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Bristol Bay area and its wildlife and residents. In April 2003, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency issued an assessment of the impact of the proposed mining operations on fisheries, wildlife, and native Alaska tribes. Between 2014 and May 2017, Pebble sued the EPA several times. The company argued the EPA unfairly assumed the scope of the mine before it formally filed mining plans. Northern Dynasty Minerals LLC. accused the government agency of colluding with anti-mine activists to reach its conclusions.
472:, each occurring seasonally. Chinook return to their freshwater spawning grounds earliest in the summer, followed by Sockeye and Chum. Coho and Pink salmon swim to their spawning grounds last, later in the summer. Fishing activity peaks for specific species during times of the highest concentration of salmon moving from the saltwater Pacific Ocean to the brackish Bristol Bay, then finally to their freshwater natal spawning streams at the headwaters of the many lakes and rivers in the Bristol Bay watershed.
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of
Northern Dynasty Minerals, and Tom Collier, chief executive of Pebble Limited Partnership. During the conversations Collier and Thiessen detailed their plans to gain the favor of elected politicians from Juneau to Washington, D.C. to gain a favorable outcome for the approval of the mining operation. The conversations also revealed that while the company is seeking a 20 year permit, Thiessen outlined how it could last another 160 years.
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353:. More recently, its proximity to mineral, animal and seafood riches provided an incentive for human habitation along its shoreline. Early Russian and English exploration provided most of the non-native influences of the area. During his voyage through the area in 1778, the famed British navigator and explorer Captain
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In July 2019, the EPA withdrew their preemptive proposed determination to restrict use of the pebble deposit area as a disposal site. In
September 2020, while posing as potential investors in the mine an environmental activist group secretly taped conversations with Ronald Thiessen, chief executive
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Canneries include North
Pacific Seafoods, Togiak Seafoods, Bristol Bay Setnet, Friedman Family Fisheries, Peter Pan Seafoods, Ekuk Fisheries, Big Creek Shore plant, Coffee Point Seafood, Icicle Seafoods, Wild Premium Salmon, Seafood Enterprises of Alaska, Alaska General Seafoods, Alaska Salmon Wild,
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Because of the estimated 10 billion tons of mining waste that must be permanently stored in the area, which is an active earthquake zone, and Rio Tinto's environmental track record, which is seen as poor by many environmental advocacy groups, fears have been raised about the potential impact on the
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On an international scale, Sockeye salmon are a relatively rare creature. Like other wild salmon species, Sockeye harvests fluctuate but comprise 4 to 7 percent of global salmon production and 13 to 20 percent of wild salmon harvests. Between 2011 and 2014, Sockeye salmon accounted for 5 percent of
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In 1938, the United States agreed with Japan that the
Japanese would refrain from fishing in Alaskan waters. This agreement was honored until Japan and the United States entered World War 2. In the 1950s, Japan was strengthening its fishing presence in the Pacific; the US, Canada, and Japan passed
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During the first 50 years of commercial salmon fishing in
Bristol Bay, the fishing boats were restricted to sail power. When this restriction lifted in 1951, it took only seven short years to outfit all the boats (approximately 1,500) with diesel or gas engines. In the late 1920s another law was
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Bristol Bay is home to the world's largest salmon run. All five
Eastern Pacific species spawn in the bay's freshwater tributaries. Commercial fisheries include the world's largest Sockeye salmon fishery. The Kvijack drains from Lake Iliamna. Along with herring and other fisheries, salmon fishing
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After more than two decades of opposition by a majority of
Bristol Bay residents and Tribes, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) used its authority under the Clean Water Act 404(c) to stop the proposed Pebble Mine project. The EPA released a Final Determination which declared that after
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has grown exponentially in recent years. Sports fishing is another important local industry. Many lodges cater to sport fishermen targeting the salmon and trout populations in the freshwater tributaries. Freshwater species include humpback whitefish (Coregonus pidschianpp), Dolly Varden trout
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have tidal extremes in excess of 10 m (30 ft), ranking them — and the area — as eighth highest in the world. Coupled with the extreme number of shoals, sandbars, and shallows, it makes navigation troublesome, especially during the area's frequently strong winds. As the
1004:. Northern Dynasty Minerals LLC staked a claim on the site in 2001 and with its partners, invested 500 million dollars into the project. The mining company lost all of its partners in 2011 due to increasing government regulations and distrust by its partners.
389:. The original Eskimo village at Naknek went through various names as recorded by the Russians after they arrived in the area in 1819 (1821-“Naugeik”; 1880- “Kinuyak”; and finally Naknek as named by Russian Navy Captain Tebenkov). Later, in 1819, an
1152:"Bristol Bay Cultures and History :: Online Visitor Guide Bristol Bay Borough Alaska - Fly Fishing Alaska - Bear Viewing - Katmai National Park :: Bristol Bay Alaska :: Naknek :: King Salmon :: South Naknek"
501:
Da Kine
Enterprise, Extreme Salmon, Great Ruby Fish, My Girl, Naknek Family Fisheries, North Pacific Seafoods, Ocean Beauty, Silver Bay Seafoods, Trident Seafoods, Tulchina Fisheries, Diamond Lodge Smokehouse, and Nakeen Homepack.
959:; the former being influenced early-on by salmon-cannery employees from around the world including European and Asian people. King Salmon was populated by military personnel stationed, primarily during Cold War years, at the
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The influence of the Katmai
Volcano Explosion in 1912 and the influenza epidemic in 1919 decimated the Naknek people and area. According to oral history, there were only about three original families left at that time.
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the North Pacific Fisheries Treaty. This treaty managed the resources of the region jointly to preserve the future generations of fish. This agreement is the model for international fisheries regulations today.
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At that time, the Fisheries Bureau prohibited the use of motorized vessels, fish traps, and purse seines in Alaska. This was to ensure a 50% escapement of the spawning salmon, to guarantee their sustainability.
410:, etc. In 1883 the first salmon cannery was open in Bristol Bay” (Source information from the cannery article to give context on the expansion of the salmon industry in Alaska and the history of growth.
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conducted extensive surveys of the Bering Sea coastline into the mid-19th century, naming many of the geographical features commonly used today: Capes Constantine, Chichagof, Menshikof and Greig, Mounts
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Bristol Bay is a remote part of Alaska. The canneries preserve the freshness of the salmon which are gutted, cleaned, and processed on site. These companies have established a presence in Bristol Bay.
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extensive scientific and technical research and robust stakeholder engagement that the Pebble Mine would have unacceptable adverse affects to salmon fishery areas in the Bristol Bay watershed.
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The Japanese fleet was composed of diesel-powered steel vessels. The Japanese had a technological advantage over the American fisherman and dominated the bay that summer.
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On July 7 1937, Alaskans witnessed conflict as Japanese fishing vessels entered the waters of Bristol Bay with 10,000-ton fishing trawlers to harvest salmon.
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277:. Bristol Bay is 400 km (250 mi) long and 290 km (180 mi) wide at its mouth. A number of rivers flow into the bay, including the
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555:(pending public comments until 2/5/2007), also proposes to open most of the BLM's 3,600,000 acres (1,500,000 ha) in the area to
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sent exploratory parties to document the coast and nearby inland areas of Bristol Bay. One of these charted the area between the
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Abundance, age, sex, and size statistics for Pacific herring in the Togiak district of Bristol Bay, 2004 / by Chuck Brazil.
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1351:"EPA Withdraws Outdated, Preemptive Proposed Determination to Restrict Use of the Pebble Deposit Area as a Disposal Site"
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The area has also experienced significant interest in oil and mineral development, most notably with the proposed
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by the name of Andrei Ustiugov drew the first intensive charts of Bristol Bay. Additionally, ships of the
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1406:"Alaska mining executive resigns a day after being caught on tape boasting of his ties to GOP politicians"
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shallowest part of the Bering Sea, Bristol Bay is one of the most dangerous regions for large vessels.
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Upper reaches of Bristol Bay experience some of the highest tides in the world. One such reach, the
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deposit in the Bristol Bay region has been proposed and may be undertaken by British-Australian
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the world's salmon harvest by volume and 15 percent of the world's wild salmon harvest.
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passed restricting the length of the boats to 32 feet. This law holds true even today.
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Mineral Investigations in the Bristol Bay Mining District Study Area, Southwest Alaska
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In ancient times, much of Bristol Bay was dry and arable, along with much of the
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After establishing some temporary settlements in the late 1790s, The
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external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
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1177:"Obama protects Alaska's Bristol Bay from oil and gas drilling"
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536:(Salvelinus malma), and Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
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Greenfield, Nicole; Turrentine, Jeff (February 13, 2023).
1126:"On the brink of war – the 1937 Bristol Bay salmon crisis"
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1071:"The Canneries Cabins and Caches of Bristol Bay, Alaska"
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Bodies of water of Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska
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1241:"Rio Tinto delivers strong first quarter production"
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A mineral exploration project investigating a large
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All of these communities are primarily inhabited by
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1611:Bodies of water of Dillingham Census Area, Alaska
575:The largest community in the Bristol Bay area is
449:Bristol Bay is home to the world's most abundant
149:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines
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1055:Карта Ледовитого моря и Восточного океана (1844)
1606:Bodies of water of Bristol Bay Borough, Alaska
1525:Pebble Watch by Bristol Bay Native Corporation
1132:(Interview). Interviewed by Shady Grove Oliver
1434:"Final Determination for Pebble Deposit Area"
1223:"Bristol Bay | Commercial Fisheries Overview"
1456:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
273:, at 57° to 59° North 157° to 162° West in
61:Learn how and when to remove these messages
445:Nushagak River, draining into Bristol Bay
203:Learn how and when to remove this message
185:Learn how and when to remove this message
118:Learn how and when to remove this message
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485:accounts for nearly 75% of local jobs.
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1495:Lake and Peninsula School District
1320:Friedman, Sam (November 2, 2017).
1227:Alaska Department of Fish and Game
87:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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1546:Alaska State Publications Program
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1404:Eilperin, Juliet (Sep 23, 2020).
1376:Eilperin, Juliet (Sep 30, 2020).
965:Katmai National Park and Preserve
533:Katmai National Park and Preserve
345:Tundra landscape near Bristol Bay
42:This article has multiple issues.
1500:Southwest Region School District
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1277:"Crushing Alaska's Pebble Mine"
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1250:. 15 April 2014. Archived from
1104:Alaskan Historical Society Blog
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50:or discuss these issues on the
1510:Bristol Bay Native Corporation
1505:Bristol Bay Native Association
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571:Abandoned cabin on Bristol Bay
519:and the associated canneries,
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1432:US EPA, REG 10 (2023-01-30).
1124:Coen, Ross (March 21, 2013).
1098:Coen, Ross (April 15, 2013).
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961:King Salmon Air Force Station
1515:United Tribes of Bristol Bay
1480:Lake & Peninsula Borough
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559:and oil and gas drilling.
508:Shore of Bristol Bay near
456:as well as strong runs of
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1554:Bureau of Land Management
553:Bureau of Land Management
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215:Bay near southwest Alaska
379:Russian American Company
1326:Alaska Business Monthly
359:Admiral Earl of Bristol
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102:more precise citations.
1621:Bays of the Bering Sea
1057:, Upload.wikimedia.org
1036:Dillingham Census Area
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543:on the north shore of
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549:North Aleutians Basin
515:Major industries are
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466:Chinook (king) salmon
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241:Bristol Bay fisherman
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1322:"Pebble Mine Update"
971:Proposed Pebble Mine
462:Coho (silver) salmon
451:Sockeye (red) salmon
373:Shore of Bristol Bay
155:improve this article
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1520:Bristol Bay Forever
1485:Bristol Bay Borough
1411:The Washington Post
1383:The Washington Post
1194:"About Bristol Bay"
1156:Visitbristolbay.com
1130:Stikine River Radio
1026:Bristol Bay Borough
872:Pope-Vannoy Landing
470:Pink (humpy) salmon
167:footnote references
18:Bristol Bay, Alaska
1577:57.667°N 159.833°W
1475:City of Dillingham
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517:commercial fishing
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480:Commercial fishing
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267:Залив Бристольский
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222:Map of Bristol Bay
1536:Technical reports
1301:. 25 January 2013
1200:. 29 January 2013
1181:Los Angeles Times
458:Chum (dog) salmon
324:and another near
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1530:Save Bristol Bay
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541:Pebble Mine
330:Kvichak Bay
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100:introducing
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1443:2024-02-07
1361:29 January
1336:2018-02-13
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1161:29 January
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