22:
193:
stationed at
Eboracum. However, although Britannia Inferior had only the single legion (compared to the two stationed in Britannia Superior) the northern province actually had more soldiers than the south did, as a result of the large number of auxiliaries in the north. After the successes of Severus against the northern tribes, these troops furnished small units known as exploratores which were sent beyond the frontier to oversee native activities and ensure that the terms of Roman treaties with these groups were upheld. These measures were mostly effective and during Britannia Inferior's existence the northern border was largely peaceful after the campaign of Severus.
30:
119:
130:
192:
In the reign of
Severus, the province's fortifications were significantly improved in order to provide better defence against northern tribes. A major rebuilding of Hadrian's Wall was included among these efforts. The province hosted a single legion during Caracalla's reign, the VI Victrix, which was
163:
to oversee the military campaigns against the northern tribes. While there is some confusion as to the exact date when the subdivision of
Britannia was made, it seems clear that Severus's intentions were to break up the size of the military under the command of an individual governor (as he had done
158:
fell into neglect and disrepair. The peace of the region was further disturbed in the tumultuous period after
Commodus' death as the military power vacuum on the continent distracted the defensive legions stationed in Britannia. After his accession in 193, Severus took special interest in
196:
From 260 to 273 AD Britannia
Inferior, along with much of the rest of the western Empire, broke away from the rest of the Roman Empire to form the Gallic Empire. The second half of the province's history also coincided with a period of poor economic conditions across Roman Britain.
178:
puts the date of the split in 197, although there is no evidence of this distinction being formalised in inscriptions until after the death of
Severus in 211. Thus, it is likely that the division of military control in Britannia was formally established by
183:
sometime between 211 and 20. Caracalla also moved the southern border of the province northwards from the line established by
Severus, transferring northern modern Wales and the region surrounding Chester to Britannia Superior.
2160:
1024:
2185:
2150:
1400:
414:
2175:
2180:
1395:
2170:
1017:
613:
1010:
434:
21:
171:
An
African inscription dated to the reign of Caracalla provides a potential early confirmation of the division occurring under Severus
107:) by a praetorian legate in command of a single legion stationed in the city. This subdivision of Britannia lasted throughout the
2155:
548:
520:
1088:
established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the
168:), preventing them from wielding too large a military force, or at least one that could destabilize the emperor's control.
1530:
606:
1679:
495:
1002:
2104:
1355:
511:
Hanson, W.S (2004). "Scotland and the
Northern Frontier: Second to Fourth Centuries AD". In Todd, Malcolm (ed.).
258:, the Roman controlled area in Britain of which Britannia Inferior and Superior were the two primary subdivisions
1423:
1347:
1336:
2145:
1490:
1124:
904:
777:
599:
1927:
1033:
2165:
1410:
65:
53:
586:
ed. Naphtali Lewis and Meyer
Reinhold, 3rd ed. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990, pp. 427-428.
2190:
1607:
1549:
1360:
634:
415:
Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione dell'Istituto italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente
1947:
1932:
1756:
1485:
1432:
1428:
1390:
1322:
1143:
919:
1751:
1698:
1635:
1475:
1465:
1294:
1264:
691:
638:
1957:
1284:
1972:
1741:
1554:
1480:
1073:
29:
2110:
1627:
1279:
1111:
1081:
213:
8:
2116:
2071:
1889:
1879:
1541:
1370:
1317:
1312:
1085:
867:
842:
801:
233:
221:
622:
1967:
1942:
1849:
1824:
1713:
1597:
1447:
1259:
1056:
715:
358:
295:
249:
225:
2094:
1801:
1791:
1786:
1690:
1660:
1457:
1307:
1198:
1188:
1163:
1158:
817:
544:
516:
491:
229:
138:
122:
73:
57:
2030:
2025:
1982:
1937:
1844:
1589:
1579:
1569:
1517:
1254:
1246:
1032:
895:
855:
768:
700:
449:
350:
287:
92:
2010:
2000:
1907:
1859:
1814:
1733:
1655:
1640:
1559:
1302:
1206:
1178:
1153:
1135:
792:
341:
Atkinson, Donald (1922). "The Governors of Britain from Claudius to Diocletian".
217:
108:
77:
118:
2020:
2015:
2005:
1952:
1897:
1708:
1602:
1574:
1564:
1442:
1231:
1226:
1183:
1173:
1096:
and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.
851:
324:
49:
453:
2139:
1902:
1854:
1819:
1809:
1718:
1418:
1221:
1216:
1168:
1148:
1077:
1061:
653:
626:
591:
255:
134:
81:
45:
412:
Jerary, M. Tahar (2008). "Septimius Severus the Roman Emperor, 193-211 AD".
2100:
1917:
1912:
1864:
1650:
1617:
1612:
1437:
1211:
1089:
938:
200:
The symbol of the province, attested by several lead sealings, was a bull.
60:
although the division may have occurred later, between 211 and 220, under
2123:
1995:
1962:
1874:
1829:
1703:
1645:
805:
662:
165:
1990:
1834:
1236:
1065:
974:
948:
928:
666:
209:
112:
362:
299:
159:
refortifying the northern border in Britannia, and in 208 he moved to
1776:
1665:
1274:
1269:
952:
876:
724:
672:
180:
155:
85:
69:
61:
2122: Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by
1869:
1839:
1761:
1470:
1385:
1093:
932:
826:
749:
354:
291:
175:
160:
151:
129:
100:
96:
84:. The province was probably formalised around 214 by Severus's son
2066:
1922:
1781:
1723:
1486:
Numidia (divided as Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)
1380:
1375:
1365:
942:
212:
conducted a major reorganisation of the empire. The newly named
2076:
981:
880:
728:
676:
237:
564:
Woods, David (2000). "Julian, Gallienus, and the Solar Bull".
1771:
1766:
1746:
467:
Mann, J.C.; Jarrett, M.G. (1967). "The Division of Britain".
41:
584:
Roman Civilization Volume II: Selected Readings, The Empire,
830:
753:
104:
1080:. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of
154:, the defences along the northern border of the empire in
2161:
States and territories disestablished in the 3rd century
393:
Mann, J.C. (1997). "The Division of Britain in AD 197".
1516:
435:"The Supply and Movement of Denarii in Roman Britain"
133:
Major landmarks of the province, showing in red the
331:, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1967, p. 169
315:, London: Cambridge University Press, 1970: p.706
1110:
56:probably around AD 197 during the reforms of
2137:
278:Graham, A.J. (1966). "The Division of Britain".
2186:3rd-century disestablishments in Roman Britain
2151:States and territories established in the 190s
621:
2103:by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate
1018:
607:
111:until the reorganisation of the empire under
995:Question marks denote uncertain associations
993:Placenames in brackets are present-day names
2176:2nd-century establishments in Roman Britain
2126:'s administrative reorganization in 534–536
466:
125:, the northern border of Britannia Inferior
99:, the region was governed from the city of
2181:290s disestablishments in the Roman Empire
1025:
1011:
614:
600:
395:Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik
1060:. Provincial administration reformed and
432:
381:The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume XII
313:The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume XII
76:was aimed at reducing their power, given
1034:Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces
651:
340:
128:
117:
28:
20:
2171:190s establishments in the Roman Empire
917:
538:
72:from control over the legions guarding
2138:
582:"124: The Provincial Reorganisation",
534:
532:
510:
485:
411:
376:
374:
372:
277:
2056:
2055:
1515:
1109:
1045:
1006:
595:
563:
329:Britannia: a history of Roman Britain
273:
271:
16:3rd-century Roman province in Britain
543:. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 101.
488:From Roman Britain to Normal England
392:
216:was subdivided into four provinces,
529:
490:. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 58.
369:
25:Map of Britannia Inferior in 260 AD
13:
515:. Malden: Blackwell. p. 139.
268:
14:
2202:
203:
1466:Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana)
1092:in c. 640–660, although in
145:
1076:established after the death of
576:
566:American Journal of Numismatics
557:
504:
479:
1424:Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium
1348:Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy
460:
426:
405:
386:
334:
318:
306:
1:
1491:Tripolitania (Roman province)
1069:
905:
896:
778:
769:
701:
692:
639:
262:
2156:3rd century in Roman Britain
513:A Companion to Roman Britain
469:The Journal of Roman Studies
401:: 253–254 – via JSTOR.
343:The Journal of Roman Studies
280:The Journal of Roman Studies
7:
2099: Re-established after
1411:Diocese of Annonarian Italy
1046:
243:
240:) from Britannia Inferior.
10:
2207:
232:(capital in Eboracum) and
187:
33:Britannia Inferior locator
2089:
2072:Quaestura exercitus (536)
2062:
2051:
1981:
1888:
1800:
1732:
1689:
1678:
1626:
1588:
1540:
1529:
1525:
1511:
1456:
1409:
1346:
1335:
1293:
1245:
1197:
1134:
1123:
1119:
1105:
1052:
1041:
991:
966:
894:
865:
840:
815:
790:
767:
738:
713:
690:
633:
454:10.1017/S0068113X14000282
91:Including most of modern
1948:Palaestina III Salutaris
1144:Alpes Poeninae et Graiae
433:Creighton, John (2014).
80:'s recent bid to become
2115: Placed under the
1476:Mauretania Caesariensis
1295:Diocese of the Britains
539:Shotter, David (1998).
1958:Phoenice II Libanensis
1661:Macedonia II Salutaris
1074:praetorian prefectures
1036:(4th–7th centuries AD)
142:
126:
34:
26:
1680:Praetorian prefecture
1555:Noricum mediterraneum
1531:Praetorian prefecture
1481:Mauretania Sitifensis
1376:Picenum Suburbicarium
1337:Praetorian prefecture
1125:Praetorian prefecture
1072: 293. Permanent
486:Sawyer, P.H. (1978).
132:
121:
64:. The removal of the
32:
24:
2146:Late Roman provinces
2111:Diocese of Illyricum
2105:Prefecture of Africa
1860:Galatia II Salutaris
1628:Diocese of Macedonia
1518:Eastern Roman Empire
1280:Mauretania Tingitana
1112:Western Roman Empire
967:Apocryphal provinces
214:Diocese of Britannia
208:In 296, the emperor
150:During the reign of
2117:Quaestura exercitus
1890:Diocese of the East
1880:Pontus Polemoniacus
1542:Diocese of Pannonia
1371:Lucania et Bruttium
1318:Maxima Caesariensis
1313:Flavia Caesariensis
868:Maxima Caesariensis
843:Flavia Caesariensis
802:Corinium Dobunnorum
234:Flavia Caesariensis
222:Maxima Caesariensis
2166:197 establishments
1968:Syria II Salutaris
1825:Armenian Satrapies
1598:Dacia Mediterranea
1520:(395–c. 640)
1448:Venetia et Histria
1356:Apulia et Calabria
1057:Notitia Dignitatum
741:Britannia Inferior
716:Britannia Superior
250:Britannia Superior
226:Britannia Superior
143:
127:
38:Britannia Inferior
35:
27:
2133:
2132:
2095:Septem Provinciae
2085:
2084:
2057:Other territories
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2038:
1830:Armenia III (536)
1802:Diocese of Pontus
1792:Phrygia Salutaris
1787:Phrygia Pacatiana
1691:Diocese of Thrace
1674:
1673:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1458:Diocese of Africa
1331:
1330:
1199:Diocese of Vienne
1189:Maxima Sequanorum
1101:
1100:
1000:
999:
962:
961:
890:
889:
763:
762:
686:
685:
550:978-0-415-31943-0
522:978-0-631-21823-4
252:("Upper Britain")
230:Britannia Secunda
58:Septimius Severus
2198:
2191:Northern England
2109: Later the
2093: Later the
2053:
2052:
2031:Thebais Inferior
2026:Thebais Superior
1983:Diocese of Egypt
1973:Theodorias (528)
1835:Armenia IV (536)
1687:
1686:
1590:Diocese of Dacia
1580:Valeria ripensis
1538:
1537:
1527:
1526:
1513:
1512:
1396:Tuscia et Umbria
1344:
1343:
1247:Diocese of Spain
1132:
1131:
1121:
1120:
1107:
1106:
1071:
1054:As found in the
1043:
1042:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1004:
1003:
915:
914:
910:
907:
901:
898:
788:
787:
783:
780:
774:
771:
711:
710:
706:
703:
697:
694:
649:
648:
644:
641:
616:
609:
602:
593:
592:
587:
580:
574:
573:
561:
555:
554:
536:
527:
526:
508:
502:
501:
483:
477:
476:
464:
458:
457:
439:
430:
424:
423:
409:
403:
402:
390:
384:
378:
367:
366:
338:
332:
322:
316:
310:
304:
303:
275:
93:northern England
2206:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2081:
2058:
2035:
2011:Augustamnica II
1977:
1884:
1796:
1734:Diocese of Asia
1728:
1681:
1670:
1656:Macedonia Prima
1622:
1584:
1560:Noricum ripense
1532:
1521:
1495:
1452:
1405:
1338:
1327:
1289:
1241:
1207:Alpes Maritimae
1193:
1179:Lugdunensis III
1136:Diocese of Gaul
1126:
1115:
1114:(395–476)
1097:
1064:established by
1048:
1037:
1031:
1001:
996:
994:
987:
958:
908:
899:
886:
861:
836:
811:
781:
772:
759:
734:
704:
695:
682:
642:
629:
620:
590:
581:
577:
562:
558:
551:
537:
530:
523:
509:
505:
498:
484:
480:
465:
461:
437:
431:
427:
410:
406:
391:
387:
379:
370:
339:
335:
323:
319:
311:
307:
276:
269:
265:
246:
218:Britannia Prima
206:
190:
148:
109:Severan dynasty
78:Clodius Albinus
17:
12:
11:
5:
2204:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2107:
2097:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2021:Libya Inferior
2018:
2016:Libya Superior
2013:
2008:
2006:Augustamnica I
2003:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1894:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1806:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1762:Lycaonia (370)
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1738:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1695:
1693:
1684:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1603:Dacia Ripensis
1600:
1594:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1546:
1544:
1535:
1523:
1522:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1462:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1426:
1421:
1415:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1352:
1350:
1341:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1265:Carthaginensis
1262:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1232:Novempopulania
1229:
1227:Narbonensis II
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1203:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1184:Lugdunensis IV
1181:
1176:
1174:Lugdunensis II
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1129:
1117:
1116:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1039:
1038:
1030:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1007:
998:
997:
992:
989:
988:
986:
985:
978:
970:
968:
964:
963:
960:
959:
957:
956:
946:
936:
925:
923:
912:
892:
891:
888:
887:
885:
884:
873:
871:
863:
862:
860:
859:
852:Lindum Colonia
848:
846:
838:
837:
835:
834:
823:
821:
813:
812:
810:
809:
798:
796:
785:
765:
764:
761:
760:
758:
757:
746:
744:
736:
735:
733:
732:
721:
719:
708:
688:
687:
684:
683:
681:
680:
670:
659:
657:
646:
631:
630:
619:
618:
611:
604:
596:
589:
588:
575:
556:
549:
528:
521:
503:
496:
478:
459:
425:
404:
385:
368:
355:10.2307/296172
333:
325:Sheppard Frere
317:
305:
292:10.2307/300136
266:
264:
261:
260:
259:
253:
245:
242:
205:
204:Reorganisation
202:
189:
186:
147:
144:
139:Hadrian's Wall
123:Hadrian's Wall
74:Hadrian's Wall
52:carved out of
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2203:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2054:
2050:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1943:Palaestina II
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1850:Cappadocia II
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1820:Armenia Maior
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1677:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1419:Alpes Cottiae
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1334:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1285:Tarraconensis
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1222:Narbonensis I
1220:
1218:
1217:Aquitanica II
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1169:Lugdunensis I
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1078:Constantine I
1075:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1005:
990:
984:
983:
979:
977:
976:
972:
971:
969:
965:
954:
950:
947:
944:
940:
937:
934:
930:
927:
926:
924:
922:
921:
916:
913:
911:
903: –
902:
893:
882:
878:
875:
874:
872:
870:
869:
864:
857:
853:
850:
849:
847:
845:
844:
839:
832:
828:
825:
824:
822:
820:
819:
814:
807:
803:
800:
799:
797:
795:
794:
789:
786:
784:
776: –
775:
766:
755:
751:
748:
747:
745:
743:
742:
737:
730:
726:
723:
722:
720:
718:
717:
712:
709:
707:
699: –
698:
689:
678:
674:
671:
668:
664:
661:
660:
658:
656:
655:
650:
647:
645:
637: –
636:
632:
628:
627:Roman Britain
624:
617:
612:
610:
605:
603:
598:
597:
594:
585:
579:
571:
567:
560:
552:
546:
542:
541:Roman Britain
535:
533:
524:
518:
514:
507:
499:
497:0-415-17894-0
493:
489:
482:
474:
470:
463:
455:
451:
447:
443:
436:
429:
421:
417:
416:
408:
400:
396:
389:
382:
377:
375:
373:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
337:
330:
326:
321:
314:
309:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
274:
272:
267:
257:
256:Roman Britain
254:
251:
248:
247:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
201:
198:
194:
185:
182:
177:
174:
169:
167:
162:
157:
153:
146:Establishment
140:
136:
135:Antonine Wall
131:
124:
120:
116:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
54:Roman Britain
51:
48:") was a new
47:
43:
39:
31:
23:
19:
2077:Spania (552)
1938:Palaestina I
1918:Euphratensis
1865:Helenopontus
1845:Cappadocia I
1752:Hellespontus
1651:Epirus Vetus
1618:Praevalitana
1533:of Illyricum
1323:Valentia (?)
1308:Britannia II
1212:Aquitanica I
1090:theme system
1055:
980:
973:
939:Deva Victrix
918:
866:
841:
818:Britannia II
816:
791:
740:
739:
714:
652:
583:
578:
569:
565:
559:
540:
512:
506:
487:
481:
472:
468:
462:
445:
441:
428:
419:
413:
407:
398:
394:
388:
380:
346:
342:
336:
328:
320:
312:
308:
283:
279:
236:(capital in
207:
199:
195:
191:
172:
170:
149:
90:
37:
36:
18:
2124:Justinian I
1996:Aegyptus II
1928:Mesopotamia
1875:Paphlagonia
1704:Haemimontus
1682:of the East
1646:Epirus Nova
1570:Pannonia II
1303:Britannia I
1164:Germania II
806:Cirencester
793:Britannia I
663:Camulodunum
44:for "Lower
2140:Categories
2101:reconquest
1991:Aegyptus I
1953:Phoenice I
1908:Cilicia II
1815:Armenia II
1565:Pannonia I
1237:Viennensis
1159:Germania I
1154:Belgica II
1094:Asia Minor
1066:Diocletian
975:Vespasiana
949:Habitancum
929:Luguvalium
909: 410
900: 369
782: 410
773: 296
705: 296
696: 197
667:Colchester
643: 197
635:AD 43
475:(1/2): 64.
263:References
210:Diocletian
137:(top) and
113:Diocletian
1903:Cilicia I
1855:Galatia I
1810:Armenia I
1777:Pamphylia
1709:Moesia II
1666:Thessalia
1443:Raetia II
1275:Lusitania
1270:Gallaecia
1260:Balearica
1149:Belgica I
953:Risingham
877:Londinium
725:Londinium
673:Londinium
654:Britannia
623:Provinces
442:Britannia
422:(2): 182.
181:Caracalla
156:Britannia
86:Caracalla
70:Londinium
66:governors
62:Caracalla
1870:Honorias
1840:Bithynia
1613:Moesia I
1608:Dardania
1550:Dalmatia
1471:Byzacena
1438:Raetia I
1386:Sardinia
1361:Campania
1339:of Italy
1062:dioceses
933:Carlisle
920:Valentia
827:Eboracum
750:Eboracum
244:See also
176:Herodian
161:Eboracum
152:Commodus
115:in 296.
103:(modern
101:Eboracum
97:Midlands
95:and the
50:province
2067:Taurica
2001:Arcadia
1963:Syria I
1933:Osroene
1923:Isauria
1782:Pisidia
1757:Islands
1724:Thracia
1719:Scythia
1714:Rhodope
1433:Aemilia
1429:Liguria
1401:Valeria
1391:Sicilia
1381:Samnium
1366:Corsica
1255:Baetica
1127:of Gaul
1082:Ravenna
1047:History
982:Orcades
943:Chester
856:Lincoln
448:: 139.
286:: 107.
188:History
141:(below)
82:emperor
46:Britain
2119:in 536
1913:Cyprus
1898:Arabia
1699:Europa
1636:Achaea
1086:Africa
881:London
729:London
677:London
572:: 162.
547:
519:
494:
383:, p. 8
363:296172
361:
349:: 68.
300:300136
298:
238:Lindum
1772:Lydia
1767:Lycia
1747:Caria
1641:Creta
1575:Savia
438:(PDF)
359:JSTOR
296:JSTOR
224:from
166:Syria
42:Latin
1742:Asia
1084:and
831:York
754:York
545:ISBN
517:ISBN
492:ISBN
228:and
220:and
105:York
1431:et
951:? (
941:? (
931:? (
879:? (
854:? (
829:? (
804:? (
625:of
450:doi
399:119
351:doi
288:doi
164:in
68:in
2142::
1070:c.
1068:,
906:c.
897:c.
779:c.
770:c.
702:c.
693:c.
640:c.
570:12
568:.
531:^
473:57
471:.
446:45
444:.
440:.
420:63
418:.
397:.
371:^
357:.
347:12
345:.
327:,
294:.
284:56
282:.
270:^
88:.
1026:e
1019:t
1012:v
955:)
945:)
935:)
883:)
858:)
833:)
808:)
756:)
752:(
731:)
727:(
679:)
675:(
669:)
665:(
615:e
608:t
601:v
553:.
525:.
500:.
456:.
452::
365:.
353::
302:.
290::
173:.
40:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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