268:
20:
93:
is much harder than bone and was used for flakers, points, knives and hair combs. Even the teeth and hooves did not go to waste. The teeth were drilled and used for decoration on clothing and necklaces. The hooves were also drilled and used for decoration on clothing as well as strung for rattles and bells.
200:
An awl is a long, pointed spike generally used for piercing or marking materials such as wood or leather. Bone awls are pointed tips made on any bone splinter. Bone awls vary considerably in the amount of polish from wear, the method of preparation, and size. Bone awls tend to be classified according
213:
Bone spear points and bipoints have been found throughout the world. A mastodon rib bone found in
Washington State was discovered in the 1970s with a broken bone projectile point stuck in it. A 2011 study using radiocarbon dating found that it is about 14,000 years old. This discovery is significant
239:
A number of different musical instruments have been created from bone. A vulture-bone flute discovered in Europe is currently considered the world's oldest musical instrument. At about 40,000 years old, the instrument dates to the time that modern humans were settling in the area. Researchers argue
92:
The bone was fashioned into tools such as spoons, knives, awls, pins, fish hooks, needles, flakers, hide scrapers and reamers. They made musical rasps, flutes and whistles as well as toys of bone. Decoratively carved articles were also made of bone such as hair combs, hair pins and pendants. Antler
226:
were common cultivating tools among the Plains
Village Indians. In particular, it was used for cultivating small garden crops. It continued to be used among these Indians until iron hoes were brought by French traders in the 18th century. Recovered bone hoes range from 40 cm to as small as
453:
Henshilwood, Christopher S.; D'errico, Francesco; Marean, Curtis W.; Milo, Richard G.; Yates, Royden (2001). "An early bone tool industry from the Middle Stone Age at
Blombos Cave, South Africa: implications for the origins of modern human behaviour, symbolism and language".
128:
The oldest excavated bone tools are from Africa, dated to about 1.5 million years ago. It is widely accepted that they appeared and developed in Africa before any other geographic region. A very famous excavation of bone tools is that of the
489:
Soressi, Marie; McPherron, Shannon P.; Lenoir, M.; Dogandzic, T.; Goldberg, P.; Jacobs, Z.; Maigrot, Y.; Martisius, N. L.; Miller, C. E.; Rendu, W.; Richards, M.; Skinner, M. M.; Steele, T. E.; Talamo, S.; Texier, J.-P.; et al. (2013).
572:
Waters, Michael R.; Stafford, Thomas W.; McDonald, H. Gregory; Gustafson, Carl; Rasmussen, Morten; Cappellini, Enrico; Olsen, Jesper V.; Szklarczyk, Damian; Jensen, Lars Juhl; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; Willerslev, Eske (2011-10-21).
163:
A recent discovery of specialized bone tools at two
Neanderthal sites in southwestern France brings to light the idea that Neanderthals may have actually taught modern humans how to make specialized bone tools. The uncovering of
205:, or rounded end of a bone. Although authors have differing theories as to the uses of bone awls, the two main uses agreed upon are as manipulators in the making of basketry and as perforators in the working of hide.
637:
89:
Bone tools had mainly been made from bone splinters or were cut into a useful shape. Archaeologists are convinced that bone tools were purposefully made by deer antlers cut into shape.
104:
recoverable. However, under the right conditions, bone tools do sometimes survive and many have been recovered from locations around the world representing time periods throughout
829:
d'Errico, F.; ZilhĂŁo, J.; Baffier, D.; Julien; Pelegrin, J. (1998). "Neanderthal acculturation in
Western Europe? A critical review of the evidence and its interpretation".
160:, viewing bone as simply another raw material. Modern humans, on the other hand, took advantage of the properties of bone and worked them into specific shapes and tools.
689:
227:
15 cm. The size variation is due, in large part, to frequent resharpening. Bone tools were also used for digging up insect mounds for consumption, known as
175:(when machine mass production of sharp tools became viable), many everyday tools such as needles were made from bone; such items continue to be valued today as
645:
240:
that musical instruments such as this flute helped modern humans form tighter social bonds, giving them an advantage over their
Neanderthal counterparts.
2240:
66:
and long bones provide some of the best working material. Long bone fragments can be shaped, by scraping against an abrasive stone, into such items as
247:
consist of a pair of animal bones that are played by clacking the bones together. As a musical instrument, they have a history that dates to ancient
879:
2637:
2378:
1974:
760:
168:("polishing stones") at these sites is significant as they are about 51,000 years old, predating the known arrival of modern humans to Europe.
2593:
2102:
2425:
1876:
424:
659:
2734:
800:
d'Errico, F.; Henshilwood, C.S. (2007). "Additional evidence for bone technology in the southern
African Middle Stone Age".
743:
Backwell, L.; Errico, F. (2004). "The first use of bone tools: a reappraisal of the evidence from
Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania".
62:
societies, even when other materials were readily available. Any part of the skeleton can potentially be utilized; however,
872:
697:
156:. Archaeologists have long believed that Neanderthals learned how to make bone tools from modern humans and by mimicking
2003:
909:
386:
712:
2210:
2097:
755:
Baffier, D. & Julien, M. (1990). "L'outillage en os des niveaux châtelperroniens d'Arcy-sur-Cure (Yonne)", in:
137:
levels at
Blombos Cave. Careful analyses of these tools reveal that formal production methods were used to create
2622:
2013:
1051:
865:
2235:
1765:
1025:
1093:
2230:
1770:
1243:
919:
771:
d'Errico, F.; Backwell, L. (2003). "Possible evidence of bone tool shaping by
Swartkrans early hominids".
214:
because it predates the arrival of the Clovis people, and may help rewrite human history in the Americas.
1196:
2498:
2299:
2304:
2119:
153:
2493:
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1130:
352:
117:
1657:
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133:
in South Africa. A collection of twenty-eight bone tools were recovered from 70 thousand year old
2610:
2520:
1692:
1459:
1278:
1211:
943:
138:
2739:
2698:
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2178:
2069:
2057:
1753:
1494:
1333:
970:
904:
888:
2437:
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1940:
1866:
1640:
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1512:
1449:
1397:
1390:
936:
228:
172:
1822:
551:"Bone tool types and microwear patterns: Some examples from the Pampa region, South America"
39:. A bone tool can conceivably be created from almost any bone, and in a variety of methods.
2703:
2654:
2649:
2632:
2627:
2605:
2395:
2109:
1962:
1854:
1758:
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1236:
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978:
780:
586:
503:
19:
1206:
432:
8:
2693:
2358:
2163:
1996:
1529:
1402:
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1258:
784:
667:
590:
507:
267:
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1444:
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1140:
846:
618:
526:
491:
244:
792:
574:
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2190:
1484:
1469:
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958:
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471:
382:
622:
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2114:
1914:
1834:
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838:
809:
788:
594:
521:
511:
463:
142:
134:
2173:
2129:
201:
to the characteristics of the bone used to make the awl. Many bone awls retain an
2562:
2532:
2294:
2222:
2200:
2158:
2053:
2023:
1888:
1883:
1534:
1417:
988:
813:
59:
2671:
2598:
2420:
2385:
2316:
2205:
2077:
1785:
1370:
1360:
1181:
1162:
496:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
271:
Sites that yielded eyed bone needles dating between 45,000 and 25,000 years old
256:
97:
2728:
2557:
2542:
2488:
2466:
2363:
2351:
2267:
2136:
2018:
1979:
1967:
1955:
1667:
1578:
1507:
1248:
1191:
1169:
1078:
1010:
1005:
983:
606:
330:
325:
252:
248:
79:
75:
1098:
598:
575:"Pre-Clovis Mastodon Hunting 13,800 Years Ago at the Manis Site, Washington"
516:
403:
2476:
2432:
2413:
2368:
2168:
2092:
1849:
1844:
1800:
1427:
1309:
1273:
1253:
1105:
1083:
995:
821:
614:
535:
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467:
347:
130:
44:
2525:
165:
2515:
2505:
2461:
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2408:
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2183:
2153:
2028:
1950:
1871:
1859:
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1407:
1355:
1288:
1125:
1000:
857:
357:
184:
180:
149:
113:
50:
28:
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2326:
2289:
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2148:
1735:
1647:
1474:
1375:
1348:
1268:
1066:
1020:
931:
899:
157:
109:
101:
757:
Paléolithique moyen récent et Paléolithique supérieur ancien en Europe
2567:
2336:
2321:
1919:
1904:
1829:
1812:
1730:
1615:
1556:
1546:
1464:
1343:
1231:
1157:
924:
914:
280:
202:
83:
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2124:
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1817:
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1600:
1422:
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1365:
842:
335:
550:
2403:
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2141:
2087:
1909:
1715:
1625:
1479:
1380:
1338:
1201:
1120:
1073:
1061:
759:, Colloque international de Nemours (9-11 mai 1988), MĂ©moires du
717:
452:
276:
223:
176:
105:
2471:
2008:
1986:
1839:
1775:
1720:
1110:
1088:
1056:
1030:
828:
571:
488:
295:
285:
63:
492:"Neanderthals made the first specialized bone tools in Europe"
2537:
2257:
1991:
1945:
1807:
1662:
1610:
1186:
1152:
558:
290:
71:
67:
2483:
2444:
1924:
1780:
1710:
1630:
1502:
1015:
320:
55:
36:
1795:
1561:
1519:
300:
799:
770:
713:"Why Papuan Men Made Daggers From Human Thigh Bones"
42:Bone tools have been documented from the advent of
148:Bone tools have been discovered in the context of
2726:
152:groups as well as throughout the development of
58:has been used for making tools by virtually all
429:Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program
100:, bone often does not survive in a way that is
742:
873:
690:"Bone Flute Is Oldest Instrument, Study Says"
208:
116:, and some traditional peoples, as well as
887:
880:
866:
555:Methods and Interpretations in Worked Bone
548:
525:
515:
112:. Also many examples have been collected
635:
266:
18:
710:
2727:
549:Buc, Natacha; Loponte, Daniel (2007).
401:
234:
120:, continue to use bone to make tools.
2051:
1690:
956:
861:
376:
2052:
761:Musée de Préhistoire d'Ile-de-France
687:
13:
736:
14:
2751:
2004:Megalithic architectural elements
773:Journal of Archaeological Science
711:Dvorsky, George (24 April 2018).
1691:
2623:Evolutionary origin of religion
704:
681:
652:
642:National Geographic Daily News
629:
565:
542:
482:
446:
425:"Early humans make bone tools"
417:
395:
370:
262:
1:
2735:Archaeological artefact types
2236:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
1766:British megalith architecture
793:10.1016/s0305-4403(03)00052-9
363:
2231:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
1771:Nordic megalith architecture
814:10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.08.003
7:
341:
118:experimental archaeologists
10:
2756:
2379:British Isles and Brittany
2300:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
802:Journal of Human Evolution
456:Journal of Human Evolution
222:Hoes fashioned from bison
154:anatomically modern humans
123:
54:contexts or even earlier.
2581:
2394:
2221:
2068:
2064:
2047:
1933:
1897:
1746:
1703:
1699:
1686:
1493:
1324:
1297:
1222:
1148:
1139:
1044:
969:
965:
957:
952:
895:
402:Nelson, Susan K. (2009).
209:Spear points and bipoints
694:National Geographic News
636:Handwerk, Brian (2011).
353:Paleolithic tally sticks
190:
48:and are also known from
2611:Evolutionary musicology
2014:Oldest extant buildings
1941:Archaeological features
1460:Prepared-core technique
745:Palaeontologia Africana
599:10.1126/science.1207663
517:10.1073/pnas.1302730110
217:
195:
35:is a tool created from
2573:Unchambered long cairn
2421:Mound Builders culture
1754:Neolithic architecture
889:Prehistoric technology
468:10.1006/jhev.2001.0515
272:
24:
16:Tool created from bone
2248:List of Stone Age art
1450:Microblade technology
1398:Langdale axe industry
996:Ard / plough
270:
173:Industrial Revolution
51:Homo neanderthalensis
22:
2655:Prehistoric medicine
2650:Prehistoric counting
2633:Prehistoric religion
2628:Paleolithic religion
2606:Behavioral modernity
1963:Causewayed enclosure
1855:Abri de la Madeleine
979:Neolithic Revolution
831:Current Anthropology
688:Owen, James (2009).
660:"Bison Scapula Hoes"
648:on October 22, 2011.
377:Wymer, John (1982).
311:Arrow-shaft wrenches
2694:Prehistoric warfare
1440:Magdalenian culture
1403:Levallois technique
1334:Earliest toolmaking
785:2003JArSc..30.1559D
591:2011Sci...334..351W
561:. pp. 143–157.
508:2013PNAS..11014186S
379:The Paleolithic Age
235:Musical instruments
2645:Origin of language
2638:Spiritual drug use
2548:Rectangular dolmen
2450:Dartmoor kistvaens
2263:Carved stone balls
1975:Circular enclosure
1934:Other architecture
1877:Alp pile dwellings
1465:Solutrean industry
1376:Gravettian culture
1026:Secondary products
273:
183:are still used by
25:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2667:Prehistoric music
2616:music archaeology
2273:Cup and ring mark
2098:Clothing/textiles
2043:
2042:
2039:
2038:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1485:Yubetsu technique
1470:Striking platform
1435:Lithic technology
1320:
1319:
1305:Game drive system
1224:Projectile points
1116:Mortar and pestle
779:(12): 1559–1576.
700:on June 27, 2009.
585:(6054): 351–353.
404:"Deer Bone Tools"
143:projectile points
2747:
2682:Divje Babe flute
2589:Archaeoastronomy
2332:Petrosomatoglyph
2066:
2065:
2049:
2048:
1898:Water management
1701:
1700:
1688:
1687:
1591:Denticulate tool
1413:Lithic reduction
1146:
1145:
967:
966:
954:
953:
882:
875:
868:
859:
858:
854:
825:
796:
752:
730:
729:
727:
725:
708:
702:
701:
696:. Archived from
685:
679:
678:
676:
675:
666:. Archived from
656:
650:
649:
644:. Archived from
633:
627:
626:
569:
563:
562:
546:
540:
539:
529:
519:
502:(35): 14186–90.
486:
480:
479:
450:
444:
443:
441:
440:
431:. Archived from
421:
415:
414:
408:
399:
393:
392:
374:
308:Quill flatteners
135:Middle Stone Age
114:ethnographically
102:archaeologically
98:organic material
2755:
2754:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2710:
2577:
2563:Stone box grave
2533:Megalithic tomb
2438:Cotswold-Severn
2390:
2295:Guardian stones
2223:Prehistoric art
2217:
2060:
2035:
2024:Timber trackway
1929:
1893:
1889:Wattle and daub
1742:
1721:Standing stones
1695:
1674:
1489:
1316:
1293:
1218:
1135:
1045:Food processing
1040:
989:New World crops
961:
948:
891:
886:
739:
737:Further reading
734:
733:
723:
721:
709:
705:
686:
682:
673:
671:
658:
657:
653:
634:
630:
570:
566:
547:
543:
487:
483:
451:
447:
438:
436:
423:
422:
418:
411:Deer Bone Tools
406:
400:
396:
389:
375:
371:
366:
344:
265:
237:
220:
211:
198:
193:
126:
60:hunter-gatherer
17:
12:
11:
5:
2753:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2696:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2672:Alligator drum
2664:
2663:
2662:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2608:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2599:lunar calendar
2596:
2585:
2583:
2582:Other cultural
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
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2442:
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2430:
2429:
2428:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2400:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2386:Venus figurine
2383:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2317:Megalithic art
2314:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2275:
2270:
2268:Cave paintings
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2244:
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2233:
2227:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
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2176:
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2151:
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2144:
2134:
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2132:
2127:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2070:Material goods
2062:
2061:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1972:
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1960:
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1857:
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1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1793:
1788:
1786:Cliff dwelling
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
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1733:
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1467:
1462:
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1442:
1437:
1432:
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1430:
1425:
1420:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1371:Fire hardening
1368:
1363:
1361:Clovis culture
1358:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1330:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1284:Manis Mastodon
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1228:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1184:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1163:throwing stick
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
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929:
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922:
917:
912:
907:
896:
893:
892:
885:
884:
877:
870:
862:
856:
855:
843:10.1086/204689
826:
808:(2): 142–163.
797:
768:
753:
738:
735:
732:
731:
703:
680:
651:
628:
564:
541:
481:
462:(6): 631–678.
445:
416:
394:
387:
381:. Croom Helm.
368:
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355:
350:
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328:
323:
318:
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309:
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301:Pin-like tools
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264:
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236:
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219:
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197:
194:
192:
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125:
122:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2752:
2741:
2740:Bone products
2738:
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2733:
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2705:
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2574:
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2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2558:Simple dolmen
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2543:Passage grave
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2527:
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2514:
2512:
2509:
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2500:
2497:
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2490:
2489:Gallery grave
2487:
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2404:Burial mounds
2402:
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2399:
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2387:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2370:
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2364:Statue menhir
2362:
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2352:Stone carving
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2199:
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2191:Sewing needle
2189:
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2020:
2019:Timber circle
2017:
2015:
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2007:
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2002:
1998:
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1985:
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1968:Tor enclosure
1966:
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1956:fulacht fiadh
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1234:
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1225:
1221:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1192:spear-thrower
1190:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1170:Bow and arrow
1168:
1164:
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1080:
1079:Grinding slab
1077:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1064:
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1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1011:Domestication
1009:
1007:
1006:Digging stick
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
990:
987:
985:
984:Founder crops
982:
981:
980:
977:
976:
974:
972:
968:
964:
960:
955:
951:
945:
942:
938:
935:
934:
933:
930:
926:
925:New Stone Age
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
902:
901:
898:
897:
894:
890:
883:
878:
876:
871:
869:
864:
863:
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852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
769:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
741:
740:
720:
719:
714:
707:
699:
695:
691:
684:
670:on 2013-05-25
669:
665:
661:
655:
647:
643:
639:
632:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
568:
560:
556:
552:
545:
537:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
485:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
449:
435:on 2020-11-26
434:
430:
426:
420:
412:
405:
398:
390:
388:9780709927105
384:
380:
373:
369:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
345:
337:
334:
332:
331:Bow and Arrow
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:Hide grainers
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
278:
275:
274:
269:
260:
258:
254:
250:
246:
243:In addition,
241:
232:
230:
225:
215:
206:
204:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
171:Prior to the
169:
167:
161:
159:
155:
151:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
121:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
94:
90:
87:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
52:
47:
46:
40:
38:
34:
30:
21:
2499:wedge-shaped
2484:Funeral pyre
2477:Great dolmen
2433:Chamber tomb
2414:Round barrow
2369:Stone circle
2241:Blombos Cave
2169:Grooved ware
2093:Chalcolithic
1997:Thornborough
1915:Flush toilet
1850:Blombos Cave
1845:Rock shelter
1801:Quiggly hole
1693:Architecture
1668:illustration
1541:
1310:Buffalo jump
1131:Storage pits
1094:Aşıklı Höyük
1084:Ground stone
920:Subdivisions
834:
830:
805:
801:
776:
772:
764:
756:
748:
744:
722:. Retrieved
716:
706:
698:the original
693:
683:
672:. Retrieved
668:the original
664:OK Artifacts
663:
654:
646:the original
641:
631:
582:
578:
567:
554:
544:
499:
495:
484:
459:
455:
448:
437:. Retrieved
433:the original
428:
419:
410:
397:
378:
372:
348:Blombos Cave
242:
238:
221:
212:
199:
181:Bone folders
170:
162:
147:
131:Blombos Cave
127:
95:
91:
88:
49:
45:Homo sapiens
43:
41:
32:
26:
2521:unchambered
2516:Long barrow
2506:Grave goods
2462:Court cairn
2457:Clava cairn
2409:Bowl barrow
2347:Rock cupule
2290:Golden hats
2283:Hill figure
2184:Unstan ware
2164:Cord-marked
2029:Sweet Track
1951:Burnt mound
1872:Stilt house
1860:Sibudu Cave
1653:Tally stick
1621:Quern-stone
1606:Hammerstone
1596:Fire plough
1567:Pesse canoe
1525:Bannerstone
1495:Other tools
1408:Lithic core
1356:Aurignacian
1244:Bare Island
1126:Quern-stone
638:"Bone Deep"
358:Bone folder
263:Other types
229:Entomophagy
185:bookbinders
158:stone tools
150:Neanderthal
29:archaeology
2729:Categories
2660:trepanning
2553:Ring cairn
2511:Jar burial
2494:transepted
2426:U.S. sites
2327:Petroglyph
2253:Bird stone
2211:wine press
1884:Stone roof
1867:Roundhouse
1759:long house
1736:Stonehenge
1704:Ceremonial
1648:Stone tool
1475:Tool stone
1445:Metallurgy
1349:Mousterian
1326:Toolmaking
1264:Cumberland
1237:Transverse
1207:Schöningen
1099:Qesem cave
1067:Earth oven
1021:Irrigation
932:Technology
900:Prehistory
767:, 329–334.
674:2013-11-15
439:2019-01-08
364:References
110:prehistory
84:fish hooks
2704:symbolism
2568:Tor cairn
2526:Grønsalen
2467:Cremation
2359:Sculpture
2337:Pictogram
2322:Petroform
2142:amber use
2110:Cosmetics
1920:Reservoir
1905:Check dam
1835:Pueblitos
1830:Pit-house
1813:Longhouse
1747:Dwellings
1616:Microlith
1547:Bow drill
1542:Bone tool
1535:prismatic
1344:Acheulean
1259:Cresswell
1232:Arrowhead
1158:Boomerang
1074:Granaries
1036:Terracing
915:Stone Age
851:144799519
751:: 89–152.
607:0036-8075
305:Smoothers
281:fishhooks
203:epiphysis
33:bone tool
2342:Rock art
2305:painting
2278:Geoglyph
2103:timeline
2083:Beadwork
1823:Mehrgarh
1818:Mudbrick
1726:megalith
1601:Fire-saw
1423:debitage
1418:analysis
1386:Hand axe
1366:Cupstone
944:Glossary
905:Timeline
837:: 1–44.
822:16996574
724:25 April
623:26346378
615:22021854
536:23940333
476:11782112
342:See also
314:Fleshers
277:Harpoons
177:antiques
166:lissoirs
74:points,
23:Bone awl
2699:Symbols
2310:pigment
2196:Weaving
2159:Cardium
2154:Pottery
2149:Mirrors
2137:Jewelry
2078:Baskets
2058:culture
1910:Cistern
1716:Pyramid
1658:Weapons
1636:Scraper
1626:Racloir
1586:Cleaver
1574:Chopper
1480:Uniface
1391:Grooves
1381:Hafting
1339:Oldowan
1298:Systems
1249:Cascade
1212:woomera
1202:harpoon
1175:history
1141:Hunting
1121:Pottery
1062:Cooking
971:Farming
937:history
910:Outline
781:Bibcode
718:Gizmodo
587:Bibcode
579:Science
527:3761603
504:Bibcode
326:Needles
296:Daggers
286:Sickles
224:scapula
124:History
106:history
76:needles
64:antlers
2677:flutes
2472:Dolmen
2396:Burial
2206:winery
2179:Linear
2009:Midden
1987:Cursus
1980:Goseck
1840:Pueblo
1791:Dugout
1776:Burdei
1455:Mining
1279:Lamoka
1274:Folsom
1254:Clovis
1111:Metate
1089:Hearth
1057:Basket
1031:Sickle
849:
820:
621:
613:
605:
534:
524:
474:
385:
336:Snares
291:Knives
257:Greece
96:As an
82:, and
2594:sites
2538:Mummy
2258:Cairn
2174:JĹŤmon
2125:shoes
2120:Hides
1992:Henge
1946:Broch
1808:Jacal
1663:Wheel
1611:Knife
1557:Canoe
1552:Burin
1530:Blade
1428:flake
1289:Plano
1197:baton
1187:Spear
1153:Arrow
1106:Manos
959:Tools
847:S2CID
619:S2CID
559:INAPL
407:(PDF)
321:Beads
253:Egypt
249:China
245:bones
191:Types
72:spear
68:arrow
2687:gudi
2445:Cist
2374:list
2201:Wine
2130:Ă–tzi
2115:Glue
2088:Beds
2056:and
2054:Arts
1925:Well
1781:Cave
1711:Kiva
1641:side
1631:Rope
1579:tool
1513:bone
1503:Adze
1269:Eden
1182:Nets
1052:Fire
1016:Goad
1001:Celt
818:PMID
726:2018
611:PMID
603:ISSN
532:PMID
472:PMID
383:ISBN
279:and
255:and
218:Hoes
196:Awls
141:and
139:awls
108:and
80:awls
70:and
56:Bone
37:bone
31:, a
1796:Hut
1731:row
1562:Oar
1520:Axe
1508:Awl
839:doi
810:doi
789:doi
595:doi
583:334
522:PMC
512:doi
500:110
464:doi
27:In
2731::
845:.
835:39
833:.
816:.
806:52
804:.
787:.
777:30
775:.
763:,
749:40
747:.
715:.
692:.
662:.
640:.
617:.
609:.
601:.
593:.
581:.
577:.
557:.
553:.
530:.
520:.
510:.
498:.
494:.
470:.
460:41
458:.
427:.
409:.
259:.
251:,
231:.
187:.
179:.
145:.
86:.
78:,
881:e
874:t
867:v
853:.
841::
824:.
812::
795:.
791::
783::
765:3
728:.
677:.
625:.
597::
589::
538:.
514::
506::
478:.
466::
442:.
413:.
391:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
