609:
CGN's ambitions in the UK were "an important step" in presenting the
Chinese group's technology to the world, and that "All CGN wanted from the UK was the prestige and endorsement". With CGN being the lead partner in the Bradwell project, Thomas said that UK approval "will be a political decision" as to whether the project continues. Thomas also said that if the project is cancelled, it could threaten CGN's involvement in Hinkley Point C and Sizewell C depending on whether it wants to "punish" the UK or not. In September 2020, following Hitachi's decision to withdraw from the
2266:
646:
632:
660:
563:
nuclear material in a manner that is in clear breach of US law." As a result of this, the USA has expressed concern over CGN taking a stake in the UK's nuclear industry, and is strongly opposed to the
Bradwell B project as CGN will be the main developer in the project, whereas in past projects it has been a funding partner.
274:, as well as Bradwell B, which led to EDF Energy taking a majority share in both the Hinkley Point C and Sizewell C projects and CGN taking a 66.5% majority share in the Bradwell B project. The agreement also led to CGN bringing its own technology to the Bradwell B project, with the Chinese designed and developed
578:
reported on 6 August 2020 that a group of 'rebel
Conservative MPs' are now turning their attention to the Bradwell B project as well as CGN's involvement in the Sizewell C project, following success at reversing the government's stance on Huawei. The article claimed that at a private meeting with MPs
562:
has discovered evidence that China
General Nuclear Power (CGN) has been engaged in a conspiracy to steal US nuclear secrets stretching back almost two decades. Both CGN and one of the corporation's senior advisers, Szuhsiung Ho, have been charged with conspiring to help the Chinese government develop
254:
In
January 2008, the UK government gave the go ahead to construct new nuclear power stations in the UK, with all sites being located adjacent to existing power stations. The government followed this decision in 2010 by selecting ten sites, including Bradwell, at which companies could develop nuclear
469:
The cost of building
Bradwell B would be very significant, but with so many variables affecting the development of the project it is not possible at this early stage to provide an exact figure. These variables could include: design changes, or changes to the way that Bradwell B would be constructed
608:
that "Our energy policy is in the hands of the
Chinese, Just in that one sector, we have complete domination by China when we should be strategically reviewing it". It was also reported in the Asia Times that Steve Thomas, a professor of energy policy at London's University of Greenwich, said that
492:
Construction of the project is expected to take between nine and 12 years, with it taking nine years to build and commission the reactors, and three additional years for site restoration. The construction phase is expected to create tens of thousands of jobs, with an additional 3,000 local jobs at
470:
as a result of surveys, consultation and regulatory decisions; the options we choose for transportation and worker accommodation; how the supply chain forms; decisions made on financing
Bradwell B; and cost savings we identify from our experience of constructing the HPR1000 design at other sites.
293:
reactor, expected to be completed in 2021, in advance of possible deployment at the
Bradwell B site. In November 2020, it was announced that the HPR1000 reactor design had successfully passed all the steps of the compliance analysis against the European Utility Requirements Document.
617:
projects, the BBC reported that the UK government was looking to replace CGN as an investor at
Sizewell C, and that CGN was unlikely to be allowed to proceed with Bradwell B "given revived security concerns and deteriorating diplomatic relations".
314:
In February 2022, the UK HPR1000 reactor completed its General Design Assessment process after the ONR issued a Design Acceptance Confirmation (DAC) and the Environment Agency issued a Statement of Design Acceptability (SoDA) for the design.
512:
Stage 5 - Site restoration (24–36 months): completing landscaping works and restoring parts of the site around the facility that are not needed during operation. Removal of temporary construction facilities will also occur during this
571:
from the UK's 5G infrastructure over espionage concerns. Following this, nuclear industry executives confirmed that the Bradwell B project is also of major concern, especially within the Conservative government. The
1393:
500:
Stage 1 - Site preparation (24–36 months): involving excavation and major earthworks as well as construction of temporary roads, bulk material delivery facilities, canteens, medical facilities and parking.
566:
Concerns were once again raised in 2020, this time by a senior Conservative MP, about CGN having a role in the UK's infrastructure, following the UK government's decision to exclude another Chinese firm,
493:
the peak of construction. The project, once operational, is expected to create 900 jobs, which will increase by 1000 during outages, which are expected to occur around every 18 months during operation.
1484:
2310:
1423:
774:
534:
MWe net, with a 60-year design life, and would use a combination of passive and active safety systems with a double containment. The reference plant for Bradwell B is units 3 and 4 of
2295:
1715:
465:
Funding for the Bradwell B project would be provided by CGN and EDF Energy, who will have during the development phase of the project 66.5% and 33.5% stakes in the project.
62:
1389:
1126:
1454:
481:
2112:
591:, has called for a review of nuclear contracts as he claims that China is not a "trusted vendor", and has compared the UK's dealings with Beijing to 1930s
1476:
1633:
1532:
1708:
1574:
297:
CGN has planned for the project to have a two-stage consultation programme. The stage 1 consultation started on 4 March and ended on 1 July 2020.
1415:
778:
695:
506:
Stage 3 - Installation (27–33 months): installing the main components of the power station and creating the systems needed for commissioning.
1228:
958:
932:
2270:
1701:
2300:
2205:
1173:
2290:
509:
Stage 4 - Commissioning (14–20 months): including testing, fuel loading, and synchronisation to the grid before handover to operations.
307:
By 2021, the British government's attitude to the involvement of China in British nuclear power had changed following the worsening of
1148:
984:
1559:
1006:
1079:
1918:
2125:
2052:
1984:
700:
267:
2102:
2067:
2305:
1724:
680:
675:
266:
to invest in the UK's nuclear industry. Out of these negotiations, which ended in 2015, agreements were made relating to
503:
Stage 2 - Civil construction (29–38 months): including major building construction and installation of the reactor dome.
2253:
2057:
1989:
1955:
1950:
1364:
614:
610:
308:
239:
1254:
2242:
2072:
2042:
1893:
535:
259:
220:
109:
1446:
2176:
2135:
1945:
580:
271:
1928:
690:
602:
Concerns over CGN's involvement in the project continued to be raised by Duncan Smith, who was reported saying in
2047:
1979:
1656:
559:
2130:
2032:
2027:
243:
2062:
1960:
1913:
282:
1312:
720:
2229:
1898:
1735:
745:
685:
1283:
829:
2077:
1970:
1937:
1888:
1883:
554:
In 2016, the US Justice Department charged CGN with stealing nuclear secrets from the United States.
2248:
2087:
665:
286:
151:
480:
As of 21 July 2020, the consortium is looking towards the government for financial backing with the
1908:
1618:
1592:
1506:
1099:
526:
reactors which are developed by CGN and CNNC. The reactor is designed with a power output of 1,170
2037:
1813:
1792:
136:
1818:
1767:
1999:
1782:
304:
for an electricity generating licence in June 2020; this was granted on 16 December 2020.
8:
752:
604:
1843:
1028:
179:
1693:
1903:
880:
854:
588:
1338:
2235:
2164:
1858:
1853:
959:"Press Release: EDF Energy and CGN make announcement on nuclear new build projects"
1533:"Senior MP calls for safeguards over proposed Chinese-built nuclear power station"
1477:"Hinkley Point C: case against Chinese firm has the feel of a modern spy thriller"
906:
1202:
1053:
574:
46:
219:
is a proposed nuclear power station at Bradwell-on-Sea in Essex, put forward by
2181:
1848:
1838:
1787:
637:
2284:
1740:
1679:
1634:"Chinese involvement in nuclear power is a 'ticking time bomb,' expert warns"
651:
311:, and it was exploring ways to block Chinese involvement in the development.
231:
77:
64:
2188:
1863:
1797:
596:
775:"Chinese nuclear plans for Bradwell power station could be 'catastrophic'"
721:"What is Bradwell B? Upcoming nuclear power station by CGN and EDF Energy"
206:
2213:
592:
584:
523:
290:
275:
235:
2171:
2159:
1777:
1772:
263:
119:
1127:"Nuclear: PM urged to elaborate on potential removal of Chinese firms"
2194:
2008:
1029:"Finalisation of the EU HPR1000 assessment by the EUR organisation"
484:
model, which the consortium will discuss at the appropriate time.
645:
539:
36:
807:
2311:
Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects (United Kingdom)
2018:
1390:"U.S. tightens controls on China imports of nuclear components"
568:
1575:"China's long game to dominate nuclear power relies on the UK"
1507:"US warns Britain against Chinese alliances on nuclear plants"
543:
301:
50:
1100:"UK looks to remove China's CGN from nuclear power projects"
587:. The article also claims that the senior Conservative MP,
255:
power stations; this was reduced to eight by October 2010.
197:
558:
reported: "According to the US Department of Justice, the
907:"Nuclear power: Eight sites identified for future plants"
227:
1723:
830:"Bradwell B: Stage One - Consultation Summary Document"
242:(CNNC). It will be located close to the decommissioned
1619:"China tensions raise doubts over UK nuclear projects"
2296:
Proposed nuclear power stations in the United Kingdom
1654:
1007:"CGN's Hualong One design certified for European use"
985:"UK GDA reports good progress for AP1000 and UK ABWR"
696:
Proposed nuclear power stations in the United Kingdom
1680:"Government could take stake in new nuclear station"
1560:"Unease at China's grip on Britain's nuclear future"
1447:"The troubling reason why Biden is so soft on China"
627:
1593:"China lashes out at Boris Johnson over Huawei ban"
1080:"Bradwell B granted electricity generating licence"
496:Construction would take place in five main stages:
1657:"Post-Huawei, China UK nuclear power role queried"
1369:Power Technology | Energy News and Market Analysis
1098:
987:. Nuclear Engineering International. 23 March 2017
579:last month, CGN's activities were raised with the
223:(CGN). If constructed, the site will provide 2,200
1149:"UK regulators approve China's UK HPR1000 design"
2282:
746:Case M.7850 - EDF / CGN / NNB GROUP OF COMPANIES
16:Proposed nuclear power station in Essex, England
1097:Pickard, Jim; Thomas, Nathalie (25 July 2021).
691:List of nuclear reactors in the United Kingdom
1709:
1096:
1365:"Fangchenggang Nuclear Power Plant, Guangxi"
1174:"Statement of Community Consultation (SoCC)"
1141:
977:
1557:
1284:"Stage One - Consultation Summary Document"
1118:
1090:
368:Updated statement of community consultation
1716:
1702:
1631:
1572:
740:
738:
1573:Vaughan, Adam; Kuo, Lily (26 July 2018).
1444:
802:
800:
798:
796:
1655:Jean-Baptiste Oubrier (22 August 2020).
1416:"Spy warning on Chinese nuclear company"
1255:"Welcome to the Bradwell B consultation"
1124:
1168:
1166:
735:
285:and the Environment Agency started the
281:On 19 January 2017, the United Kingdom
2283:
1919:United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority
1756:
1235:. Infrastructure Planning Inspectorate
1229:"Bradwell B new nuclear power station"
793:
24:Bradwell B nuclear power station (BRB)
2095:
1697:
1151:. World Nuclear News. 7 February 2022
933:"Global Projects - UK - Introduction"
701:Hinkley Point C nuclear power station
1677:
1233:Infrastructure Planning Inspectorate
1163:
1725:Nuclear power in the United Kingdom
681:Energy policy of the United Kingdom
676:Nuclear power in the United Kingdom
342:Statement of community consultation
13:
2301:Proposed power stations in England
2254:Sustainable Development Commission
1125:Weinfass, Ian (25 November 2021).
881:"Go-ahead for 10 nuclear stations"
240:China National Nuclear Corporation
238:reactors developed by CGN and the
14:
2322:
2291:Buildings and structures in Essex
2243:Nuclear Power and the Environment
1894:Nuclear Decommissioning Authority
1678:Jack, Simon (16 September 2020).
1621:. Financial Times. 6 August 2020.
855:"New nuclear plants get go-ahead"
777:. Essex Chronicle. Archived from
536:Fangchenggang Nuclear Power Plant
221:China General Nuclear Power Group
110:China General Nuclear Power Group
2265:
2264:
2177:Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant
1487:from the original on 25 May 2019
1457:from the original on 26 May 2019
1445:Schweizer, Peter (11 May 2019).
1426:from the original on 25 May 2019
1396:from the original on 25 May 2019
808:"FAQs - Bradwell B Project Site"
658:
644:
630:
581:United States Secretary of State
538:currently under construction in
522:The Bradwell B project uses two
143:Nuclear power station
1671:
1648:
1625:
1611:
1585:
1566:
1551:
1525:
1499:
1469:
1438:
1408:
1382:
1357:
1331:
1305:
1276:
1247:
1221:
1195:
1072:
1046:
1033:europeanutilityrequirements.org
1021:
999:
951:
487:
925:
899:
873:
847:
822:
767:
713:
475:FAQs - Bradwell B Project Site
309:China–United Kingdom relations
244:Bradwell nuclear power station
1:
1914:Office for Nuclear Regulation
706:
283:Office for Nuclear Regulation
278:reactor expected to be used.
2230:Franco-British Nuclear Forum
1899:Nuclear Industry Association
1736:Energy in the United Kingdom
1558:O'Neill, Sean (8 May 2019).
1392:. Reuters. 11 October 2018.
686:Energy in the United Kingdom
549:
7:
1889:National Nuclear Laboratory
621:
394:Review of Stage 2 responses
318:
10:
2327:
2197:(research and development)
1884:Civil Nuclear Constabulary
1632:James Cook (7 July 2020).
755:. 10 March 2016. p. 4
460:
262:entered negotiations with
249:
2262:
2249:Nuclear power in Scotland
2222:
2204:
2152:
2111:
2086:
2017:
1998:
1969:
1936:
1927:
1876:
1831:
1806:
1763:
1749:
1731:
666:Nuclear technology portal
517:
287:Generic Design Assessment
203:
193:
188:
178:
166:
162:
157:
147:
142:
132:
101:
93:
56:
42:
32:
28:
23:
1909:Nuclear Liabilities Fund
198:https://bradwellb.co.uk/
1203:"Previous consultation"
1054:"Previous consultation"
180:Nameplate capacity
1814:NNB Generation Company
1793:Sheffield Forgemasters
478:
407:Application submission
137:NNB Generation Company
2306:Électricité de France
1844:British Nuclear Group
1819:Horizon Nuclear Power
1768:Great British Nuclear
1313:"UK HPR1000 ~ Safety"
467:
158:Power generation
1009:. World Nuclear News
723:. NS Energy Business
482:Regulated Asset Base
381:Stage 2 consultation
355:Stage 1 consultation
78:51.74139°N 0.89694°E
1807:New build operators
1422:. 25 October 2018.
1339:"UK HPR1000 ~ FAQs"
1129:. Construction News
753:European Commission
605:The Daily Telegraph
189:External links
74: /
2191:(fuel manufacture)
2165:uranium enrichment
1483:. 11 August 2016.
1084:World Nuclear News
171:Units planned
2278:
2277:
2153:Non-reactor sites
2148:
2147:
2144:
2143:
1904:Nuclear Institute
1872:
1871:
1827:
1826:
1599:. Financial Times
1513:. Financial Times
589:Iain Duncan Smith
458:
457:
214:
213:
148:Reactor type
128:
127:
83:51.74139; 0.89694
2318:
2268:
2267:
2093:
2092:
1934:
1933:
1859:Scottish Nuclear
1854:Nuclear Electric
1761:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1695:
1694:
1688:
1687:
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1622:
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1604:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1570:
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1546:
1544:
1529:
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1522:
1520:
1518:
1503:
1497:
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1473:
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1433:
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1412:
1406:
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1403:
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1259:
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1219:
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1214:
1199:
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1190:
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1050:
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1041:
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1025:
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1016:
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997:
996:
994:
992:
981:
975:
974:
972:
970:
955:
949:
948:
946:
944:
929:
923:
922:
920:
918:
903:
897:
896:
894:
892:
877:
871:
870:
868:
866:
851:
845:
844:
842:
840:
834:
826:
820:
819:
817:
815:
804:
791:
790:
788:
786:
771:
765:
764:
762:
760:
750:
742:
733:
732:
730:
728:
717:
668:
663:
662:
661:
654:
649:
648:
640:
635:
634:
633:
533:
530:MWe gross, 1,090
529:
476:
325:
324:
289:process for the
226:
207:edit on Wikidata
106:
105:
89:
88:
86:
85:
84:
79:
75:
72:
71:
70:
67:
21:
20:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2258:
2236:Nuclear or Not?
2218:
2200:
2140:
2126:Hinkley Point C
2107:
2082:
2053:Hinkley Point A
2013:
1994:
1985:Hinkley Point B
1965:
1923:
1868:
1849:Magnox Electric
1823:
1802:
1745:
1727:
1722:
1692:
1691:
1676:
1672:
1662:
1660:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1636:. The Telegraph
1630:
1626:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1597:Financial Times
1591:
1590:
1586:
1571:
1567:
1556:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1514:
1511:Financial Times
1505:
1504:
1500:
1490:
1488:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1460:
1458:
1443:
1439:
1429:
1427:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1348:
1346:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1322:
1320:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1296:
1294:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1267:
1265:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1212:
1210:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1186:
1184:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1132:
1130:
1123:
1119:
1109:
1107:
1105:Financial Times
1095:
1091:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1063:
1061:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1037:
1035:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1012:
1010:
1005:
1004:
1000:
990:
988:
983:
982:
978:
968:
966:
957:
956:
952:
942:
940:
931:
930:
926:
916:
914:
905:
904:
900:
890:
888:
879:
878:
874:
864:
862:
853:
852:
848:
838:
836:
832:
828:
827:
823:
813:
811:
806:
805:
794:
784:
782:
781:on 2 April 2015
773:
772:
768:
758:
756:
748:
744:
743:
736:
726:
724:
719:
718:
714:
709:
672:
671:
664:
659:
657:
650:
643:
636:
631:
629:
624:
575:Financial Times
552:
531:
527:
520:
490:
477:
474:
463:
449:Not Yet Started
436:Not Yet Started
423:Not Yet Started
410:Not Yet Started
397:Not Yet Started
384:Not Yet Started
321:
300:CGN applied to
268:Hinkley Point C
252:
224:
210:
82:
80:
76:
73:
68:
65:
63:
61:
60:
47:Bradwell-on-Sea
17:
12:
11:
5:
2324:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
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2275:
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2239:
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2216:
2210:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2182:Windscale fire
2179:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2139:
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2128:
2123:
2117:
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2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2022:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2005:
2003:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1976:
1974:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1931:
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1924:
1922:
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1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1839:British Energy
1835:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
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2189:Springfields
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2058:Hunterston A
1990:Hunterston B
1864:NuGeneration
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1663:15 September
1661:. Retrieved
1659:. Asia Times
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1638:. Retrieved
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1579:The Guardian
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1481:The Guardian
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779:the original
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725:. Retrieved
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597:Nazi Germany
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556:The Guardian
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2214:Energy Fair
2073:Trawsfynydd
2048:Dungeness A
2043:Chapelcross
2038:Calder Hall
1980:Dungeness B
1783:Rolls-Royce
1537:Independent
1293:. CGN. 2020
593:appeasement
585:Mike Pompeo
371:In Progress
361:1 July 2020
291:Hualong One
276:Hualong One
133:Operator(s)
81: /
57:Coordinates
2285:Categories
2172:Sellafield
2160:Capenhurst
2136:Sizewell C
2121:Bradwell B
2103:Sizewell B
2068:Sizewell A
1946:Hartlepool
1778:Magnox Ltd
1773:EDF Energy
1640:1 November
1291:Bradwell B
1262:Bradwell B
1207:Bradwell B
1155:6 November
1133:3 February
1110:3 February
1058:Bradwell B
963:Bradwell B
937:Bradwell B
913:. BBC News
887:. BBC News
861:. BBC News
751:(Report).
707:References
524:HPR1000 UK
348:March 2020
272:Sizewell C
264:EDF Energy
236:UK HPR1000
217:Bradwell B
120:EDF Energy
66:51°44′29″N
1956:Heysham 2
1951:Heysham 1
1750:Companies
1343:UKHPR1000
1317:UKHPR1000
759:28 August
550:Criticism
446:Operation
358:Completed
345:Completed
258:In 2013,
234:from two
69:0°53′49″E
2271:Category
2195:Winfrith
2131:Moorside
2033:Bradwell
2028:Berkeley
2021:(closed)
2009:Dounreay
2002:(closed)
1973:(closed)
1929:Reactors
1684:BBC News
1485:Archived
1455:Archived
1424:Archived
1420:The Week
1394:Archived
1239:7 August
1038:30 March
1013:30 March
991:28 March
911:BBC News
885:BBC News
859:BBC News
727:30 March
622:See also
473:—
420:Decision
319:Timeline
102:Owner(s)
97:Proposed
43:Location
2113:Planned
2063:Oldbury
1961:Torness
1832:Defunct
1757:Current
1603:20 July
1543:23 July
1517:20 July
1374:26 July
1349:21 July
1323:21 July
1297:27 July
1268:23 July
1213:23 July
1187:23 July
1064:26 July
969:26 July
943:26 July
917:24 July
891:24 July
865:24 July
839:20 July
814:20 July
785:20 July
615:Oldbury
540:Guangxi
513:period.
461:Funding
250:History
194:Website
124:(33.5%)
114:(66.5%)
37:England
33:Country
2096:Active
2019:Magnox
1798:Urenco
1491:25 May
1461:25 May
1430:25 May
1400:25 May
569:Huawei
532:
528:
518:Design
337:Notes
331:Status
225:
184:2.2 GW
94:Status
2223:Other
2078:Wylfa
1345:. CGN
1319:. CGN
1287:(PDF)
1264:. CGN
1258:(PDF)
1209:. CGN
1183:. CGN
1177:(PDF)
1060:. CGN
965:. CGN
939:. CGN
835:. CGN
833:(PDF)
810:. CGN
749:(PDF)
611:Wylfa
544:China
328:Stage
302:Ofgem
205:[
51:Essex
1665:2020
1642:2020
1605:2020
1545:2020
1519:2020
1493:2019
1463:2019
1432:2019
1402:2019
1376:2020
1351:2020
1325:2020
1299:2020
1270:2020
1241:2020
1215:2020
1189:2020
1157:2022
1135:2022
1112:2022
1066:2020
1040:2021
1015:2021
993:2017
971:2020
945:2020
919:2020
893:2020
867:2020
841:2020
816:2020
787:2020
761:2022
729:2021
613:and
270:and
2088:PWR
2000:FBR
1971:AGR
1938:AGR
1181:CGN
595:of
560:FBI
260:CGN
230:of
228:MWe
152:PWR
2287::
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174:2
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