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land was fertile. The king laughed at her and refused to give her any land. Brigid prayed and asked God to soften the king's heart. Then she smiled at the king and said, "Will you give me as much land as my cloak will cover?" The king thought that she was joking and agreed. She told four of her sisters to take up the cloak, but instead of laying it flat on the turf, each sister, with face turned to a different point of the compass, began to run swiftly. The cloak grew in all directions and covered many acres of land. "Oh, Brigid!" said the frightened king, "what are you about?". "I am, or rather my cloak is about covering your whole province to punish you for your stinginess to the poor". "Call your maidens back. I will give you a decent plot of ground." The saint was persuaded, and if the king held his purse-strings tight in the future, she had only to allude to her cloak to bring him to reason. Soon afterward, the king became a
Christian, began to help the poor, and commissioned the building of the convent. This story was probably inspired by that of
57:
838:. When she was outside carrying a load past a group of poor people, some began to laugh at her. A man named Bacene said to her, "The beautiful eye which is in your head will be betrothed to a man though you like it or not". In response, Brigid thrust her finger in her eye and said, "Here is that beautiful eye for you. I deem it unlikely that anyone will ask you for a blind girl". Her brothers tried to save her and wash away the blood from her wound, but there was no water to be found. Brigid said to them, "Put my staff about this sod in front of you", and after they did, a stream came forth from the ground. Then she said to Bacene, "Soon your two eyes will burst in your head", and it happened as she said. This story was probably inspired by the lore of
739:, Brigid's favourite pupil, fell in love with a young man and, hoping to meet him, snuck out of the bed in which she and Brigid were sleeping. However, recognising her spiritual peril, she prayed for guidance, then placed burning embers in her shoes and put them on. "Thus, by fire", Ultan wrote, "she put out fire, and by pain extinguished pain." She then returned to bed. Brigid feigned sleep but was aware of Darlugdach's departure. The next day, Darlugdach revealed to Brigid the experience of the night before. Brigid reassured her that she was "now safe from the fire of passion and the fire of hell hereafter" and then healed her student's feet. The name Darlugdach (also spelt Dar Lugdach or Dar Lughdacha) means "daughter of the god
433:
789:
897:, Brigid was given a gift of apples and sweet sloes. She later entered a house where many lepers begged her for these apples, which she offered willingly. The woman who had given the gift to Brigid was angered by this, saying that she had not given the gift to the lepers. Brigid was angry at the woman for withholding from the lepers and cursed her trees so they would no longer bear fruit. Another woman gave Brigid the same gift, and again Brigid gave them to begging lepers. This woman asked that she and her garden be blessed. Brigid said that a large tree in the garden would have twofold fruit from its offshoots, and this came true.
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618:
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1117:. A commemorative inscription on the northern façade of the church, in 16th-century characters, reads: "Here in these three tombs lie the three Irish knights who brought the head of St. Brigid, Virgin, a native of Ireland, whose relic is preserved in this chapel. In memory of which, the officials of the Altar of the same Saint caused this to be done in January AD 1283." It is in fact only from the mid-16th century onwards that this church assumed the invocation of Saint Brígida when a new side chapel was built and dedicated to her.
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chastity and had become pregnant. In the 1987 translation: "A certain woman who had taken the vow of chastity fell, through the youthful desire of pleasure, and her womb swelled with child. Brigid, exercising the most potent strength of her ineffable faith, blessed her, causing the child to disappear, without coming to birth, and without pain. She faithfully returned the woman to health and to penance". The Brigid
Alliance, an American NGO that assists people seeking abortions, was named after St Brigid in reference to this miracle.
1214:
1157:, whom I had assisted in some of his literary pursuits and he set his heart on procuring the coveted relic. One of his arguments was somewhat amusing: It was the first time that an Irish Archbishop of the remote See of Sydney had solicited a favour from Cologne. It was the new Christian world appealing to the old for a share of its sacred wealth. At all events our pleading was successful and, and I bore away with me a portion of the bone, duly authenticated, which is now the privilege of you good Sisters to guard and venerate….
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attached a famous Irish monastery….. The relic is, if I remember aright, a tooth of the Saint. At
Cologne, I found great difficulty in securing a portion of this relic. It was at first peremptorily refused. The Pastor of St. Martin's declared that his parishioners would be at once in revolt if they heard that their great parochial treasure was being interfered with. I then had to invoke the aid of an influential Canon of the
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680:. It has often been said that she gave canonical jurisdiction to Conleth, but Archbishop Healy says that she simply "selected the person to whom the Church gave this jurisdiction", and her biographer tells us that she chose Saint Conleth "to govern the church along with herself". For centuries, Kildare was ruled by a double line of abbot-bishops and abbess-bishops, the Abbess of Kildare being regarded as
1591:
which are exhibited and honoured there because of her holy memory—and she returned to
Ireland, where, not much later, she rested in the Lord and was buried in the city of Down. The chapel on that island is now dedicated in honour of Saint Brigid; on its south side there is an opening through which, according to the belief of the common folk, anyone who passes will receive forgiveness of all his sins.’
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return to keep the fire burning: "the nineteenth nun puts the logs beside the fire and says 'Brigid, guard your fire, this is your night'. And in this way the fire is left there, and in the morning the wood, as usual, has been burnt and the fire is still alight". It has been suggested that this perpetual fire was originally part of a temple of Brigit the goddess.
2429:"Multiple medieval sources insist she was ordained as a bishop, a status that her successors as abbess of Kildare shared until Ireland’s ecclesiastical hierarchy was drastically revised in 1152." Callan M. “The Safest City of Refuge”: Brigid the Bishop. In: Sacred Sisters: Gender, Sanctity, and Power in Medieval Ireland. Amsterdam University Press; 2019,p85
1017:('little Brigid'), anglicized 'Breedhoge' or 'Biddy', it was made from rushes or reeds and clad in bits of cloth, flowers, or shells. In some areas, a girl took on the role of Brigid. Escorted by other girls, she went house-to-house wearing 'Brigid's crown' and carrying 'Brigid's shield' and 'Brigid's cross', all of which were made from rushes.
855:
728:("Between St. Patrick and St. Brigid, the pillars of the Irish people, there was so great a friendship of charity that they had but one heart and one mind. Through him and through her Christ performed many great works".) However, given that the 'historical' Brigid was born in 451 and Saint Patrick died circa 461, this is unlikely.
1702:
Brigid of
Ireland, or of Kildare, has been venerated since the early Middle Ages, along with Patrick and Columba, as one of the three national Christian patron saints of Ireland. By the end of the seventh century, at least two Latin biographies had been written describing her as a nobleman's daughter
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that ‘Wherefore the report is extremely prevalent that both Saint
Indract and Saint Brigid, no mean inhabitants of Ireland, formerly came over to this spot. Whether Brigid returned home or died at Glastonbury is not sufficiently ascertained, though she left here some of her ornaments; that is to say,
960:
burning at
Kildare in honour of Brigid, and that this fire had been burning since Brigid's time. He said it was ringed by a hedge that no man was allowed to cross. According to Gerald, each of the nineteen nuns took their turns guarding the fire overnight, but every twentieth night Brigid was said to
885:
When Brigid was travelling to see a doctor for a headache, she stayed at the house of a
Leinster couple who had two mute daughters. The daughters were travelling with Brigid when her horse startled, causing her to fall and graze her head on a stone. A touch of Brigid's blood healed the girls of their
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seems to be a vestige of druidic lore. Brigid was thus born into slavery. Legends of her early holiness include her vomiting when the druid tried to feed her, due to his impurity; a white cow with red ears arrives to sustain her instead. Brigid's druid stepfather is portrayed somewhat sympathetically
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ruled in his favour. The woman fled and sought refuge with Brigid's community. By chance, one of her fishermen caught a fish which, when cut open, was found to have swallowed the brooch. The nobleman freed the woman, confessed his sin, and bowed in submission to Brigid. This is also an Irish version
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Kilbride ("Church of Brigid") is one of
Ireland's most widely found placenames, there are 45 Kilbrides located in 19 of Ireland's 32 counties: Antrim (2), Carlow, Cavan, Down, Dublin, Galway, Kildare, Kilkenny (3), Laois, Longford, Louth, Mayo (5), Meath (4), Offaly (4), Roscommon (2), Waterford,
1005:
On St Brigid's Eve, Brigid was said to visit virtuous households and bless the inhabitants. People left items of clothing or strips of cloth outside overnight for Brigid to bless. These were believed to have powers of healing and protection. Brigid would be symbolically invited into the home and a
600:
As she grew older, Brigid was said to have worked miracles, including healing and feeding the poor. According to one tale, as a child, she once gave away her mother's entire store of butter. The butter was then replenished in answer to Brigid's prayers. Around the age of ten, she was returned as a
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One of the most well-known stories is of Brigid asking the King of
Leinster for land. She told the king that the place where she stood was the perfect spot for a convent. It was beside a forest where they could gather firewood and berries, there was a lake nearby that would provide water, and the
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was named after her; 'Saint Brigid made a stay of several years on an island near Glastonbury, called Bekery or Little Ireland, where there was an oratory consecrated in honour of Saint Mary Magdalene. She left there certain signs of her presence—her wallet, collar, bell, and weaving implements,
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Westmeath (2), Wexford (4), and Wicklow (8) as well as two Kilbreedys in Tipperary, Kilbreedia and Toberbreeda in Clare, Toberbreedia in Kilkenny, Brideswell Commons in Dublin, Bridestown and Templebreedy in Cork and Rathbride and Brideschurch in Kildare. A number of placenames are derived from
1152:
I went all the way to Cologne on my return from Rome in 1884, on my appointment of Archbishop of Sydney to secure a portion of the precious relic of St. Brigid preserved there for over a thousand years. It is venerated at present in the Parochial Church of St. Martin to which in olden times was
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when she was dying by Saint Ninnidh of the Pure Hand. Afterwards, he reportedly had his right hand encased in metal so that it would never be defiled, and this was the origin of his epithet. Tradition says she died at Kildare on 1 February. Her year of death is usually placed around 524 or 525.
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came to woo her. Since Brigid had offered her virginity to God, she told the man that she could not accept him but that he should go to the woods behind his house where he would find a beautiful maiden to marry. Everything that he said to the maiden's parents would be pleasing to them. The man
889:
Brigid is said to have preserved a nun's chastity in unusual circumstances. Liam de Paor (1993) and Connolly & Picard (1987), in their complete translations of Cogitosus, give substantially the same translation of the account of Brigid's ministry to a nun who had failed to keep her vow of
1703:
who chose to consecrate her virginity to God, took the veil as a Christian nun, and became the leader of a community of religious women—or perhaps of both women and men. Certainly, by the 7th century, there was an important double monastery at Kildare that regarded her as its founder.
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Upon Brigid's death, Darlugdach became the second abbess of Kildare. Darlugdach was so devoted to her mentor that when Brigid lay dying Darlugdach expressed the wish to die with her, but Brigid replied that Darlugdach would die on the first anniversary of her (Brigid's) death. The
811:
wrote that Brigid's power is expressed in 'helping' miracles: healing, feeding the hungry, and rescuing the weak from violence. Unlike Saint Patrick, "most of her miracles were humble affairs for people of low rank" and she "never dictates the course of dynastic politics".
703:. According to Giraldus, nothing that he ever saw was at all comparable to the book, every page of which was gorgeously illuminated, and the interlaced work and the harmony of the colours left the impression that "all this is the work of angelic, and not human skill".
1594:
Brides Mound in Beckery is also linked to St. Bridgid and in 2004 'Brigadine sisters, Mary and Rita Minehan, brought the perpetual Brigid flame (restored in 1993) from Solas Bhrde, in Kildare, during a Glastonbury Goddess Conference ceremony on Bride's Mound.'
1101:(Church of St Roch), where a frontal part of her skull is still venerated. However, an occipital part of the skull could already have reached Portugal in the 13th century, preserved in the Igreja São João Batista (Church of St. John the Baptist), on the
659:
Brigid, with an initial group of seven companions, is credited with organising communal consecrated religious life for women in Ireland. She founded two monasteries; one for men, the other for women. Brigid became the first Abbess of Kildare and invited
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In one story, Brigid protected a woman from a nobleman who had entrusted a silver brooch to the woman for safekeeping but then secretly had thrown it into the sea. He charged her with stealing it, knowing that he could take her as a slave if a
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to sell her. While Dubhthach was talking to the king, Brigid gave away her father's bejewelled sword to a beggar to barter it for food to feed his family. The king recognised her holiness and convinced Dubhthach to grant his daughter freedom.
1512:
St. Brigid's popularity made the name Brigid (or its variants such as Brigitte, Bridie, and Bree) popular in Ireland over the centuries. One writer noted that at one time in history "every Irish family had a Patrick and a Brigid".
818:
wrote that the melding of a pagan goddess and Christian saint can be seen in some of the miracles, where Brigid multiplies food, bestows cattle and sheep, controls the weather, and is associated with fire or thermal springs.
1194:, purported relics of the saint reposing in Armagh were lost in an accidental fire in 1179. In the seventeenth century, Armagh also had a street named Brigid located near Brigid's church in the area called "Brigid's Ward."
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bed would often be made for her. In some places, a family member who represented Brigid would circle the house three times carrying rushes. They would then knock on the door three times before being welcomed in.
975:
Saint Brigid's feast day is 1 February. Cogitosus, writing in the late 7th century, is the first to mention a feast day of Saint Brigid being observed in Kildare on this date. It was also the date of
424:
at the temple of the goddess Brigid, was responsible for converting it into a Christian monastery, and that after her death, the name and characteristics of the goddess became attached to the saint.
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of the monasteries in Ireland. Her successors have always been accorded episcopal honour. Brigid's oratory at Kildare became a centre of religion and learning, and developed into a cathedral city.
822:
According to Brian Wright, the miracles of Brigid outlined by Cogitosus mostly concern healing; charity; cows, sheep and dairy; the harvest; fire; fertility/pregnancy; and her virginity/holiness.
412:
of the goddess; others that she was a real person whose mythos took on the goddess's attributes. Medieval art historian Pamela Berger argues that Christian monks "took the ancient figure of the
1237:, tradition holds that nuns at her monastery kept an eternal flame burning there. She is also often depicted with a cow, or sometimes geese. Leitmotifs, some of them borrowed from the
726:"inter sanctum Patricium Brigitanque Hibernesium columnas amicitia caritatis inerat tanta, ut unum cor consiliumque haberent unum. Christus per illum illamque virtutes multas peregit"
1312:
There are many traditions associating the saint with Wales, with dedications and folklore found across the country. As such, villages are often named for either a church or "
539:
Because of the legendary quality of the earliest accounts of her life, there is debate among many secular scholars and Christians as to the truthfulness of her biographies.
1109:), where it is venerated on 2 February (not 1 February, as in Ireland). According to the local tradition of the latter church, St. Brigid's head would have been carried to
589:. An 8th-century account calls the druid Maithghean. It says Broicsech gave birth to Brigid at dawn, on the threshold, while bringing milk into the druid's house. This
942:
She is a patroness saint of Ireland (and one of its three national saints), as well as of healers, poets, blacksmiths, livestock and dairy workers, among others.
720:. She is said to have visited Longford, Tipperary, Limerick, and South Leinster. Her friendship with Saint Patrick is noted in the following paragraph from the
404:, and there are many supernatural events and folk customs associated with her. Furthermore, the saint's feast day falls on the Gaelic traditional festival of
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2830:
2880:
Relaçam do solenne recebimento que se fez em Lisboa ás santas reliquias q̃ se leuáram á igreja de S. Roque da Companhia de Iesv aos .25. de Ianeiro de 1588
1563:, where a stone carving of her milking a cow can be seen above one side of the entrance. She also appears in a fresco painting that adorns the interior of
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1241:
such as the story where she hangs her cloak on a sunbeam, are associated with the wonder tales of her hagiography and folklore. Cogitosus' circa 650
514:
in 824. In Donatus' prologue, it refers to the earlier Lives by St Ultan (see before for his hymn), St. Aleran (see "Vita I") and an Anonymus. A 34-
267:. She is patroness of many things, including poetry, learning, healing, protection, blacksmithing, livestock and dairy production. In her honour, a
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her necklace, bag, and implements for embroidering, which are yet shown in memory of her sanctity, and are efficacious in curing divers diseases.’
4493:
1030:, County Kerry, which holds a yearly "Biddy's Day Festival". Men and women wearing elaborate straw hats and masks visit public houses carrying a
400:"are mainly anecdotes and miracle stories, some of which are deeply rooted in Irish pagan folklore". She has the same name as the Celtic goddess
56:
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1245:
portrays Brigid as having the power to multiply such things as butter, bacon, and milk, to bestow sheep and cattle, and to control the weather.
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1201:
contains also (unspecified) relics of St. Brigid, brought by the canons of St. Michael in 1398 when they were forced to leave their submerged
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of nuns. There are few documented historical facts about her, and her hagiographies are mainly anecdotes and miracle tales, some of which are
5747:
1148:
Moran wrote about the circumstances in which he obtained the tooth in a letter to the Reverend Mother of this Convent dated 13 March 1906:
1009:
In Ireland and parts of Scotland, a doll representing Brigid would be paraded around the community by girls and young women. Known as the
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1190:
had several associations with St. Brigid. In the twelfth century, the city had two crosses dedicated to Brigid, though, according to the
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1077:. They are said to have remained in Down Cathedral until 1538, when the relics were desecrated and destroyed during the deputyship of
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3498:
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1171:] Church in Kilcurry. In 1928, Fathers Timothy Traynor and James McCarroll requested another fragment for St. Brigid's Church in
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in the stories. He can see that Brigid is special, he is concerned for Brigid's welfare, and he eventually frees her and her mother.
291:
3121:
921:
979:, a seasonal festival that is believed to have pre-Christian origins. Imbolc is one of four Gaelic seasonal festivals, along with
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Brigid is credited with founding a school of art, including metalwork and illumination, which Conleth oversaw. The Kildare
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1986:
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is thought to be Pictish for "Church of Brigid". In Toryglen, on Glasgow's southside, there is St. Brigid's RC parish.
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Cogitosus said she spent her youth as a farm worker; churning butter, shepherding the flocks and tending the harvest.
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17:
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432:
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2173:
See AP Smyth, "The earliest Irish Annals: their first contemporary entries and the earliest centres of recording",
1408:
1078:
717:
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5702:
467:('Brigid ever-excellent woman') also known as "Ultan's hymn", and the second is "Broccán's hymn", composed by St
5588:
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377:
1081:, excepting Brigid's head which was saved by some of the clergymen who took it to the Franciscan monastery of
788:
5450:
4638:
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558:. Another tradition is that she was born at Ummeras, near Kildare. All early sources say she was one of the
4205:
2040:; the priority of one or the other Life is disputed; an earlier, lost, Life, has also been postulated, cf.
2007:
1997:
1957:
1761:
1483:, is the unincorporated community (or township) St. Bridget, described by some accounts as an extinct town.
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There is debate over whether Brigid was a real person. There are few historical facts about her, and early
2856:
1880:
815:
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In both of the earliest biographies, Dubhthach is so annoyed with Brigid that he took her in a chariot to
417:
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1002:. They are hung over doors and windows for protection against fire, lightning, illness and evil spirits.
1233:, and a lamp. Early hagiographers portray Brigid's life and ministry as touched with fire. According to
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1361:
1145:
498:, was composed in the 9th century. Several later Latin and Irish Lives of the saint were composed. The
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4418:
4378:
1365:
994:
The customs of Saint Brigid's Day did not begin to be recorded in detail until the early modern era.
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2511:
2353:
2326:
949:, and a tomb raised over her "adorned with gems and precious stones and crowns of gold and silver".
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2900:
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household servant to her father, where her charity led her to donate his belongings to the poor.
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3359:"The Early History of Glastonbury: An Edition, Translation and Study of William of Malmesbury's
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http://sip.mirabileweb.it/title/vita-sanctae-brigidae-91-vita-metrica91-(has-ego-d-title/24614
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http://omniumsanctorumhiberniae.blogspot.com/2013/07/saint-coelan-of-inis-cealtra-july-29.html
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1888:
1769:
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1180:
1098:
605:
542:
Her year of birth is usually given as 451 or 452 AD. One tradition is that Brigid was born at
531:
Discussion on dates for the annals and the accuracy of dates relating to St Brigid continues.
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Uita metrica sanctae Brigidae: a critical edition with introduction, commentary and indexes
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are traditionally made on her feast day. These are three- or four-armed crosses woven from
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8:
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http://triasthaumaturga.blogspot.com/2012/02/a-commentary-on-life-of-saint-brigid-by.html
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1422:
is St Brigid of Kildare, about whom many local stories, songs, and customs are recorded.
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834:
After Brigid promised God a life of chastity, her brothers were annoyed at the loss of a
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453:
321:
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4408:
3408:
2936:, Lisboa: Apenas Livros Lda., “Os Vicentes”, no 7, 2011, p. 31-38, and Miguel Alarcão ,
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Roy, Considère-Charon; Marie-Claire, Laplace; Philippe, Savaric; Michel, Foster (2008).
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http://triasthaumaturga.blogspot.com/2012/02/the-hymn-in-praise-of-saint-brigid-of.html
1987:
http://triasthaumaturga.blogspot.com/2012/02/the-hymn-in-praise-of-saint-brigid-by.html
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REAP (Revista de Estudos Anglo-Portugueses)-JAPS (Journal of Anglo-Portuguese Studies)
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popularly known since medieval times as the Madonna Lily for its association with the
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910:
866:
Brigid, who was an expert dairywoman and brewer, was reputed to turn water into beer.
773:
708:
677:
511:
436:
283:
252:
154:
66:
31:
4691:
4443:
2745:"Essays on the Ancient History, Religion, Learning, Arts, and Government of Ireland"
2270:
2241:
2013:
1213:
5652:
5380:
5292:
5174:
5164:
5049:
5044:
4964:
4959:
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4869:
4864:
4854:
4844:
4819:
4794:
4749:
4538:
4533:
4508:
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4368:
4353:
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4285:
4245:
4077:
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4027:
4002:
3937:
3661:
3646:
3631:
3626:
3374:
3055:
2218:
1905:
The Goddess Obscured: Transformation of the Grain Protectress from Goddess to Saint
1490:
1313:
1268:
is also known as the "St. Brigid's Christmas Rose". Kildare, the church of the oak
1176:
1086:
681:
673:
566:. Three biographies name her mother as Broicsech, a slave who had been baptised by
244:
4052:
2570:. Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland: St. Brigid's G.N.S. 14 November 2012. Archived from
1165:
Convent of Mercy took a purported fragment of the skull to St. Bridget's [
634:
518:
Latin poem about St Brigid had previously been composed by the Irish Roman cleric
5571:
5430:
5317:
5302:
5199:
5159:
5144:
5124:
5069:
4994:
4984:
4954:
4944:
4879:
4849:
4809:
4804:
4628:
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4503:
4448:
4335:
4280:
4170:
4022:
3907:
3834:
3756:
3721:
3621:
3193:
2878:
2571:
1837:
1610:
1571:
depicting the saint with a spindle, a bowl of fire, and a cow in the background.
1560:
1333:
1270:
1250:
1221:
In liturgical iconography and statuary, Saint Brigid is often depicted holding a
1129:
1082:
953:
751:
696:
692:
581:
when she became pregnant. This might have been inspired by the Biblical story of
248:
189:
149:
124:
4543:
3476:
2510:
854:
274:
Some historians suggest that Brigid is a Christianisation of the Celtic goddess
215:(or 'mother saint') of Ireland, and one of its three national saints along with
5676:
5593:
5566:
5372:
5287:
5227:
5169:
5154:
5139:
5119:
5114:
5074:
5064:
4974:
4949:
4934:
4919:
4914:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4824:
4706:
4676:
4661:
4618:
4588:
4563:
4433:
4393:
4358:
4235:
4215:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4110:
4007:
3952:
3887:
3839:
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3578:
1529:
1521:
1459:
1435:
1369:
1353:
1106:
1074:
1070:
1023:
are often visited on St Brigid's Day, especially those wells dedicated to her.
957:
721:
413:
357:
286:
and many other folk customs. It was originally a pre-Christian festival called
268:
197:
181:
92:
75:
5395:
3431:"Hearth-Prayers and Other Traditions of Brigit: Celtic Goddess and Holy Woman"
2894:
2861:
Journal of the County Kildare Archaeological Society and Surrounding Districts
5686:
5625:
5515:
5500:
5480:
5425:
5385:
5189:
5184:
5134:
5129:
5059:
5039:
5004:
4969:
4939:
4909:
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4834:
4729:
4701:
4666:
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4578:
3859:
3854:
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3533:
3446:
3386:
3340:
3270:
3224:
3093:
2795:
2649:
2145:
2082:
1791:
1517:
1493:, is named for St. Brigid, reflecting historical ties to southeastern Ireland
1455:
1389:
1385:
1345:
1325:
1321:
1137:
1062:
804:
showing Brigid turning water into beer (left) and healing a blind man (right)
801:
797:
567:
506:
of the 7th–8th centuries, but appears more likely to have been written by St
479:
478:) at the request of Ultan who was his tutor. Two early Lives of St Brigid in
439:, built on the site of the original abbey said to have been founded by Brigid
232:
216:
62:
3305:
2933:
Lisboa guarda Segredos Milenares. Santa Brígida, uma Deusa Céltica no Lumiar
2460:
2313:
1716:"St Brigid's Day: Ireland's new public holiday, the 1st named after a woman"
5505:
5204:
5194:
5179:
5109:
5084:
5019:
4979:
4929:
4839:
4754:
4558:
4438:
4413:
3982:
3791:
3583:
3521:
2055:"Bethu Brigte • CODECS: Online Database and e-Resources for Celtic Studies"
1949:
1667:(Fifth Edition, Revised). Oxford University Press, 2011. pp.66–67, 467–470.
1607:
1586:
wrote in the mid-fourteenth century that the chapel which was excavated in
1533:
1431:
1397:
1316:" associated with Bridget. These include the village, castle and parish of
638:
630:
486:
I and II, were written in the 7th–8th centuries, the first one possibly by
347:
311:
212:
162:
3168:"Margaret Fay Shaw's photographs of the women of South Uist – Canna House"
2054:
1603:
A fictionalised wish-granting version of Saint Brigid appears in the 2024
167:
Kildare; Ireland; healers; poets; blacksmiths; livestock and dairy workers
5465:
5312:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5079:
5029:
5024:
5014:
4989:
4924:
4814:
4613:
4603:
4583:
4453:
4428:
3957:
3864:
3651:
3285:
2612:"Wild Irish Women: Saint Brigid – Mary of the Gaels | Irish America"
2289:
1961:
1765:
1556:
1451:
1297:
1255:
1217:
Saint Brigid depicted on stained glass holding symbols of her iconography
1202:
1069:. The relics of the three saints were said to have been found in 1185 by
1058:
906:
879:
835:
736:
688:
503:
397:
295:
240:
224:
3454:
3430:
3252:
Encyclopedia of the Zombie: The Walking Dead in Popular Culture and Myth
3037:
1885:
Myth, Legend & Romance: An Encyclopaedia of the Irish Folk Tradition
1442:, substantially rebuilt since its foundation in the 600s (7th century).
5475:
5149:
5034:
5009:
4859:
4696:
3977:
3394:
3107:
Geithmann, Harriet. "A Welcome member of the Spring and Falls Garden",
2631:
Saint Patrick's World: The Christian Culture of Ireland's Apostolic Age
2267:
1615:
1525:
1500:
1301:
1073:, and on 9 June of the following year he had them solemnly reburied in
1027:
839:
764:
590:
3075:
The Music of What Happens: Celtic Spirituality: A View from the Inside
2939:
Uma Santa e Três Cavaleiros: a Propósito da Igreja Paroquial do Lumiar
1544:
487:
384:" and the "Mother Saint of Ireland". A less common name is "Brigid of
298:, who tradition says was her student, close companion, and successor.
5455:
5362:
5054:
4716:
4568:
3811:
3676:
3553:
3358:
3320:
3250:
3073:
2775:
2629:
1393:
1317:
1238:
1172:
1141:
1128:, obtained a relic of the saint's tooth from the parochial church of
1020:
980:
945:
Brigid is said to have been buried at the high altar of the original
869:
The prayers of Saint Brigid were said to still the wind and the rain.
515:
491:
449:
380:, "St. Brigit's church". She is also referred to as "the Mary of the
331:
256:
3464:
The Saints of Ireland: The Life-Stories of SS. Brigid and Columcille
3378:
2440:
416:
and grafted her name and functions onto her Christian counterpart".
5659:
5608:
5440:
5277:
5257:
4315:
4265:
4067:
3796:
3606:
2663:
2144: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1809:
1401:
984:
713:
577:
says that Dubhthach's wife forced him to sell Brigid's mother to a
563:
559:
543:
385:
367:
342:
113:
2628:
Liam, De Paor (1996). "Cogitosus' Life of St. Brigid the Virgin".
1034:
to ward off evil spirits and bring good luck for the coming year.
5332:
5307:
5252:
4769:
4734:
4175:
4130:
3892:
3829:
3684:
2295:
2186:
1604:
1587:
1226:
1162:
1133:
1066:
988:
661:
649:
648:
According to tradition, around 480 Brigid founded a monastery at
582:
547:
502:
III, in hexameter verse, is sometimes attributed to St Coelan of
220:
109:
3154:
3024:
Paterson, T. G. F. (1945). "Brigid's Crosses in County Armagh".
2038:
https://www.vanhamel.nl/codecs/Vita_sanctae_Brigitae_(Cogitosus)
5337:
5272:
5262:
5247:
5222:
4275:
3902:
1230:
1187:
1102:
1090:
1054:
999:
976:
874:
793:
669:
642:
405:
401:
307:
287:
275:
228:
2009:
Goidelica: Old and Early-middle-Irish Glosses, Prose and Verse
1999:
Ancient Irish hymn of St. Brogan-Cloen in praise of St. Brigid
570:. They name her father as Dubhthach, a chieftain of Leinster.
5327:
5322:
5297:
5267:
5242:
4759:
4744:
4739:
3849:
3537:
3137:
2773:
1373:
586:
578:
555:
421:
381:
260:
43:
1796:
Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain
1264:, called the "Brigid anemone" since the early 19th century.
1085:, in Austria. In 1587 it was presented to the church of the
4786:
4764:
4724:
3942:
2831:"Mid-Kerry Biddy Tradition Gets Official State Recognition"
2594:"St. Brigid's Cloak: Legendary Fictions of the Irish Celts"
2379:. Vol. 5. Dublin: Hodges, Smith, and Co. p. 1249.
2042:
https://www.vanhamel.nl/codecs/Vita_sanctae_Brigitae_(lost)
828:
740:
3435:
The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
2034:
https://www.vanhamel.nl/codecs/Vita_prima_sanctae_Brigitae
2018:
https://www.vanhamel.nl/codecs/Preface_to_Broccán%27s_hymn
2012:, 1872, p. 137-146 (see p. 133-137 for Ultan's hymn); cf.
1636:
https://www.holytrinityorthodox.com/htc/orthodox-calendar/
1248:
Plant motifs associated with St. Brigid include the white
850:
followed her instructions and Brigid's prophecy came true.
2903:
from the original on 7 November 2021 – via YouTube.
1167:
1026:
St Brigid's Day parades have been revived in the town of
920:
Brigid is honoured on 1 February in the calendars of the
755:
St Brigid being carried away by angels, in a painting by
324:
2957:"Igreja Paroquial do Lumiar-Igreja de São João Baptista"
2214:
Butler's Lives of the Saints: New Full Edition: February
335:
3462:
De Blacam, Hugh. "Saint Brigid: The Mary Of The Gael",
1758:
Christian Spirituality: God's Presence Through the Ages
1680:
Holy People of the World: A Cross-Cultural Encyclopedia
30:"Saint Brigid" redirects here. Not to be confused with
735:, who wrote the life of Brigid, recounts a story that
5636:
2268:"Early Irish Saints' Cults and Their Constituencies".
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
845:
When Brigid was of marital age, a man by the name of
448:
Among the most ancient accounts of St Brigid are two
290:, marking the beginning of spring. From 2023 it is a
282:
is 1 February, and traditionally it involves weaving
157:; crozier of an abbess; flames or lamp; cow or geese
2777:
The Irish Celebrating: Festive and Tragic Overtones
1979:
Peritia: Journal of the Medieval Academy of Ireland
2259:
2257:
2255:
2193:
2006:vol 4, February 1868, p. 221-237; Whitley Stokes,
1983:https://www.vanhamel.nl/codecs/Brigit_bé_bithmaith
1902:
1520:, Saint Brigid (along with the goddess Brigid and
878:of a widespread story; another version is told of
699:(Giraldus Cambrensis), but disappeared during the
314:
3506:
3357:Scott, John (July 1983). Carley, James P. (ed.).
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2014:https://www.vanhamel.nl/codecs/N%C3%AD_car_Brigit
1839:The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore
1733:"Saint Brigid of Ireland | Biography & Facts"
1113:in 1283 by three Irish knights travelling to the
1057:raids, Brigid's relics were purportedly taken to
420:and others suggest that the saint had been chief
5684:
3191:
1411:, one of the most prominent figures featured in
625:It is said that Brigid was "veiled" or became a
490:(died in 665), lector of Clonard, the second by
320:"high, exalted" and ultimately originating with
2252:
2225:
956:wrote that nineteen nuns took turns keeping a
494:, a monk of Kildare. An Old Irish prose Life,
3492:
3322:Glastonbury Abbey and the Arthurian Tradition
2983:"St. Brigid: Holy Wells, Patterns and Relics"
2828:
1798:. Oxford University Press. pp. 134–138.
408:. Some scholars suggest that the saint is a
3052:Irish Medieval Monasteries on the Continent
2817:The Year in Ireland: Irish Calendar Customs
2478:"St. Brigit (or Brigid)—Wonders of Ireland"
2135:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1474:Brigida von Kildare, Gross St. Martin, Köln
1011:
629:either through Saint Mac Caille, Bishop of
371:
361:
351:
306:The saint has the same name as the goddess
271:was kept burning at Kildare for centuries.
3499:
3485:
3071:
2980:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2374:
2085:, "Recent Research on Irish Hagiography",
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1670:
1458:form of the name is common, the parish of
1274:, is associated with a tree sacred to the
55:
3466:, The Bruce Publishing Company, Milwaukee
3290:. Diana Griffiths. Glastonbury: Ariadne.
3249:Fonseca, Anthony J., ed. (19 June 2014).
2876:
2180:lxxii C (1972), pp 1–48 Daniel McCarthy:
1539:
292:public holiday in the Republic of Ireland
255:and an enslaved Christian woman, and was
251:. They say Brigid was the daughter of an
3023:
2472:
2470:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2118:
1975:The Old-Irish Hymn "Brigit Bé Bithmaith"
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1543:
1469:
1212:
1140:and gave it to the Brigidine Sisters in
1041:
905:
853:
787:
750:
616:
431:
3428:
3248:
2802:
2780:. Cambridge Scholars Press. p. 2.
2749:Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy
2525:
2438:
2383:
2284:
2182:The chronology of St. Brigit of Kildare
1849:
1775:
1676:
1454:, where the first name "Breeshey", the
14:
5685:
3352:
3350:
3318:
3213:SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica
3165:
2854:
2623:
2621:
2113:Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy
1900:
1894:
1790:
1487:St. Bride's, Newfoundland and Labrador
763:Brigid is said to have been given the
341:
3480:
3356:
3283:
3222:
2872:
2870:
2720:"Brigid of Kildare, Monastic, c. 523"
2508:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2467:
2331:
2210:
2149:
1940:. The History Press, 2011. pp. 36–37.
1932:
1930:
1640:
1598:
964:
637:at Mág Tulach (the present barony of
510:, an Irish monk who became Bishop of
388:", after her traditional birthplace.
27:Irish abbess and saint (c. 451 – 525)
5748:Late Ancient Christian female saints
3138:"Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann"
2627:
1727:
1725:
1420:Folksongs and Folklore of South Uist
1199:Old Saint Peter's Church, Strasbourg
1048:Old Saint Peter's Church, Strasbourg
621:Saint Brigid by Patrick Joseph Tuohy
376:), such as in several places called
3347:
2618:
2555:Brigid: Goddess, Druidess and Saint
2401:
1938:Brigid: Goddess, Druidess and Saint
1555:St. Brigid has long been linked to
1364:in Ceredigion, and the villages of
676:, to help her; he became the first
231:who founded the important abbey of
65:at St Mary of the Rosary Church in
24:
5758:People whose existence is disputed
4399:Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
3517:Dicastery for the Causes of Saints
3472:The Serpent and the Goddess (1989)
3422:
3229:Irish Names from Ancient to Modern
3192:Weiser-Alexander, K. (July 2020).
3159:
2867:
2495:
1981:22–23, 2011–2012, p. 182–187; cf.
1927:
1161:In 1905, Sister Mary Agnes of the
25:
5779:
5738:Female saints of medieval Ireland
3361:De antiquitate Glastonie ecclesie
2819:. Mercier Press, pp.20–25, 97–98.
2275:, vol. 54, 2004, pp.84–85, 88–89.
1722:
1550:St. Patrick's Chapel, Glastonbury
1503:is named after Brigid of Kildare.
1205:, itself founded by Irish monks.
716:and founded many churches in the
641:), who gave her the powers of an
612:
5670:
5658:
5646:
5619:
5607:
5486:María de las Maravillas de Jesús
5343:Seven Maccabees and their mother
4529:Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War
3126:, vol. 23, April 7, 1883, p. 317
2518:Dictionary of National Biography
2377:Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland
2139:
1909:. Boston: Beacon Press. p.
1559:. Sites that depict her include
1409:Hebridean mythology and folklore
1328:), the churches and villages of
3401:
3312:
3277:
3242:
3216:
3204:
3185:
3148:
3130:
3122:"St. Brigid's Christmas Rose",
3115:
3100:
3065:
3044:
3017:
2992:
2981:Atherton, D. W.; Peyton, M. P.
2974:
2949:
2907:
2887:
2848:
2822:
2767:
2737:
2712:
2687:
2670:
2656:
2604:
2586:
2560:
2547:
2432:
2423:
2368:
2320:
2278:
2167:
2094:
2072:
2047:
2026:
1991:
1967:
1943:
1810:"Brigid of Faughart – Festival"
1665:The Oxford Dictionary of Saints
1046:A reliquary of Saint Brigid in
776:has assigned 1 February as the
263:'s household before becoming a
3319:Carley, James Patrick (2001).
3060:Catholic University of America
2855:Murphy, Denis (January 1895).
2291:A little book of Celtic saints
1827:
1802:
1750:
1708:
1628:
1548:A painting of Saint Brigid in
1489:, at the southwest tip of the
1445:
1208:
695:, which drew high praise from
391:
294:. This feast day is shared by
223:. According to medieval Irish
211: – 525) is the
13:
1:
5743:Irish Roman Catholic abbesses
5451:Faustina and Liberata of Como
4639:Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia
4584:Teresa Benedicta of the Cross
3508:Saints of the Catholic Church
3255:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
3166:Barnes, Lily (27 June 2019).
3026:Ulster Journal of Archaeology
2829:Kelleher, S. (27 July 2019).
1887:. Prentice-Hall Press, 1991.
1622:
1281:
1266:Heleborus niger augustifolius
1053:About the year 878, owing to
901:
858:Saint Brigid depicted in the
534:
522:
472:
457:
205:
102:
85:
5713:5th-century Christian saints
3072:Ó Ríordáin, John J. (1997).
2327:"St. Brigid of Ireland", CNA
2151:Flood, William Henry Grattan
1677:Jestice, Phyllis G. (2004).
1465:
1340:, the church and village of
1061:and reburied in the tomb of
639:Fartullagh, County Westmeath
239:), as well as several other
7:
5753:Medieval saints of Leinster
3172:National Trust for Scotland
2521:. Vol. 14. p. 63.
2442:Wisdom of the Celtic Saints
2107: ; see D. N. Kissane,
2004:Irish Ecclesiastical Record
1683:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 140–.
1379:
1296:("Brigid's Hill"), such as
1175:, a request granted by the
783:
562:, a people mainly based in
61:Saint Brigid of Ireland in
10:
5784:
5728:6th-century Christian nuns
5708:5th-century Christian nuns
5614:Catholic Church portal
4574:Saints of the Cristero War
3429:Catháin, Séamas Ó (1992).
3287:The Goddess in Glastonbury
2877:de Campos, Manoel (1588).
1634:February 14 / February 1.
1462:is named after the saint.
1425:
1286:
968:
952:In the late 12th century,
922:Catholic Church in Ireland
443:
29:
5602:
5539:
5371:
5213:
4785:
4715:
4647:
4609:Three Martyrs of Chimbote
4379:Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala
4344:
4109:
4076:
3878:
3820:
3707:
3675:
3592:
3554:Mother of God (Theotokos)
3544:
3514:
2391:"History of Kildare Town"
2115:vol. 77, 1977, p. 57-192.
1574:It is also documented by
1479:In the United States, in
1392:are called after Brigid.
1366:Llansantffraid-ym-Mechain
1037:
161:
148:
138:
120:
98:
81:
74:
54:
41:
5768:People from County Louth
5733:6th-century Irish abbots
5718:5th-century Irish abbots
4755:Joseph (father of Jesus)
4141:Athanasius of Alexandria
3923:Athanasius of Alexandria
3807:Theophanes the Confessor
3787:Paul I of Constantinople
3782:Paphnutius the Confessor
3727:Athanasius the Confessor
3413:Friends of Bride's Mound
2439:Sellner, Edward (2006).
2190:, xiv (2000), pp 255–81.
2091:, vol. 35, 1946, p. 537.
1507:
1358:Llansanffraid Glan Conwy
1307:
893:When on the bank of the
746:
656:, "church of the oak").
4687:Gregory the Illuminator
4657:Augustine of Canterbury
4206:Dionysius of Alexandria
4121:Alexander of Alexandria
3225:"About the Name Brigid"
3111:, vol. 62, 1927, p. 418
3000:"St. Brigid of Kildare"
2930:; see Gabriela Morais,
2915:"St. Brigid of Ireland"
2857:"St. Brigid of Kildare"
2684:(subscription required)
2409:"St. Brigid of Ireland"
2375:O’ Donavan, J. (1856).
2346:"St. Brigit of Ireland"
2264:Charles-Edwards, Thomas
1901:Berger, Pamela (1985).
1814:www.brigidoffaughart.ie
1737:Encyclopedia Britannica
1481:Marshall County, Kansas
452:hymns; the first by St
427:
336:
326:
316:
301:
178:Saint Brigid of Ireland
174:Saint Brigid of Kildare
133:Eastern Orthodox Church
5723:6th-century Irish nuns
5703:5th-century Irish nuns
4126:Alexander of Jerusalem
3732:Chariton the Confessor
3694:in the Catholic Church
3078:. The Columbia Press.
2815:Danaher, Kevin (1972)
2598:www.libraryireland.com
2509:Olden, Thomas (1888).
2482:www.libraryireland.com
1552:
1540:Links with Glastonbury
1475:
1218:
1203:abbey of Honau-Rheinau
1159:
1122:Francis Cardinal Moran
1111:King Dinis of Portugal
1050:
1012:
917:
862:
809:Thomas Charles-Edwards
805:
760:
622:
440:
372:
362:
352:
201:
185:
5557:Fourteen Holy Helpers
5521:Trasilla and Emiliana
4672:Evermode of Ratzeburg
4554:Perpetua and Felicity
4524:Martyrs of Sandomierz
4394:Dismas the Good Thief
4321:Theophilus of Antioch
4291:Maximus the Confessor
4226:Epiphanius of Salamis
4166:Clement of Alexandria
3880:Doctors of the Church
3772:Maximus the Confessor
3559:Immaculate Conception
3284:Jones, Kathy (1990).
3194:"St. Bridget, Kansas"
3155:St. Brigid's Toryglen
2699:The Church of England
2634:. Four Courts Press.
2568:"Story of St. Brigid"
2395:Kildare Local History
2160:Catholic Encyclopedia
2155:St. Brigid of Ireland
1954:Christ in the Margins
1952:, & Gateley, E.,
1582:The Benedictine Monk
1576:William of Malmesbury
1547:
1473:
1342:St. Brides Netherwent
1258:, and the Windflower
1243:Vita Sanctae Brigidae
1223:Cross of Saint Brigid
1216:
1192:Monasticon Hibernicum
1150:
1045:
909:
857:
847:Dubthach maccu Lugair
791:
754:
712:Brigid spent time in
620:
484:Vita Sanctae Brigitae
435:
343:[ˈbʲrʲiɣʲidʲ]
334:her name was spelled
5461:Hiltrude of Liessies
5406:Catherine of Bologna
5401:Bernadette Soubirous
4594:17 Thomasian Martyrs
4404:Four Crowned Martyrs
4326:Victorinus of Pettau
4306:Papias of Hierapolis
4276:Jerome of Stridonium
4241:Gregory of Nazianzus
4211:Dionysius of Corinth
4033:Lawrence of Brindisi
3988:Bernard of Clairvaux
3963:Anselm of Canterbury
3918:Gregory of Nazianzus
3845:Priscilla and Aquila
3742:Edward the Confessor
2899:. 14 December 2007.
2724:The Episcopal Church
2677:Charity holiday gift
2537:, Brigidine Sisters"
2419:on 29 November 2014.
2413:Catholic News Agency
2211:Burns, Paul (1998).
1565:St. Patrick's Chapel
1418:'s iconic 1955 book
1330:St. Brides-super-Ely
1235:Patrick Weston Joyce
1229:of the sort used by
1155:Cathedral of Cologne
1126:Archbishop of Sydney
911:Saint Brigid's Cross
606:the King of Leinster
552:Conaille Muirtheimne
5511:Teresa of the Andes
5391:Angela of the Cross
5353:Zechariah (prophet)
4499:Martyrs of La Rioja
4494:21 Martyrs of Libya
4384:Christina of Persia
4364:Charles de Foucauld
4301:Quadratus of Athens
4261:Ignatius of Antioch
4231:Fulgentius of Ruspe
4181:Cyril of Alexandria
4176:Cyprian of Carthage
4161:Cappadocian Fathers
4058:Hildegard of Bingen
3928:Cyril of Alexandria
3802:Sergius of Radonezh
3564:Perpetual virginity
2946:28, 2019, p. 57-75.
2543:on 2 February 2015.
2298:: Appletree Press.
2177:Royal Irish Academy
2175:Proceedings of the
1846:, 2004), pp. 59–60.
1844:Facts on File, Inc.
1584:John of Glastonbury
1181:António Mendes Belo
1130:St. Martin of Tours
1099:Igreja de São Roque
860:Nuremberg Chronicle
733:Ultan of Ardbraccan
465:Brigit Bé Bithmaith
454:Ultan of Ardbraccan
350:she is also called
322:Proto-Indo-European
310:, derived from the
247:of hero tales from
114:Kingdom of Leinster
5552:Four Holy Marshals
5547:Calendar of saints
5516:Teresa of Calcutta
5496:Patricia of Naples
5421:Catherine of Siena
4702:Patrick of Ireland
4624:Vietnamese Martyrs
4514:Martyrs of Otranto
4469:Martyrs of Cajonos
4464:Martyrs of Algeria
4459:Martyrs of Albania
4419:The Holy Innocents
4389:Devasahayam Pillai
4374:Carthusian Martyrs
4316:Polycarp of Smyrna
4271:Isidore of Seville
4256:Hippolytus of Rome
4251:Hilary of Poitiers
4186:Cyril of Jerusalem
4151:Caesarius of Arles
4146:Augustine of Hippo
4048:Thérèse of Lisieux
4043:Catherine of Siena
3993:Hilary of Poitiers
3968:Isidore of Seville
3943:Bede the Venerable
3933:Cyril of Jerusalem
3898:Augustine of Hippo
3812:Pio of Pietrelcina
3777:Michael of Synnada
3211:St. Brigid Island.
2896:St. Brigid's Skull
2883:. Antonio Ribeiro.
2681:The New York Times
2614:. 29 January 2018.
2574:on 27 January 2013
2512:"Darlugdach"
2445:. Bog Walk Press.
2059:codecs.vanhamel.nl
1718:. 20 January 2022.
1599:In popular culture
1567:on the grounds of
1553:
1476:
1348:and the church of
1219:
1095:Emperor Rudolph II
1051:
971:Saint Brigid's Day
965:Saint Brigid's Day
918:
863:
806:
761:
627:consecrated virgin
623:
441:
265:consecrated virgin
129:Anglican Communion
5634:
5633:
5626:Saints portal
5577:Miles Christianus
5562:Martyr of charity
5531:Josephine Bakhita
5526:Ubaldesca Taccini
5471:Kateri Tekakwitha
5446:Faustina Kowalska
5436:Eulalia of Mérida
5416:Catherine Labouré
5411:Brigid of Kildare
5238:Baruch ben Neriah
4682:François de Laval
4667:Damien of Molokai
4634:Victor and Corona
4629:Valentine of Rome
4519:Martyrs of Prague
4484:Martyrs of Gorkum
4444:Martyrs of Lübeck
4331:Vincent of Lérins
4311:Peter Chrysologus
4266:Irenaeus of Lyons
4236:Gregory the Great
4221:Ephrem the Syrian
4018:Robert Bellarmine
4013:John of the Cross
3998:Alphonsus Liguori
3973:Peter Chrysologus
3948:Ephrem the Syrian
3913:Basil of Caesarea
3888:Gregory the Great
3870:Seventy disciples
3762:Lazarus Zographos
3747:Francis of Assisi
3617:James of Alphaeus
3574:Marian apparition
3262:978-1-4408-0389-5
3223:De Blacam, Hugh.
3198:Legends of Kansas
3050:Fuhrmann, J. P.,
2787:978-1-4438-0667-1
2305:978-0-86281-456-4
2219:Burns & Oates
1569:Glastonbury Abbey
1532:, the consort of
1497:St. Brigid Island
1440:St Bride's Church
1416:Margaret Fay Shaw
1413:ethnomusicologist
1356:, the village of
1338:Vale of Glamorgan
1261:Anemone coronaria
1115:Aragonese Crusade
947:Kildare Cathedral
933:Church of England
929:Church of Ireland
924:, as well as the
718:Diocese of Elphin
709:Trias Thaumaturga
706:According to the
678:Bishop of Kildare
631:Cruachán Brí Éile
437:Kildare Cathedral
280:saint's feast day
245:Christianisations
171:
170:
121:Venerated in
32:Bridget of Sweden
18:Brigid of Ireland
16:(Redirected from
5775:
5675:
5674:
5673:
5663:
5662:
5651:
5650:
5649:
5642:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5612:
5611:
5491:Narcisa de Jesús
5476:Lucy of Syracuse
5381:Agatha of Sicily
5293:John the Baptist
4539:Maximilian Kolbe
4534:Martyrs of Zenta
4509:Martyrs of Natal
4489:Martyrs of Japan
4479:Martyrs of China
4474:Martyrs of Drina
4409:Gerard of Csanád
4369:Canadian Martyrs
4354:Abda and Abdisho
4296:Melito of Sardis
4286:John of Damascus
4246:Gregory of Nyssa
4131:Ambrose of Milan
4063:Gregory of Narek
4028:Anthony of Padua
4003:Francis de Sales
3938:John of Damascus
3584:Joseph (husband)
3536: →
3532: →
3528: →
3501:
3494:
3487:
3478:
3477:
3458:
3417:
3416:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3354:
3345:
3344:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3220:
3214:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3163:
3157:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3134:
3128:
3119:
3113:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3069:
3063:
3056:Washington, D.C.
3048:
3042:
3041:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2953:
2947:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2874:
2865:
2864:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2826:
2820:
2813:
2800:
2799:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2691:
2685:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2625:
2616:
2615:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2564:
2558:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2539:. Archived from
2529:
2523:
2522:
2514:
2506:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2474:
2465:
2464:
2436:
2430:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2415:. Archived from
2405:
2399:
2398:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2356:on 19 March 2021
2352:. Archived from
2342:
2329:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2282:
2276:
2261:
2250:
2249:
2238:
2223:
2222:
2208:
2191:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2116:
2098:
2092:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2051:
2045:
2030:
2024:
1995:
1989:
1971:
1965:
1964:, 2003), p. 121.
1947:
1941:
1934:
1925:
1924:
1908:
1898:
1892:
1881:Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí
1878:
1847:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1788:
1773:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1729:
1720:
1719:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1699:
1697:
1674:
1668:
1661:
1638:
1632:
1491:Avalon Peninsula
1177:Bishop of Lisbon
1087:Society of Jesus
1015:
996:Brigid's crosses
987:(1 August), and
937:Episcopal Church
780:of both saints.
682:superior general
556:Kingdom of Ulaid
527:
524:
477:
474:
462:
459:
410:Christianisation
375:
365:
355:
345:
339:
329:
319:
284:Brigid's crosses
253:Irish clan chief
210:
207:
107:
104:
90:
87:
59:
39:
38:
21:
5783:
5782:
5778:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5773:
5772:
5763:Anglican saints
5683:
5682:
5681:
5671:
5669:
5657:
5647:
5645:
5637:
5635:
5630:
5620:
5618:
5606:
5598:
5589:Seven Champions
5582:Church Militant
5572:Athleta Christi
5567:Military saints
5535:
5431:Clare of Assisi
5367:
5303:Judas Barsabbas
5209:
4781:
4711:
4697:Nino of Georgia
4643:
4549:Pedro Calungsod
4504:Martyrs of Laos
4449:Luigi Versiglia
4340:
4281:John Chrysostom
4171:Clement of Rome
4112:
4105:
4072:
4038:Teresa of Ávila
4023:Albertus Magnus
3908:John Chrysostom
3874:
3835:Mary of Bethany
3816:
3722:Anthony of Kiev
3703:
3671:
3622:James the Great
3588:
3540:
3519:
3510:
3505:
3425:
3423:Further reading
3420:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3379:10.2307/2849009
3355:
3348:
3333:
3325:. D.S. Brewer.
3317:
3313:
3298:
3282:
3278:
3263:
3247:
3243:
3233:
3231:
3221:
3217:
3209:
3205:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3164:
3160:
3153:
3149:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3120:
3116:
3109:House Beautiful
3105:
3101:
3086:
3070:
3066:
3062:, 1927), p. 39.
3049:
3045:
3022:
3018:
3008:
3006:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2985:
2979:
2975:
2965:
2963:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2923:
2921:
2919:Catholic Online
2913:
2912:
2908:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2875:
2868:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2827:
2823:
2814:
2803:
2788:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2756:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2728:
2726:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2703:
2701:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2675:
2671:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2642:
2626:
2619:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2577:
2575:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2552:
2548:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2507:
2496:
2486:
2484:
2476:
2475:
2468:
2453:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2373:
2369:
2359:
2357:
2350:Monastic Matrix
2344:
2343:
2332:
2325:
2321:
2306:
2286:Wallace, Martin
2283:
2279:
2262:
2253:
2240:
2239:
2226:
2221:. pp. 1–4.
2209:
2194:
2172:
2168:
2140:
2138:
2119:
2099:
2095:
2077:
2073:
2063:
2061:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2031:
2027:
1996:
1992:
1972:
1968:
1948:
1944:
1936:Wright, Brian.
1935:
1928:
1921:
1899:
1895:
1879:
1850:
1832:
1828:
1818:
1816:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1789:
1776:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1739:
1731:
1730:
1723:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1675:
1671:
1663:Farmer, David.
1662:
1641:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1611:romantic comedy
1601:
1561:Glastonbury Tor
1542:
1510:
1468:
1448:
1428:
1382:
1334:St Brides Major
1310:
1289:
1284:
1271:Quercus petraea
1251:Lilium candidum
1211:
1040:
973:
967:
954:Gerald of Wales
904:
816:Dáithí Ó hÓgáin
792:A 16th-century
786:
774:Catholic Church
749:
697:Gerald of Wales
693:Book of Kildare
615:
546:(just north of
537:
525:
475:
460:
446:
430:
418:Dáithí Ó hÓgáin
394:
340:and pronounced
304:
249:Irish mythology
213:patroness saint
208:
190:Classical Irish
131:
127:
125:Catholic Church
108:
105:
91:
88:
70:
50:
47:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5781:
5771:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5680:
5679:
5667:
5655:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5628:
5616:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5596:
5594:Virtuous pagan
5591:
5586:
5585:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5543:
5541:
5537:
5536:
5534:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5377:
5375:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5365:
5360:
5358:Zechariah (NT)
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5219:
5217:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4791:
4789:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4721:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4692:Junípero Serra
4689:
4684:
4679:
4677:Francis Xavier
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4653:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4619:Uganda Martyrs
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4589:Titus Brandsma
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4564:Pietro Parenzo
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4434:Korean Martyrs
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4359:Boris and Gleb
4356:
4350:
4348:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4201:Desert Mothers
4198:
4196:Desert Fathers
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4117:
4115:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4082:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4008:Peter Canisius
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3953:Thomas Aquinas
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3884:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3840:Mary Magdalene
3837:
3832:
3826:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3767:Louis Bertrand
3764:
3759:
3754:
3752:Francis Borgia
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3713:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3687:
3681:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3598:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3581:
3579:Titles of Mary
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3550:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3526:Servant of God
3515:
3512:
3511:
3504:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3470:Condren,Mary.
3468:
3459:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3400:
3373:(3): 819–820.
3346:
3331:
3311:
3296:
3276:
3261:
3241:
3215:
3203:
3184:
3158:
3147:
3129:
3114:
3099:
3084:
3064:
3043:
3016:
2991:
2973:
2948:
2906:
2886:
2866:
2847:
2821:
2801:
2786:
2766:
2736:
2711:
2695:"The Calendar"
2686:
2669:
2655:
2640:
2617:
2603:
2585:
2559:
2546:
2524:
2494:
2466:
2451:
2431:
2422:
2400:
2382:
2367:
2330:
2319:
2304:
2277:
2251:
2242:"Bethu Brigte"
2224:
2192:
2166:
2163:. Vol. 2.
2117:
2093:
2071:
2046:
2025:
1990:
1973:David Howlett,
1966:
1942:
1926:
1919:
1893:
1848:
1826:
1801:
1792:Hutton, Ronald
1774:
1756:Woods, R. J.,
1749:
1721:
1707:
1689:
1669:
1639:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1600:
1597:
1541:
1538:
1530:Maman Brigitte
1528:the death loa
1522:Mary Magdalene
1509:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1494:
1484:
1467:
1464:
1447:
1444:
1436:City of London
1427:
1424:
1381:
1378:
1370:Llansantffraed
1362:Llansantffraid
1309:
1306:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1210:
1207:
1107:Lisbon Airport
1097:, that is the
1075:Down Cathedral
1071:John de Courcy
1039:
1036:
991:(1 November).
969:Main article:
966:
963:
958:perpetual fire
903:
900:
899:
898:
891:
887:
883:
870:
867:
852:
851:
843:
832:
785:
782:
748:
745:
722:Book of Armagh
614:
613:Religious life
611:
554:, part of the
536:
533:
445:
442:
429:
426:
414:mother goddess
393:
390:
360:she is called
303:
300:
269:perpetual fire
169:
168:
165:
159:
158:
155:Brigid's cross
152:
146:
145:
142:
136:
135:
122:
118:
117:
100:
96:
95:
93:Gaelic Ireland
83:
79:
78:
72:
71:
60:
52:
51:
48:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5780:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5678:
5668:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5654:
5644:
5643:
5640:
5627:
5617:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5604:
5601:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5569:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5538:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5481:Maria Goretti
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5386:Agnes of Rome
5384:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5374:
5370:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5216:
5212:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4778:
4777:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4718:
4714:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4599:Thomas Becket
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4424:Irish Martyrs
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4108:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4053:John of Ávila
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3978:Leo the Great
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3509:
3502:
3497:
3495:
3490:
3488:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3473:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3427:
3426:
3414:
3410:
3404:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3362:
3353:
3351:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3332:0-85991-572-7
3328:
3324:
3323:
3315:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3297:1-872983-00-6
3293:
3289:
3288:
3280:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3245:
3230:
3226:
3219:
3212:
3207:
3199:
3195:
3188:
3173:
3169:
3162:
3156:
3151:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3127:
3125:
3118:
3112:
3110:
3103:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3085:1-85607-174-X
3081:
3077:
3076:
3068:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3020:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2984:
2977:
2962:
2961:SIPA Database
2958:
2952:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2934:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2890:
2882:
2881:
2873:
2871:
2862:
2858:
2851:
2836:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2779:
2778:
2770:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2725:
2721:
2715:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2665:
2659:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2641:1-85182-144-9
2637:
2633:
2632:
2624:
2622:
2613:
2607:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2556:
2550:
2542:
2538:
2536:
2535:Our Patroness
2528:
2520:
2519:
2513:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2452:0-9706511-3-9
2448:
2444:
2443:
2435:
2426:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2378:
2371:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2328:
2323:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2247:
2243:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2170:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2146:public domain
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2083:Ludwig Bieler
2080:
2075:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1939:
1933:
1931:
1922:
1920:9780807067239
1916:
1912:
1907:
1906:
1897:
1890:
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1766:Orbis Books
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2966:19 October
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2759:18 January
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1696:1 February
1623:References
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1501:Antarctica
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652:(
235:(
180:(
34:.
20:)
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