.

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pulled by hand through swamp over moveable tram sections, the men working in brackish alligator-infested marsh, sinking in over their waist most of the day. The artillery then had to be placed on board-and-bag platforms to avoid their loss by sinking into the morass. The soldiers rested during the day.

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channel connecting the river to the Union-held Port Royal, and he patrolled the river with Confederate gunboats. The Federals had to clear the obstruction on their most direct supply line first; it required three weeks. A camp and supply depot was established on the next island north, Dawfuskie Island.

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Gillmore reported in his after-action assessment of the siege by his artillery, "Good rifled guns, properly served can breach rapidly" at 1600–2000 yards when they are followed by heavy round shot to knock down loosened masonry. The 84-pounder James is unexcelled in breaching, but its grooves must be

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At the end of February Tattnall laid plans for an amphibious assault on the two advanced batteries at Venus Point and Oakley Island. Lee personally interceded. Preparations at Old Fort Jackson were not completed. Although Tattnall's flagship had been put back into service since the Squadron's January

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line between Savannah and Cockspur Island. Two infantry companies entrenched nearby to ward off Confederate raiding activity and a gunboat was detailed to patrol the channel and support the infantry. By late February 1862, no supplies or reinforcements could get in; the Confederate garrison could not

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a random manner." But the innovative weaponry in the event made his deployed 10,000-man assault force unnecessary. Of the two senior military commanders leading up to the engagement, neither Union general, Sherman, nor Confederate general, Lee believed the fort could be captured by bombardment alone.

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When Federal forces first made a lodgment on Tybee Island, the work on Fort Pulaski was progressing slowly, but Lee's judgment as the district's commanding general was that "the river cannot be forced". Old Fort Jackson had been armed, strengthened and "forms an interior barrier". Savannah's channel

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is due east (lower right). The inset extends the map northeast up the coast towards Charleston, S.C. Map shows sailing directions: piloting offshore, finding anchorage, beating over the bar, tides, currents, navigational aides. Click once to the Wikimedia site. Click again for map full screen, click

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Savannah boasted a roundhouse repair facility. Three railroads at the time of the Civil War were (1) Central of Georgia Railroad, 1843, to cotton center of the state: Macon and Milledgeville; (2) Savannah, Albany and Gulf Railroad to the south central part of Georgia; and (3) the Savannah Charleston

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Heavy caliber rifled cannon which the Federals needed to reduce Pulaski had arrived nearby in February, at which time Gillmore decided to locate the batteries at the northwestern tip of Tybee Island nearest the fort. By March, Gillmore was offloading siege materiel onto Tybee Island. Roads had to be

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Tattnall's gunboats still commanded the lower river around Point Venus. As a part of Lee's active defense, the Confederate's Savannah River Squadron launched continuous patrols. Their naval gunnery required the work along the river by Union besiegers to be done at night. The Federal's guns had to be

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Following a reconnaissance of the ground, Gillmore proposed the unconventional plan to reduce Fort Pulaski with mortars and rifled guns. Sherman approved the plan, but not the promise of the rifled guns. His endorsement was qualified, believing gunnery effect would be limited, "to shake the walls in

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Fort Pulaski was considered invincible with its 7-1/2-foot solid brick walls and reinforcing masonry piers. Lee had earlier surveyed the fort's defenses with Colonel Olmstead and determined, "they will make it pretty warm for you here with shells, but they cannot breach your walls at that distance."

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and aids to navigation down the Atlantic coast, then redeployed most of its 10,000 troops. The Confederate army-navy defense blocked Federal advance for over three months, secured the city, and prevented any subsequent Union advance from seaward during the war. Coastal rail connections were extended

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Two sites for Federal batteries were selected upriver from the fort to cut it off from Savannah, just as Lee had anticipated. The first was at Point Venus at the east end of Jones Island along the north bank of the Savannah River North Channel. Tattnall had sunk a schooner to obstruct the northward

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sortied out from under Fort Pulaski's guns in a "brave but brief" attack on the Union ships outside the bar, driving them out to sea. Tattnall's squadron withdrew up the Savannah River for refit and two days later, the same three resupplied the fort with six months provisions, despite "the spirited

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On Lee's transfer to Richmond, he detailed urgent defense construction, then he called on Lawton's "earnest and close attention" to the Federal's probable approach to the city. "It looks now as if he would take the Savannah River". Guns located in island batteries were to be removed to the mainland

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attack on seven Federal gunboats on the river, Lee's assessment was that "there is nothing to prevent their reaching the Savannah River, and we have nothing afloat that can contend against them." Fort Pulaski, a "Third System", scientifically engineered coastal defense fort, still had at least four

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Elliott, Daniel, Archaeological Reconnaissance at the Drudi Tract, Tybee Island ... op.cit. p. 14. After early misleadingly optimistic reports, within a few days, Federal reports described the firing as having caused substantial internal damage to the lighthouse, and the lens appeared to have been

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As the day wore on, counter-battery fire from Fort Pulaski was gradually silenced as their guns were either dismounted or rendered unserviceable. Two of the Federal 10-inch columbiads jumped backwards off their carriages. The 13-inch mortars placed less than 10% rounds on target. However, Federal

758:, the command's chief engineering officer, with three companies of the Fourth New Hampshire, took formal possession of the entire island without opposition. The navy set the logistics train in motion, and by December 20, the army had sufficient materials for establishing "a permanent possession". 611:

In March, Lee passed along War Department orders to begin transferring regiments from Florida to Tennessee to reinstate operations following the "disasters to our arms" there. Georgian troops had been sent to Virginia in July, additional Georgians would be moved to Tennessee also. The Confederate

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from a James River command and would employ sailors to service at a battery across from Savannah's Fort Jackson. Turning his attention to Fort Pulaski's defenses, Lee anticipated Union moves to establish batteries above the fort. He ordered guns positioned to cover their likely positions were the

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To land the cannon onto Tybee Island, artillery pieces were taken off transports, set on rafts at high tide, and pitched into the surf near shore. At low tide, manpower alone would drag the guns up the beach. Two hundred and fifty men were required to move a 13-inch mortar along on a sling cart.

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and a 48-pounder James rifled cannon (formerly a 24-pounder smoothbore). Their mission was to fire on the barbette guns until silenced, then switch to percussion shells onto the southeast walls and adjacent embrasure, at a rate of 10–12 rounds an hour to effect wall penetrations for the planned

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In consultation with Lee, Olmstead had distributed armament on the ramparts and in the casements to cover all approaches, and several were placed to cover westerly marshes and Savannah's North Channel. Confederate marauders burned sea island cotton crops to deny them falling into Federal hands.

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The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series 1, vol. 6 chap. 15, Operations on the Coasts of South Carolina, Georgia, and Middle and East Florida, Aug 21, 1861 – Apr 11, 1862. vol. 44, Vol. 14, Chap. 26. Government Printing Office.

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on the ninth prevented action, but all was ready for the Federals by April 10, and the newly appointed Commander of the Department, Major-General David Hunter, sent a demand for "immediate surrender and restoration of Fort Pulaski to the authority and possession of the United States." Colonel

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Lawton's October report for his Department listed 2,753 men and officers in the environs of Savannah, almost half of the command. First Georgia Regulars had been assigned to Tybee Island. They built a battery on Tybee Island and manned it, along with lookouts along the beach. The Regiment was

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detached 100 crew to man four of the 30-pounder Parrott rifles. In the morning, with the wind picking up right to left and affecting shell trajectory, the Union artillery resumed the bombardment, concentrating fire to enlarge the opening. The Georgia gunners again found targets, described in

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One of the two 13-inch mortars of Battery Halleck at 2,400 yards (2,200 m) range was given the task of signaling the opening of the bombardment. The battery would proceed by shelling the arches of the north and northeast faces with plunging fire, "exploding after striking, not before".

1577:. LAMAR Institute Publication Series, 127, By Daniel T. Elliott., Savannah, Georgia, 2008, p.14. Troops under the command of William Duncan Smith. Col. Olmstead would later command this regiment in the Army of Tennessee after service with his volunteers in the defense of Charleston, 1863. 532:

On January 3, 1861, 16 days before the secession of Georgia from the Union, volunteer militia seized Fort Pulaski from the Federal government and, with Confederate forces, began repairing and upgrading the armament. In late 1861, the commander, Department of Georgia, Brigadier General

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Once the Union battery at Venus Point was disclosed, Confederate gunboats engaged in gunnery duels, but they were driven off. Over the next week, the besiegers completely surrounded the Fort. Federals built another battery on the Savannah River across from Venus Point. They threw a

2564:, Compiled and Arranged from Official Records of the Federal and Confederate Armies, Reports of the ... Several States, the Army Registers, and Other ... Two Volumes. National Historical Society with the Press of Morningside Bookshop, Dayton, Ohio. Originally published in 1908. 1586:

On orders to proceed to Virginia by the Confederate government, General Lawson directed the 1st Georgia Regulars to make transit regardless of protests from the Governor of Georgia. Two 8-inch columbiads from their Tybee Island battery were dismounted and relocated into Fort

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Fire was to cease at dark, except for special directions, and in the event, intermittent harassment was sustained on the fort overnight. A signal officer was stationed at Battery Scott to communicate the ranging of the mortar batteries Stanton, Grant and Sherman.

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had made a major impact on the battle. The rifled cannon fired significantly further with more accuracy and greater destructive impact than the smoothbores then in use. Its application achieved tactical surprise unanticipated by senior commanders of either side.

2254:. by Brig.-Gen. Q.A. Gillmore, Captain of Engineers, U.S.A., to the United States Engineer Department, 1862, D.Van Nostrand, NY. The columbiads failed due to incompatible bolts shearing off. They were not inspected before they were placed in the line for firing. 571:

in the Charleston Harbor, they did not intend to use it. "We must endeavor to be prepared against assaults elsewhere on the Southern coast." To that end, ships were sunk by the Confederates in the water approaches that led behind Fort Pulaski.

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By Lee's estimation, the fort could not be reduced by bombardment or direct assault, only by starvation, and would be secure as long as supplies could be built up. The last Confederate supply ship to Fort Pulaski was the small workhorse

5772: 1260:. Damage to the fort was repaired in six weeks, and the Confederates made no attempt to retake it. The city of Savannah itself remained in Confederate hands until the arrival of William Tecumseh Sherman in December 1864, when he 754:, and flew the national flag from them. Overnight, a reduced company set false campfires to misdirect the Confederates ashore. Two days later Du Pont and Sherman made a personal reconnaissance, and on 29 November, Major General 541:

assumed command of the newly created "Department of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida", headquartering in Savannah. He had helped construct the fort in his early military career and was familiar with the terrain and tides.

1399:. Union batteries bombard from Tybee Island. Brick thrown into the air is off the southeast corner of the fort by new Parrott Rifle cannon using percussion projectiles, making 7-foot penetrations. (Leslie's Weekly Magazine) 1883: 2556:

Davis, George B., Leslie J. Perry, and Joseph W. Kirkley 1894 Atlas to Accompany the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Originally published in 1891, Government Printing Office, Washington,

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at MacKay's Point was not intended to stop federal gunboats in force, but with Tattnall's gunboat support, they could prevent Federal batteries from being built on Elba Island to threaten Old Fort Jackson.

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The Union advance on Fort Pulaski began on November 24, 1861. Following reconnaissance that Confederates had abandoned Tybee Island, Du Pont ordered forward an amphibious raid with three gunboats at the

433:" fort which had been built nearby the city to defend the immediate approaches to its wharves. In the campaigns for national elections in 1860, Southerners threatened to secede from the United States if 685:. The Confederate Tybee Island battery had been previously dismantled and abandoned, and their guns relocated to the fort. The fort had been provisioned on January 28 with a six-month supply of food. 2087: 689:

Navigational aids like the Tybee Lighthouse were dismantled and burned. Reports from the field had Confederate troops setting fires to everything that might be used by advancing Federal troops.

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Lee's strategic considerations are outlined in his official correspondence as commanding officer of the department from Savannah on November 29 and December 20 to Confederate Secretary of War

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Map of the siege of Ft. Pulaski. Fort in red with outlying batteries, U.S. batteries in grey; besieging batteries upriver had infantry and gunboat support to cut off Pulaski from Savannah.

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Railroad in 1860 (later the "Charleston Savannah Railway"). The value of 38 manufacturing establishments of all kinds totaled near $ 1 million, more than any other county in the state.

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had for warships. The rapid reduction of Fort Pulaski was used to justify stopping work on masonry forts and led to a brief period of new construction of earthwork forts in the 1870s.

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This early in the conflict, it was still a "white man's war", and contrabands/freedmen were not yet employed under considerations for slave-holder 'property'. Victor, op.cit., p.107.

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is quoted as saying of the fort, "you might as well bombard the Rocky Mountains." If there were ever to be a successful siege, it would have to starve the garrison into submission.

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The four batteries closest to the fort were each given specific firing missions. Battery McClellan at a range of 1,650 yards (1,510 m) with two 84-pounder and two 64-pounder

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in and around Savannah's defensive lines. Obstructions in the river above the city were to be set by hands provided by upriver planters in the event of an envelopment by way of

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Heavy rifled batteries penetrated the fort's walls in three places at the southeast corner (center), while smoothbore guns merely shook walls "in a random manner" (right).

387:" fort in the United States system of coastal defense on land ceded to the United States by the State of Georgia. Authorized by appropriations begun by Congress under the 406:

The new construction replaced two earlier forts on Tybee Island. A British colonial fort was torn down in the American Revolution. The first U.S. fort, authorized in the

2478: 359:. The city was commercially and industrially important as a cotton exporting port, railroad center and the largest manufacturing center in the state, including a state 247: 2502:, Richmond Hill, Georgia State Park. "Our Georgia History" recounts engagements with Union blockade, four in 1862, four in 1863, blockade runners, Sherman in 1864. 1458:

Swanson, Mark and Robert Holcombe. Jan 31, 2007, p.30. On March 30, 1861, the vessels and crews of the Navy of Georgia were turned over to confederate authorities

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For a contemporary narrative of the process, see "chapter V... building batteries on Jones and Bird Islands" in Captain (later Colonel) James M. Nichols memoir,

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survived the detonation of a torpedo while attacking Fort McAllister in 1863. Given shortages in marine engines, the Confederate Navy built the floating battery

4680: 4675: 2711: 655:, insisted on forcing Lee's riverine batteries against Du Pont's recommendation, Sherman was transferred to the western theater and replaced by Major General 608:

months' provisions. Now, the primary objective became, "we must endeavor to defend the city." The city's floating dock was sunk as another river obstruction.

4685: 1551: 575: 1477: 5446: 5335: 5320: 3164: 341: 240: 2606: 5112: 5032: 3560: 2152:

Swanson, Mark and Holcombe, Robert. January 31, 2007, p.27, "Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Navy Dept., Naval Historical Center, online at

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Official Records, Armies, Chapter XV. Operations on the Coasts of South Carolina, Georgia and middle and east Florida. August 21, 1861 – April 11, 1862.

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Administration, was swept away in an 1804 hurricane. Construction began on Fort Pulaski during 1830, and was completed in 1845 in the administration of

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an address before the Confederate survivors' association, Augusta Georgia, April 26, 1883. by Col. Charles C. Jones, Jr., pres. of the association.

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an address before the Confederate survivors' association, Augusta Georgia, April 26, 1883. by Col. Charles C. Jones, Jr., pres. of the association.

3555: 1558:, excerpts. 379 men and officers were assigned to Fort Pulaski, another 1,183 on Tybee Island, 658 on Skidaway Island, and 533 in Savannah's camps. 486: 5330: 5305: 5107: 5015: 3565: 3299: 3034: 2567:

Schiller, Herbert M., Sumter is Avenged! The Siege & Reduction of Fort Pulaski. Shippenburg: The White Mane Publishing Company, Inc., 1995.

1570: 1323:(1863). Closure of gaps and connections between railways in Savannah, Augusta, and Charleston allowed timely movement of troops and supplies to 777:. As Du Pont sought to close the alternative channels local ships used, he sank stone-filled ships in the Savannah River channel, and stationed 5157: 4800: 4189: 4068: 5684: 5042: 4795: 4790: 4216: 2145: 2054: 1788: 1494: 1451: 1411: 4048: 3118: 2495: 955:

between the south and southeast faces and the adjacent embrasure. Battery Sigel at 1,670 yards (1,530 m) included the five 30-pounder

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Olmstead, Charles H., "The Memoirs of Charles H. Olmstead". Hawes, Lillian, editor 1964 Collections of the Georgia Historical Society 14.

502: 363:

and private shipyards. Two southerly estuaries led to the Savannah River behind the fort. Immediately east of Pulaski, and in sight of

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Jones, Charles C., Jr., chief of artillery of the Confederate Department of Georgia "Seizure and reduction of fort Pulaski" article in

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had been reduced from 650 to 385 officers and men. They were organized into five infantry companies and had 48 cannons, including ten

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Weddle, Kevin J., "Lincoln's Tragic Admiral: The Life of Samuel Francis Du Pont" Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press 2005.

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The Beginning and the End: The Civil War Story of Federal Surrenders Before Ft. Sumter and Confederate Surrenders after Appomattox

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by Brig.-Gen. Q.A. Gillmore, Captain of Engineers, U.S.A., to the United States Engineer Department, 1862, D.Van Nostrand, NY.

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Following her successful blockade run into Savannah, ownership was transferred to the Confederate government as pre-arranged.

5792: 5182: 4174: 4169: 4033: 3933: 3184: 3039: 2679: 2665: 2616: 2579: 2409:

Anderson, Bern. "By Sea and by River: the naval history of the Civil War" 1962. Reprinted unabridged 1989 Da Capo paperback.

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Anderson, Bern. "By Sea and by River: the naval history of the Civil War" 1962. Reprinted unabridged 1989 Da Capo paperback.

2305: 1976: 1805: 1533: 1265: 2541:

A compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion, Series I, volume 12,

5441: 5145: 5117: 4356: 4164: 4133: 4063: 3923: 3497: 2443:, Savannah, Georgia, Fort Pulaski National Park. Marks seaward approach to North Channel and South Channel, Savannah River. 5431: 5421: 5072: 4780: 4143: 4108: 4003: 3581: 2372: 651:, conducted a reconnaissance of Lee's system of defense upriver. When the commanding military general, Brigadier General 4058: 5582: 5572: 5557: 5325: 5150: 4179: 4128: 4073: 4038: 4023: 4013: 3998: 3973: 3928: 3913: 3848: 3725: 3174: 2400:, University of North Carolina Press, 1998, pp. 161-162 refer to the projects to close the gaps in this coastal network 2387:

Confederate Torpedo Service By R. O. Crowley The Century / Volume 56, Issue 2, The Century Company, New York, June 1898

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The Union fleet conducted explorations among the Atlantic inlets and coastal marshes by shallow draft ships, boats and

5694: 5577: 5567: 5295: 4891: 4785: 4662: 4159: 4123: 4043: 3983: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3908: 3339: 3331: 3209: 3153: 3055: 2771: 2748: 2689: 2655: 2600: 2414: 2325: 1999:(1862–1863). In her first attack on Union blockaders, she was blocked by obstructions. In the second in spring 1863, 1838: 743: 2082:, vol.1, p. 691, cites Major General Thomas W. Sherman as senior commander, land forces. Succeeded by Major General 5782: 4088: 4053: 3993: 3948: 3111: 2985: 2822: 667: 415: 1548: 742:. Under a two-hour ship's bombardment, the Confederate pickets set fire to the lighthouse and withdrew. Commander 5654: 5639: 5521: 5481: 5380: 5365: 5350: 5345: 5177: 5082: 4113: 4008: 3968: 3689: 3525: 2832: 1820:

National Park Service (nps), Heritage Preservation Services, The American Battlefield Protection Program (ABPP).

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Tattnall had similarly employed sailors to man shore batteries in defense of Richmond immediately following the

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received considerable damage, returning to patrol the Savannah River only in mid-November the following year.

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at two southerly estuaries, Wassaw Sound, south of Wilmington Island, and Ossabaw Sound at Skidaway Island.

5310: 5052: 4842: 4817: 4529: 3604: 3309: 3249: 2484: 2660:

Schiller, Herbert M., "Sumter is avenged: the siege and reduction of Fort Pulaski", 1995. White Mane Pub.

1596:

The pre-Civil War militia designation was used by the unit, officially Georgia's Ninth Volunteer Regiment.

5741: 5489: 5240: 5077: 5067: 5062: 5020: 4444: 3743: 3194: 3104: 3008: 2908: 2893: 900:

ran up the South Channel under the extinguished lighthouse and returned to Savannah through Tybee Creek.

49: 1979:

The publishers copyright is dated 1861, the preface for volume 2 is dated 1863. Viewed October 27, 2014.

546:

reassigned to Virginia, departing July 17, 1861. Olmstead's "First Volunteer Regiment of Georgia" would

391:

administration, construction of Third System forts was directed under U.S. Secretaries of War including

5802: 5632: 5220: 5047: 4930: 4908: 4837: 4752: 3813: 3614: 3492: 3474: 2863: 2627: 2079: 1276:"Lessons learned" by the Union were not adopted until the war was over. In its December 1864 attack on 739: 673:

At the time Pulaski was cut off from Savannah in April 1862, the garrison under the command of Colonel

633: 372: 305: 108: 90: 2284:

Gillmore's orders had specified James guns having grooves cleaned every 5–6 rounds fired. NYT, op.cit.

1937: 1567: 5751: 5664: 5620: 5426: 5208: 5010: 4983: 4963: 4864: 4670: 4575: 3873: 3788: 3704: 3354: 3279: 3018: 2990: 2980: 2933: 2918: 2913: 2883: 2561: 1218:

Closeup of damage inflicted on Fort Pulaski by Union artillery on Big Tybee Island, April 12–14, 1862

750:, led a landing party of sailors and Marines in thirteen surf-boats to occupy the lighthouse and the 645: 2702: 1618: 5627: 5511: 5436: 5411: 5406: 5370: 5290: 4988: 4973: 4554: 3838: 3803: 3738: 3679: 3674: 3404: 2903: 2481:. Ships models for Atlantic trade, 1700s and 1800s. descriptive listing by Nautical Research Guild. 2329: 1656: 457:

in the South. The policy was continued until April 12, 1861, when South Carolina militia bombarded

356: 2684:

Wilson, Harold S. "Confederate Industry: Manufacturers and Quartermasters in the Civil War" 2002,

2264: 2142: 2051: 1887: 1785: 1746: 1491: 1448: 1408: 5615: 5235: 5203: 5198: 4896: 4869: 4261: 3758: 3748: 3520: 3515: 3369: 2975: 2943: 2432:

Savannah, Georgia. National Park Service. School visits are generally free. See "For Teachers".

2384: 2011:, overwhelmed in a gunnery duel and surrendered. In early 1864, the ship was re-commissioned the 1854:

Fort Pulaski – National Monument, Historical Handbook, NPS, Op. Cit. "Investment of Fort Pulaski"

1689: 1357: 1299: 1269: 534: 79: 2634: 2492: 2450: 1672: 5600: 5300: 4874: 4464: 4301: 4276: 3808: 3709: 3624: 3364: 3273: 2953: 2853: 2837: 2801: 785: 274: 2534:

Official report ... of the siege and reduction of Fort Pulaski, Georgia, March and April, 1862

2252:

Official report ... of the siege and reduction of Fort Pulaski, Georgia, March and April, 1862

2178:

Fort Pulaski – National Monument, Historical Handbook, NPS, Op. Cit. "Gillmore sets the stage"

1808:

Chapter 9, operations of Admiral Du Pont's squadron in the sounds of South Carolina. page 83+.

5516: 5416: 5230: 4879: 4832: 4742: 4710: 4417: 4407: 3853: 3843: 3828: 3778: 3733: 3389: 3374: 3267: 2928: 2878: 2827: 2024:"Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Navy Dept., Naval Historical Center, online at 1732: 1317: 755: 588: 555: 368: 134: 2440: 5674: 5526: 5499: 4968: 4747: 4730: 4387: 3883: 3868: 3863: 3833: 3818: 3798: 3416: 3320: 3204: 3013: 2938: 2433: 2355:. It made two sorties, was captured, repaired, and returned to service as the ironclad USS 1511: 909: 774: 701: 2446: 2263:"Fort Pulaski National Monument, National Park Service Historical Handbook Series (1961). 2130: 8: 5659: 5451: 5340: 5214: 4859: 4812: 4559: 4519: 4504: 4397: 4246: 3918: 3878: 3753: 3714: 3684: 3639: 3599: 3199: 3189: 2960: 2360: 1872: 874: 674: 596: 396: 147: 143: 2533: 2251: 2033: 5505: 5375: 4901: 4886: 4767: 4725: 4697: 4534: 4499: 4346: 4306: 3823: 3793: 3783: 3659: 3654: 3634: 3629: 3609: 3359: 3262: 3179: 3127: 2898: 2349: 1726: 1568:

Archaeological Reconnaissance at the Drudi Tract, Tybee Island, Chatham County, Georgia

1310: 1292: 729: 641: 584: 426: 329: 301: 41: 4479: 2153: 2070:

Fort Pulaski – National Monument, Historical Handbook, NPS, Op. Cit. "The New Weapon"

2039: 2025: 324:

after a 30-hour bombardment. The siege and battle are important for innovative use of

5747: 5003: 4605: 4539: 4474: 4377: 4296: 4256: 3858: 3664: 3619: 3234: 2965: 2923: 2873: 2685: 2675: 2661: 2651: 2612: 2596: 2575: 2571: 2410: 2321: 2301: 2029: 1972: 1968: 1834: 1722: 1685: 1529: 1287:: Tattnall's efforts to break the Union blockade at Savannah extended the modern era 1253: 663: 652: 648: 621: 580: 472: 407: 335:

The fort's surrender strategically closed Savannah as a port. The Union extended its

2740: 2458: 1745:

Fort Pulaski – National Monument, National Park Service Historical Handbook Series,

1621:

National Monument, Georgia, Historical Handbook Number Eighteen 1954 (reprint 1961).

997: 4615: 4484: 4454: 4449: 4382: 4321: 4316: 4271: 3773: 3763: 3669: 3649: 3644: 3394: 3384: 3344: 2888: 2868: 2858: 2341: 1988: 1895: 1697: 1693: 1288: 126: 232: 5773:

Battles of the Lower Seaboard Theater and Gulf Approach of the American Civil War

5689: 4978: 4827: 4720: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4580: 4549: 4459: 4402: 4392: 4351: 3379: 3349: 3169: 2514: 2499: 2149: 2058: 2045: 1792: 1574: 1555: 1498: 1455: 1415: 856: 762: 617: 509: 446: 434: 419: 400: 348: 2635:“Military lessons inculcated on the Coast of Georgia during the Confederate War” 1817: 1673:“Military lessons inculcated on the Coast of Georgia during the Confederate War” 1230: 1202: 567:

had been blocked. In December, Lee reasoned that, since the Federals had sunk a

4757: 4705: 4544: 4509: 4469: 4361: 4341: 4336: 4291: 3570: 3411: 3399: 2582:

The publishers copyright is dated 1861, the preface for volume 2 is dated 1863.

2475:. Squadron headquartered at Old Fort Jackson. Background for historical marker. 1712:

Correspondence, etc. – Confederate. November 29 on p. 32, December 20 on p. 42.

1396: 1257: 988: 849: 751: 697: 438: 352: 336: 328:

which made existing coastal defenses obsolete. The Union initiated large-scale

313: 178: 2472: 1731:

Fort Pulaski (red, right) on Cockspur Island at river's mouth. North shore of

913:

get out. The last link of communications was a weekly swamp swimming courier.

670:

just south of Savannah, their efforts using bombardment alone were fruitless.

5766: 5025: 4625: 4620: 4610: 4585: 4494: 4489: 4331: 4326: 4311: 4281: 4251: 3589: 3214: 2726: 2713: 1195: 1068: 956: 770: 693: 682: 538: 442: 388: 325: 207: 139: 55: 2015:

and took up station in the James River supporting Grant's siege of Richmond.

5494: 5471: 5461: 5456: 4993: 4935: 4847: 4822: 4735: 4715: 4514: 4412: 991:

and ammunition. Five Parrotts massed fire of percussion shells on the fort.

929: 905: 656: 392: 321: 309: 130: 4266: 3304: 3284: 1277: 1050: 948: 842: 700:. The coaling station could then serve as a base for the expedition. The 587:

center, Fort Pulaski on Cockspur Island at river's mouth. North shore of

568: 461:, South Carolina, just north along the Atlantic Coast from Fort Pulaski. 458: 454: 182: 54:

Fort Pulaski under fire on April 10–11, 1862 from the Union's innovative

2650:

Jones, Jacqueline. "Saving Savannah: The City and the Civil War" (2009)

2507: 1833:

Edited by Frances H. Kennedy. Goughton Mifflin Company, New York, 1998.

862:

like that used by C.S. Navy armed with one swivel-mounted gun at the bow

5649: 4524: 4286: 3487: 3482: 2572:

The history, civil, political and military of the Southern Rebellion...

2275:

Gillmore, Q. A., Op.Cit, 1862, Appendix Tables of battery and gun fire.

1969:

The history, civil, political and military of the Southern Rebellion...

411: 1194:

kept clean. The 13-inch mortars had little effect. The new 30-pounder

964:

was to fire solid shot and breach the same area as Battery McClellan.

5798:

Military operations of the American Civil War in Georgia (U.S. state)

4913: 3096: 2595:

Gillmore, Quincy A. "The Siege and Reduction of Fort Pulaski" (1863)

2469:. Floating gun battery off Old Fort Jackson. Army Corps of Engineers. 1085: 961: 890: 704:

harbor answered the immediate requirement for a nearby staging area.

678: 525: 2429: 2120:

Fort Pulaski – National Monument, Historical Handbook, NPS, Op. Cit.

1478:“The Magazine of American history with notes and queries, Volume 14” 1222: 719: 4918: 1758:

Official Records, Armies, op.cit. Chap. XV. p. 85, January 29, 1862

1214: 1004: 547: 493: 450: 2461:, Fort James Jackson, Savannah, Georgia. Coastal Heritage Society. 921:" participated in counter-battery fire with besieging Union guns. 868: 628: 425:

The Third System fort expanded Savannah's defenses downriver from

2550: 2542: 1767:

Official Records, Armies, op.cit. Chap. XV. March 1, 1862. p. 403

1306: 852: 816: 778: 604: 360: 2672:

Bluejackets and Contrabands: African Americans in the Union Navy

1776:

Official Records, Armies, op.cit. Chap. XV. March 3, 1862, p. 34

5716:

List of films and television shows about the American Civil War

1174: 981: 924: 2385:

http://www.navyandmarine.org/ondeck/1862ConfTorpedoService.htm

716:, the Federals began preparations for besieging Fort Pulaski. 1309:

station was established under military command. The ironclad

3438: 951:

cannon (old 42- and 32-pounders, rifled), was to breach the

2300:(Third ed.). McLean, Virginia: CDSG Press. p. 8. 449:

Administration at first did not garrison and defend forts,

437:

was elected president. Following the policy of President

2061:

Swanson, Mark and Robert Holcombe. January 31, 2007, p.30

1795:

Swanson, Mark and Robert Holcombe. January 31, 2007, p.25

1501:

Swanson, Mark and Robert Holcombe. January 31, 2007, p.13

1418:

Swanson, Mark and Robert Holcombe. January 31, 2007, p.30

1395:

April 10–12, 1862. Viewed from northeast, North Channel,

1928:

removed by the evacuating Confederates sometime earlier.

2088:“Official records of the Union and Confederate armies” 1428:

New York Times, 04/20/1862 “Other official documents”.

2770: 2517:, Brunswick, Georgia, active Coast Guard with museum. 2473:

Ironclads and gunboats of the Savannah River Squadron

2449:, Savannah, Georgia, active Coast Guard with museum. 1347:

Pre-war rank. Subsequently promoted to Major General.

1528:. Westminster, MD: Heritage Books, Inc. p. 57. 464: 1995:was converted into a casemate ironclad and renamed 1661:. National Park Civil War Series. Eastern National. 1256:was closed to the Confederacy early, extending the 666:. But when they came up against earthworks such as 600:Federals to get behind Pulaski in a siege attempt. 537:would transfer to Richmond. On November 5, General 262: 2630:1878. Morning News steam printing house, Savannah. 2628:The life and services of Commodore Josiah Tattnall 1373:is a blunted point of a multi-faced fortification. 928:Union bombproof construction like those built on 5764: 5402:Confederate States presidential election of 1861 1886:By Angus Konstam. Sketch with description, p.9. 1831:The Civil War Battlefield Guide: Second Edition. 1604: 1602: 1055:2 32-pounders rifled (64-pounder James rifles) 804:was partially disabled but returned to harbor. 422:, the Polish hero of the American Revolution. 355:. The fort commanded seaward approaches to the 5226:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. 1850: 1848: 1846: 418:of Tennessee. The new fort was named to honor 3112: 2756: 2297:American Seacoast Defenses, A Reference Guide 1894:could not get out, later was converted to an 1072:1 24-pounder rifled (48-pounder James rifle) 681:, five mortars, and a 4.5-inch (114 mm) 316:conducted a 112-day siege, then captured the 248: 2086:, at the time of the April bombardment. See 1829:Brown, David A. "Fort Pulaski: April 1862." 1599: 1305:(1863). To elaborate Savannah's defenses, a 765:to make Savannah was the British steam ship 692:In August 1861, the Union secretary of war, 1843: 3119: 3105: 2763: 2749: 1467:Swanson, M. and Holcombe, R., op.cit. p.30 1421: 1270:Battle of the USS Monitor and CAA Virginia 255: 241: 5778:Union victories of the American Civil War 2786:Georgia Constitutional Convention of 1861 2104: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2090:, Chapter XV, p. 135. Cornell University. 524:Bombproofs of timbers, yard trenched for 3315:Treatment of slaves in the United States 2562:A compendium of the War of the Rebellion 1873:National Park Service battle description 1658:Fort Pulaski and the Defense of Savannah 1654: 1229: 1226:Photograph of the breach at Fort Pulaski 1221: 1213: 1201: 923: 815: 773:and a large consignment of British-made 718: 627: 574: 550:Fort Pulaski through the Federal siege. 414:by a successor of U.S. Secretary of War 5058:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War 3230:South Carolina Declaration of Secession 2560:Dyer, Frederick Henry, compiler, 1979 2342:CSS Atlanta, USS Atlanta. Navy Heritage 2116: 2114: 1989:CSS Atlanta, USS Atlanta. Navy Heritage 1015:Federal siege batteries at Fort Pulaski 603:In January, following Tattnall's three- 14: 5765: 5043:Modern display of the Confederate flag 3126: 2293: 2165: 2163: 2093: 2080:“Battles and leaders of the civil war” 1888:History of the Confederate states navy 1736:again for magnification to read notes. 1641: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1629: 1627: 636:rises behind a Union engineer company. 5261: 4650: 4214: 3437: 3240:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers 3138: 3100: 2744: 2551:Cornell University, Making of America 2543:Cornell University, Making of America 1747:“General Lee Returns to Fort Pulaski” 1523: 300:fought April 10–11, 1862, during the 236: 3079: 2607:“The Naval History of the Civil War” 2111: 1806:“The Naval History of the Civil War” 5397:Committee on the Conduct of the War 5073:United Daughters of the Confederacy 2160: 1624: 1243: 1007:guns were disabled and reactivated. 561: 445:of Virginia, the newly inaugurated 294:siege and reduction of Fort Pulaski 24: 5467:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864 5262: 4806:impeachment managers investigation 3185:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry 2521: 1185:Overnight, Du Pont's flagship USS 707: 25: 5814: 4892:Reconstruction military districts 3340:Abolitionism in the United States 3295:Plantations in the American South 3210:Origins of the American Civil War 2772:Georgia in the American Civil War 2487:and roundtable, Savannah, Georgia 2423: 2373:Commander Matthew Fontaine Maury" 1049:2 42-pounders rifled (84-pounder 351:, Georgia, near the mouth of the 5746: 5737: 5736: 4875:Enforcement Act of February 1871 4848:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867 3078: 3069: 3068: 2986:Second Battle of Fort McAllister 2479:Ships of the Sea Maritime Museum 2375:, Maury, Richard Launcelot.1901. 1906:Elliott, op.cit. p.9. They were 1729:(red, center) at the river bend. 1206:Heavy sustained damage scars of 996: 987:Union battery of two 30-pounder 980: 867: 841: 784:On November 26 Tattnall's flag, 712:After building up facilities on 517: 501: 485: 471: 48: 27:Action of the American Civil War 5660:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864 5522:When Johnny Comes Marching Home 5083:Wilmington insurrection of 1898 2823:First Battle of Fort McAllister 2403: 2390: 2378: 2366: 2335: 2314: 2287: 2278: 2269: 2257: 2244: 2235: 2226: 2217: 2208: 2199: 2190: 2181: 2172: 2169:NPS battle description, op.cit. 2136: 2123: 2073: 2064: 2018: 1982: 1961: 1952: 1943: 1931: 1921: 1900: 1877: 1866: 1857: 1823: 1811: 1798: 1779: 1770: 1761: 1752: 1739: 1715: 1703: 1678: 1665: 1648: 1611: 1590: 1580: 1561: 1542: 1517: 1512:General History of Fort Pulaski 1363: 1350: 1341: 908:across Tybee Creek and cut the 264:Operations Against Fort Pulaski 5788:1862 in the American Civil War 4763:Southern Homestead Act of 1866 2348:was converted to the ironclad 1645:Lattimore, Ralston B., op.cit. 1504: 1483: 1470: 1461: 1442: 1433: 1402: 1386: 971: 800:opposition of Federal ships". 492:Southeast parapet, south wall 13: 1: 5178:Ladies' Memorial Associations 4880:Enforcement Act of April 1871 4776:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 4651: 2294:Berhow, Mark A., ed. (2015). 2052:"CSS Georgia: Archival Study" 1655:Schiller, Herbert M. (1997). 1380: 1167:3,400 yd (3,100 m) 1156:3,200 yd (2,900 m) 1145:3,100 yd (2,800 m) 1134:3,045 yd (2,784 m) 1123:2,750 yd (2,510 m) 1112:2,650 yd (2,420 m) 1101:2,400 yd (2,200 m) 1090:1,740 yd (1,590 m) 1076:1,670 yd (1,530 m) 1059:1,650 yd (1,510 m) 1041:1,650 yd (1,510 m) 828: 383:Fort Pulaski was built as a " 378: 5793:1862 in Georgia (U.S. state) 5311:Confederate revolving cannon 5053:Sons of Confederate Veterans 4924:South Carolina riots of 1876 4902:Indian Council at Fort Smith 4853:South Carolina riots of 1876 4818:Knights of the White Camelia 3310:Slavery in the United States 2833:Battle of Davis' Cross Roads 2398:Railroads of the Confederacy 1940:, excerpts. Sullivan, David. 1327:from late 1862 through 1864. 1238: 512:held Union to night movement 58:cannon and percussion shells 7: 5665:New York City riots of 1863 5490:Battle Hymn of the Republic 5241:United Confederate Veterans 5078:Children of the Confederacy 5068:United Confederate Veterans 5063:Southern Historical Society 4215: 3695:Price's Missouri Expedition 3165:Timeline leading to the War 3139: 3009:Special Field Orders No. 15 2949:Battle of Lovejoy's Station 2909:Battle of Kennesaw Mountain 2485:The Historic Railroad Shops 2265:“Significance of the Siege” 2143:CSS Georgia: Archival Study 1890:, Scharf, J. Thomas, 1887. 1786:CSS Georgia: Archival Study 1492:CSS Georgia: Archival Study 1449:CSS Georgia: Archival Study 1409:CSS Georgia: Archival Study 1164:3 seacoast 13-inch mortars 1153:3 seacoast 13-inch mortars 1142:3 heavy 10-inch columbiads 1109:3 seacoast 13-inch mortars 1098:2 seacoast 13-inch mortars 347:Fort Pulaski is located on 10: 5819: 5633:Confederate Secret Service 5221:Grand Army of the Republic 5113:Grand Army of the Republic 4931:Southern Claims Commission 2971:Sherman's March to the Sea 2864:Battle of Rocky Face Ridge 2447:Tybee Island light station 1131:3 heavy 8-inch columbiads 1120:1 seacoast 13-inch mortar 166:15 warships, 36 transports 5732: 5708: 5621:Confederate States dollar 5593: 5535: 5480: 5432:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863 5427:Emancipation Proclamation 5389: 5321:Medal of Honor recipients 5278: 5274: 5257: 5209:Confederate Memorial Hall 5191: 5170: 5128: 5100: 5091: 5011:Confederate Memorial Hall 4984:Confederate History Month 4964:Civil War Discovery Trail 4944: 4865:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 4696: 4671:Reconstruction Amendments 4661: 4657: 4646: 4568: 4437: 4430: 4370: 4234: 4227: 4223: 4210: 4152: 3899: 3892: 3723: 3579: 3538: 3506: 3473: 3466: 3462: 3433: 3330: 3280:Emancipation Proclamation 3248: 3149: 3145: 3134: 3064: 3048: 3027: 3001: 2991:Battle of Altamaha Bridge 2981:Battle of Buck Head Creek 2919:Battle of Peachtree Creek 2884:Battle of New Hope Church 2846: 2815: 2794: 2778: 2670:Tomblin, Barbara Brooks. 2232:Victor, op. cit., p. 107. 2003:was met by U.S. monitors 1884:Blockade Runner 1861–1865 1696:, and March 3 to General 1688:, January 29, to General 1671:*Jones, Charles C., Jr., 1524:Pryor, Dayton E. (2009). 441:and his Secretary of War 270: 214: 190:Dept. of SC, Ga., Florida 153: 120: 101: 62: 47: 39: 34: 5695:U.S. Sanitary Commission 5606:Battlefield preservation 5512:Marching Through Georgia 5437:Hampton Roads Conference 5412:Confiscation Act of 1862 5407:Confiscation Act of 1861 5183:U.S. national cemeteries 4989:Confederate Memorial Day 4974:Civil War Trails Program 4843:New Orleans riot of 1866 2894:Battle of Pickett's Mill 2633:Jones, Charles C., Jr., 2626:Jones, Charles C., Jr. 2570:Victor, Orville James., 2330:Bombardment of Cherbourg 2214:Gillmore, Q.A. pp.29-32 1967:Victor, Orville James., 1938:Marines in the Civil War 1334: 1067:5 4.2-inch (30-pounder) 1038:4 10-inch siege mortars 811: 225:Several mortally wounded 195:3 warships, 2 transports 5783:Chatham County, Georgia 5616:Confederate war finance 5236:Southern Cross of Honor 5204:1938 Gettysburg reunion 5199:1913 Gettysburg reunion 4897:Reconstruction Treaties 4870:Enforcement Act of 1870 4753:Freedman's Savings Bank 3370:Lane Debates on Slavery 3195:Lincoln–Douglas debates 2976:Battle of Griswoldville 2966:Second Battle of Tilton 2944:Second Battle of Dalton 2587:Memoirs and biographies 2508:St. Simons Island Light 2196:Victor, op.cit., p.106. 1721:1855 navigation chart. 1617:Lattimore, Ralston B., 1510:National Park Service. 1430:Fort Pulaski surrender. 1393:Fort Pulaski under fire 1358:Battle of Hampton Roads 1084:3 10-inch and 1 8-inch 877:, Confederate Commodore 775:Enfield infantry rifles 740:Tybee Island Lighthouse 733:ran the Union Blockade. 698:South Atlantic Squadron 579:1855 navigation chart. 535:Alexander Robert Lawton 465:"Department of Georgia" 332:operations under fire. 204:48 guns of all calibers 175:36 guns of all calibers 173:10,000 officers and men 164:South Atlantic Squadron 161:Department of the South 80:Chatham County, Georgia 5675:Richmond riots of 1863 5601:Baltimore riot of 1861 5381:U.S. Military Railroad 5301:Confederate Home Guard 5033:Historiographic issues 4999:Historical reenactment 3498:Revenue Cutter Service 3365:William Lloyd Garrison 3274:Dred Scott v. Sandford 2954:Battle of Jonesborough 2934:Battle of Brown's Mill 2914:Battle of Pace's Ferry 2874:First Battle of Tilton 2854:First Battle of Dalton 2838:Battle of Ringgold Gap 2802:Great Locomotive Chase 2241:Victor, op. cit. p.108 2223:Gillmore, Q.A. pp. 32 2108:Victor, op. cit. p.106 1863:Elliott, 2008, p. 153. 1549:Official Records, Army 1235: 1227: 1219: 1211: 932: 821: 734: 637: 595:Lee brought Commodore 592: 367:, South Carolina, lay 298:battle of Fort Pulaski 170:Tybee Island besiegers 121:Commanders and leaders 35:Battle of Fort Pulaski 18:Battle of Fort Pulaski 5640:Great Revival of 1863 5517:Maryland, My Maryland 5306:Confederate railroads 4969:Civil War Roundtables 4838:Meridian riot of 1871 4833:Memphis riots of 1866 3390:George Luther Stearns 3375:Elijah Parish Lovejoy 3268:Crittenden Compromise 2929:Battle of Ezra Church 2904:Battle of Kolb's Farm 2879:Battle of Adairsville 2828:Battle of Chickamauga 2807:Siege of Fort Pulaski 2727:32.02729°N 80.89096°W 2441:Cockspur Island Light 2434:NPS Suggested reading 2205:Gillmore, Q.A. pp.28 1692:, March 1 to General 1233: 1225: 1217: 1208:Union siege artillery 1205: 927: 819: 756:Quincy Adams Gillmore 722: 702:capture of Port Royal 631: 578: 556:Joseph Gilbert Totten 296:) concluded with the 290:siege of Fort Pulaski 215:Casualties and losses 199:Fort Pulaski garrison 5527:Daar kom die Alibama 5442:National Union Party 5118:memorials to Lincoln 5038:Lost Cause mythology 4743:Eufaula riot of 1874 4731:Confederate refugees 3944:District of Columbia 3571:Union naval blockade 3417:Underground Railroad 3205:Nullification crisis 3014:Battle of West Point 2939:Battle of Utoy Creek 2674:, 2009. U of Ky Pr. 1958:Elliott, op.cit.p.10 1514:. Viewed 11/10/2011. 640:Savannah's existing 583:mapped left in red, 202:385 officers and men 193:Savannah River Sqdrn 5685:Supreme Court cases 5452:Radical Republicans 5231:Old soldiers' homes 5215:Confederate Veteran 5141:artworks in Capitol 4860:Reconstruction acts 4721:Colfax riot of 1873 3685:Richmond-Petersburg 3290:Fugitive slave laws 3220:Popular sovereignty 3200:Missouri Compromise 3190:Kansas-Nebraska Act 2961:Battle of Allatoona 2732:32.02729; -80.89096 2723: / 2701:Erickson, Ansley. " 2622:Confederate States 2361:Siege of Petersburg 2359:supporting Grant's 1818:“Fort McAllister I” 1325:besieged Charleston 875:Josiah Tattnall III 744:Christopher Rodgers 675:Charles H. Olmstead 455:U.S. Treasury Mints 403:of South Carolina. 397:William H. Crawford 148:Charles H. Olmstead 144:Josiah Tattnall III 5506:A Lincoln Portrait 5447:Politicians killed 5371:U.S. Balloon Corps 5366:Union corps badges 5146:memorials to Davis 5016:Disenfranchisement 4887:Reconstruction era 4768:Timber Culture Act 4726:Compromise of 1877 3690:Franklin–Nashville 3360:Frederick Douglass 3263:Cornerstone Speech 3180:Compromise of 1850 3128:American Civil War 3019:Battle of Columbus 2899:Battle of Marietta 2605:Porter, David D., 2513:2013-06-15 at the 2498:2002-06-03 at the 2459:“Old Fort Jackson” 2396:Black, Robert C. 2148:2011-09-29 at the 2057:2011-09-29 at the 1804:Porter, David D., 1791:2011-09-29 at the 1727:"Old Fort Jackson" 1725:(red, left edge). 1573:2011-10-01 at the 1554:2014-11-28 at the 1497:2011-09-29 at the 1454:2011-09-29 at the 1414:2011-09-29 at the 1262:marched to the sea 1236: 1228: 1220: 1212: 1046:Battery McClellan 933: 822: 791:, in company with 735: 714:Hilton Head Island 638: 593: 585:"Old Fort Jackson" 427:"Old" Fort Jackson 373:lighthouse station 365:Hilton Head Island 344:, South Carolina. 302:American Civil War 135:Quincy A. Gillmore 42:American Civil War 5803:April 1862 events 5760: 5759: 5728: 5727: 5724: 5723: 5558:Italian Americans 5543:African Americans 5500:John Brown's Body 5253: 5252: 5249: 5248: 5166: 5165: 5004:Robert E. Lee Day 4748:Freedmen's Bureau 4711:Brooks–Baxter War 4642: 4641: 4638: 4637: 4634: 4633: 4426: 4425: 4206: 4205: 4202: 4201: 4198: 4197: 3615:Northern Virginia 3561:Trans-Mississippi 3534: 3533: 3429: 3428: 3425: 3424: 3321:Uncle Tom's Cabin 3258:African Americans 3094: 3093: 2924:Battle of Atlanta 2680:978-0-8131-2554-1 2666:978-0-942597-86-8 2617:978-0-8139-2332-1 2580:978-1-149-22724-4 2532:Gillmore, Q. A., 2307:978-0-9748167-3-9 2250:Gillmore, Q. A., 1977:978-1-149-22724-4 1686:Judah P. Benjamin 1535:978-0-7884-2007-8 1171: 1170: 1117:Battery Burnside 653:Thomas W. Sherman 649:Samuel F. Du Pont 283: 282: 231: 230: 115:CSA (Confederacy) 97: 96: 70:April 10–11, 1862 16:(Redirected from 5810: 5750: 5740: 5739: 5563:Native Americans 5548:German Americans 5341:Partisan rangers 5336:Official Records 5276: 5275: 5259: 5258: 5151:memorials to Lee 5098: 5097: 4659: 4658: 4648: 4647: 4435: 4434: 4232: 4231: 4225: 4224: 4212: 4211: 4185:Washington, D.C. 3979:Indian Territory 3939:Dakota Territory 3897: 3896: 3814:Chancellorsville 3605:Jackson's Valley 3595:Blockade runners 3471: 3470: 3464: 3463: 3435: 3434: 3395:Thaddeus Stevens 3385:Lysander Spooner 3345:Susan B. Anthony 3147: 3146: 3136: 3135: 3121: 3114: 3107: 3098: 3097: 3082: 3081: 3072: 3071: 2889:Battle of Dallas 2869:Battle of Resaca 2859:Atlanta campaign 2765: 2758: 2751: 2742: 2741: 2738: 2737: 2735: 2734: 2733: 2728: 2724: 2721: 2720: 2719: 2716: 2451:Third Lighthouse 2418: 2407: 2401: 2394: 2388: 2382: 2376: 2370: 2364: 2339: 2333: 2318: 2312: 2311: 2291: 2285: 2282: 2276: 2273: 2267: 2261: 2255: 2248: 2242: 2239: 2233: 2230: 2224: 2221: 2215: 2212: 2206: 2203: 2197: 2194: 2188: 2185: 2179: 2176: 2170: 2167: 2158: 2140: 2134: 2127: 2121: 2118: 2109: 2106: 2091: 2077: 2071: 2068: 2062: 2022: 2016: 1986: 1980: 1965: 1959: 1956: 1950: 1947: 1941: 1935: 1929: 1925: 1919: 1904: 1898: 1881: 1875: 1870: 1864: 1861: 1855: 1852: 1841: 1827: 1821: 1815: 1809: 1802: 1796: 1783: 1777: 1774: 1768: 1765: 1759: 1756: 1750: 1743: 1737: 1723:City of Savannah 1719: 1713: 1707: 1701: 1698:Alexander Lawton 1694:James H. Trapier 1682: 1676: 1669: 1663: 1662: 1652: 1646: 1643: 1622: 1615: 1609: 1608:Elliott, op.cit. 1606: 1597: 1594: 1588: 1584: 1578: 1565: 1559: 1546: 1540: 1539: 1521: 1515: 1508: 1502: 1487: 1481: 1474: 1468: 1465: 1459: 1446: 1440: 1437: 1431: 1425: 1419: 1406: 1400: 1390: 1374: 1367: 1361: 1354: 1348: 1345: 1289:armored warships 1244:Military fallout 1161:Battery Stanton 1128:Battery Lincoln 1106:Battery Sherman 1095:Battery Halleck 1019: 1018: 1000: 984: 871: 845: 581:City of Savannah 562:Defense in depth 521: 505: 489: 475: 399:of Georgia, and 357:City of Savannah 314:naval operations 265: 257: 250: 243: 234: 233: 127:Samuel F. DuPont 64: 63: 52: 32: 31: 21: 5818: 5817: 5813: 5812: 5811: 5809: 5808: 5807: 5763: 5762: 5761: 5756: 5720: 5704: 5589: 5553:Irish Americans 5531: 5476: 5385: 5376:U.S. Home Guard 5316:Field artillery 5270: 5269: 5245: 5187: 5162: 5124: 5093: 5087: 4979:Civil War Trust 4946: 4940: 4828:Ethnic violence 4813:Kirk–Holden war 4692: 4653: 4630: 4564: 4422: 4366: 4219: 4194: 4148: 3901: 3888: 3719: 3700:Sherman's March 3680:Bermuda Hundred 3575: 3530: 3502: 3458: 3457: 3421: 3380:J. Sella Martin 3350:James G. Birney 3326: 3244: 3170:Bleeding Kansas 3158: 3141: 3130: 3125: 3095: 3090: 3060: 3044: 3023: 2997: 2842: 2811: 2790: 2774: 2769: 2731: 2729: 2725: 2722: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2709: 2703:War for Freedom 2537: 2524: 2522:Further reading 2515:Wayback Machine 2500:Wayback Machine 2493:Fort McAllister 2426: 2421: 2408: 2404: 2395: 2391: 2383: 2379: 2371: 2367: 2340: 2336: 2319: 2315: 2308: 2292: 2288: 2283: 2279: 2274: 2270: 2262: 2258: 2249: 2245: 2240: 2236: 2231: 2227: 2222: 2218: 2213: 2209: 2204: 2200: 2195: 2191: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2173: 2168: 2161: 2150:Wayback Machine 2141: 2137: 2131:“Perry’s Saints 2128: 2124: 2119: 2112: 2107: 2094: 2078: 2074: 2069: 2065: 2059:Wayback Machine 2023: 2019: 1987: 1983: 1966: 1962: 1957: 1953: 1949:Elliot, op.cit. 1948: 1944: 1936: 1932: 1926: 1922: 1905: 1901: 1882: 1878: 1871: 1867: 1862: 1858: 1853: 1844: 1828: 1824: 1816: 1812: 1803: 1799: 1793:Wayback Machine 1784: 1780: 1775: 1771: 1766: 1762: 1757: 1753: 1744: 1740: 1730: 1720: 1716: 1708: 1704: 1683: 1679: 1670: 1666: 1653: 1649: 1644: 1625: 1616: 1612: 1607: 1600: 1595: 1591: 1585: 1581: 1575:Wayback Machine 1566: 1562: 1556:Wayback Machine 1547: 1543: 1536: 1522: 1518: 1509: 1505: 1499:Wayback Machine 1488: 1484: 1475: 1471: 1466: 1462: 1456:Wayback Machine 1447: 1443: 1439:Gillmore, p. 62 1438: 1434: 1426: 1422: 1416:Wayback Machine 1407: 1403: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1378: 1377: 1368: 1364: 1355: 1351: 1346: 1342: 1337: 1291:with ironclads 1268:as much as the 1266:coastal defense 1246: 1241: 1210:at Fort Pulaski 1035:Battery Totten 1012: 1011: 1010: 1009: 1008: 1001: 993: 992: 985: 974: 882: 881: 880: 879: 878: 872: 864: 863: 846: 831: 814: 763:blockade runner 725:blockade runner 710: 708:Federal advance 668:Fort McAllister 618:Fort McAllister 597:Josiah Tattnall 591:at lower right. 564: 528: 522: 513: 508:8-in. gun as a 506: 497: 490: 481: 476: 467: 435:Abraham Lincoln 420:Casimir Pulaski 401:John C. Calhoun 381: 349:Cockspur Island 286: 285: 284: 279: 266: 263: 261: 226: 222:Several wounded 221: 205: 203: 201: 196: 194: 192: 176: 174: 172: 167: 165: 163: 146: 142: 133: 129: 107:United States ( 82: 53: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5816: 5806: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5758: 5757: 5755: 5754: 5744: 5733: 5730: 5729: 5726: 5725: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5718: 5712: 5710: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5702: 5700:Women soldiers 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5655:Naming the war 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5636: 5635: 5625: 5624: 5623: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5597: 5595: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5587: 5586: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5539: 5537: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5486: 5484: 5478: 5477: 5475: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5393: 5391: 5387: 5386: 5384: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5291:Campaign Medal 5288: 5282: 5280: 5272: 5271: 5268: 5267: 5266:Related topics 5263: 5255: 5254: 5251: 5250: 5247: 5246: 5244: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5195: 5193: 5189: 5188: 5186: 5185: 5180: 5174: 5172: 5168: 5167: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5160: 5155: 5154: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5132: 5130: 5126: 5125: 5123: 5122: 5121: 5120: 5115: 5104: 5102: 5095: 5089: 5088: 5086: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5029: 5028: 5023: 5013: 5008: 5007: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4994:Decoration Day 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4950: 4948: 4947:Reconstruction 4942: 4941: 4939: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4927: 4926: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4905: 4904: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4883: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4857: 4856: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4809: 4808: 4803: 4801:second inquiry 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4773: 4772: 4771: 4765: 4758:Homestead Acts 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4739: 4738: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4706:Alabama Claims 4702: 4700: 4698:Reconstruction 4694: 4693: 4691: 4690: 4689: 4688: 4686:15th Amendment 4683: 4681:14th Amendment 4678: 4676:13th Amendment 4667: 4665: 4655: 4654: 4644: 4643: 4640: 4639: 4636: 4635: 4632: 4631: 4629: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4572: 4570: 4566: 4565: 4563: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4441: 4439: 4432: 4428: 4427: 4424: 4423: 4421: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4374: 4372: 4368: 4367: 4365: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4307:J. E. Johnston 4304: 4302:A. S. Johnston 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4242:R. H. Anderson 4238: 4236: 4229: 4221: 4220: 4208: 4207: 4204: 4203: 4200: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4156: 4154: 4150: 4149: 4147: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4104:South Carolina 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4079:North Carolina 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3905: 3903: 3894: 3890: 3889: 3887: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3804:Fredericksburg 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3744:Wilson's Creek 3741: 3736: 3730: 3728: 3721: 3720: 3718: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3586: 3584: 3577: 3576: 3574: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3556:Lower Seaboard 3553: 3548: 3542: 3540: 3536: 3535: 3532: 3531: 3529: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3512: 3510: 3504: 3503: 3501: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3479: 3477: 3468: 3460: 3459: 3456: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3446: 3443: 3439: 3431: 3430: 3427: 3426: 3423: 3422: 3420: 3419: 3414: 3412:Harriet Tubman 3409: 3408: 3407: 3400:Charles Sumner 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3336: 3334: 3328: 3327: 3325: 3324: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3254: 3252: 3246: 3245: 3243: 3242: 3237: 3235:States' rights 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3156: 3150: 3143: 3142: 3132: 3131: 3124: 3123: 3116: 3109: 3101: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3088: 3076: 3065: 3062: 3061: 3059: 3058: 3052: 3050: 3046: 3045: 3043: 3042: 3037: 3031: 3029: 3025: 3024: 3022: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3005: 3003: 2999: 2998: 2996: 2995: 2994: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2957: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2856: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2843: 2841: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2819: 2817: 2813: 2812: 2810: 2809: 2804: 2798: 2796: 2792: 2791: 2789: 2788: 2782: 2780: 2776: 2775: 2768: 2767: 2760: 2753: 2745: 2707: 2706: 2693: 2692: 2682: 2668: 2658: 2642: 2641: 2638: 2631: 2620: 2619: 2609: 2603: 2591:United States 2584: 2583: 2568: 2565: 2558: 2554: 2546: 2539: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2518: 2504: 2503: 2489: 2488: 2482: 2476: 2470: 2463: 2462: 2455: 2454: 2444: 2437: 2436: 2425: 2424:External links 2422: 2420: 2419: 2402: 2389: 2377: 2365: 2334: 2313: 2306: 2286: 2277: 2268: 2256: 2243: 2234: 2225: 2216: 2207: 2198: 2189: 2180: 2171: 2159: 2135: 2122: 2110: 2092: 2072: 2063: 2035:CSS Lady Davis 2017: 1981: 1960: 1951: 1942: 1930: 1920: 1916:USS Pocahontas 1899: 1876: 1865: 1856: 1842: 1822: 1810: 1797: 1778: 1769: 1760: 1751: 1738: 1714: 1702: 1677: 1664: 1647: 1623: 1610: 1598: 1589: 1579: 1560: 1541: 1534: 1516: 1503: 1482: 1469: 1460: 1441: 1432: 1420: 1401: 1397:Savannah River 1384: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1375: 1362: 1349: 1339: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1329: 1328: 1274: 1273: 1258:Union blockade 1252:: The port of 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1169: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1158: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1150:Battery Grant 1147: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1136: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1125: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1114: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1103: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1092: 1091: 1088: 1082: 1081:Battery Scott 1078: 1077: 1074: 1069:Parrott rifles 1065: 1064:Battery Sigel 1061: 1060: 1057: 1047: 1043: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1032: 1031: 1025: 1022: 1002: 995: 994: 989:Parrott Rifles 986: 979: 978: 977: 976: 975: 973: 970: 873: 866: 865: 847: 840: 839: 838: 837: 836: 830: 827: 813: 810: 788:"Old" Savannah 771:Blakely rifles 752:Martello tower 709: 706: 563: 560: 530: 529: 523: 516: 514: 507: 500: 498: 491: 484: 482: 477: 470: 466: 463: 439:James Buchanan 380: 377: 353:Savannah River 281: 280: 278: 277: 271: 268: 267: 260: 259: 252: 245: 237: 229: 228: 223: 217: 216: 212: 211: 210:rifled cannons 186: 156: 155: 154:Units involved 151: 150: 137: 123: 122: 118: 117: 112: 104: 103: 99: 98: 95: 94: 88: 84: 83: 78: 76: 72: 71: 68: 60: 59: 45: 44: 37: 36: 30: 29: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5815: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5770: 5768: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5743: 5735: 5734: 5731: 5717: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5707: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5670:Photographers 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5645:Gender issues 5643: 5641: 5638: 5634: 5631: 5630: 5629: 5626: 5622: 5619: 5618: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5592: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5565: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5540: 5538: 5534: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5507: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5487: 5485: 5483: 5479: 5473: 5472:War Democrats 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5462:Union Leagues 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5394: 5392: 5388: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5361:Turning point 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5331:Naval battles 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5283: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5265: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5216: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5196: 5194: 5190: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5169: 5159: 5156: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5138: 5137: 5134: 5133: 5131: 5127: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5110: 5109: 5106: 5105: 5103: 5099: 5096: 5094:and memorials 5090: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5018: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4956: 4955: 4954:Commemoration 4952: 4951: 4949: 4943: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4925: 4922: 4921: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4903: 4900: 4899: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4862: 4861: 4858: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4830: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4796:first inquiry 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4778: 4777: 4774: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4760: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4737: 4734: 4733: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4716:Carpetbaggers 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4703: 4701: 4699: 4695: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4673: 4672: 4669: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4649: 4645: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4573: 4571: 4567: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4442: 4440: 4436: 4433: 4429: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4369: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4239: 4237: 4233: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4213: 4209: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4151: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4139:West Virginia 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4059:New Hampshire 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4019:Massachusetts 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3898: 3895: 3891: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3759:Hampton Roads 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3749:Fort Donelson 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3722: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3645:Morgan's Raid 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3590:Anaconda Plan 3588: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3578: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3566:Pacific Coast 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3543: 3541: 3537: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3505: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3472: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3453: 3450: 3447: 3444: 3441: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3406: 3403: 3402: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3329: 3323: 3322: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3300:Positive good 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3247: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3215:Panic of 1857 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3175:Border states 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3162: 3160: 3155: 3152: 3151: 3148: 3144: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3122: 3117: 3115: 3110: 3108: 3103: 3102: 3099: 3087: 3086: 3077: 3075: 3067: 3066: 3063: 3057: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3047: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3032: 3030: 3026: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3006: 3004: 3000: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2973: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2861: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2851: 2849: 2845: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2820: 2818: 2814: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2799: 2797: 2793: 2787: 2784: 2783: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2766: 2761: 2759: 2754: 2752: 2747: 2746: 2743: 2739: 2736: 2704: 2700: 2699: 2698: 2697: 2691: 2690:1-57806-462-7 2687: 2683: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2657: 2656:1-4000-4293-3 2653: 2649: 2648: 2647: 2646: 2639: 2636: 2632: 2629: 2625: 2624: 2623: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2608: 2604: 2602: 2601:0-939631-07-5 2598: 2594: 2593: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2552: 2547: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2531: 2530: 2529: 2528: 2516: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2490: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2464: 2460: 2457: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2438: 2435: 2431: 2428: 2427: 2417:. p. 156-177. 2416: 2415:0-306-80367-4 2412: 2406: 2399: 2393: 2386: 2381: 2374: 2369: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2353: 2347: 2343: 2338: 2331: 2327: 2326:0-306-80367-4 2323: 2317: 2309: 2303: 2299: 2298: 2290: 2281: 2272: 2266: 2260: 2253: 2247: 2238: 2229: 2220: 2211: 2202: 2193: 2184: 2175: 2166: 2164: 2157: 2156: 2151: 2147: 2144: 2139: 2132: 2126: 2117: 2115: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2076: 2067: 2060: 2056: 2053: 2049: 2048: 2043: 2042: 2037: 2036: 2031: 2027: 2021: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1985: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1964: 1955: 1946: 1939: 1934: 1924: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1903: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1880: 1874: 1869: 1860: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1840: 1839:0-395-74012-6 1836: 1832: 1826: 1819: 1814: 1807: 1801: 1794: 1790: 1787: 1782: 1773: 1764: 1755: 1748: 1742: 1734: 1728: 1724: 1718: 1711: 1706: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1690:Samuel Cooper 1687: 1681: 1674: 1668: 1660: 1659: 1651: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1620: 1619:“Fort Pulaski 1614: 1605: 1603: 1593: 1583: 1576: 1572: 1569: 1564: 1557: 1553: 1550: 1545: 1537: 1531: 1527: 1520: 1513: 1507: 1500: 1496: 1493: 1486: 1479: 1473: 1464: 1457: 1453: 1450: 1445: 1436: 1429: 1424: 1417: 1413: 1410: 1405: 1398: 1394: 1389: 1385: 1372: 1366: 1359: 1353: 1344: 1340: 1332: 1326: 1322: 1321: 1315: 1314: 1308: 1304: 1303: 1297: 1296: 1290: 1286: 1283: 1282: 1281: 1279: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1248: 1247: 1232: 1224: 1216: 1209: 1204: 1200: 1197: 1196:Parrott Rifle 1191: 1188: 1183: 1179: 1176: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1144: 1141: 1139:Battery Lyon 1138: 1137: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1104: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1093: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1058: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1033: 1030: 1029:Fort Pulaski 1026: 1023: 1021: 1020: 1017: 1016: 1006: 999: 990: 983: 969: 965: 963: 958: 954: 950: 945: 941: 937: 931: 926: 922: 920: 914: 911: 907: 901: 899: 895: 892: 886: 876: 870: 861: 860: 854: 851: 844: 835: 826: 818: 809: 807: 803: 802:"Old Savannah 798: 794: 790: 789: 782: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 759: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 732: 731: 726: 721: 717: 715: 705: 703: 699: 695: 694:Simon Cameron 690: 686: 684: 683:Blakely rifle 680: 676: 671: 669: 665: 660: 658: 654: 650: 647: 643: 635: 632:Rebel-burned 630: 626: 623: 619: 613: 609: 606: 601: 598: 590: 586: 582: 577: 573: 570: 559: 557: 551: 549: 543: 540: 539:Robert E. Lee 536: 527: 520: 515: 511: 504: 499: 495: 488: 483: 480: 474: 469: 468: 462: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 443:John B. Floyd 440: 436: 432: 431:Second System 428: 423: 421: 417: 413: 409: 404: 402: 398: 395:of Virginia, 394: 390: 389:James Madison 386: 376: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 345: 343: 340:to blockaded 338: 333: 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 276: 273: 272: 269: 258: 253: 251: 246: 244: 239: 238: 235: 224: 219: 218: 213: 209: 200: 197: 191: 187: 184: 180: 171: 168: 162: 158: 157: 152: 149: 145: 141: 140:Robert E. Lee 138: 136: 132: 128: 125: 124: 119: 116: 113: 110: 106: 105: 100: 92: 89: 86: 85: 81: 77: 74: 73: 69: 66: 65: 61: 57: 56:Parrott rifle 51: 46: 43: 38: 33: 19: 5611:Bibliography 5594:Other topics 5536:By ethnicity 5504: 5457:Trent Affair 5356:Signal Corps 5213: 4936:White League 4823:Ku Klux Klan 4736:Confederados 4663:Constitution 4535:D. D. Porter 4388:Breckinridge 4099:Rhode Island 4094:Pennsylvania 3849:Spotsylvania 3809:Stones River 3789:2nd Bull Run 3739:1st Bull Run 3625:Stones River 3526:Marine Corps 3493:Marine Corps 3332:Abolitionism 3319: 3272: 3084: 2806: 2708: 2695: 2694: 2644: 2643: 2621: 2590: 2586: 2585: 2526: 2525: 2430:Fort Pulaski 2405: 2397: 2392: 2380: 2368: 2356: 2351: 2345: 2337: 2316: 2296: 2289: 2280: 2271: 2259: 2246: 2237: 2228: 2219: 2210: 2201: 2192: 2183: 2174: 2155:CSS Savannah 2154: 2138: 2125: 2084:David Butler 2075: 2066: 2046: 2040: 2034: 2026:CSS Savannah 2020: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1984: 1963: 1954: 1945: 1933: 1923: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1902: 1891: 1879: 1868: 1859: 1830: 1825: 1813: 1800: 1781: 1772: 1763: 1754: 1741: 1733:Tybee Island 1717: 1705: 1680: 1667: 1657: 1650: 1613: 1592: 1582: 1563: 1544: 1525: 1519: 1506: 1485: 1472: 1463: 1444: 1435: 1423: 1404: 1392: 1388: 1370: 1365: 1352: 1343: 1330: 1319: 1312: 1301: 1294: 1284: 1275: 1249: 1192: 1186: 1184: 1180: 1172: 1071: 1054: 1051:James rifles 1028: 1014: 1013: 966: 952: 949:James rifled 946: 942: 938: 934: 930:Tybee Island 918: 915: 902: 897: 893: 887: 883: 858: 832: 823: 805: 801: 796: 792: 787: 783: 766: 760: 747: 736: 728: 711: 691: 687: 672: 661: 657:David Hunter 646:Flag Officer 642:Fort Jackson 639: 614: 610: 602: 594: 589:Tybee Island 565: 552: 544: 531: 479:Fort Pulaski 424: 405: 393:James Monroe 385:Third System 382: 369:Tybee Island 346: 334: 322:Fort Pulaski 310:Tybee Island 297: 293: 289: 287: 275:Fort Pulaski 227:363 captured 198: 189: 188: 169: 160: 159: 131:David Hunter 102:Belligerents 40:Part of the 5417:Copperheads 5129:Confederate 5021:Black Codes 4347:E. K. Smith 4228:Confederate 4175:New Orleans 4170:Chattanooga 4034:Mississippi 3934:Connecticut 3902:territories 3893:Involvement 3854:Cold Harbor 3844:Fort Pillow 3834:Chattanooga 3829:Chickamauga 3779:Seven Pines 3769:New Orleans 3734:Fort Sumter 3675:Valley 1864 3508:Confederacy 3305:Slave Power 3285:Fire-Eaters 3035:Confederate 2730: / 2467:CSS Georgia 2030:CSS Sampson 2013:USS Atlanta 1997:CSS Atlanta 1298:(1862) and 1285:Confederate 1278:Fort Fisher 972:Bombardment 859:Water Witch 850:sidewheeler 569:stone fleet 459:Fort Sumter 326:rifled guns 318:Confederate 5767:Categories 5650:Juneteenth 5171:Cemeteries 5048:Red Shirts 4959:Centennial 4909:Red Shirts 4317:Longstreet 4247:Beauregard 4190:Winchester 4165:Charleston 4134:Washington 4069:New Mexico 4064:New Jersey 3924:California 3900:States and 3884:Five Forks 3869:Mobile Bay 3839:Wilderness 3819:Gettysburg 3799:Perryville 3784:Seven Days 3715:Appomattox 3640:Gettysburg 3600:New Mexico 3467:Combatants 3442:Combatants 3355:John Brown 2718:80°53′27″W 2715:32°01′38″N 2696:Curriculum 2645:Monographs 1912:USS Seneca 1381:References 1086:columbiads 962:columbiads 829:Approaches 723:Like this 679:columbiads 634:Lighthouse 412:John Tyler 408:Washington 379:Background 342:Charleston 330:amphibious 308:forces on 5628:Espionage 5422:Diplomacy 5390:Political 5346:POW camps 5092:Monuments 4919:Scalawags 4914:Redeemers 4652:Aftermath 4601:Pinkerton 4540:Rosecrans 4505:McClellan 4408:Memminger 4144:Wisconsin 4109:Tennessee 4029:Minnesota 4004:Louisiana 3879:Nashville 3824:Vicksburg 3754:Pea Ridge 3705:Carolinas 3660:Red River 3655:Knoxville 3635:Tullahoma 3630:Vicksburg 3610:Peninsula 3582:campaigns 3448:Campaigns 3225:Secession 2009:Weehawken 1311:USS 1239:Aftermath 1027:Range to 1024:Armament 910:telegraph 891:steamboat 761:The last 526:ricochets 416:John Bell 5742:Category 5583:Seminole 5573:Cherokee 5326:Medicine 5279:Military 5192:Veterans 5026:Jim Crow 4791:timeline 4586:Ericsson 4569:Civilian 4550:Sheridan 4510:McDowell 4470:Farragut 4455:Burnside 4445:Anderson 4438:Military 4418:Stephens 4378:Benjamin 4371:Civilian 4257:Buchanan 4235:Military 4180:Richmond 4129:Virginia 4074:New York 4049:Nebraska 4039:Missouri 4024:Michigan 4014:Maryland 3999:Kentucky 3974:Illinois 3949:Delaware 3929:Colorado 3914:Arkansas 3874:Franklin 3794:Antietam 3665:Overland 3620:Maryland 3539:Theaters 3445:Theaters 3074:Category 2527:Archives 2511:Archived 2496:Archived 2146:Archived 2055:Archived 2041:Resolute 1908:USS Flag 1896:Ironclad 1789:Archived 1587:Pulaski. 1571:Archived 1552:Archived 1495:Archived 1452:Archived 1412:Archived 1371:pancoupè 1302:Savannah 1254:Savannah 1005:casemate 957:Parrotts 953:pancoupé 919:Savannah 793:Resolute 779:gunboats 664:monitors 548:garrison 494:barbette 451:arsenals 337:blockade 292:(or the 220:1 killed 179:Parrotts 75:Location 5709:Related 5578:Choctaw 5568:Catawba 5351:Rations 5296:Cavalry 5158:Removal 4786:efforts 4770:of 1873 4616:Stevens 4611:Stanton 4596:Lincoln 4555:Sherman 4490:Halleck 4480:Frémont 4465:Du Pont 4403:Mallory 4362:Wheeler 4297:Jackson 4277:Forrest 4217:Leaders 4160:Atlanta 4124:Vermont 4044:Montana 3984:Indiana 3959:Georgia 3954:Florida 3919:Arizona 3909:Alabama 3859:Atlanta 3774:Corinth 3726:battles 3670:Atlanta 3650:Bristoe 3551:Western 3546:Eastern 3451:Battles 3250:Slavery 3154:Origins 3140:Origins 3085:Commons 3056:Atlanta 2357:Atlanta 2352:Atlanta 2047:CSS Ida 2001:Atlanta 1749:(1961). 1320:Georgia 1313:Montauk 1307:torpedo 1295:Atlanta 1175:squalls 853:gunboat 806:Sampson 797:Sampson 622:battery 605:gunboat 447:Lincoln 371:with a 361:arsenal 208:Blakely 93:victory 5752:Portal 5690:Tokens 4626:Welles 4606:Seward 4591:Hamlin 4560:Thomas 4495:Hooker 4460:Butler 4413:Seddon 4398:Hunter 4383:Bocock 4357:Taylor 4352:Stuart 4342:Semmes 4322:Morgan 4282:Gorgas 4262:Cooper 4153:Cities 4089:Oregon 4054:Nevada 3994:Kansas 3964:Hawaii 3864:Crater 3764:Shiloh 3724:Major 3710:Mobile 3580:Major 3454:States 3405:Caning 3049:Places 2688: 2678: 2664: 2654: 2615: 2599: 2578: 2413: 2346:Fingal 2324: 2304: 2005:Nahant 1993:Fingal 1975: 1892:Fingal 1837: 1532: 1187:Wabash 855:, the 767:Fingal 746:, USS 730:Fingal 510:mortar 320:-held 185:rifles 87:Result 5495:Dixie 5482:Music 5101:Union 4945:Post- 4781:trial 4581:Chase 4576:Adams 4545:Scott 4520:Meigs 4515:Meade 4485:Grant 4475:Foote 4450:Buell 4431:Union 4393:Davis 4337:Price 4327:Mosby 4272:Ewell 4267:Early 4252:Bragg 4114:Texas 4009:Maine 3969:Idaho 3475:Union 3040:Union 3028:Units 1335:Notes 1250:Union 1173:Rain 1003:Fort 812:Siege 429:, a " 306:Union 183:James 109:Union 91:Union 5680:Salt 5286:Arms 5136:List 5108:List 4621:Wade 4530:Pope 4500:Hunt 4332:Polk 4292:Hood 4287:Hill 4119:Utah 4084:Ohio 3989:Iowa 3521:Navy 3516:Army 3488:Navy 3483:Army 3002:1865 2847:1864 2816:1863 2795:1862 2779:1861 2686:ISBN 2676:ISBN 2662:ISBN 2652:ISBN 2613:ISBN 2597:ISBN 2576:ISBN 2557:D.C. 2411:ISBN 2350:CSS 2344:The 2322:ISBN 2302:ISBN 2007:and 1973:ISBN 1914:and 1835:ISBN 1530:ISBN 1318:CSS 1300:CSS 1293:CSS 906:boom 857:CSS 795:and 786:CSS 748:Flag 496:guns 312:and 288:The 181:, 5 67:Date 4525:Ord 4312:Lee 2032:, 898:Ida 894:Ida 453:or 5769:: 2574:. 2162:^ 2113:^ 2095:^ 2050:, 2044:, 2038:, 2028:, 1971:. 1910:, 1845:^ 1626:^ 1601:^ 1369:A 1053:) 848:A 727:, 659:. 304:. 206:2 177:5 3120:e 3113:t 3106:v 2764:e 2757:t 2750:v 2553:. 2545:. 2536:. 2453:. 2363:. 2332:. 2310:. 1918:. 1700:. 1538:. 1360:. 375:. 256:e 249:t 242:v 111:) 20:)

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Knowledge

Siege of Fort Pulaski

Index