Commodus - Knowledge

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considered a mark of fortitude. Cassius Dio claimed that citizens of Rome who lacked feet (either through accident or illness) were taken to the arena, where they were tethered together for Commodus to club to death while pretending they were giants. Dio also wrote that it was Commodus' custom to privately use deadly weapons to fight, murdering and maiming his opponents. For each appearance in the arena, he charged the city of Rome a million

1546: 891: 1624: 1696: 1248:("dagger-bearer"), with two praetorian prefects subordinate to him. Now at the zenith of his power, Cleander continued to sell public offices as his private business. The climax came in the year 190, which had 25 suffect consuls—a record in the 1,000-year history of the Roman consulship—all appointed by Cleander (they included the future Emperor 1685:

Commodus was also known for fighting exotic animals in the arena, often to the horror and disgust of the Roman populace. According to Cassius Dio, Commodus once killed 100 lions in a single day. Later, he decapitated a running ostrich with a specially designed dart and afterward carried his sword and

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Cassius Dio, a first-hand witness, describes him as "not naturally wicked but, on the contrary, as guileless as any man that ever lived. His great simplicity, however, together with his cowardice, made him the slave of his companions, and it was through them that he at first, out of ignorance, missed

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When Marcia found a list of people Commodus intended to have executed, she discovered that she, the prefect Laetus, and Eclectus were on it. The three of them plotted to assassinate the emperor. On 31 December, Marcia poisoned Commodus' food, but he vomited up the poison, so the conspirators sent his

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to suppress brigands) also denounced Perennis to the emperor as plotting to make his own son emperor (they had been enabled to do so by Cleander, who was seeking to dispose of his rival), and Commodus gave them permission to execute him as well as his wife and sons. The fall of Perennis brought a new

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who had married one of the emperor's mistresses, Demostratia. Cleander was in fact the person who had murdered Saoterus. After these attempts on his life, Commodus spent much of his time outside Rome, mostly on the family estates at Lanuvium. As he was physically strong, his chief interest was sport:

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In November 192, Commodus held Plebeian Games, in which he shot hundreds of animals with arrows and javelins every morning, and fought as a gladiator every afternoon, winning all the fights. In December, he announced his intention to inaugurate the year 193 as both consul and gladiator on 1 January.

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Later that year he adopted as his full style Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus Augustus Herculeus Romanus Exsuperatorius Amazonius Invictus Felix Pius (the order of some of these titles varies in the sources). "Exsuperatorius" (the supreme) was a title given to Jupiter, and "Amazonius" identified him

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Disdaining the more philosophic inclinations of his father, Commodus was extremely proud of his physical prowess. The historian Herodian, a contemporary, described Commodus as an extremely handsome man. As mentioned above, he ordered many statues to be made showing him dressed as Hercules with a

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In the arena, Commodus' opponents always submitted to the emperor; as a result he never lost. Commodus never killed his gladiatorial adversaries, instead accepting their surrenders. His victories were often welcomed by his bested opponents, as bearing scars dealt by the hand of an emperor was

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to 105 per Roman pound (3.85 grams to 3.35 grams). He also reduced the silver purity from 79 percent to 76 percent – the silver weight dropping from 2.57 grams to 2.34 grams. In 186, he further reduced the purity and silver weight to 74 percent and

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among other opponents of Rome. The consensus was that it was below his office to participate as a gladiator. Popular rumors spread alleging he was not actually the son of Marcus Aurelius, but of a gladiator his mother Faustina had taken as a lover at the coastal resort of

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lion's hide and a club. He thought of himself as the reincarnation of Hercules, frequently emulating the legendary hero's feats by appearing in the arena to fight a variety of wild animals. He was left-handed and very proud of the fact. Cassius Dio and the writers of the

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retells his story. In this version, Narcissus kills Commodus in a duel after learning that the Emperor's arena opponents had been armed only with edgeless swords. At first, Narcissus strangles Commodus, but ultimately kills him by piercing his heart with a blunt sword.

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up to that point, at the age of 16. His solo reign saw less military conflict than that of Marcus Aurelius, but internal intrigues and conspiracies abounded, goading Commodus to an increasingly dictatorial style of leadership. This culminated in his creating a deific

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His recorded actions do tend to show a rejection of his father's policies, his father's advisers, and especially his father's austere lifestyle, and an alienation from the surviving members of his family. It seems likely that he was raised in an atmosphere of

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philosopher publicly denounced Perennis before Commodus. His tale was considered false and he was immediately put to death. According to Cassius Dio, Perennis, though ruthless and ambitious, was not personally corrupt and was a generally good administrator.

817:(untrustworthy because of its character as a work of literature rather than of history, with elements of fiction embedded within its biographies; in the case of Commodus, it probably embroiders what the author found in reasonably good contemporary sources). 1295:, and his brother-in-law Mamertinus. Papirius Dionysius was executed, too. In AD 191, Commodus took more of the reins of power, though he continued to rule through a cabal consisting of Marcia, his new chamberlain Eclectus, and the new praetorian prefect 857:

came to hate and fear him, the evidence suggests he remained popular with the army and the common people for much of his reign, not least because of his lavish shows of largesse (recorded on his coinage) and because he staged and took part in spectacular

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Commodus remained with the Danube armies for only a short time before negotiating a peace treaty with the Danubian tribes. He then returned to Rome and celebrated a triumph for the conclusion of the wars on 22 October 180. Unlike the preceding emperors

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had been marked by almost continuous warfare, Commodus' rule was comparatively peaceful in the military sense, but was also characterised by political strife and the increasingly arbitrary and capricious behaviour of the emperor himself. In the view of

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on the Euphrates shows that Commodus' titles and the renaming of the months were disseminated to the farthest reaches of the Empire; moreover, that even auxiliary military units received the title Commodiana, and that he claimed two additional titles:

1665:. The Romans found Commodus' gladiatorial combat to be scandalous and disgraceful. According to Herodian, spectators of Commodus thought it unbecoming of an emperor to take up arms in the amphitheater for sport when he could be campaigning against 852:

Dissatisfaction with this state of affairs led to a series of conspiracies and attempted coups, which in turn eventually provoked Commodus to take charge of affairs, which he did in an increasingly dictatorial manner. Nevertheless, though the

1789:. The player can fight Commodus in the game, who dresses as the god Hercules. The game takes liberties with the events surrounding his death, with the player being the one who actually kills him rather than the wrestler Narcissus. 1579:. Condianus and Maximus were executed on the pretext that while they were not implicated in any plots, their wealth and talent would make them unhappy with the current state of affairs. Another event, as recorded by the historian 1686:

the bleeding head of the dead bird over to the Senators' seating area, and motioned to suggest that they were to be next. Dio notes that the targeted senators actually found this more ridiculous than frightening, and chewed on

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One of the ways he paid for his donatives (imperial handouts) and mass entertainments was to tax the senatorial order. On many inscriptions, the traditional order of the two nominal powers of the state, the Senate and People

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proportions. Far from celebrating his descent from Marcus Aurelius, the actual source of his power, he stressed his own personal uniqueness as the bringer of a new order, seeking to re-cast the empire in his own image.

1857:, and then finished off by Apollo with a scream of power that burns Commodus to ashes. Throughout the series, it's revealed that Nero, Commodus and Caligula had been acting in the background of the two previous series 1046:

Commodus took the loss of Saoterus badly, and Perennis now seized the chance to advance himself by implicating Paternus in a second conspiracy, one apparently led by Publius Salvius Julianus, the son of the jurist

580:, who treated many of Commodus' common illnesses. Commodus received extensive tutoring by a multitude of teachers with a focus on intellectual education. Among his teachers, Onesicrates, Antistius Capella, 11898: 6598: 224: 862:

combats. He was not an inspired combatant. He killed animals by bow, standing above the arena. When he fought fellow gladiators, they would purposely submit. During this period Rome's economy declined.

1319:, Commodus had always stressed his unique status as a source of god-like power, liberality, and physical prowess. Innumerable statues around the empire were set up portraying him in the guise of 837:, he seems to have had little interest in the business of administration. He tended throughout his reign to leave the practical running of the state to a succession of favourites, beginning with 1024:(the consul of 167, also her first cousin) and Appius Claudius Quintianus, attempted to murder Commodus as he entered a theater. They bungled the job and were seized by the emperor's bodyguard. 1595:

His original name was Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus. On his father's death in 180, Commodus changed this to Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Commodus, before changing back to his birth name in 191.

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Cleander proceeded to concentrate power in his own hands and to enrich himself by taking responsibility for all public offices. He sold (and bestowed entry to) Senate seats, army commands,

6800: 6835: 1615:(Our Lord). The latter eventually would be used as a conventional title by Roman emperors, starting about a century later, but Commodus seems to have been the first to assume it. 1849:, who was his lover but disguised himself as Narcissus to kill him and end his tyranny. In modern times, he tries to get revenge on Apollo, who has been cast out of Olympus by 6620: 641:, Cassius carried on his rebellion even after it had become obvious Marcus was still alive. During the preparations for the campaign against Cassius, Commodus assumed his 6779: 708:(tribunician power) around February 177, but starting from April he started to backdate this event to November 176. He was the first (and until 337, the only) emperor " 6593: 784:

2.22 grams respectively, being 108 to the Roman pound. His reduction of the denarius during his rule was the largest since the empire's first devaluation during

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of Commodus. Inscription: ΑΥΤ. ΚΑΙC. KOMMOΔΟC CEB. / ΓEP. CAP. ΔHMαρχικής EΞουσίας Δ΄, YΠATΟC B΄ (Greek inscription for GER. SAR. Municipal Authority IV, Consul II).

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before accompanying his father to the Danubian front once more in 178. Marcus Aurelius died there on 17 March 180, leaving the 18-year-old Commodus as sole emperor.

565:, who had died only a few months before. Commodus had an elder twin brother, Titus Aurelius Fulvus Antoninus, who died in 165. On 12 October 166, Commodus was made 11893: 1906: 803:

Despite his notoriety, and considering the importance of his reign, Commodus' years in power are not well chronicled. The principal surviving literary sources are

458:. Commodus' sole rule, starting with the death of Marcus in 180, is commonly thought to mark the end of a golden age of peace and prosperity in the history of the 5776:

To "accept kinship with Commodus ... the bluntly pragmatic decision was taken to deify the former emperor, thus legitimizing Severus' seizure of power." See

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on Commodus. Modern authors often use this date as the beginning of his reign, but the exact chronology of events is uncertain. Commodus is first mentioned as

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before the campaign against him could begin. Commodus subsequently accompanied his father on a lengthy trip to the Eastern provinces, during which he visited

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for the first time, which made him, aged 15, the youngest consul up to that time (the minimum age for the consulship was around 30). He subsequently married

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The first crisis of the reign came in 182, when Lucilla engineered a conspiracy against her brother. Her motive is alleged to have been the envy of the

6813: 1002:. He also had four surviving sisters, all of them with husbands who were potential rivals. Lucilla was over ten years his senior and held the rank of 3320: 5290: 1221:, came from Gaul intending to assassinate Commodus at the Festival of the Great Goddess in March but was betrayed and executed. In the same year 11918: 4917: 11858: 1291:, Commodus had Cleander beheaded and his son killed. Other victims at this time were the praetorian prefect Julius Julianus, Commodus' cousin 5986: 1347:

During 191, the city of Rome was extensively damaged by a fire that raged for several days, during which many public buildings including the

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leaves to conceal their laughter. On other occasions, Commodus killed three elephants on the floor of the arena by himself, and a giraffe.

1502:) and restored the original name of the city of Rome and its institutions. Statues of Commodus were demolished. His body was buried in the 1039:, had actually been involved in the conspiracy but his involvement was not discovered until later. In the meantime, he and his colleague, 3663: 6247: 1837:. He is revealed as having become a minor god after his death and has survived into modern times, along with two other Roman emperors, 1051:

and betrothed to Paternus' daughter. Salvius and Paternus were executed along with a number of other prominent consulars and senators.

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Echols, Edward C., "Herodian of Antioch's History of the Roman Empire", English translation, UCLA Press, Berkeley, CA (1961), 1.15.1-9

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On Heksters study, see the detailed commentary by Christian Witschel, "Kaiser, Gladiator, Gott. Zur Selbstdarstellung des Commodus",

2216: 6906: 4514: 392: 338: 11739: 11734: 7431: 5668: 1892: 1760: 1323:, reinforcing the image of him as a demigod, a physical giant, a protector, and a warrior who fought against men and beasts (see 573:. The latter died in 169 having failed to recover from an operation, which left Commodus as Marcus Aurelius' sole surviving son. 5504:"The Transmission of the Powers of the Roman Emperor from the Death of Nero in A.D. 68 to That of Alexander Severus in A.D. 235" 11838: 11744: 5955:

makes use of this story: one of the characters is an old gladiator who eventually reveals himself to be Commodus's real father.

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as a mortal until he rights his wrongs. During a final battle, Commodus is severely injured by Frank Zhang, the demigod son of

1184: 494:. Throughout his reign, Commodus entrusted the management of affairs to his palace chamberlain and praetorian prefects, namely 4904: 11724: 8225: 8093: 6028:: Volume I. Everyman's Library (Knopf) New York. 1910. p. 106: "with arrows whose point was shaped in the form of a crescent" 5587: 5560: 5486: 5270: 5170: 5060: 1426:, the Senate was entitled the Commodian Fortunate Senate, his palace and the Roman people themselves were all given the name 1266:, contrived to lay the blame on Cleander. At the end of June, a mob demonstrated against Cleander during a horse race in the 8258:

Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper

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Except where otherwise noted, the notes below indicate that an individual's parentage is as shown in the above family tree.

1270:: he sent the Praetorian Guard to put down the disturbances, but Pertinax, who was now City Prefect of Rome, dispatched the 454:

who ruled from 177 until his assassination in 192. For the first three years of his reign he was co-emperor with his father

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Thus, he presented himself as the fountainhead of the Empire, Roman life, and religion. He also had the head of the

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were often killed for making him angry. One such notable event was the attempted extermination of the house of the

1263: 6225: 11903: 11868: 10961: 8027: 8010: 7837: 7825: 4245: 3732: 1859: 6312:"Imperial Elements in the Formula of the Roman Emperors during the First Two and a Half Centuries of the Empire" 6241: 6044:, Basic Books, 2006, p. 446 "brandishing a sword in one hand and bloodied neck...He gesticulated at the Senate." 702:(emperor) on 17 June 177, but he reckoned his reign back to his salutation in 176. For instance, he assumed the 11011: 10738: 10594: 7998: 7790: 7752: 7712: 7679: 6271: 2250: 1746: 916: 1528:, trying to gain favour with the family of Marcus Aurelius, rehabilitated Commodus' memory and had the Senate 11307: 11097: 11029: 10894: 10761: 10671: 10484: 8602: 8213: 8039: 7866: 7832: 7796: 7685: 6864: 6078:

Gibbon, p. 107: "*1 Commodus killed a camelopardalis or giraffe ... the most useless of the quadrupeds".

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during Commodus' reign, whose reports for this period survive only as fragments and abbreviations), and the

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J. Gagé, "La mystique imperiale et l'épreuve des jeux. Commode-Hercule et l'anthropologie hercaléenne",

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At the outset of his reign, Commodus, aged 18, inherited many of his father's senior advisers, notably

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Commodus was inaugurated in 183 as consul with Aufidius Victorinus as colleague and assumed the title

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the better life and then was led on into lustful and cruel habits, which soon became second nature."

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tr(ibunica) p(otestas) viii, imp(erator) vi, co(nsul) iiii, p(ater) p(atriae), s(enatus) c(onsoltum)

690:, each of whom had adopted his successor. On 27 November 176, Marcus Aurelius bestowed the title of 9435: 9206: 9068: 8162: 8115: 7662: 7309: 6856: 6830: 6431: 6366: 4039: 2436: 1072: 1071:, Perennis took over the reins of government and Commodus found a new chamberlain and favourite in 901: 503: 5994: 4967:

It is uncertain whether Rupilia Faustina was Frugi's daughter by Salonia Matidia or another woman.

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to have a legitimate biological son, though he himself was the fifth in the line of the so-called

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in 172 and on a tour of the Eastern provinces in 176. The following year, he became the youngest

6351: 1055:, the future emperor and a relative of Salvius Julianus, was dismissed from the governorship of 1020:. Lucilla's husband, Pompeianus, was not involved, but two men alleged to have been her lovers, 11779: 11769: 11317: 11296: 11215: 10129: 9989: 9599: 9233: 9193: 8987: 8929: 8813: 8617: 8280: 8240: 8219: 8125: 6915: 5204: 4528: 3483: 1230: 630: 6158: 5577: 11789: 11265: 11230: 11210: 11200: 11162: 9762: 9666: 9020: 8174: 8169: 8145: 8140: 8056: 7893: 7881: 7652: 7277: 6585: 6525: 5550: 5476: 2678: 1865: 1751: 1366:. All the months of the year were renamed to correspond exactly with his (now twelve) names: 1348: 1159:

spate of executions: Aufidius Victorinus committed suicide. Ulpius Marcellus was replaced as

1147: 1755:(2000), a fictionalized Commodus serves as the main antagonist of the film. He is played by 1657:

Commodus also had a passion for gladiatorial combat, which he took so far as to take to the

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However, the following year a detachment of soldiers from Britain (they had been drafted to

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Commodus: An Emperor at the Crossroads: Dutch monographs on ancient history and archaeology

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Commodus appears as one of the antagonists in the popular young adult fiction novel series

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dashed lines indicate adoption; dotted lines indicate love affairs/unmarried relationships

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revolted against his harsh discipline and acclaimed another legate, Priscus, as emperor.

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Perhaps seeing this as an opportunity, early in 192 Commodus, declaring himself the new

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is named Commodus and is one of the main antagonists of the game. The son of Emperor

1772: 1631: 1580: 1572: 1525: 1498: 1469: 1249: 1056: 1040: 800:, his accession marked the descent "from a kingdom of gold to one of iron and rust". 752: 687: 499: 11853: 11804: 11631: 11459: 11225: 10979: 10562: 9859: 9755: 9696: 9120: 9100: 8230: 8207: 8110: 8083: 8068: 8034: 7960: 7920: 7910: 7635: 7562: 7532: 7395: 7350: 7345: 7217: 6808: 6323: 6168: 5858: 5820:

Heinz, W. (1986). Die ''Terme Taurine'' von Civitavecchia – ein römisches Heilbad.

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Priscus refused to accept their acclamation, and Perennis had all the legionary

1091:, and combat with beasts and men, mostly in private but occasionally in public. 11848: 11672: 11470: 11431: 11149: 11105: 10974: 10058: 9984: 9814: 9686: 9646: 9394: 9246: 9211: 9201: 9135: 9090: 8972: 8967: 8547: 8526: 8492: 7765: 7729: 7674: 7567: 7490: 7388: 7382: 7314: 7294: 7048: 7008: 6727: 6037: 5158: 3696: 2649: 2394: 1687: 1517:, whose reign was short; he became the first claimant to be usurped during the 1272: 1267: 1195: 1191: 1088: 830: 772: 566: 562: 286: 11817: 11351: 11250: 11082: 11052: 10728: 10583: 10440: 10309: 10149: 10124: 10074: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9661: 9468: 9399: 9389: 9251: 9005: 8753: 8696: 8649: 8486: 8445: 8235: 8195: 7739: 7547: 7355: 6481: 6307: 5527: 5453: 5425: 4743: 4025: 2898: 2029: 1671: 1584: 1124: 1116: 1014: 951: 808: 764: 720: 604: 559: 474: 451: 54: 5285: 4870: 739: 11436: 11270: 11260: 11235: 11087: 11037: 10996: 10722: 10634: 10522: 10435: 10415: 10334: 10299: 10294: 10180: 10119: 9829: 9651: 9641: 9604: 9559: 9473: 9463: 9453: 9369: 9085: 8962: 8771: 8712: 8572: 8519: 8424: 7980: 7775: 7707: 7702: 7692: 7515: 7377: 7018: 6135: 4686: 4006: 2930: 1735: 1721: 1603: 1255:

In the spring of 190, Rome was afflicted by a food shortage, for which the

1211: 1167:. Brought to Rome and tried for treason, Marcellus narrowly escaped death. 1084: 1007: 854: 760: 643: 614:. The title suggests Commodus was present at his father's victory over the 478: 459: 296: 6159:"Box Set Binge: Roman Empire: Reign of Blood, The Path and Deutschland 83" 1043:, were able to arrange for the murder of Saoterus, the hated chamberlain. 11540: 11485: 11336: 11285: 11205: 11077: 10969: 10951: 10909: 10820: 10711: 10706: 10701: 10655: 10639: 10612: 10577: 10567: 10502: 10455: 10445: 10430: 10420: 10367: 10329: 10304: 10284: 10274: 10040: 10024: 9999: 9994: 9794: 9721: 9631: 9614: 9569: 9544: 9478: 9458: 9443: 9425: 9155: 9150: 8957: 8784: 8764: 8578: 8512: 8503: 8387: 7844: 7719: 7669: 7594: 7168: 7115: 7058: 5361: 4696: 1649:

in full gallop, and kill a panther as it attacked a victim in the arena.

1549: 1474: 1316: 1155: 1128: 797: 780: 638: 603:, in 172. It is presumed that there, on 15 October 172, he was given the 118: 6277:

G. Alföldy, "Der Friedesschluss des Kaisers Commodus mit den Germanen",

11657: 11611: 11564: 11519: 11491: 11312: 11195: 11120: 11047: 10936: 10751: 10689: 10684: 10679: 10661: 10649: 10629: 10602: 10572: 10552: 10497: 10450: 10425: 10357: 10319: 10289: 10279: 10019: 9819: 9809: 9579: 9574: 9539: 9448: 9420: 9241: 9145: 9140: 9125: 9110: 8918: 8912: 8826: 8554: 8372: 8309: 7900: 7815: 7780: 7745: 7657: 7572: 7332: 7325: 7272: 7252: 7197: 7162: 7155: 7100: 7065: 6928: 6335: 5535: 5503: 5461: 5429: 1803: 1666: 1565: 1529: 615: 611: 463: 6914: 5870: 1645:

say that Commodus was a skilled archer, who could shoot the heads off

1031:

and later killed. Pompeianus retired from public life. One of the two

11597: 11512: 11475: 11401: 11395: 11322: 11302: 11019: 11001: 10946: 10926: 10789: 10624: 10607: 10557: 10410: 10377: 10372: 10314: 10113: 9934: 9887: 9839: 9799: 9776: 9549: 9415: 9384: 9038: 8952: 8778: 8659: 8396: 7647: 7599: 7509: 7496: 7283: 7212: 7185: 7180: 7149: 7095: 7043: 6978: 6973: 1679: 1545: 1442: 1277: 1139: 859: 842: 756: 692: 679: 656: 652: 596: 587: 491: 487: 11899:

Roman emperors to suffer posthumous denigration or damnatio memoriae

6327: 6015:

Gibbon, p. 106: "disgorged at once a hundred lions; a hundred darts"

5519: 5445: 1703:

The Emperor Commodus Leaving the Arena at the Head of the Gladiators

890: 807:, Cassius Dio (a contemporary and sometimes first-hand observer and 11667: 11662: 11651: 11618: 11533: 11526: 11480: 11452: 11411: 11374: 11369: 11364: 11359: 10991: 10931: 10774: 10746: 10339: 10269: 10081: 10067: 10047: 10009: 9921: 9866: 9824: 9656: 9626: 9589: 9534: 9379: 9256: 9161: 9105: 9000: 8907: 8901: 8890: 8856: 8740: 8726: 8719: 8706: 8670: 8410: 7915: 7697: 7589: 7542: 7502: 7484: 7404: 7339: 7319: 7289: 7262: 7257: 7242: 7232: 7202: 7110: 7105: 7053: 7028: 6988: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6491: 5862: 2956: 1838: 1799: 1738:. This film depicts all of this emperor's reign, from the death of 1562: 1514: 1430:, and the day on which these reforms were decreed was to be called 1320: 1236:

Early in 188, Cleander disposed of the current praetorian prefect,

1222: 1207: 1203: 1164: 1079: 1068: 968: 838: 804: 776: 744: 543: 518: 495: 110: 84: 1623: 1311:

A denarius of Commodus. Inscription: L. L. COMMODVS ANTONINVS AVG.

11644: 11583: 11426: 11110: 10921: 10915: 10903: 10784: 10779: 10716: 10695: 10540: 10492: 10392: 10382: 10107: 10004: 9974: 9956: 9945: 9928: 9880: 9873: 9804: 9726: 9374: 9182: 9168: 9080: 9031: 8937: 8880: 8831: 8664: 8654: 8634: 8567: 8417: 8296: 7849: 7552: 7459: 7372: 7227: 7003: 6376:

The Praetorian Prefect from Commodus to Diocletian (A.D. 180–305)

5124:. Translated by R. Ross Holloway. Milan: Edizioni Arte e Moneta. 5105: 4303: 4279: 2939: 1742:

until his death while fighting against the fictional hero Livius.

1662: 1646: 1359: 1284:, for protection, but the mob followed him calling for his head. 1135: 1076: 987: 826: 660: 276: 182: 8308: 1473:

of Commodus on an inscription in the Museum of Roman History in

11551: 11421: 11058: 10941: 10546: 10517: 10387: 10362: 10154: 10088: 9914: 9907: 9834: 9789: 9783: 9609: 9529: 9115: 8942: 8895: 8849: 8821: 8747: 8625: 8584: 8466: 8431: 8403: 7621: 7478: 7360: 7132: 6998: 5849:

Spiedel, M.P. (1993). "Commodus the God-Emperor and the Army".

2410: 1846: 1446: 1331:

below). Moreover, as Hercules, he could claim to be the son of

960: 956: 822: 724: 672: 664: 648: 266: 6409:

The Day Commodus Killed a Rhino: Understanding the Roman Games

1568:, which he rejected entirely upon his accession to sole rule. 1477:, Germany. The abbreviation "CO" has been restored with paint. 1027:

Quadratus and Quintianus were executed. Lucilla was exiled to

11637: 11416: 11406: 11384: 11042: 9951: 9939: 9852: 9769: 9620: 9554: 9216: 8885: 8843: 8837: 8629: 8588: 8459: 8452: 8438: 7222: 6993: 6983: 6963: 2229: 2184: 1709:(1848–1936), Hermitage Museum and Gardens, Norfolk, Virginia. 1658: 1180: 1104: 1028: 577: 256: 6288:

P. A. Brunt, "The Fall of Perennis: Dio-Xiphilinus 79.9.2",

5782:

Caesars' Wives: Sex, Power, and Politics in the Roman Empire

11389: 11379: 10769: 10644: 9845: 9175: 8995: 8977: 8862: 8644: 8639: 8473: 8265: 6968: 6958: 6191:"'Roman Empire: Reign Of Blood': Who Was The Real Lucilla?" 6093: 1850: 1842: 1807: 1777: 1449: 1199: 869: 785: 547: 439: 433: 114: 6042:

The Classical World: An Epic History from Homer to Hadrian

1493:

Upon his death, the Senate declared him a public enemy (a

1115:, both distinguished themselves in the campaign. Also, in 427: 9594: 4764: bluish-purple indicates emperors of other dynasties 1445:

replaced with his own portrait, gave it a club, placed a

528: 10815: 5963: 5961: 5122:

Women of the Caesars: Their Lives and Portraits on Coins

538:

Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus was born on 31 August AD

6396:

M.P. Speidel, "Commodus the God-Emperor and the Army,"

5976:

Dio, Cassius, 73.20.3, Loeb edition, translated E. Cary

5919:

The history of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire

5709:

Dio, Cassius, 73.10.2, Loeb edition, translated E. Cary

1315:

In opposition to the Senate, in his pronouncements and

1170: 6264:

The Emperor Commodus: gladiator, Hercules or a tyrant?

5802:

Dio, Cassius, 73.5.3, Loeb edition, translated E. Cary

5793:

Dio, Cassius, 73.1.2, Loeb edition, translated E. Cary

5669:"Tulane University "Roman Currency of the Principate"" 5221: 5219: 1783:

Commodus is a minor antagonist in the 2005 video game

1780:, he shares several traits with the historic Commodus. 1276:

to oppose them. Cleander fled to Commodus, who was at

6235:. Vol. 6 (9th ed.). 1878. pp. 207–208. 5958: 5186:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology

442: 424: 4758: grey indicates unsuccessful imperial aspirants 436: 5930:

Herodian's Roman History F.L. Muller Edition 1.15.7

5216: 5163:

Faustina I and II: Imperial Women of the Golden Age

4942:

Husband of Rupilia Faustina: Levick (2014), p. 163.

1355:, and parts of the imperial palace were destroyed. 430: 421: 5575: 5475:Manuscripts, British Museum Department of (1907). 5141:Beloved and God: The Story of Hadrian and Antinous 4910: 4894:Husband of Salonia Matidia: Levick (2014), p. 161. 1225:unmasked a conspiracy by two enemies of Cleander, 6251:. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 777. 5830: 5552:A History of the Roman World from A.D. 138 to 337 5350:The Prince of Medicine: Galen in the Roman Empire 4840:Husband of Ulpia Marciana: Levick (2014), p. 161. 1535: 622:, the starting point of a career in public life. 599:, the headquarters of Marcus Aurelius during the 11815: 6114:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 5744:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 5100: 5072:Husband of Ceionia Fabia: Levick (2014), p. 164. 4810:Sister of Trajan's father: Giacosa (1977), p. 7. 1123:re-advanced the Roman frontier northward to the 11894:Roman emperors murdered by the Praetorian Guard 5987:"Intrigue, Insanity, and the Reign of Commodus" 5014:Wife of M. Annius Verus: Giacosa (1977), p. 10. 4897: 986:(the second husband of Commodus' eldest sister 576:He was looked after by his father's physician, 5179: 5023:Wife of M. Annius Libo: Levick (2014), p. 163. 4862: 4860: 4858: 1362:, ritually re-founded Rome, renaming the city 8281: 6900: 6131:"History Behind The Game – Ryse: Son of Rome" 5784:(London and New York: Free Press, 2010), 187. 5726:. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022 5705: 5703: 5555:. Chapter II, note 77. Taylor & Francis. 5430:"The Tribunician Day during the Early Empire" 5376: 5374: 1900: 1881: 1217:In 187, one of the leaders of the deserters, 655:. Cassius, however, was killed by one of his 393: 5481:. British museum. pp. xxxix, Pap. 845. 5291:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 4929:Lover of Hadrian: Lambert (1984), p. 99 and 1540: 678:Marcus Aurelius was the first emperor since 663:. The Emperor and his son then travelled to 651:front on 7 July 175, thus formally entering 6188: 6096:. Archived from the original on 9 July 2015 5474: 4933:; deification: Lamber (1984), pp. 2–5, etc. 4855: 1571:After repeated attempts on Commodus' life, 1328: 1183:beard, perhaps depicting emperor Commodus, 919:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 469:Commodus accompanied his father during the 8288: 8274: 6907: 6893: 6564:Ser. Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus, 5700: 5371: 1907: 1893: 1324: 1179:Remnant of a Roman bust of a youth with a 771:Upon his ascension, Commodus devalued the 618:. On 20 January 175, Commodus entered the 550:. He was the son of the reigning emperor, 509:Commodus was assassinated by the wrestler 400: 386: 36: 6543:Ser. Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus 6067:The Elephant in the Greek and Roman World 5951:, Life of Marcus Aurelius, XIX. The film 5331: 5329: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4989: 4979: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4827: 4825: 1873:cruise ship that was featured heavily in 1652: 1262:, the official actually in charge of the 939:Learn how and when to remove this message 450:; 31 August 161 – 31 December 192) was a 11698: 6616:L. Fulvius Rusticus G. Bruttius Praesens 6411:. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014. 6242:"Commodus, Lucius Aelius Aurelius" 6026:The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire 5247: 5245: 4881: 4879: 4869:contributor (Herbert W. Benario, 2000), 4848: 4846: 1724:Commodus is portrayed by Canadian actor 1622: 1618: 1544: 1463: 1306: 1302: 1174: 994:, Titus Fundanius Vitrasius Pollio, and 950: 738: 586: 6316:Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome 6128: 6031: 5848: 5508:Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome 5501: 5434:Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome 5424: 5337:Coinage and History of the Roman Empire 5297: 5258:The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy 5138: 5119: 1240:, and took over supreme command of the 1229:(one of Commodus' brothers-in-law) and 734: 521:, the first claimant in the tumultuous 11816: 10845: 10210: 9312: 8338: 6507:T. Pomponius Proculus Vitrasius Pollio 5582:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 234. 5548: 5326: 5251: 5157: 5075: 5026: 4986: 4970: 4945: 4822: 1509:Commodus' death marked the end of the 1459: 1418:, the fleet which imported grain from 1185:National Archaeological Museum, Athens 880: 712:," meaning during his father's reign. 529:Early life and rise to power (161–180) 11919:Assassinated heads of state in Europe 11697: 10814: 10179: 9281: 8307: 8269: 6888: 6266:. Boca Raton, FL: BrownWalker Press. 6156: 5906:Roman History: Epitome of Book LXXIII 5420: 5418: 5242: 4876: 4843: 4813: 4694: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4609: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4555: 4553: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4527: 4520: 4518: 4513: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4493: 4486: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4327: 4322: 4320: 4315: 4302: 4294: 4292: 4287: 4278: 4258: 4256: 4251: 4244: 4158: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4138: 4072: 4045: 4038: 4036: 4031: 4024: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3990: 3981: 3961: 3959: 3954: 3762: 3731: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3694: 3685: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3662: 3655: 3595: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3507: 3482: 3475: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3344: 3332: 3319: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3294: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3237: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3081: 3058: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3031: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3007: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2954: 2937: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2866: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2829: 2827: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2791: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2683: 2677: 2668: 2658: 2648: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2550: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2449: 2442: 2440: 2435: 2426: 2408: 2406: 2401: 2392: 2390: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2256: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2214: 2207: 2205: 2200: 2182: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2035: 2033: 2028: 1952: 1950: 1948: 1946: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1924: 1714: 667:, where they were initiated into the 19:For other people named Commodus, see 11350: 6535:Marcus Peducaeus Plautius Quintillus 6189:O'Keefe, Meghan (25 November 2016). 1339:. These tendencies now increased to 1171:Cleander's zenith and fall (185–190) 1094: 917:adding citations to reliable sources 884: 723:. On 1 January 177, Commodus became 671:. They then returned to Rome in the 6306: 5836: 5225: 1770:A character in the 2013 video game 1583:, took place at the Roman baths at 1006:as the widow of her first husband, 569:together with his younger brother, 13: 6422:Historia Augusta: Life of Commodus 6256: 6129:Nichols, Derek (8 February 2014). 5697:, Loeb edition, translated E. Cary 5478:Greek Papyri in the British Museum 5415: 5342: 1590: 1022:Marcus Ummidius Quadratus Annianus 595:Commodus is known to have been at 486:, including his performances as a 170:Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus 14: 11940: 11859:Burials at the Castel Sant'Angelo 6870:G. Julius Erucius Clarus Vibianus 6801:Marcus Petronius Sura Septimianus 6671:Marcus Petronius Sura Mamertinus, 6415: 6383:Studien zur Politik des Commodus. 6069:, Thames and Hudson, 1974, p. 252 5993:. 1 December 2017. Archived from 1452:at its feet to make it look like 1067:After the murder of the powerful 747:featuring Commodus. Inscription: 6427:Book 73 of Cassius Dio's History 6226:"Lucius Aurelius Commodus" 1828:portrays Commodus in the series. 1798:song "Evil Emperors", alongside 1695: 889: 417: 223: 6701:L. Tutilius Pontianus Gentianus 6182: 6157:Agius, Den (19 November 2016). 6150: 6122: 6081: 6072: 6059: 6047: 6018: 6009: 5979: 5970: 5942: 5933: 5924: 5911: 5898: 5885: 5842: 5814: 5805: 5796: 5787: 5770: 5761: 5752: 5720:"Roman Emperors – DIR commodus" 5712: 5687: 5661: 5636: 5624: 5610: 5596: 5569: 5542: 5495: 5468: 5401: 5387: 5066: 5050:The epitomator of Cassius Dio ( 5044: 5017: 5008: 4961: 4936: 4923: 4888: 4834: 4804: 4742: Reddish-purple indicates 4703: 4267: 4013: 3970: 3703: 2945: 2417: 2236: 2191: 1875:Percy Jackson and the Olympians 1860:Percy Jackson and the Olympians 1817:The 2017 docu-drama miniseries 1682:, straining the Roman economy. 1335:, the supreme god of the Roman 775:. He reduced the weight of the 584:, and Pitholaus are mentioned. 344:Category:Nerva–Antonine dynasty 167:Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus 6728:Ti. Claudius M. Appius Atilius 5579:A Companion to Marcus Aurelius 5355: 5312: 5279: 5231: 1536:Character and physical prowess 1364:Colonia Lucia Annia Commodiana 1287:At the urging of his mistress 873:) was provocatively reversed ( 554:, and Aurelius' first cousin, 1: 11839:2nd-century murdered monarchs 11308:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator 5210: 4746:of the Nerva–Antonine dynasty 4515:C. Furius Sabinus Timesitheus 1845:. He was murdered by the god 1490:to strangle him in his bath. 1329:§ Commodus the Gladiator 533: 43: 16:Roman emperor from 177 to 192 8295: 6650:M. Petronius Sura Mamertinus 6385:Verlag Marie Leidorf, 2003, 6054:Roman History by Cassius Dio 5953:The Fall of the Roman Empire 5382:Marcus Aurelius: A Biography 1820:Roman Empire: Reign of Blood 1731:The Fall of the Roman Empire 1611:(pacifier of the world) and 1513:. Commodus was succeeded by 1424:Alexandria Commodiana Togata 1325:§ Commodus and Hercules 1142:. On 15 October 184, at the 1037:Publius Tarrutenius Paternus 984:Tiberius Claudius Pompeianus 955:Commodus with attributes of 715:On 23 December 176, the two 7: 11241:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator 6836:M. Valerius Bradua Mauricus 5644:"Coins of the Roman Empire" 5576:Marcel van Ackeren (2012). 5198: 5165:. Oxford University Press. 2258:Aelius Hadrianus Marullinus 1414:. The legions were renamed 1214:brought over from Britain. 1062: 1000:Prefect of the City of Rome 558:, the youngest daughter of 64:early 177 – 31 December 192 10: 11945: 11844:2nd-century Roman emperors 10140:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef 9524:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep 9288:Second Intermediate Period 8180:Constantine XI Palaiologos 8131:Andronikos III Palaiologos 8018:Nikephoros III Botaneiates 6359:Scripta Classica Israelica 6217: 5263:Cambridge University Press 1915:Nerva–Antonine family tree 1882:Nerva–Antonine family tree 1786:Colosseum: Road to Freedom 870:Senatus Populusque Romanus 339:Nerva–Antonine family tree 66:(senior from 17 March 180) 21:Commodus (disambiguation) 18: 11879:2nd-century Roman consuls 11802: 11704: 11693: 11591:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus 11335: 11281:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos 11176: 11148: 11133: 11096: 11068: 11028: 11010: 10960: 10893: 10878: 10836: 10832: 10810: 10760: 10737: 10670: 10593: 10531: 10483: 10468: 10401: 10348: 10260: 10245: 10201: 10197: 10186:Third Intermediate Period 10175: 10098: 10057: 9965: 9897: 9745: 9513: 9498: 9434: 9408: 9360: 9345: 9303: 9299: 9277: 9232: 9192: 9067: 9052: 8986: 8928: 8871: 8812: 8797: 8687: 8616: 8601: 8502: 8386: 8371: 8329: 8325: 8314:First Intermediate Period 8303: 8256: 8188: 8153:Andronikos IV Palaiologos 8121:Andronikos II Palaiologos 7946:Constantine IX Monomachos 7634: 7531: 7414: 7241: 7079: 6927: 6861: 6847: 6827: 6805: 6791: 6771: 6749: 6734: 6719: 6697: 6693:Gaius Aufidius Victorinus 6683: 6668: 6646: 6632: 6621:Sex. Quintilius Condianus 6612: 6590: 6576: 6561: 6539: 6523: 6503: 6498: 6488: 6479: 6471: 6466: 6439: 6404:(1993), pp. 109–114. 6296:(1973), pp. 172–177. 5811:Historia Augusta. C 1, 9. 5549:Parker, H. M. D. (2024). 5139:Lambert, Royston (1984). 5120:Giacosa, Giorgio (1977). 4714: 4712: 4692: 4690: 4687:Furia Sabina Tranquillina 4623: 4619: 4617: 4607: 4537: 4535: 4525: 4491: 4484: 4482:L. Aurelius Agaclytus (2) 4466: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4434: 4432: 4416: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4378: 4376: 4360: 4358: 4338: 4325: 4309: 4300: 4285: 4276: 4274: 4249: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4228: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4198: 4192: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4166: 4146: 4136: 4132: 4126: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4058: 4052: 4043: 4029: 4022: 3988: 3979: 3977: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3910: 3908: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3858: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3818: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3778: 3774: 3768: 3758: 3756: 3750: 3748: 3742: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3692: 3676: 3660: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3599: 3597: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3573: 3571: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3551: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3513: 3493: 3491: 3489: 3480: 3466: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3449: 3447: 3410: 3408: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3384: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3364: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3342: 3338: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3317: 3315: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3292: 3290: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3240: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3213: 3209: 3203: 3179: 3177: 3165: 3163: 3151: 3147: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3104: 3086: 3067: 3065: 3056: 3043: 3039: 3037: 2999: 2997: 2983: 2981: 2977: 2975: 2952: 2935: 2904: 2902: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2868:L. Julius Ursus Servianus 2864: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2825: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2795: 2793: 2789: 2787: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2735: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2697: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2675: 2666: 2664: 2656: 2654: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2628: 2620: 2618: 2606: 2604: 2592: 2590: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2544: 2540: 2538: 2526: 2524: 2512: 2510: 2496: 2464: 2447: 2433: 2424: 2399: 2375: 2373: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2345: 2343: 2327: 2323: 2321: 2315: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2285: 2283: 2254: 2212: 2198: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2164: 2162: 2154: 2152: 2140: 2138: 2126: 2124: 2116: 2112: 2106: 2071: 2069: 2060: 2051: 2049: 2040: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1982: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1958: 1938: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1728:in the classic epic film 1541:Character and motivations 1519:Year of the Five Emperors 610:, in the presence of the 523:Year of the Five Emperors 372:Year of the Five Emperors 203: 193: 181: 163: 158: 154: 144: 134: 128:31 December 192 (aged 31) 124: 104: 100: 96:Marcus Aurelius (177–180) 90: 80: 70: 60: 53: 35: 30: 11303:Cleopatra VII Philopator 9560:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI 8318: (<3150–2040 BC) 8116:Michael VIII Palaiologos 6865:Q. Pompeius Sosius Falco 6857:Publius Helvius Pertinax 6831:Popilius Pedo Apronianus 6432:Herodian's Roman History 6398:Journal of Roman Studies 6285:(1971), pp. 84–109. 5921:. Vol. 5. Methuen, 1898. 5851:Journal of Roman Studies 5621:, Marcus Aurelius, 22.12 5339:Vol. One: History p. 248 4774:= posthumously deified ( 3664:Calvisia Domitia Lucilla 2030:Q. Marcius Barea Soranus 1792:Commodus appears in the 1602:An inscribed altar from 1041:Sextus Tigidius Perennis 767:. Decree of the Senate." 218:Roman imperial dynasties 11864:Deaths by strangulation 11276:Ptolemy XI Alexander II 11191:Ptolemy II Philadelphus 9485:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra 7971:Eudokia Makrembolitissa 7605:Tiberius II Constantine 6775:Domitius Iulius Silanus 6730:Bradua Regillus Atticus 6642:Lucius Antistius Burrus 6303:2.17.2 (1981), 663–683. 6248:Encyclopædia Britannica 6232:Encyclopædia Britannica 5502:Hammond, Mason (1956). 4296:Ti. Claudius Pompeianus 3422:L. Caesennius Antoninus 1297:Quintus Aemilius Laetus 1293:Annia Fundania Faustina 992:Gaius Bruttius Praesens 967:, late 2nd century AD, 11904:Sons of Roman emperors 11884:Nerva–Antonine dynasty 11869:Deified Roman emperors 11318:Ptolemy XIV Philopator 11297:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena 11291:Berenice IV Epiphaneia 11246:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes 11216:Arsinoe III Philopator 10130:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef 9600:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw 9540:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V 9131:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb 8126:Michael IX Palaiologos 6744:Marcus Acilius Glabrio 6446:Nerva–Antonine dynasty 5724:www.roman-emperors.org 5205:List of Roman emperors 5086:Levick (2014), p. 117. 5041:Giacosa (1977), p. 10. 5005:Levick (2014), p. 164. 4983:Levick (2014), p. 162. 4958:Levick (2014), p. 163. 4831:Levick (2014), p. 161. 4529:Junius Licinius Balbus 4323:Junius Licinius Balbus 4317:M. Plautius Quintillus 4289:M. Annius Verus Caesar 3248:C. Fuscus Salinator II 3060:Julia Serviana Paulina 1661:himself, dressed as a 1653:Commodus the gladiator 1635: 1553: 1511:Nerva–Antonine dynasty 1478: 1312: 1187: 979: 768: 592: 517:. He was succeeded by 515:Nerva–Antonine dynasty 236:Nerva–Antonine dynasty 11266:Ptolemy X Alexander I 11231:Ptolemy VI Philometor 11211:Ptolemy IV Philopator 11206:Berenice II Euergetes 11201:Ptolemy III Euergetes 11163:Philip III Arrhidaeus 9672:Khahotepre Sobekhotep 9667:Merhotepre Sobekhotep 9021:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II 8220:Thessalonian emperors 8214:Trapezuntine emperors 8175:John VIII Palaiologos 8170:Manuel II Palaiologos 8141:John VI Kantakouzenos 8057:Andronikos I Komnenos 7894:Constantine Lekapenos 6922:and empresses regnant 6594:T. Flavius Claudianus 6586:Publius Martius Verus 6566:Domitius Velius Rufus 6548:Domitius Velius Rufus 6365:(2004), pp. 255–272 ( 6056:penelope.uchicago.edu 5967:Dio, Cassius, 73.10.3 5778:Annelise Freisenbruch 5758:Dio, Cassius, 73.22.3 5104:contributors (2000). 4885:Giacosa (1977), p. 9. 4852:Giacosa (1977), p. 7. 4819:Giacosa (1977), p. 8. 3054:C. Fuscus Salinator I 2037:Q. Marcius Barea Sura 1866:The Heroes of Olympus 1761:Best Supporting Actor 1626: 1619:Commodus and Hercules 1599:again with Hercules. 1548: 1467: 1310: 1303:Megalomania (190–192) 1178: 1119:in 184, the governor 990:), his father-in-law 954: 875:Populus Senatusque... 791:Whereas the reign of 763:for the Fourth Time, 755:for the Eighth Time, 742: 590: 11699:Dynastic genealogies 11323:Ptolemy XV Caesarion 10619:Tutkheperre Shoshenq 10533:High Priests of Amun 10035:Merankhre Mentuhotep 9737:Seheqenre Sankhptahi 9732:Sewadjare Mentuhotep 9585:Khaankhre Sobekhotep 9292: (2040–1550 BC) 9011:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I 8158:John VII Palaiologos 8106:Theodore II Laskaris 7966:Constantine X Doukas 7906:Nikephoros II Phokas 6809:L. Septimius Severus 6780:Q. Servilius Silanus 5514:: 61–133 (104–105). 5380:Birley, Anthony R., 5143:. New York: Viking. 5061:"Marcus Aurelius" 24 3295:L. Caesennius Paetus 3238:L. Ceionius Commodus 3108:Cn. Arrius Antoninus 2403:C. Salonius Matidius 1834:The Trials of Apollo 1734:(1964), directed by 1628:Commodus as Hercules 1524:In 195, the emperor 1504:Mausoleum of Hadrian 1280:in the house of the 1210:was put down by two 1194:, and increasingly, 913:improve this section 765:Father of the Nation 759:for the Sixth Time, 735:Sole reign (180–192) 686:, also known as the 669:Eleusinian Mysteries 556:Faustina the Younger 208:Faustina the Younger 11909:Ancient Roman twins 11889:People from Lanuvio 11221:Ptolemy V Epiphanes 11158:Alexander the Great 10190: (1550–664 BC) 9712:Mershepsesre Ini II 9707:Merkawre Sobekhotep 9101:Neferkare IV Khendu 8089:Theodore I Laskaris 8074:Alexios III Angelos 8052:Alexios II Komnenos 7976:Romanos IV Diogenes 7931:Romanos III Argyros 7877:Romanos I Lekapenos 6876:as ordinary consuls 6842:as ordinary consuls 6678:as ordinary consuls 6661:as ordinary consuls 6627:as ordinary consuls 6571:as ordinary consuls 6554:as ordinary consuls 6518:as ordinary consuls 6381:Falko von Saldern, 6346:, 23. Brill, 2002. 6290:Classical Quarterly 5767:Dio, Cassius, 73.22 5675:on 10 February 2001 5348:Mattern, Susan P., 4502:Plautius Quintillus 4495:L. Antistius Burrus 4477:Petronius Antoninus 4040:Q. Servilius Pudens 4033:Plautius Quintillus 3484:C. Avidius Nigrinus 2660:Libo Rupilius Frugi 2437:P. Acilius Attianus 2078:P. Aelius Hadrianus 1765:73rd Academy Awards 1726:Christopher Plummer 1720:An evil and highly 1460:Assassination (192) 1244:at the new rank of 1196:suffect consulships 1161:governor of Britain 1103:. War broke out in 1033:praetorian prefects 996:Aufidius Victorinus 881:Conspiracies of 182 845:who had become his 719:celebrated a joint 705:tribunicia potestas 620:College of Pontiffs 591:Commodus as a child 571:Marcus Annius Verus 513:in 192, ending the 11558:Trebonianus Gallus 10145:Senakhtenre Ahmose 9763:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre 9717:Sewahenre Senebmiu 9692:Sankhenre Sewadjtu 9121:Neferkare V Tereru 9091:Neferkare III Neby 8759:Sekhemib-Perenmaat 8208:Britannic emperors 8202:Palmyrene emperors 8136:John V Palaiologos 8079:Alexios IV Angelos 8028:Constantine Doukas 8023:Alexios I Komnenos 8011:Constantine Doukas 7994:Michael VII Doukas 7956:Michael VI Bringas 7522:Romulus Augustulus 7145:Trebonianus Gallus 7138:Herennius Etruscus 6920:Byzantine emperors 6820:as suffect consuls 6786:as suffect consuls 6764:as suffect consuls 6712:as suffect consuls 6605:as suffect consuls 6599:L. Aemilius Iuncus 6499:Political offices 6201:NYP Holdings, Inc. 5893:The Roman Emperors 5307:– Life of Commodus 4905:"Julius Servianus" 3992:C. Avidius Cassius 3321:T. Aurelius Fulvus 1871:Princess Andromeda 1795:Horrible Histories 1763:nomination at the 1715:In popular culture 1636: 1554: 1486:wrestling partner 1479: 1313: 1260:Papirius Dionysius 1257:praefectus annonae 1238:Atilius Aebutianus 1188: 980: 841:, a freedman from 769: 710:born in the purple 684:Five Good Emperors 593: 582:Titus Aius Sanctus 229:Aureus of Commodus 11924:Damnatio memoriae 11874:Eponymous archons 11811: 11810: 11798: 11797: 11689: 11688: 11685: 11684: 11681: 11680: 11605:Claudius Gothicus 11499:Severus Alexander 11466:Septimius Severus 11331: 11330: 11129: 11128: 10874: 10873: 10806: 10805: 10802: 10801: 10798: 10797: 10513:Osorkon the Elder 10464: 10463: 10241: 10240: 10171: 10170: 10167: 10166: 10163: 10162: 10135:Nubkheperre Intef 10015:Sekhemre Shedwast 9637:Sehetepkare Intef 9565:Semenkare Nebnuni 9494: 9493: 9341: 9340: 9273: 9272: 9269: 9268: 9265: 9264: 9048: 9047: 9026:Netjerkare Siptah 8948:Neferirkare Kakai 8793: 8792: 8597: 8596: 8367: 8366: 8263: 8262: 8101:John III Vatatzes 8047:Manuel I Komnenos 7786:Michael I Rangabe 7630: 7629: 7472:Petronius Maximus 7071:Severus Alexander 7039:Septimius Severus 6883: 6882: 6879: 6862:Succeeded by 6845: 6823: 6806:Succeeded by 6789: 6767: 6750:Succeeded by 6723:Triarius Maternus 6715: 6698:Succeeded by 6681: 6664: 6647:Succeeded by 6630: 6608: 6591:Succeeded by 6574: 6557: 6540:Succeeded by 6521: 6489:Succeeded by 6378:. Chicago, 1942. 6342:Olivier Hekster, 6065:Scullard, H. H., 5589:978-1-4051-9285-9 5562:978-1-040-03539-9 5488:978-0-7141-0486-7 5440:: 23–61 (49–53). 5272:978-0-521-84026-2 5253:Cooley, Alison E. 5228:, pp. 32–33. 5196: 5195: 5172:978-0-19-537941-9 4791: 4790: 4718: 4717: 4253:M. Petronius Sura 2679:L. Vibius Sabinus 2058:M. Cocceius Nerva 1773:Ryse: Son of Rome 1759:, who received a 1632:Capitoline Museum 1581:Aelius Lampridius 1526:Septimius Severus 1499:damnatio memoriae 1470:Damnatio memoriae 1250:Septimius Severus 1095:Dacia and Britain 1057:Germania Inferior 949: 948: 941: 753:Tribunician power 688:Adoptive Emperors 410: 409: 377: 376: 325: 324: 241: 213: 212: 177: 176: 11936: 11805:List of pharaohs 11695: 11694: 11460:Pescennius Niger 11348: 11347: 11344: 11343: 11256:Ptolemy IX Soter 11226:Cleopatra I Syra 11146: 11145: 11142: 11141: 10891: 10890: 10887: 10886: 10843: 10842: 10834: 10833: 10827: 10826: 10812: 10811: 10563:Djedkhonsuefankh 10481: 10480: 10477: 10476: 10258: 10257: 10254: 10253: 10228: 10223: 10208: 10207: 10199: 10198: 10192: 10191: 10177: 10176: 9770:Qareh Khawoserre 9756:Yakbim Sekhaenre 9697:Mersekhemre Ined 9511: 9510: 9507: 9506: 9358: 9357: 9354: 9353: 9310: 9309: 9301: 9300: 9294: 9293: 9279: 9278: 9065: 9064: 9061: 9060: 8810: 8809: 8806: 8805: 8614: 8613: 8610: 8609: 8384: 8383: 8380: 8379: 8336: 8335: 8327: 8326: 8320: 8319: 8305: 8304: 8290: 8283: 8276: 8267: 8266: 8111:John IV Laskaris 8084:Alexios V Doukas 8069:Isaac II Angelos 8035:John II Komnenos 7961:Isaac I Komnenos 7921:Constantine VIII 7911:John I Tzimiskes 7638:Byzantine Empire 7412: 7411: 6909: 6902: 6895: 6886: 6885: 6873: 6839: 6828:Preceded by 6817: 6814:Apuleius Rufinus 6783: 6772:Preceded by 6761: 6720:Preceded by 6709: 6675: 6673:Q. Tineius Rufus 6669:Preceded by 6658: 6655:Q. Tineius Rufus 6624: 6613:Preceded by 6602: 6568: 6562:Preceded by 6551: 6515: 6504:Preceded by 6472:Preceded by 6462: 6455: 6437: 6436: 6339: 6262:Geoff W Adams . 6252: 6244: 6236: 6228: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6207: 6186: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6169:TI Media Limited 6154: 6148: 6147: 6145: 6143: 6126: 6120: 6119: 6113: 6105: 6103: 6101: 6085: 6079: 6076: 6070: 6063: 6057: 6051: 6045: 6035: 6029: 6024:Gibbon, Edward, 6022: 6016: 6013: 6007: 6006: 6004: 6002: 5983: 5977: 5974: 5968: 5965: 5956: 5949:Historia Augusta 5946: 5940: 5937: 5931: 5928: 5922: 5917:Gibbon, Edward, 5915: 5909: 5902: 5896: 5891:Grant, Michael. 5889: 5883: 5882: 5846: 5840: 5834: 5828: 5818: 5812: 5809: 5803: 5800: 5794: 5791: 5785: 5774: 5768: 5765: 5759: 5756: 5750: 5749: 5743: 5735: 5733: 5731: 5716: 5710: 5707: 5698: 5691: 5685: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5671:. Archived from 5665: 5659: 5658: 5656: 5654: 5640: 5634: 5628: 5622: 5618:Historia Augusta 5614: 5608: 5604:Historia Augusta 5600: 5594: 5593: 5573: 5567: 5566: 5546: 5540: 5539: 5499: 5493: 5492: 5472: 5466: 5465: 5422: 5413: 5409:Historia Augusta 5405: 5399: 5395:Historia Augusta 5391: 5385: 5378: 5369: 5359: 5353: 5346: 5340: 5333: 5324: 5320:Historia Augusta 5316: 5310: 5305:Historia Augusta 5301: 5295: 5283: 5277: 5276: 5249: 5240: 5235: 5229: 5223: 5190: 5176: 5154: 5135: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5087: 5084: 5073: 5070: 5064: 5048: 5042: 5039: 5024: 5021: 5015: 5012: 5006: 5003: 4984: 4981: 4968: 4965: 4959: 4956: 4943: 4940: 4934: 4927: 4921: 4914: 4908: 4901: 4895: 4892: 4886: 4883: 4874: 4864: 4853: 4850: 4841: 4838: 4832: 4829: 4820: 4817: 4811: 4808: 4773: 4763: 4757: 4751: 4741: 4735:(3) = 3rd spouse 4732:(2) = 2nd spouse 4729:(1) = 1st spouse 4724: 4723: 4707: 4705: 4699: 4522:Antonia Gordiana 4507:Plautia Servilla 4328:Servilia Ceionia 4271: 4269: 4263: 4246:Cornificia Minor 4017: 4015: 4009: 3986: 3974: 3972: 3966: 3718:L. Aelius Caesar 3707: 3705: 3699: 3690: 3102:Boionia Procilla 3089:Rupilia Faustina 2959: 2949: 2947: 2942: 2933: 2673: 2431: 2421: 2419: 2413: 2397: 2388: 2240: 2238: 2232: 2219: 2195: 2193: 2187: 2063:Sergia Plautilla 2043:Antonia Furnilla 1922: 1921: 1909: 1902: 1895: 1886: 1885: 1707:Edwin Blashfield 1699: 1642:Augustan History 1454:Hercules Romanus 1441:adjacent to the 1439:Colossus of Nero 1432:Dies Commodianus 1242:Praetorian Guard 1231:Arrius Antoninus 1227:Antistius Burrus 1144:Capitoline Games 1121:Ulpius Marcellus 1113:Pescennius Niger 1083:he took part in 1049:Salvius Julianus 978:, St. Petersburg 976:Hermitage Museum 944: 937: 933: 930: 924: 893: 885: 855:senatorial order 814:Historia Augusta 750: 729:Bruttia Crispina 601:Marcomannic Wars 541: 484:personality cult 471:Marcomannic Wars 449: 448: 445: 444: 441: 438: 435: 432: 429: 426: 423: 402: 395: 388: 369:Followed by 362:Preceded by 359: 358: 253: 252: 239: 227: 215: 214: 156: 155: 149:Bruttia Crispina 93: 48: 47: 180 – 185 45: 40: 28: 27: 11944: 11943: 11939: 11938: 11937: 11935: 11934: 11933: 11814: 11813: 11812: 11807: 11794: 11700: 11677: 11577:Macrianus Minor 11506:Maximinus Thrax 11442:Marcus Aurelius 11341: 11340: 11339: 11327: 11186:Ptolemy I Soter 11172: 11139: 11138: 11137: 11125: 11092: 11064: 11024: 11006: 10986:Psammetichus IV 10956: 10884: 10883: 10882: 10870: 10848: 10839: 10828: 10825:(664 BC–313 AD) 10824: 10823: 10794: 10756: 10733: 10729:Menkheperre Ini 10666: 10589: 10527: 10474: 10473: 10472: 10460: 10397: 10344: 10325:Neferneferuaten 10251: 10250: 10249: 10237: 10236: 10226: 10221: 10220:Pharaohs 10213: 10204: 10193: 10189: 10188: 10159: 10094: 10053: 9980:Sobekhotep VIII 9961: 9893: 9741: 9702:Sewadjkare Hori 9504: 9503: 9502: 9490: 9430: 9404: 9351: 9350: 9349: 9337: 9315: 9306: 9295: 9291: 9290: 9261: 9228: 9188: 9096:Djedkare Shemai 9058: 9057: 9056: 9044: 8982: 8924: 8867: 8803: 8802: 8801: 8789: 8683: 8607: 8606: 8605: 8593: 8498: 8377: 8376: 8375: 8363: 8341: 8332: 8321: 8317: 8316: 8299: 8294: 8264: 8259: 8252: 8196:Gallic emperors 8184: 7872:Constantine VII 7653:Constantine III 7640: 7637: 7626: 7535: 7527: 7466:Valentinian III 7454:Constantius III 7448:Priscus Attalus 7432:Constantine III 7418: 7410: 7300:Valerius Valens 7245: 7237: 7083: 7075: 7034:Didius Julianus 7014:Marcus Aurelius 6931: 6923: 6913: 6872: 6868: 6853: 6851: 6838: 6834: 6816: 6812: 6797: 6795: 6782: 6778: 6760: 6758:L. Annius Ravus 6756: 6753:L. Novius Rufus 6740: 6738: 6732: 6729: 6726: 6708: 6704: 6689: 6687: 6674: 6672: 6657: 6653: 6638: 6636: 6623: 6619: 6601: 6597: 6582: 6580: 6567: 6565: 6550: 6546: 6531: 6529: 6514: 6511:M. Flavius Aper 6509: 6494: 6485: 6477: 6475:Marcus Aurelius 6461:31 December 192 6456: 6450: 6449: 6442: 6418: 6328:10.2307/4238646 6259: 6257:Further reading 6239: 6223: 6220: 6215: 6205: 6203: 6187: 6183: 6173: 6171: 6155: 6151: 6141: 6139: 6127: 6123: 6107: 6106: 6099: 6097: 6088: 6086: 6082: 6077: 6073: 6064: 6060: 6052: 6048: 6038:Lane Fox, Robin 6036: 6032: 6023: 6019: 6014: 6010: 6000: 5998: 5985: 5984: 5980: 5975: 5971: 5966: 5959: 5947: 5943: 5938: 5934: 5929: 5925: 5916: 5912: 5903: 5899: 5890: 5886: 5847: 5843: 5835: 5831: 5819: 5815: 5810: 5806: 5801: 5797: 5792: 5788: 5775: 5771: 5766: 5762: 5757: 5753: 5737: 5736: 5729: 5727: 5718: 5717: 5713: 5708: 5701: 5692: 5688: 5678: 5676: 5667: 5666: 5662: 5652: 5650: 5642: 5641: 5637: 5629: 5625: 5615: 5611: 5601: 5597: 5590: 5574: 5570: 5563: 5547: 5543: 5520:10.2307/4238640 5500: 5496: 5489: 5473: 5469: 5446:10.2307/4238599 5423: 5416: 5406: 5402: 5392: 5388: 5379: 5372: 5360: 5356: 5347: 5343: 5334: 5327: 5317: 5313: 5302: 5298: 5284: 5280: 5273: 5265:. p. 494. 5250: 5243: 5236: 5232: 5224: 5217: 5213: 5201: 5173: 5159:Levick, Barbara 5151: 5132: 5110: 5108: 5090: 5085: 5076: 5071: 5067: 5049: 5045: 5040: 5027: 5022: 5018: 5013: 5009: 5004: 4987: 4982: 4971: 4966: 4962: 4957: 4946: 4941: 4937: 4928: 4924: 4915: 4911: 4902: 4898: 4893: 4889: 4884: 4877: 4865: 4856: 4851: 4844: 4839: 4835: 4830: 4823: 4818: 4814: 4809: 4805: 4771: 4765: 4761: 4759: 4755: 4753: 4749: 4747: 4739: 4702: 4700: 4695: 4266: 4264: 4259: 4047:Ceionia Plautia 4012: 4010: 4005: 4000:Aurelia Fadilla 3982: 3969: 3967: 3964:Marcus Aurelius 3962: 3702: 3700: 3695: 3686: 3657:M. Annius Verus 3083:M. Annius Verus 2955: 2944: 2938: 2929: 2671:Salonia Matidia 2669: 2427: 2416: 2414: 2409: 2393: 2386: 2235: 2233: 2228: 2215: 2202:Marcia Furnilla 2190: 2188: 2183: 1916: 1913: 1884: 1826:Aaron Jakubenko 1810:, a parody of " 1757:Joaquin Phoenix 1740:Marcus Aurelius 1717: 1710: 1700: 1655: 1621: 1593: 1591:Changes of name 1543: 1538: 1462: 1353:Temple of Vesta 1305: 1173: 1109:Clodius Albinus 1097: 1065: 1053:Didius Julianus 945: 934: 928: 925: 910: 894: 883: 835:Marcus Aurelius 793:Marcus Aurelius 748: 737: 627:Avidius Cassius 552:Marcus Aurelius 539: 536: 531: 456:Marcus Aurelius 420: 416: 406: 370: 365:Flavian dynasty 363: 348: 307:Marcus Aurelius 230: 198:Marcus Aurelius 173: 140: 129: 109: 91: 75:Marcus Aurelius 65: 49: 46: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 11942: 11932: 11931: 11926: 11921: 11916: 11914:Roman pharaohs 11911: 11906: 11901: 11896: 11891: 11886: 11881: 11876: 11871: 11866: 11861: 11856: 11851: 11846: 11841: 11836: 11831: 11826: 11809: 11808: 11803: 11800: 11799: 11796: 11795: 11793: 11792: 11787: 11782: 11777: 11772: 11767: 11762: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11742: 11737: 11732: 11727: 11722: 11717: 11714: 11711: 11705: 11702: 11701: 11691: 11690: 11687: 11686: 11683: 11682: 11679: 11678: 11676: 11675: 11673:Maximinus Daza 11670: 11665: 11660: 11655: 11648: 11641: 11634: 11629: 11622: 11615: 11608: 11601: 11594: 11587: 11580: 11573: 11568: 11561: 11554: 11549: 11544: 11537: 11530: 11523: 11516: 11509: 11502: 11495: 11488: 11483: 11478: 11473: 11468: 11463: 11456: 11449: 11444: 11439: 11434: 11432:Antoninus Pius 11429: 11424: 11419: 11414: 11409: 11404: 11399: 11392: 11387: 11382: 11377: 11372: 11367: 11362: 11356: 11354: 11345: 11342:(30 BC–313 AD) 11333: 11332: 11329: 11328: 11326: 11325: 11320: 11315: 11310: 11305: 11300: 11293: 11288: 11283: 11278: 11273: 11268: 11263: 11258: 11253: 11248: 11243: 11238: 11233: 11228: 11223: 11218: 11213: 11208: 11203: 11198: 11193: 11188: 11182: 11180: 11174: 11173: 11171: 11170: 11165: 11160: 11154: 11152: 11143: 11131: 11130: 11127: 11126: 11124: 11123: 11118: 11113: 11108: 11106:Artaxerxes III 11102: 11100: 11094: 11093: 11091: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11074: 11072: 11066: 11065: 11063: 11062: 11055: 11050: 11045: 11040: 11034: 11032: 11026: 11025: 11023: 11022: 11016: 11014: 11008: 11007: 11005: 11004: 10999: 10994: 10989: 10982: 10977: 10975:Petubastis III 10972: 10966: 10964: 10958: 10957: 10955: 10954: 10949: 10944: 10939: 10934: 10929: 10924: 10919: 10912: 10907: 10899: 10897: 10888: 10876: 10875: 10872: 10871: 10869: 10868: 10863: 10862: 10861: 10858: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10840: 10837: 10830: 10829: 10808: 10807: 10804: 10803: 10800: 10799: 10796: 10795: 10793: 10792: 10787: 10782: 10777: 10772: 10766: 10764: 10758: 10757: 10755: 10754: 10749: 10743: 10741: 10735: 10734: 10732: 10731: 10726: 10719: 10714: 10709: 10704: 10699: 10692: 10687: 10682: 10676: 10674: 10668: 10667: 10665: 10664: 10659: 10652: 10647: 10642: 10637: 10632: 10627: 10622: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10599: 10597: 10591: 10590: 10588: 10587: 10580: 10575: 10570: 10565: 10560: 10555: 10550: 10543: 10537: 10535: 10529: 10528: 10526: 10525: 10520: 10515: 10510: 10505: 10500: 10495: 10489: 10487: 10478: 10470:3 Intermediate 10466: 10465: 10462: 10461: 10459: 10458: 10453: 10448: 10443: 10438: 10433: 10428: 10423: 10418: 10413: 10407: 10405: 10399: 10398: 10396: 10395: 10390: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10365: 10360: 10354: 10352: 10346: 10345: 10343: 10342: 10337: 10332: 10327: 10322: 10317: 10312: 10307: 10302: 10297: 10292: 10287: 10282: 10277: 10272: 10266: 10264: 10255: 10252:(1550–1070 BC) 10243: 10242: 10239: 10238: 10235: 10234: 10229: 10224: 10217: 10216: 10214: 10211: 10205: 10202: 10195: 10194: 10173: 10172: 10169: 10168: 10165: 10164: 10161: 10160: 10158: 10157: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10110: 10104: 10102: 10096: 10095: 10093: 10092: 10085: 10078: 10071: 10063: 10061: 10055: 10054: 10052: 10051: 10044: 10037: 10032: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10007: 10002: 9997: 9992: 9987: 9985:Neferhotep III 9982: 9977: 9971: 9969: 9963: 9962: 9960: 9959: 9954: 9949: 9942: 9937: 9932: 9925: 9918: 9911: 9903: 9901: 9895: 9894: 9892: 9891: 9884: 9877: 9870: 9863: 9856: 9849: 9842: 9837: 9832: 9827: 9822: 9817: 9815:Sewadjkare III 9812: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9787: 9784:Maaibre Sheshi 9780: 9777:'Ammu Ahotepre 9773: 9766: 9759: 9751: 9749: 9743: 9742: 9740: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9709: 9704: 9699: 9694: 9689: 9687:Merhotepre Ini 9684: 9679: 9674: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9654: 9649: 9647:Sobekhotep III 9644: 9639: 9634: 9629: 9624: 9617: 9612: 9607: 9602: 9597: 9592: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9572: 9567: 9562: 9557: 9552: 9547: 9542: 9537: 9532: 9527: 9519: 9517: 9508: 9505:(1802–1550 BC) 9500:2 Intermediate 9496: 9495: 9492: 9491: 9489: 9488: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9451: 9446: 9440: 9438: 9432: 9431: 9429: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9412: 9410: 9406: 9405: 9403: 9402: 9397: 9395:Mentuhotep III 9392: 9387: 9382: 9377: 9372: 9366: 9364: 9355: 9352:(2040–1802 BC) 9347:Middle Kingdom 9343: 9342: 9339: 9338: 9336: 9335: 9330: 9329: 9328: 9325: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9307: 9304: 9297: 9296: 9284:Middle Kingdom 9275: 9274: 9271: 9270: 9267: 9266: 9263: 9262: 9260: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9247:Neferkare VIII 9244: 9238: 9236: 9230: 9229: 9227: 9226: 9219: 9214: 9212:Nebkaure Khety 9209: 9204: 9202:Meryibre Khety 9198: 9196: 9190: 9189: 9187: 9186: 9179: 9172: 9165: 9158: 9153: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9136:Neferkamin Anu 9133: 9128: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9077: 9075: 9062: 9059:(2181–2040 BC) 9054:1 Intermediate 9050: 9049: 9046: 9045: 9043: 9042: 9035: 9028: 9023: 9018: 9013: 9008: 9003: 8998: 8992: 8990: 8984: 8983: 8981: 8980: 8975: 8973:Djedkare Isesi 8970: 8968:Menkauhor Kaiu 8965: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8945: 8940: 8934: 8932: 8926: 8925: 8923: 8922: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8877: 8875: 8869: 8868: 8866: 8865: 8860: 8853: 8846: 8841: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8818: 8816: 8807: 8804:(2686–2181 BC) 8795: 8794: 8791: 8790: 8788: 8787: 8782: 8775: 8768: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8744: 8737: 8730: 8723: 8716: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8693: 8691: 8685: 8684: 8682: 8681: 8674: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8622: 8620: 8611: 8608:(3150–2686 BC) 8603:Early Dynastic 8599: 8598: 8595: 8594: 8592: 8591: 8582: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8558: 8551: 8544: 8537: 8530: 8523: 8516: 8508: 8506: 8500: 8499: 8497: 8496: 8489: 8484: 8477: 8470: 8463: 8456: 8449: 8442: 8435: 8428: 8421: 8414: 8407: 8400: 8392: 8390: 8381: 8369: 8368: 8365: 8364: 8362: 8361: 8356: 8355: 8354: 8351: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8333: 8330: 8323: 8322: 8301: 8300: 8293: 8292: 8285: 8278: 8270: 8261: 8260: 8257: 8254: 8253: 8251: 8250: 8249: 8248: 8243: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8217: 8211: 8205: 8199: 8192: 8190: 8186: 8185: 8183: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8155: 8150: 8138: 8133: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8032: 8020: 8015: 7991: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7951:Theodora (III) 7948: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7847: 7842: 7830: 7818: 7813: 7801: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7766:Constantine VI 7763: 7758: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7730:Theodosius III 7727: 7722: 7717: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7675:Constantine IV 7672: 7667: 7655: 7650: 7644: 7642: 7632: 7631: 7628: 7627: 7625: 7624: 7619: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7539: 7537: 7533:Eastern Empire 7529: 7528: 7526: 7525: 7518: 7513: 7506: 7499: 7494: 7487: 7482: 7475: 7468: 7463: 7456: 7451: 7444: 7428: 7422: 7420: 7416:Western Empire 7409: 7408: 7401: 7389:Magnus Maximus 7385: 7383:Valentinian II 7380: 7375: 7370: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7336: 7329: 7322: 7317: 7315:Constantius II 7312: 7310:Constantine II 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7249: 7247: 7239: 7238: 7236: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7178: 7173: 7165: 7160: 7142: 7130: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7087: 7085: 7077: 7076: 7074: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7009:Antoninus Pius 7006: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6935: 6933: 6932:27 BC – AD 235 6925: 6924: 6912: 6911: 6904: 6897: 6889: 6881: 6880: 6863: 6860: 6846: 6829: 6825: 6824: 6807: 6804: 6790: 6773: 6769: 6768: 6751: 6748: 6733: 6721: 6717: 6716: 6699: 6696: 6682: 6670: 6666: 6665: 6648: 6645: 6631: 6614: 6610: 6609: 6592: 6589: 6575: 6563: 6559: 6558: 6541: 6538: 6522: 6505: 6501: 6500: 6496: 6495: 6490: 6487: 6478: 6473: 6469: 6468: 6467:Regnal titles 6464: 6463: 6443: 6440: 6435: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6417: 6416:External links 6414: 6413: 6412: 6405: 6394: 6379: 6372: 6371: 6370: 6340: 6308:Hammond, Mason 6304: 6297: 6286: 6275: 6258: 6255: 6254: 6253: 6237: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6213: 6181: 6149: 6121: 6080: 6071: 6058: 6046: 6030: 6017: 6008: 5997:on 26 May 2022 5991:Wondrium Daily 5978: 5969: 5957: 5941: 5932: 5923: 5910: 5904:Dio, Cassius, 5897: 5884: 5863:10.2307/300981 5841: 5829: 5813: 5804: 5795: 5786: 5769: 5760: 5751: 5711: 5699: 5693:Dio, Cassius, 5686: 5660: 5635: 5630:Dio, Cassius, 5623: 5609: 5595: 5588: 5568: 5561: 5541: 5494: 5487: 5467: 5426:Hammond, Mason 5414: 5400: 5386: 5370: 5354: 5341: 5335:David L. Vagi 5325: 5311: 5296: 5278: 5271: 5241: 5238:RE Aurelius 89 5230: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5208: 5207: 5200: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5192: 5191: 5183:, ed. (1870). 5181:Smith, William 5177: 5171: 5155: 5149: 5136: 5130: 5117: 5092: 5091: 5089: 5088: 5074: 5065: 5043: 5025: 5016: 5007: 4985: 4969: 4960: 4944: 4935: 4922: 4920:, pp. 319–322. 4916:Smith (1870), 4909: 4903:Smith (1870), 4896: 4887: 4875: 4854: 4842: 4833: 4821: 4812: 4802: 4793: 4792: 4789: 4788: 4787: 4786: 4769: 4766: 4760: 4754: 4748: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4730: 4720: 4719: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4709: 4706: 238–244 4693: 4691: 4689: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4634: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4612: 4610: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4542: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4532: 4526: 4524: 4519: 4517: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4492: 4490: 4488:Aurelia Sabina 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4301: 4299: 4293: 4291: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4270: 177–192 4257: 4255: 4250: 4248: 4242: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4235: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4083: 4081: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4049: 4044: 4042: 4037: 4035: 4030: 4028: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4016: 161–169 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3989: 3987: 3984:Faustina Minor 3980: 3978: 3976: 3973: 161–180 3960: 3958: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3735: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3706: 138–161 3697:Antoninus Pius 3693: 3691: 3684: 3682: 3680:M. Annius Libo 3677: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3661: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3486: 3481: 3479: 3474: 3472: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3308:Arria Antonina 3306: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3079: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3062: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2953: 2951: 2948: 117–138 2936: 2934: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2870: 2865: 2863: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2676: 2674: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2650:Lucius Mindius 2646: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2453: 2448: 2446: 2444:P. Aelius Afer 2441: 2439: 2434: 2432: 2425: 2423: 2407: 2405: 2400: 2398: 2391: 2389: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2260: 2255: 2253: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2217:Trajanus Pater 2213: 2211: 2206: 2204: 2199: 2197: 2180: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2034: 2032: 2026: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1955: 1953: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1925: 1918: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1911: 1904: 1897: 1889: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1878: 1829: 1815: 1790: 1781: 1768: 1743: 1716: 1713: 1712: 1711: 1701: 1694: 1654: 1651: 1620: 1617: 1613:Dominus Noster 1592: 1589: 1573:Roman citizens 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1461: 1458: 1396:Exsuperatorius 1341:megalomaniacal 1304: 1301: 1273:Vigiles Urbani 1268:Circus Maximus 1172: 1169: 1096: 1093: 1089:chariot racing 1064: 1061: 947: 946: 897: 895: 888: 882: 879: 831:Antoninus Pius 773:Roman currency 736: 733: 629:, Governor of 625:In April 175, 563:Antoninus Pius 535: 532: 530: 527: 408: 407: 405: 404: 397: 390: 382: 379: 378: 375: 374: 367: 355: 354: 350: 349: 347: 346: 341: 335: 332: 331: 327: 326: 323: 322: 319: 313: 312: 309: 303: 302: 299: 293: 292: 289: 287:Antoninus Pius 283: 282: 279: 273: 272: 269: 263: 262: 259: 249: 248: 244: 243: 232: 231: 228: 220: 219: 211: 210: 205: 201: 200: 195: 191: 190: 188:Nerva–Antonine 185: 179: 178: 175: 174: 172: 171: 168: 164: 161: 160: 152: 151: 146: 142: 141: 138: 136: 132: 131: 126: 122: 121: 106: 102: 101: 98: 97: 94: 88: 87: 82: 78: 77: 72: 68: 67: 62: 58: 57: 51: 50: 41: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11941: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11922: 11920: 11917: 11915: 11912: 11910: 11907: 11905: 11902: 11900: 11897: 11895: 11892: 11890: 11887: 11885: 11882: 11880: 11877: 11875: 11872: 11870: 11867: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11837: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11827: 11825: 11822: 11821: 11819: 11806: 11801: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11776: 11773: 11771: 11768: 11766: 11763: 11761: 11758: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11728: 11726: 11723: 11721: 11718: 11715: 11712: 11710: 11707: 11706: 11703: 11696: 11692: 11674: 11671: 11669: 11666: 11664: 11661: 11659: 11656: 11654: 11653: 11649: 11647: 11646: 11642: 11640: 11639: 11635: 11633: 11630: 11628: 11627: 11623: 11621: 11620: 11616: 11614: 11613: 11609: 11607: 11606: 11602: 11600: 11599: 11595: 11593: 11592: 11588: 11586: 11585: 11581: 11579: 11578: 11574: 11572: 11569: 11567: 11566: 11562: 11560: 11559: 11555: 11553: 11550: 11548: 11545: 11543: 11542: 11538: 11536: 11535: 11531: 11529: 11528: 11524: 11522: 11521: 11517: 11515: 11514: 11510: 11508: 11507: 11503: 11501: 11500: 11496: 11494: 11493: 11489: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11479: 11477: 11474: 11472: 11469: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11461: 11457: 11455: 11454: 11450: 11448: 11445: 11443: 11440: 11438: 11435: 11433: 11430: 11428: 11425: 11423: 11420: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11408: 11405: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11397: 11393: 11391: 11388: 11386: 11383: 11381: 11378: 11376: 11373: 11371: 11368: 11366: 11363: 11361: 11358: 11357: 11355: 11353: 11349: 11346: 11338: 11334: 11324: 11321: 11319: 11316: 11314: 11311: 11309: 11306: 11304: 11301: 11299: 11298: 11294: 11292: 11289: 11287: 11284: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11269: 11267: 11264: 11262: 11259: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11251:Cleopatra III 11249: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11229: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11183: 11181: 11179: 11175: 11169: 11166: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11156: 11155: 11153: 11151: 11147: 11144: 11136: 11132: 11122: 11119: 11117: 11114: 11112: 11109: 11107: 11104: 11103: 11101: 11099: 11095: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11075: 11073: 11071: 11067: 11061: 11060: 11056: 11054: 11053:Nepherites II 11051: 11049: 11046: 11044: 11041: 11039: 11036: 11035: 11033: 11031: 11027: 11021: 11018: 11017: 11015: 11013: 11009: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10988: 10987: 10983: 10981: 10978: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10967: 10965: 10963: 10959: 10953: 10950: 10948: 10945: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10933: 10930: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10917: 10913: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10905: 10901: 10900: 10898: 10896: 10892: 10889: 10881: 10877: 10867: 10864: 10859: 10856: 10855: 10853: 10852: 10850: 10844: 10841: 10835: 10831: 10822: 10818: 10813: 10809: 10791: 10788: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10773: 10771: 10768: 10767: 10765: 10763: 10759: 10753: 10750: 10748: 10745: 10744: 10742: 10740: 10736: 10730: 10727: 10725: 10724: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10697: 10693: 10691: 10688: 10686: 10683: 10681: 10678: 10677: 10675: 10673: 10669: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10657: 10653: 10651: 10648: 10646: 10643: 10641: 10638: 10636: 10633: 10631: 10628: 10626: 10623: 10621: 10620: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10600: 10598: 10596: 10592: 10586: 10585: 10584:Psusennes III 10581: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10571: 10569: 10566: 10564: 10561: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10549: 10548: 10544: 10542: 10539: 10538: 10536: 10534: 10530: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10490: 10488: 10486: 10482: 10479: 10475:(1069–664 BC) 10471: 10467: 10457: 10454: 10452: 10449: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10441:Ramesses VIII 10439: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10427: 10424: 10422: 10419: 10417: 10414: 10412: 10409: 10408: 10406: 10404: 10400: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10355: 10353: 10351: 10347: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10331: 10328: 10326: 10323: 10321: 10318: 10316: 10313: 10311: 10310:Amenhotep III 10308: 10306: 10303: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10283: 10281: 10278: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10267: 10265: 10263: 10259: 10256: 10248: 10244: 10233: 10230: 10225: 10219: 10218: 10215: 10209: 10206: 10200: 10196: 10187: 10183: 10178: 10174: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10150:Seqenenre Tao 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10125:Sobekemsaf II 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10115: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10105: 10103: 10101: 10097: 10091: 10090: 10086: 10084: 10083: 10079: 10077: 10076: 10075:Wepwawetemsaf 10072: 10070: 10069: 10065: 10064: 10062: 10060: 10056: 10050: 10049: 10045: 10043: 10042: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9972: 9970: 9968: 9964: 9958: 9955: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9947: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9930: 9926: 9924: 9923: 9919: 9917: 9916: 9912: 9910: 9909: 9905: 9904: 9902: 9900: 9896: 9890: 9889: 9885: 9883: 9882: 9878: 9876: 9875: 9871: 9869: 9868: 9864: 9862: 9861: 9857: 9855: 9854: 9850: 9848: 9847: 9843: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9785: 9781: 9779: 9778: 9774: 9772: 9771: 9767: 9765: 9764: 9760: 9758: 9757: 9753: 9752: 9750: 9748: 9744: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9682:Merneferre Ay 9680: 9678: 9677:Wahibre Ibiau 9675: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9662:Sobekhotep IV 9660: 9658: 9655: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9622: 9618: 9616: 9613: 9611: 9608: 9606: 9603: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9578: 9576: 9573: 9571: 9568: 9566: 9563: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9541: 9538: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9526: 9525: 9521: 9520: 9518: 9516: 9512: 9509: 9501: 9497: 9487: 9486: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9469:Amenemhat III 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9441: 9439: 9437: 9433: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9413: 9411: 9407: 9401: 9400:Mentuhotep IV 9398: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9390:Mentuhotep II 9388: 9386: 9383: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9368: 9367: 9365: 9363: 9359: 9356: 9348: 9344: 9334: 9331: 9326: 9323: 9322: 9320: 9319: 9317: 9311: 9308: 9302: 9298: 9289: 9285: 9280: 9276: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9252:Wahkare Khety 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9239: 9237: 9235: 9231: 9225: 9224: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9207:Neferkare VII 9205: 9203: 9200: 9199: 9197: 9195: 9191: 9185: 9184: 9180: 9178: 9177: 9173: 9171: 9170: 9166: 9164: 9163: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9078: 9076: 9074: 9070: 9066: 9063: 9055: 9051: 9041: 9040: 9036: 9034: 9033: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8994: 8993: 8991: 8989: 8985: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8944: 8941: 8939: 8936: 8935: 8933: 8931: 8927: 8921: 8920: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8903: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8878: 8876: 8874: 8870: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8858: 8854: 8852: 8851: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8839: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8819: 8817: 8815: 8811: 8808: 8800: 8796: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8780: 8776: 8774: 8773: 8769: 8767: 8766: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8754:Seth-Peribsen 8752: 8750: 8749: 8745: 8743: 8742: 8738: 8736: 8735: 8731: 8729: 8728: 8724: 8722: 8721: 8717: 8715: 8714: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8697:Hotepsekhemwy 8695: 8694: 8692: 8690: 8686: 8680: 8679: 8675: 8673: 8672: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8627: 8624: 8623: 8621: 8619: 8615: 8612: 8604: 8600: 8590: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8580: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8563: 8559: 8557: 8556: 8552: 8550: 8549: 8545: 8543: 8542: 8538: 8536: 8535: 8531: 8529: 8528: 8524: 8522: 8521: 8517: 8515: 8514: 8510: 8509: 8507: 8505: 8501: 8495: 8494: 8490: 8488: 8487:Double Falcon 8485: 8483: 8482: 8478: 8476: 8475: 8471: 8469: 8468: 8464: 8462: 8461: 8457: 8455: 8454: 8450: 8448: 8447: 8443: 8441: 8440: 8436: 8434: 8433: 8429: 8427: 8426: 8422: 8420: 8419: 8415: 8413: 8412: 8408: 8406: 8405: 8401: 8399: 8398: 8394: 8393: 8391: 8389: 8385: 8382: 8378:(pre-3150 BC) 8374: 8373:Protodynastic 8370: 8360: 8357: 8352: 8349: 8348: 8346: 8345: 8343: 8337: 8334: 8328: 8324: 8315: 8311: 8310:Protodynastic 8306: 8302: 8298: 8291: 8286: 8284: 8279: 8277: 8272: 8271: 8268: 8255: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8238: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8221: 8218: 8215: 8212: 8209: 8206: 8203: 8200: 8197: 8194: 8193: 8191: 8187: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8165: 8164: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8148: 8147: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8096: 8095: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8064: 8063: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8042: 8041: 8036: 8033: 8030: 8029: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8013: 8012: 8007: 8006: 8001: 8000: 7995: 7992: 7989: 7988: 7983: 7982: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7896: 7895: 7890: 7889: 7884: 7883: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7857: 7856: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7840: 7839: 7834: 7833:Theodora (II) 7831: 7828: 7827: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7811: 7810: 7805: 7802: 7799: 7798: 7793: 7792: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7756: 7755: 7754: 7748: 7747: 7743: 7741: 7740:Constantine V 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7725:Anastasius II 7723: 7721: 7718: 7715: 7714: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7688: 7687: 7682: 7681: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7665: 7664: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7645: 7643: 7639: 7633: 7623: 7620: 7617: 7616: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7580: 7579: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7548:Theodosius II 7546: 7544: 7541: 7540: 7538: 7534: 7530: 7524: 7523: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7511: 7507: 7505: 7504: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7492: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7480: 7476: 7474: 7473: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7461: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7449: 7445: 7442: 7441: 7440: 7434: 7433: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7423: 7421: 7417: 7413: 7407: 7406: 7402: 7399: 7398: 7397: 7391: 7390: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7368: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7356:Valentinian I 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7341: 7337: 7335: 7334: 7330: 7328: 7327: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7285: 7281: 7279: 7278:Constantine I 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7268:Constantius I 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7250: 7248: 7244: 7240: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7188: 7187: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7171: 7170: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7158: 7157: 7152: 7151: 7146: 7143: 7140: 7139: 7134: 7131: 7128: 7127: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7088: 7086: 7082: 7078: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7061: 7060: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6936: 6934: 6930: 6926: 6921: 6917: 6910: 6905: 6903: 6898: 6896: 6891: 6890: 6887: 6878: 6877: 6871: 6866: 6859: 6858: 6850: 6849:Roman consul 6844: 6843: 6837: 6832: 6826: 6822: 6821: 6815: 6810: 6803: 6802: 6794: 6793:Roman consul 6788: 6787: 6781: 6776: 6770: 6766: 6765: 6759: 6754: 6747: 6745: 6737: 6736:Roman consul 6731: 6724: 6718: 6714: 6713: 6707: 6702: 6695: 6694: 6686: 6685:Roman consul 6680: 6679: 6667: 6663: 6662: 6656: 6651: 6644: 6643: 6635: 6634:Roman consul 6629: 6628: 6622: 6617: 6611: 6607: 6606: 6600: 6595: 6588: 6587: 6579: 6578:Roman consul 6573: 6572: 6560: 6556: 6555: 6549: 6544: 6537: 6536: 6528: 6527: 6520: 6519: 6512: 6508: 6502: 6497: 6493: 6484: 6483: 6482:Roman emperor 6476: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6454:31 August 161 6453: 6448: 6447: 6438: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6419: 6410: 6407:Jerry Toner, 6406: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6392: 6391:3-89646-833-2 6388: 6384: 6380: 6377: 6373: 6368: 6364: 6360: 6356: 6355: 6353: 6349: 6345: 6341: 6337: 6333: 6329: 6325: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6302: 6298: 6295: 6291: 6287: 6284: 6280: 6276: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6260: 6250: 6249: 6243: 6238: 6234: 6233: 6227: 6222: 6221: 6202: 6198: 6197: 6192: 6185: 6170: 6166: 6165: 6160: 6153: 6138: 6137: 6132: 6125: 6117: 6111: 6095: 6091: 6084: 6075: 6068: 6062: 6055: 6050: 6043: 6039: 6034: 6027: 6021: 6012: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5982: 5973: 5964: 5962: 5954: 5950: 5945: 5936: 5927: 5920: 5914: 5907: 5901: 5895:(1985) p. 99. 5894: 5888: 5880: 5876: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5845: 5839:, p. 32. 5838: 5833: 5826: 5823: 5817: 5808: 5799: 5790: 5783: 5779: 5773: 5764: 5755: 5747: 5741: 5725: 5721: 5715: 5706: 5704: 5696: 5690: 5674: 5670: 5664: 5649: 5645: 5639: 5633: 5627: 5620: 5619: 5613: 5606: 5605: 5599: 5591: 5585: 5581: 5580: 5572: 5564: 5558: 5554: 5553: 5545: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5498: 5490: 5484: 5480: 5479: 5471: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5421: 5419: 5411: 5410: 5404: 5397: 5396: 5390: 5383: 5377: 5375: 5367: 5366:Roman History 5363: 5358: 5351: 5345: 5338: 5332: 5330: 5322: 5321: 5315: 5308: 5306: 5300: 5293: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5274: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5259: 5254: 5248: 5246: 5239: 5234: 5227: 5222: 5220: 5215: 5206: 5203: 5202: 5188: 5187: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5150:0-670-15708-2 5146: 5142: 5137: 5133: 5131:0-8390-0193-2 5127: 5123: 5118: 5107: 5103: 5099: 5098: 5097: 5094: 5093: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5069: 5062: 5059: 5058: 5053: 5047: 5038: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5020: 5011: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4964: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4939: 4932: 4926: 4919: 4913: 4906: 4900: 4891: 4882: 4880: 4872: 4868: 4863: 4861: 4859: 4849: 4847: 4837: 4828: 4826: 4816: 4807: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4795: 4794: 4784: 4782: 4778: 4770: 4767: 4745: 4737: 4734: 4731: 4728: 4727: 4726: 4725: 4722: 4721: 4711: 4698: 4688: 4628: 4625: 4622: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4534: 4530: 4523: 4516: 4496: 4489: 4471: 4468: 4458: 4456: 4448: 4446: 4437: 4414: 4388: 4386: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4331: 4318: 4313: 4311: 4307: 4305: 4297: 4290: 4283: 4281: 4262: 4254: 4247: 4243: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4226: 4212: 4210: 4202: 4200: 4196: 4194: 4190: 4188: 4172: 4170: 4169: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4134: 4130: 4128: 4124: 4092: 4090: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4048: 4041: 4034: 4027: 4026:Ceionia Fabia 4020: 4008: 3993: 3985: 3965: 3957: 3953: 3950: 3926: 3924: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3906: 3904: 3886: 3884: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3864: 3862: 3861: 3856: 3844: 3842: 3822: 3820: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3782: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3770: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3754: 3752: 3746: 3744: 3740: 3738: 3737: 3734: 3719: 3698: 3689: 3681: 3665: 3658: 3654: 3651: 3643: 3635: 3633: 3605: 3603: 3602: 3575: 3569: 3567: 3549: 3517: 3515: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3488: 3485: 3478: 3471: 3451: 3445: 3443: 3423: 3401: 3398: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3368: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3348: 3346: 3340: 3336: 3334: 3322: 3313:Arria Fadilla 3283: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3262: 3254: 3252: 3251: 3229: 3217: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3205: 3201: 3199: 3170: 3167: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3154: 3149: 3145: 3143: 3109: 3084: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3064: 3061: 3041: 3035: 3033: 2986: 2980: 2958: 2941: 2932: 2900: 2899:Matidia Minor 2892: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2872: 2869: 2862: 2861:Paulina Minor 2823: 2811: 2809: 2780: 2777: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2739: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2719: 2717: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2695: 2687: 2685: 2680: 2672: 2661: 2651: 2647: 2644: 2632: 2630: 2626: 2624: 2623: 2570: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2455: 2452: 2451:Paulina Major 2445: 2438: 2430: 2420: 98–117 2412: 2404: 2396: 2380: 2377: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2351: 2349: 2348: 2325: 2319: 2317: 2313: 2305: 2303: 2295: 2293: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2262: 2259: 2252: 2231: 2218: 2210: 2203: 2186: 2181: 2178: 2170: 2168: 2167: 2114: 2110: 2108: 2104: 2102: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2081: 2038: 2031: 2027: 2024: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1988: 1986: 1985: 1980: 1956: 1954: 1936: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1919: 1910: 1905: 1903: 1898: 1896: 1891: 1890: 1888: 1887: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1867: 1862: 1861: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1835: 1830: 1827: 1822: 1821: 1816: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1796: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1782: 1779: 1775: 1774: 1769: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1753: 1748: 1744: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1732: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1718: 1708: 1704: 1698: 1693: 1692: 1691: 1689: 1683: 1681: 1675: 1673: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1650: 1648: 1644: 1643: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1609:Pacator Orbis 1605: 1600: 1596: 1588: 1586: 1585:Terme Taurine 1582: 1578: 1574: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1558: 1551: 1547: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1507: 1505: 1501: 1500: 1496: 1491: 1489: 1483: 1476: 1472: 1471: 1466: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1435: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1354: 1350: 1349:Temple of Pax 1345: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1309: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1285: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1274: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1258: 1253: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1192:governorships 1186: 1182: 1177: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1132: 1130: 1126: 1125:Antonine Wall 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1060: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1025: 1023: 1019: 1016: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 977: 973: 970: 966: 962: 958: 953: 943: 940: 932: 929:February 2024 922: 918: 914: 908: 907: 903: 898:This section 896: 892: 887: 886: 878: 876: 872: 871: 864: 861: 856: 850: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 818: 816: 815: 810: 806: 801: 799: 794: 789: 787: 782: 778: 774: 766: 762: 758: 754: 751:. "Holder of 746: 741: 732: 730: 726: 722: 718: 713: 711: 707: 706: 701: 700: 695: 694: 689: 685: 681: 676: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 645: 640: 636: 632: 628: 623: 621: 617: 613: 609: 606: 605:victory title 602: 598: 589: 585: 583: 579: 574: 572: 568: 564: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 526: 524: 520: 516: 512: 507: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 480: 476: 472: 467: 465: 461: 457: 453: 452:Roman emperor 447: 414: 403: 398: 396: 391: 389: 384: 383: 381: 380: 373: 368: 366: 361: 360: 357: 356: 352: 351: 345: 342: 340: 337: 336: 334: 333: 329: 328: 321:177–192 320: 318: 315: 314: 311:161–180 310: 308: 305: 304: 301:161–169 300: 298: 295: 294: 291:138–161 290: 288: 285: 284: 281:117–138 280: 278: 275: 274: 270: 268: 265: 264: 260: 258: 255: 254: 251: 250: 246: 245: 237: 234: 233: 226: 222: 221: 217: 216: 209: 206: 202: 199: 196: 192: 189: 186: 184: 180: 169: 166: 165: 162: 157: 153: 150: 147: 143: 137: 133: 127: 123: 120: 116: 112: 108:31 August 161 107: 103: 99: 95: 89: 86: 83: 79: 76: 73: 69: 63: 59: 56: 55:Roman emperor 52: 39: 34: 29: 26: 22: 11650: 11643: 11636: 11624: 11617: 11610: 11603: 11596: 11589: 11582: 11575: 11563: 11556: 11539: 11532: 11525: 11518: 11511: 11504: 11497: 11490: 11458: 11451: 11446: 11437:Lucius Verus 11394: 11295: 11271:Berenice III 11261:Cleopatra IV 11236:Cleopatra II 11168:Alexander IV 11088:Nectanebo II 11057: 11038:Nepherites I 10997:Artaxerxes I 10984: 10914: 10902: 10885:(664–332 BC) 10865: 10821:Roman Period 10723:Shoshenq VII 10721: 10694: 10654: 10635:Shoshenq III 10617: 10582: 10545: 10523:Psusennes II 10436:Ramesses VII 10416:Ramesses III 10300:Amenhotep II 10295:Thutmose III 10231: 10120:Sobekemsaf I 10112: 10087: 10080: 10073: 10066: 10046: 10039: 9944: 9927: 9922:'Aper-'Anati 9920: 9913: 9906: 9886: 9879: 9872: 9865: 9858: 9851: 9844: 9830:Sekheperenre 9782: 9775: 9768: 9761: 9754: 9652:Neferhotep I 9642:Seth Meribre 9619: 9605:Djedkheperew 9522: 9483: 9474:Amenemhat IV 9464:Senusret III 9454:Amenemhat II 9370:Mentuhotep I 9332: 9221: 9181: 9174: 9167: 9160: 9086:Neferkare II 9037: 9030: 8963:Nyuserre Ini 8917: 8900: 8855: 8848: 8836: 8777: 8772:Neferkasokar 8770: 8763: 8746: 8739: 8732: 8725: 8718: 8711: 8676: 8669: 8577: 8560: 8553: 8546: 8539: 8532: 8525: 8520:Finger Snail 8518: 8511: 8491: 8479: 8472: 8465: 8458: 8451: 8444: 8437: 8430: 8423: 8416: 8409: 8402: 8395: 8358: 8163:Andronikos V 8161: 8144: 8092: 8060: 8038: 8026: 8009: 8003: 7997: 7985: 7979: 7892: 7886: 7880: 7853: 7836: 7824: 7807: 7795: 7789: 7776:Nikephoros I 7751: 7750: 7744: 7711: 7708:Justinian II 7703:Tiberius III 7693:Justinian II 7684: 7678: 7661: 7613: 7585:Anastasius I 7576: 7520: 7516:Julius Nepos 7508: 7501: 7489: 7477: 7470: 7458: 7446: 7437: 7436: 7430: 7403: 7394: 7393: 7387: 7378:Theodosius I 7365: 7338: 7331: 7324: 7295:Maximinus II 7282: 7184: 7167: 7154: 7148: 7136: 7124: 7057: 7023: 7019:Lucius Verus 6875: 6874: 6854: 6848: 6841: 6840: 6819: 6818: 6798: 6792: 6785: 6784: 6763: 6762: 6741: 6735: 6711: 6710: 6705: 6690: 6684: 6677: 6676: 6660: 6659: 6639: 6633: 6626: 6625: 6604: 6603: 6583: 6577: 6570: 6569: 6553: 6552: 6532: 6526:Roman consul 6524: 6517: 6516: 6480: 6458: 6451: 6444: 6408: 6401: 6397: 6382: 6375: 6374:L. L. Howe, 6362: 6358: 6343: 6319: 6315: 6300: 6293: 6289: 6282: 6278: 6263: 6246: 6230: 6194: 6184: 6172:. Retrieved 6164:What's on TV 6162: 6152: 6140:. Retrieved 6136:Venture Beat 6134: 6124: 6098:. Retrieved 6083: 6074: 6066: 6061: 6049: 6041: 6033: 6025: 6020: 6011: 5999:. Retrieved 5995:the original 5990: 5981: 5972: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5935: 5926: 5918: 5913: 5905: 5900: 5892: 5887: 5854: 5850: 5844: 5832: 5824: 5822:Antike Welt, 5821: 5816: 5807: 5798: 5789: 5781: 5772: 5763: 5754: 5728:. Retrieved 5723: 5714: 5689: 5677:. Retrieved 5673:the original 5663: 5651:. Retrieved 5647: 5638: 5626: 5616: 5612: 5602: 5598: 5578: 5571: 5551: 5544: 5511: 5507: 5497: 5477: 5470: 5437: 5433: 5407: 5403: 5393: 5389: 5381: 5365: 5362:Dio, Cassius 5357: 5349: 5344: 5336: 5318: 5314: 5303: 5299: 5289: 5281: 5257: 5233: 5184: 5162: 5140: 5121: 5109:. Retrieved 5101: 5095: 5068: 5055: 5046: 5019: 5010: 4963: 4938: 4930: 4925: 4912: 4899: 4890: 4866: 4836: 4815: 4806: 4799: 4796: 4775: 4260: 4007:Lucius Verus 3476: 3243:Appia Severa 2239: 96–98 2194: 79–81 1874: 1870: 1864: 1858: 1832: 1818: 1793: 1784: 1771: 1750: 1747:Best Picture 1736:Anthony Mann 1729: 1722:narcissistic 1705:(detail) by 1702: 1684: 1676: 1656: 1640: 1637: 1612: 1608: 1604:Dura-Europos 1601: 1597: 1594: 1570: 1559: 1555: 1523: 1508: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1484: 1480: 1468: 1453: 1436: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1357: 1346: 1314: 1286: 1271: 1264:grain supply 1256: 1254: 1245: 1235: 1216: 1189: 1153: 1133: 1100: 1098: 1085:horse racing 1066: 1045: 1026: 1012: 1008:Lucius Verus 981: 972:cameo relief 935: 926: 911:Please help 899: 874: 868: 865: 860:gladiatorial 851: 819: 812: 802: 790: 779:from 96 per 770: 716: 714: 703: 697: 691: 677: 644:toga virilis 642: 624: 607: 594: 575: 537: 508: 468: 460:Roman Empire 412: 411: 316: 297:Lucius Verus 271:98–117 25: 11541:Gordian III 11486:Diadumenian 11286:Cleopatra V 11140:(332–30 BC) 11135:Hellenistic 11078:Nectanebo I 10970:Cambyses II 10952:Psamtik III 10910:Tefnakht II 10712:Takelot III 10707:Osorkon III 10702:Shoshenq VI 10656:Pedubast II 10640:Shoshenq IV 10613:Shoshenq II 10578:Pinedjem II 10568:Menkheperre 10503:Psusennes I 10456:Ramesses XI 10446:Ramesses IX 10431:Ramesses VI 10421:Ramesses IV 10368:Ramesses II 10330:Tutankhamun 10305:Thutmose IV 10285:Thutmose II 10275:Amenhotep I 10247:New Kingdom 10182:New Kingdom 10041:Senusret IV 10025:Dedumose II 10000:Nebiriau II 9995:Nebiryraw I 9990:Mentuhotepi 9795:Khakherewre 9722:Merkheperre 9632:Imyremeshaw 9615:Sedjefakare 9570:Sehetepibre 9545:Ameny Qemau 9479:Sobekneferu 9459:Senusret II 9444:Amenemhat I 9426:Iyibkhentre 9156:Neferirkare 9151:Neferkauhor 8958:Shepseskare 8799:Old Kingdom 8785:Khasekhemwy 8765:Neferkara I 8734:Weneg-Nebty 8579:Scorpion II 8222:(1224–1242) 8216:(1204–1461) 8005:Konstantios 7882:Christopher 7855:Constantine 7845:Michael III 7826:Constantine 7809:Constantine 7791:Theophylact 7720:Philippicus 7670:Constans II 7595:Justinian I 7491:Severus III 7439:Constans II 7193:Claudius II 7169:Silbannacus 7116:Gordian III 7091:Maximinus I 7059:Diadumenian 5857:: 109–114. 5827:(4), 22–43. 5096:References: 4697:Gordian III 3464:L. Commodus 1550:Tetradrachm 1475:Osterburken 1428:Commodianus 1422:was termed 1416:Commodianae 1317:iconography 1138:in Britain 1129:legionaries 847:chamberlain 798:Cassius Dio 781:Roman pound 717:imperatores 261:96–98 130:Rome, Italy 71:Predecessor 11834:192 deaths 11829:161 births 11818:Categories 11658:Diocletian 11612:Quintillus 11565:Aemilianus 11520:Gordian II 11492:Elagabalus 11313:Arsinoe IV 11196:Arsinoe II 11121:Darius III 11048:Psammuthes 10937:Psamtik II 10752:Bakenranef 10690:Pedubast I 10685:Takelot II 10680:Harsiese A 10662:Osorkon IV 10650:Shoshenq V 10630:Osorkon II 10603:Shoshenq I 10573:Smendes II 10553:Pinedjem I 10498:Amenemnisu 10451:Ramesses X 10426:Ramesses V 10378:Amenmesses 10358:Ramesses I 10320:Smenkhkare 10290:Hatshepsut 10280:Thutmose I 10030:Montuemsaf 10020:Dedumose I 9820:Nebdjefare 9810:Merdjefare 9580:Nedjemibre 9575:Sewadjkare 9449:Senusret I 9421:Qakare Ini 9242:Meryhathor 9146:Neferkaure 9141:Qakare Iby 9126:Neferkahor 9111:Neferkamin 8919:Thamphthis 8913:Shepseskaf 8827:Sekhemkhet 8678:Horus Bird 8555:Scorpion I 7999:Andronikos 7987:Nikephoros 7936:Michael IV 7901:Romanos II 7821:Theophilos 7816:Michael II 7797:Staurakios 7781:Staurakios 7753:Nikephoros 7746:Artabasdos 7658:Heraclonas 7615:Theodosius 7573:Basiliscus 7333:Nepotianus 7326:Magnentius 7320:Constans I 7273:Severus II 7253:Diocletian 7198:Quintillus 7163:Aemilianus 7156:Volusianus 7101:Gordian II 7066:Elagabalus 6929:Principate 6272:1612337228 6204:Retrieved 6090:"Commodus" 5286:"Commodus" 5211:References 4772:Small Caps 3956:Cornificia 1804:Elagabalus 1667:barbarians 1577:Quinctilii 1566:asceticism 1282:Quinctilii 1127:, but the 788:'s reign. 657:centurions 616:Marcomanni 608:Germanicus 534:Early life 464:Pax Romana 353:Succession 247:Chronology 92:Co-emperor 11790:Ptolemaic 11598:Gallienus 11513:Gordian I 11476:Caracalla 11402:Vespasian 11396:Vitellius 11178:Ptolemaic 11020:Amyrtaeus 11002:Darius II 10947:Ahmose II 10927:Psamtik I 10866:uncertain 10854:Pharaohs 10790:Tanutamun 10625:Takelot I 10608:Osorkon I 10558:Masaharta 10508:Amenemope 10411:Setnakhte 10373:Merneptah 10315:Akhenaten 10232:uncertain 10114:Nebmaatre 9935:Sakir-Har 9888:Yaqub-Har 9800:Nebefawre 9550:Hotepibre 9416:Segerseni 9385:Intef III 9333:uncertain 9321:Pharaohs 8953:Neferefre 8779:Hudjefa I 8660:Semerkhet 8397:Hedju Hor 8359:uncertain 8347:Pharaohs 8241:Classical 8226:Empresses 8210:(286–296) 8204:(267–273) 8198:(260–274) 7941:Michael V 7867:Alexander 7680:Heraclius 7648:Heraclius 7600:Justin II 7510:Glycerius 7497:Anthemius 7367:Procopius 7305:Martinian 7284:Maxentius 7213:Florianus 7186:Saloninus 7181:Gallienus 7150:Hostilian 7126:Philip II 7096:Gordian I 7044:Caracalla 6979:Vespasian 6974:Vitellius 6441:Commodus 6352:0924-3550 6322:: 19–64. 6142:11 August 5879:162303472 5528:0065-6801 5454:0065-6801 5368:, 71.33.1 4918:"Hadrian" 4871:"Hadrian" 4785:or other) 1752:Gladiator 1680:sesterces 1647:ostriches 1488:Narcissus 1443:Colosseum 1400:Amazonius 1388:Herculeus 1278:Laurentum 1246:a pugione 1140:cashiered 900:does not 843:Nicomedia 757:Imperator 693:Imperator 680:Vespasian 653:adulthood 635:Palestina 597:Carnuntum 511:Narcissus 492:Colosseum 488:gladiator 81:Successor 11929:Lanuvium 11824:Commodus 11750:21 to 23 11668:Galerius 11663:Maximian 11652:Numerian 11619:Aurelian 11571:Valerian 11534:Balbinus 11527:Pupienus 11481:Macrinus 11453:Pertinax 11447:Commodus 11412:Domitian 11375:Claudius 11370:Caligula 11365:Tiberius 11360:Augustus 10980:Darius I 10932:Necho II 10775:Shebitku 10747:Tefnakht 10340:Horemheb 10270:Ahmose I 10082:Pantjeny 10068:Senebkay 10048:Pepi III 10010:Bebiankh 9867:Shenshek 9825:Nebsenre 9657:Sihathor 9627:Khendjer 9590:Renseneb 9535:Nerikare 9380:Intef II 9257:Merykare 9162:Wadjkare 9106:Merenhor 9001:Userkare 8908:Menkaure 8902:Bikheris 8891:Djedefre 8857:Qahedjet 8741:Wadjenes 8727:Horus Sa 8720:Nubnefer 8707:Nynetjer 8671:Sneferka 8411:Ni-Neith 8297:Pharaohs 8236:Usurpers 8231:Augustae 8189:See also 8094:Nicholas 7916:Basil II 7713:Tiberius 7698:Leontius 7686:Tiberius 7663:Tiberius 7641:610–1453 7636:Eastern/ 7590:Justin I 7543:Arcadius 7503:Olybrius 7485:Majorian 7426:Honorius 7405:Eugenius 7340:Vetranio 7290:Licinius 7263:Galerius 7258:Maximian 7243:Dominate 7233:Numerian 7203:Aurelian 7176:Valerian 7121:Philip I 7111:Balbinus 7106:Pupienus 7054:Macrinus 7029:Pertinax 7024:Commodus 6989:Domitian 6954:Claudius 6949:Caligula 6944:Tiberius 6939:Augustus 6513: II 6492:Pertinax 6486:180–192 6310:(1957). 6279:Historia 6110:cite web 5740:cite web 5653:11 March 5428:(1938). 5384:, p. 197 5255:(2012). 5199:See also 5161:(2014). 5111:14 April 4781:Augustae 4261:Commodus 3688:Faustina 3674:Fundania 2957:Antinous 2395:Marciana 1839:Caligula 1800:Caligula 1515:Pertinax 1495:de facto 1404:Invictus 1384:Augustus 1380:Commodus 1376:Aurelius 1337:pantheon 1321:Hercules 1223:Pertinax 1219:Maternus 1208:Brittany 1165:Pertinax 1080:freedman 1077:Phrygian 1073:Cleander 1069:Saoterus 1063:Cleander 1018:Crispina 969:sardonyx 839:Saoterus 805:Herodian 777:denarius 745:denarius 699:Augustus 675:of 176. 649:Danubian 544:Lanuvium 519:Pertinax 504:Cleander 500:Perennis 496:Saoterus 413:Commodus 317:Commodus 111:Lanuvium 85:Pertinax 31:Commodus 11854:Aurelii 11645:Carinus 11626:Tacitus 11584:Quietus 11427:Hadrian 11111:Khabash 10942:Wahibre 10922:Necho I 10916:Nekauba 10904:Ammeris 10847:Dynasty 10785:Taharqa 10780:Shabaka 10717:Rudamun 10696:Iuput I 10541:Herihor 10493:Smendes 10393:Twosret 10383:Seti II 10227:female) 10212:Dynasty 10108:Rahotep 10005:Semenre 9975:Djehuti 9957:Khamudi 9946:Yanassi 9929:Salitis 9881:Yakareb 9874:Khamure 9805:Sehebre 9727:Merkare 9375:Intef I 9314:Dynasty 9223:Imhotep 9183:Iytjenu 9169:Khuiqer 9081:Menkare 9032:Neferka 9016:Pepi II 8938:Userkaf 8832:Sanakht 8655:Anedjib 8635:Hor-Aha 8568:Iry-Hor 8562:Shendjw 8534:Pen-Abu 8418:Hat-Hor 8340:Dynasty 8246:Eastern 8146:Matthew 8040:Alexios 7888:Stephen 7850:Basil I 7735:Leo III 7610:Maurice 7553:Marcian 7536:395–610 7460:Joannes 7419:395–480 7373:Gratian 7246:284–610 7228:Carinus 7208:Tacitus 7084:235–285 7004:Hadrian 6706:ignotus 6336:4238646 6218:Sources 6206:20 July 6196:Decider 6174:20 July 6100:16 June 5908:pp 111. 5837:Hammond 5730:24 June 5695:72.36.4 5679:3 March 5648:Numista 5536:4238640 5462:4238599 5352:, p. xx 5226:Hammond 4777:Augusti 4744:emperor 4304:Lucilla 4280:Fadilla 3477:unknown 3470:Plautia 2940:Hadrian 2429:Plotina 1749:winner 1745:In the 1663:secutor 1392:Romanus 1360:Romulus 1333:Jupiter 1212:legions 1204:Germany 1136:legates 1117:Britain 1015:Empress 1004:Augusta 988:Lucilla 965:Jupiter 921:removed 906:sources 827:Hadrian 809:Senator 721:triumph 661:Antioch 647:on the 560:Emperor 546:, near 542:161 in 490:in the 475:emperor 277:Hadrian 242:96–192) 183:Dynasty 113:, near 11785:Argead 11632:Probus 11552:Decius 11547:Philip 11422:Trajan 11150:Argead 11059:Muthis 11012:XXVIII 10992:Xerxes 10860:female 10838:Period 10547:Piankh 10518:Siamun 10388:Siptah 10363:Seti I 10203:Period 10155:Kamose 10089:Snaaib 10059:Abydos 9915:Semqen 9908:Sharek 9860:Sheneh 9840:'Apepi 9835:Bebnum 9790:Nehesy 9610:Sebkay 9530:Sonbef 9327:female 9305:Period 9116:Nikare 9006:Pepi I 8943:Sahure 8896:Khafre 8881:Snefru 8850:Sedjes 8822:Djoser 8748:Senedj 8626:Narmer 8585:Narmer 8467:Wazner 8432:Hsekiu 8404:Ny-Hor 8353:female 8331:Period 8008:& 7984:& 7891:& 7862:Leo VI 7838:Thekla 7794:& 7761:Leo IV 7683:& 7622:Phocas 7578:Marcus 7563:Leo II 7479:Avitus 7396:Victor 7361:Valens 7351:Jovian 7346:Julian 7218:Probus 7153:& 7133:Decius 7081:Crisis 6999:Trajan 6457: 6389: 6367:online 6350: 6334: 6270: 6001:9 June 5877: 5871:300981 5869: 5632:72.33. 5586: 5559: 5534: 5526: 5485: 5460: 5452: 5269: 5169: 5147: 5128: 4931:passim 4797:Notes: 4762: 4756: 4750: 4740: 3733:Avidia 2931:Sabina 2411:Trajan 2387:Flavia 2209:Marcia 1847:Apollo 1688:laurel 1672:Caieta 1447:bronze 1420:Africa 1410:, and 1372:Aelius 1368:Lucius 1351:, the 1289:Marcia 961:Apollo 957:Helios 823:Trajan 761:Consul 725:consul 673:autumn 665:Athens 567:Caesar 540: 479:consul 330:Family 267:Trajan 204:Mother 194:Father 145:Spouse 135:Burial 42:Bust, 11849:Aelii 11638:Carus 11417:Nerva 11407:Titus 11385:Galba 11352:XXXIV 11337:Roman 11116:Arses 11043:Hakor 10962:XXVII 10672:XXIII 10262:XVIII 10222:(male 9952:Apepi 9940:Khyan 9853:Wazad 9621:Wegaf 9555:Iufni 9409:Nubia 9217:Setut 9039:Nefer 8886:Khufu 8844:Khaba 8838:Nebka 8702:Nebra 8630:Menes 8589:Menes 8541:Stork 8504:Upper 8460:Neheb 8453:Thesh 8439:Khayu 8388:Lower 7804:Leo V 7771:Irene 7558:Leo I 7223:Carus 6994:Nerva 6984:Titus 6964:Galba 6916:Roman 6855:with 6799:with 6742:with 6691:with 6640:with 6584:with 6533:with 6459:Died: 6452:Born: 6332:JSTOR 6087:IMDB 5875:S2CID 5867:JSTOR 5532:JSTOR 5458:JSTOR 5052:72.22 4018:) (1) 2251:Ulpia 2230:Nerva 2185:Titus 1659:arena 1563:Stoic 1532:him. 1530:deify 1408:Felix 1181:blond 1156:Italy 1148:Cynic 1105:Dacia 1029:Capri 639:Egypt 631:Syria 578:Galen 462:(the 257:Nerva 159:Names 119:Italy 61:Reign 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