2236:. Once Cyprus became an independent state in 1960, inter-ethnic fighting broke out in 1963, and by 1964 some 25,000 Turkish Cypriots became internally displaced, accounting to about a fifth of their population. Thus, the oppression which the Turkish Cypriots suffered during the mid-1960s led to many of them emigrating to the United Kingdom. Furthermore, Turkish Cypriots continued to emigrate to the United Kingdom during this time due to the economic gap which was widening in Cyprus. The Greek Cypriots were increasingly taking control of the country's major institutions causing the Turkish Cypriots to become economically disadvantaged. Thus, the political and economic unrest in Cyprus after 1964 sharply increased the number of Turkish Cypriot immigrants to the United Kingdom.
2880:
part of their
Turkish identity. Turkish parents consistently try to hold onto the cultural values in order to 'protect' these traditional values onto the younger generation. Young Turks from a very young age are encouraged to attend Turkish school to learn about the Turkish culture including folk dances, food, history and the language. The first generation generally maintains their culture rather than adopting the British social and cultural values. However, the younger generations have a desire to preserve parental values at home and to adopt some elements of the host culture outside the home.
2724:. A total of 39,132 Turkish-born people were recorded in London. The 2001 census also shows that the Cyprus-born population (which includes both Turkish and Greek Cypriots) live in similar areas to the Turkish-born population. The majority live in England, with only 1,001 in Wales, and 1,533 in Scotland. A total of 45,887 were recorded in London. However, official data regarding the British Turkish community excludes British-born and dual heritage children of Turkish origin; thus, it is unlikely that any of the official figures available provide a true indication of the community.
3080:
2947:
58:
3360:
2320:
1946:
3071:
88:
370:
3346:
2429:
101:
75:
2217:, the number of Turkish run cafes increased from 20 in 1939 to 200 in 1945 which created a demand for more Turkish Cypriot workers. Thus, throughout the 1950s, Turkish Cypriots began to emigrate to the United Kingdom for economic reasons and by 1958 the number of Turkish Cypriots was estimated to be 8,500. Their numbers increased each year as rumours about immigration restrictions appeared in much of the Cypriot media.
2932:
1938:
2037:
2189:
36:
2291:(TRNC), which has since remained internationally unrecognised except by Turkey. The division of the island led to an economic embargo against the Turkish Cypriots by the Greek Cypriot controlled Government of Cyprus. This had the effect of depriving the Turkish Cypriots of foreign investment, aid and export markets; thus, it caused the
2641:. These populations, which have different nationalities (i.e. Algerian, Bulgarian, German, Greek, Macedonian or Romanian citizenship), share the same ethnic, linguistic, cultural and religious origins as the Turks and Turkish Cypriots and are thus part of the Turkish-speaking community of the United Kingdom.
2298:
Many
Turkish Cypriots emigrated to the United Kingdom with their extended families and/or brought their parents over shortly after their arrival to prevent the breakup of the family unit. These parents played a valuable role in giving support at home by looking after their grandchildren, whilst their
2339:
arrived during the 1970s and were then followed by their families during the late 1970s and 1980s. Many of these workers were recruited by
Turkish Cypriots who had already established businesses such as restaurants. These workers were required to renew their work permits every year until they became
2243:
was a skill which the community had already acquired in Cyprus. Turkish
Cypriots were concentrated mainly in the north-east of London and specialised in the heavy-wear sector, such as coats and tailored garments. This sector offered work opportunities where poor knowledge of the English language was
2204:
to the United
Kingdom began in the early 1920s when the British annexed Cyprus in 1914 and the residents of Cyprus became subjects of the Crown. Many Turkish Cypriots went to the United Kingdom as students and tourists whilst others left the island due to the harsh economic and political life on the
3166:, before moving to the United Kingdom. Organisations such as the "Turkish Cypriot Association" were originally set up to preserve the communities culture and provide meeting places. However, during the 1960s, when political violence increased in Cyprus, these organisations centred more on politics.
2976:
identity. There is mostly a lack of knowledge about the basic principles of Islam within the younger generations. The young generation of the community tends to have little knowledge about their religion and generally do not fulfill all religious duties. However, the majority of young Turks still
2879:
Traditional family values are considered to be very important for the
Turkish community. Marriage in particular is seen as an important part of their social sphere, and considerable social pressure is put onto single Turks to get married. Thus, getting married and having a family is a significant
2302:
Finally, there is a small third group of settlers who came to the UK for educational purposes, and who then settled, in some cases being ‘overstayers’ and took up professional posts. Many of these people, as well as the second and third generation educated descendants of earlier settlers, are the
3046:
Activities are held in many
Turkish mosques in order to retain an Islamic identity and to pass these traditional values onto the younger generation. These mosques have introduced new policies and strategies within their establishments as they have recognised that traditional methods are not very
2344:
areas of Turkey. However, in the 1980s, intellectuals, including students, and highly educated professionals arrived in the United
Kingdom, most of which received support from the Turkish Cypriot community. Mainland Turks settled in similar areas of London in which the Turkish Cypriots lived in;
3173:
government, and those who oppose it. Both groups back up their lobbying by supporting
British (and European) politicians. The general impression is that the majority of British Turkish Cypriots are mainly conservative supporters of a Turkish Cypriot state and lobby for its recognition. British
2657:
make up 12% of short term migration, 13% of long term migration, and 12% of the labour migration. However, the number of
Bulgarian Turks in the United Kingdom may be much higher; Bulgarian citizens of Turkish origin make up entire majorities in some countries. For example, in the
3115:
established the first ever Ottoman Embassy in London with its first ambassador being Yusuf Ağa Efendi. This marked the establishment of mutual diplomatic relations between the British and the Ottoman Turks. By 1834, a permanent embassy was established by Sultan
3047:
productive within the British context. For example, one mosque has opened an independent primary school whilst another has been granted permission to register weddings in its mosque. Other mosques have even allowed the formation of small market places.
3177:
There are also campaigns which are directed at the wider British population and politicians. Yearly demonstrations occur to commemorate historical important days; for example, each year on 20 July, a pro-TRNC organisation arranges a demonstration from
2063:
had opened in London; within a decade, more than 80 establishments flourished in the city. In 1659, Yusuf, an Ottoman administrator from Negropont, was baptized in England and took the name Richard Christophilus. With the influx of
2564:
and the Turkish consulate in London both claim that there are approximately 150,000 Turkish nationals living in the United Kingdom. Academic sources suggest that the Turkey-born population is made up of 60,000 to 100,000 ethnic
5833:
2727:
Turks from the same villages and districts from their homeland tend to congregate in the same quarters in the UK. Many of the Turkish-speaking communities have successfully settled in different parts of the capital, notably in
2114:
of 1799. In the years 1820–22, the Ottoman Empire exported goods worth £650,000 to the United Kingdom. By 1836–38, that figure had reached £1,729,000 with many Ottoman merchants entering the country. In 1839, the Ottoman
2299:
children were working. The majority of these people are now of pensionable age, with little English language skills, given their lack of formal education and their insulation within the Turkish Cypriot community.
2020:
in England and assumed the name John Baptista. Between the years 1624-1628 Salleman Alexander, ‘Richard a poore Turk’ and another unnamed Turk were also baptized in London. Thus, by 1627, there were close to 40
5111:
3174:
Turkish Cypriots cannot vote in Cypriot elections; therefore, Turkish Cypriot organisations have tended to take an active role in political affairs by providing economic support for political parties.
2295:
to remain stagnant and undeveloped. Due to these economic and political issues, an estimated 130,000 Turkish Cypriots have emigrated from Northern Cyprus since its establishment to the United Kingdom.
2896:
is also widely spoken amongst its community. The first generation and recent migrants often speak fluent Turkish and women within the community are particularly constrained by language limitations.
2099:
his two Turkish protégés, Mustafa and Mehmet. Mehmet's mother and Mustafa's son would also reside in England. Due to their prominence in the court, Mustafa and Mehmet were depicted in the murals of
7763:
5794:
Ivanov, Zhivko (2007), "Economic Satisfaction and Nostalgic Laments: The Language of Bulgarian Economic Migrants After 1989 in Websites and Electronic Fora", in Gupta, Suman; Omoniyi, Tope (eds.),
4641:
4499:
4615:
2544:
suggests that the British-Turkish Cypriot community now numbers 350,000 whilst some Turkish Cypriot sources suggest that they have a total population of 400,000 living in the United Kingdom.
2119:
reform movement began. This period saw rapid changes in Ottoman administration including numerous high-ranking officials receiving their higher education and postings in the Western nations.
1977:
on Spanish ships by English pirates. It is believed that the release of Turkish slaves from Spanish ships were for political reasons. At the time, England was vulnerable to attacks from the
2220:
As the island of Cyprus' independence was approaching, Turkish Cypriots felt vulnerable as they had cause for concern about the political future of the island. This was first evident when
5864:
6078:
Savvides, Philippos K (2004), "Partition Revisited: The International Dimension and the Case of Cyprus", in Danopoulos, Constantine Panos; Vajpeyi, Dhirendra K.; Bar-Or, Amir (eds.),
4584:
3453:
4212:
5813:
Kliot, Nurit (2007), "Resettlement of Refugees in Finland and Cyprus: A Comparative Analysis and Possible Lessons for Israel", in Kacowicz, Arie Marcelo; Lutomski, Pawel (eds.),
7928:
7853:
6556:
2532:
or British-born Turkish Cypriots. In May 2001, the TRNC Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that about 200,000 Turkish Cypriots were living in the United Kingdom. In 2011, the
2016:
in October 1586. Once baptised, he was given the Christian name of William. Two decades later, an allowance of 6 pence per diem was paid to a Turkish captive who embraced
5034:
5007:
4313:
4141:
3000:. Thus, there are many Turks, especially the younger generations, who do not abstain from eating non-halal food or drinking alcohol, whilst still identifying as Muslim.
4381:
2536:
stated that there are now 300,000 Turkish Cypriots living in the United Kingdom. The "Kıbrıs Gazetesi", in 2008, claimed that 280,000 Turkish Cypriots were living in
1989:
as a means of resisting the Spanish military. The Turkish slaves who had not yet returned to the Ottoman Empire requested assistance from London merchants trading in
4262:
5917:
Markova, Eugenia (2010), "Optimising migration effects: A perspective from Bulgaria", in Black, Richard; Engbersen, Godfried; Okolski, Marek; et al. (eds.),
4833:
5667:
Geaves, Ron (2001), "The Haqqani Naqshbandi: A Study of Apocalyptic Millennnialism within Islam", in Porter, Stanley E.; Hayes, Michael A.; Tombs, David (eds.),
3602:
3203:
4469:
3264:
6865:
4792:
4757:
4533:
2968:, whilst the remaining people generally do not have any religious affiliation. Nonetheless, even those who define themselves as not being religious feel that
4238:
5229:
6166:
2780:. Turkish-speaking communities are located in all parts of the Borough, though there is a greater concentration in North and Central parts of the Borough.
2055:
By the early 1650s, an English merchant who had been trading in the Ottoman Empire returned to London with a Turkish servant who introduced the making of
7050:
4649:
4507:
3971:
2029:
alone, most of which were Turks. One of the most famous Muslim converts to Christianity was Iusuf (Yusuf), ‘the Turkish Chaous’ (çavuş), who was born in
1969:
mercenary troops as the Tudor monarch was known to make heavy use of foreign troops. By the late sixteenth century hundreds of Turks were to be found in
4619:
3154:
in British politics. Organisations were first set up during the 1950s and 1960s mainly by Turkish Cypriot students who had met and studied in cities in
1884:
As of 2011, there was a total of about 500,000 people of Turkish origin in the UK, made up of approximately 150,000 Turkish nationals and about 300,000
3259:
5894:
Lytra, Vally; Baraç, Taşkın (2009), "Multilingual practices and identity negotiations among Turkish-speaking young people in a diasporic context", in
7691:
3274:
1810:
5363:
4169:
2123:(1800–1858) served as the Ottoman ambassador to Paris and London in the 1830s. One of his disciples and future grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire,
5577:
5539:
5501:
4291:
3296:
3286:
2804:
2574:
2517:
4949:
2224:
held a referendum in 1950 in which 95.7% of eligible Greek Cypriot voters cast their ballots in supporting a fight aimed at uniting Cyprus with
3247:
6305:
2977:
believe in Islam and the basic principles of the religion as it has more of a symbolic attachment to them due to traditional Turkish values.
5706:
4592:
3269:
1724:
6139:
7943:
5622:
4408:
4216:
2698:, living outside London or who are British-born is unknown. On 15 January 1990 the Association of Western Thrace Turks UK was established.
2154:) in June 1867 where they were able to freely express their views by criticising the Ottoman regime in newspapers. Their successors, the
1385:
1993:
during the times of war between England and Spain, or England and France. Those who decided not to return to their country converted to
7923:
3308:
2472:
There is an estimated 500,000 people of Turkish origin living in the United Kingdom. The Turkish community is made up of about 300,000
1370:
3431:
7718:
4385:
2617:
There is a growing number of Turks from countries other than Cyprus and Turkey who have emigrated to the United Kingdom, mainly from
4062:
3169:
Turkish Cypriot organisations which engage in the Cyprus issue can be divided into two main groups: there are those who support the
2012:
aboard a Spanish ship and brought to England. The Turk was known as Chinano, assumed to come from the name Sinan, and converted to
1134:
6267:
2653:
estimated that 35,000 Bulgarian-born people were resident in the UK. According to the National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria,
2033:. Baptised on 30 January 1658, his conversion is deemed significant because Iusuf served as an ambassador for the Ottoman Sultan.
7043:
6746:
6625:
5974:Østergaard-Nielsen, Eva (2003), "The democratic deficit of diaspora politics: Turkish Cypriots in Britain and the Cyprus issue",
1654:
1567:
1213:
2340:
residents after living in the country for five years. The majority who entered the United Kingdom in the 1970s were mainly from
1858:. However, the term may also refer to British-born persons who have Turkish parents or who have a Turkish ancestral background.
7815:
7758:
6998:
6582:
4446:
1528:
1456:
1380:
5038:
5011:
4354:
3632:
7938:
6696:
6280:
6248:
6229:
6108:
6087:
6049:
6030:
6011:
5945:
5926:
5907:
5822:
5803:
5784:
5765:
5747:
5695:
5657:
5590:
5552:
5514:
5490:
5435:
5352:
5309:
5290:
4529:
4317:
3383:
3060:
3056:
2268:
2205:
island leading to lack of job opportunities. Turkish Cypriot emigration to the United Kingdom continued to increase when the
1803:
7933:
7913:
7696:
6965:
6590:
6387:
6372:
6040:
Panayiotopoulos, Prodromos; Dreef, Marja (2002), "London: Economic Differentiation and Policy Making", in Rath, Jan (ed.),
3207:
1779:
1537:
1404:
1339:
1189:
3466:'2022' > 'All of Scotland' > 'Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion' > 'Country of birth: UV204'
1961:
The first Turks settled in the United Kingdom during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Between the years 1509-1547
325:
Official data regarding the British Turkish community excludes British-born and dual heritage children of Turkish origin.
7918:
7708:
7102:
6955:
6843:
6541:
5957:
From Strangers to Citizens: The Integration of Immigrant Communities in Britain, Ireland, and colonial America, 1550-1750
5281:
Abu-Haidar, Farida (1996), "Turkish as a Marker of Ethnic Identity and Religious Affiliation", in Suleiman, Yasir (ed.),
3093:
2596:
2525:
2288:
1324:
1252:
6204:
5320:
4829:
3594:
7773:
7036:
6980:
6808:
6656:
6610:
6462:
6432:
5884:
3186:. 15 November is another date in which public places are used to voice political issues regarding the Cyprus dispute.
2418:
2131:(1815–1869), also received appointment at the Ottoman London embassy before rising in public office in his own nation.
1888:. Furthermore, in recent years, there has been a growing number of ethnic Turks immigrating to the United Kingdom from
1588:
1557:
1480:
5112:"The Turkish Diyanet in the UK: How national conditions affect the influence of a transnational religious institution"
4272:
3150:
has become an important political issue in the United Kingdom. Turkish Cypriots carry out numerous activities such as
2556:, the estimated number of British residents born in Turkey was 72,000 in 2009, compared to the 54,079 recorded by the
2397:
now residing in the United Kingdom. Furthermore, there is also an increasing number of Turkish families arriving from
2239:
Many of these early migrants worked in the clothing industry in London, where both men and women could work together-
7533:
6917:
6858:
6813:
6600:
6412:
6179:
6068:
5964:
5676:
5333:
4477:
1774:
1748:
1689:
1547:
1442:
1262:
1257:
1227:
888:
833:
5877:
Ermeni sorunu, diaspora ve Türk dış politikası: Ermeni iddiaları Türkiye'nin dünya ile ilişkilerini nasıl etkiliyor?
4784:
4749:
3975:
7885:
6970:
6897:
6823:
6782:
6605:
6452:
6241:
Muslim Laws, Politics and Society in Modern Nation States: Dynamic Legal Pluralisms in England, Turkey and Pakistan
3040:
2528:
have immigrated to the United Kingdom; however, this does not include Turkish Cypriots who have emigrated from the
1796:
1743:
1738:
1552:
1471:
1390:
1344:
1287:
1242:
1232:
452:
5834:"The making of Turkish-Muslim diaspora in Britain: religious collective identity in a multicultural public sphere"
1877:
for economic reasons. Recently, smaller groups of Turks have begun to immigrate to the United Kingdom from other
7723:
7122:
6975:
6922:
6892:
6848:
6803:
6767:
6646:
6595:
6185:
5233:
2071:
and diplomats into England due to improved Anglo-Ottoman relations, a race for Muslim converts began between the
1753:
1733:
1710:
1705:
1664:
1649:
1644:
1583:
1542:
1365:
1349:
1272:
1222:
1079:
437:
6960:
6912:
6853:
6818:
6686:
6671:
6666:
6496:
6437:
6168:
Do concepts of ethnic economies explain existing minority enterprises? The Turkish speaking economies in London
4645:
4503:
4248:
2926:
2650:
2553:
1758:
1715:
1684:
1623:
1593:
1509:
1461:
1428:
1334:
1277:
1247:
1106:
7768:
2996:
and identity. Nonetheless, young Turkish Muslims are brought up in a more liberal home environment than other
2586:
7783:
7010:
6777:
6713:
6676:
6506:
6447:
6395:
5445:
Canefe, Nergis (2002), "Markers of Turkish Cypriot History in the Diaspora: Power, visibility and identity",
2589:
claims that 300,000 people of Turkish origin (not including Turkish Cypriots) are living in the UK. By 2005,
1784:
1618:
1608:
1489:
1466:
1413:
1101:
1074:
933:
5955:
Matar, Nabil (2001), "The First Turks and Moors in England", in Vigne, Randolph; Littleton, Charles (eds.),
5364:"Transnational Virtues and Cool Loyalties: Responses of Turkish-Speaking Migrants in London to 11 September"
2595:
newspaper reported that one gang alone had illegally smuggled up to 100,000 Turks into the UK. In 2011, the
7778:
7596:
6907:
6870:
6772:
6620:
6441:
4720:
3476:
3320:
1433:
1423:
1418:
1329:
1303:
1237:
1127:
2255:
of more Turkish Cypriots. The overwhelming majority migrated to the United Kingdom, whilst others went to
7820:
7472:
7380:
6937:
6927:
6787:
6739:
6706:
6691:
6615:
6425:
6119:
4946:
3020:
2997:
2950:
2707:
1913:
1679:
1603:
1562:
1282:
1267:
943:
714:
5734:
5394:
4177:
3011:, was established by the Turkish Cypriot community in 1977. There are numerous other Turkish Mosques in
7832:
7810:
6489:
5116:
4287:
2733:
2292:
2284:
1090:
179:
66:
5596:
5558:
5520:
2228:. Thus, the 1950s saw the arrival of many Turkish Cypriots to the United Kingdom who were fleeing the
7805:
7728:
6222:
EU accession dynamics and conflict resolution: catalysing peace or consolidating partition in Cyprus?
5405:
Atay, Tayfun (2010), "'Ethnicity within Ethnicity' among the Turkish-Speaking Immigrants in London",
2985:
2737:
2729:
2675:
2493:
2398:
2390:
2346:
2088:
1917:
1639:
973:
858:
176:
168:
5503:
The Turkish and Turkish Cypriot Muslim Community in England: Understanding Muslim Ethnic Communities
7790:
7432:
7162:
7098:
6365:
6320:
5736:
Implications for the Justice and Home Affairs area of the accession of Turkey to the European Union
2501:
2406:
2248:
2183:
1659:
1018:
674:
467:
160:
5715:
2124:
7868:
7733:
7713:
7703:
7505:
7150:
7145:
6154:
3704:
3016:
3008:
2935:
2386:
1674:
1155:
1120:
353:
5895:
5637:
4415:
3043:. As of 2018 there were 17 mosques under the control of the Directorate of Religious affairs.
1064:
7837:
7554:
7427:
7245:
7003:
6732:
3498:
3291:
2533:
1174:
1096:
908:
853:
669:
386:
4642:"Estimated population resident in the United Kingdom, by foreign country of birth (Table 1.3)"
4500:"Estimated population resident in the United Kingdom, by foreign country of birth (Table 1.3)"
4384:. Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Defence. Archived from
3007:
has always been considered a priority within the Turkish community. The first Turkish mosque,
2120:
1375:
978:
7743:
7663:
7353:
7330:
5919:
A Continent Moving West?: EU Enlargement and Labour Migration from Central and Eastern Europe
3373:
3365:
3332:
2634:
2163:
1966:
1028:
828:
766:
592:
203:
5073:
7880:
7827:
7800:
7462:
7113:
6724:
6474:
5608:Çilingir, Sevgi (2010), "Identity and Integration among Turkish Sunni Muslims in Britain",
2793:
2683:
2489:
2111:
1494:
1204:
1069:
792:
704:
6080:
Civil-military relations, nation building, and national identity: comparative perspectives
5777:
Talking Turkey: the language, culture and identity of Turkish speaking children in Britain
4058:
3079:
3015:, mainly in Hackney, that are predominantly used by the Turkish community, especially the
1395:
8:
7673:
7653:
7648:
7643:
7575:
7549:
7195:
7167:
6513:
6358:
3036:
2852:
2797:
2210:
2009:
1519:
771:
761:
756:
493:
462:
6350:
5418:
Bridgwood, Ann (1995), "Dancing the Jar: Girls' Dress and Turkish Cypriot Weddings", in
2603:, claimed that there were almost 400,000 Turkish citizens living in the United Kingdom.
7858:
7580:
7570:
7262:
7062:
6501:
6286:
5991:
5856:
5470:
5424:
5386:
5074:"Spreading whose word? Militarism and nationalism in the transnational Turkish mosques"
2612:
2529:
2378:
2362:
2332:
2303:
initiators of the voluntary groups and organisations, which give support and advice to
1514:
1057:
953:
868:
863:
787:
399:
332:
260:
2712:
The vast majority of Turkish-born people recorded in the 2001 British census lived in
2600:
7606:
7500:
7490:
7447:
7203:
6651:
6546:
6479:
6276:
6244:
6225:
6175:
6104:
6083:
6064:
6045:
6026:
6007:
5995:
5960:
5941:
5922:
5903:
5880:
5860:
5818:
5799:
5780:
5761:
5743:
5691:
5672:
5653:
5586:
5548:
5510:
5486:
5474:
5462:
5431:
5390:
5348:
5329:
5305:
5286:
3398:
2374:
2139:
2100:
1499:
1023:
988:
958:
901:
878:
846:
818:
740:
499:
6319:, ESRC Centre on Migration, Policy and Society, University of Oxford, archived from
4438:
2984:
by the community with the growth of Islamic organisations. The desire to retain an
2272:
2247:
By the late 1960s, approximately 60,000 Turkish Cypriots were forcefully moved into
7890:
7795:
7668:
7417:
7412:
7400:
7390:
7385:
7375:
7370:
7314:
7292:
7272:
7257:
7208:
7172:
7132:
7094:
7015:
6902:
6661:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6400:
6306:"Differentiating irregularity and solidarity: Turkish Immigrants at work in London"
5983:
5848:
5454:
5378:
5085:
4358:
3636:
3388:
3179:
2914:
2910:
2889:
2513:
2497:
2481:
2473:
2402:
2382:
2370:
2304:
2214:
2206:
2179:
1885:
1866:
1841:
1827:
1669:
1319:
1044:
1040:
1008:
1001:
948:
923:
730:
709:
659:
654:
644:
639:
634:
629:
609:
587:
571:
556:
535:
503:
472:
447:
421:
328:
283:
111:
4537:
2871:– have the largest Cyprus-born (regardless of ethnicity) clusters outside London.
7863:
7753:
7748:
7658:
7523:
7495:
7457:
7442:
7437:
7405:
7395:
7362:
7252:
7240:
7177:
7157:
7127:
6563:
6484:
6420:
5579:
The Algerian Muslim Community in England: Understanding Muslim Ethnic Communities
5483:
Bodies of Evidence: Burial, Memory, and the Recovery of Missing Persons in Cyprus
4953:
3393:
3378:
3199:
3183:
3125:
3121:
3089:
2939:
2893:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2695:
2679:
2654:
2591:
2477:
2394:
2213:
to Cyprus, with unemployment and low wages being a significant issue. During the
2167:
2092:
1921:
1870:
1862:
1504:
1451:
1086:
1033:
1013:
983:
963:
928:
813:
735:
699:
689:
684:
679:
649:
619:
530:
525:
477:
457:
442:
336:
287:
278:
6098:
5987:
5852:
3633:"İngiltere Atatürkçü Düşünce Derneği'nin tarihçesi, kuruluş nedenleri, amaçları"
3124:, London. There is also a Turkish Cypriot Embassy which represents nationals of
2946:
7627:
7622:
7601:
7528:
7452:
7422:
7335:
7309:
7304:
7267:
7086:
7072:
7059:
6681:
6568:
6217:
5623:"İngiltere'deki Türk Camileri ve Entegrasyon Sürecine Sosyo-Kültürel Katkıları"
3222:
3147:
3141:
3129:
3097:
3032:
2973:
2773:
2765:
2671:
2566:
2557:
2485:
2336:
2324:
2221:
2159:
2135:
2056:
2044:
2030:
1986:
1978:
1962:
1901:
1855:
1851:
1598:
1169:
918:
883:
873:
823:
808:
694:
664:
597:
566:
561:
520:
379:
361:
340:
251:
211:
57:
41:
5541:
The Iraqi Muslim Community in England: Understanding Muslim Ethnic Communities
5458:
5382:
5255:
4903:
4901:
2992:
among the communities. Clinging to traditions is seen as a way of maintaining
2004:
who arrived in England was in the mid-1580s, is believed to be a Turk born in
7907:
7228:
6641:
5466:
5419:
4263:"Implications for Justice and Home Affairs area of accession of Turkey to EU"
3533:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3408:
3351:
3195:
2892:
is the main language spoken among the community in the United Kingdom, but a
2848:
2840:
2828:
2812:
2541:
2260:
2048:
2040:
1941:
Ottoman Turkish graves buried in a segregated part of Clayhall Road cemetery.
1199:
938:
199:
7028:
3454:"Table UV204 - Country of birth: Country by Country of Birth by Individuals"
2432:
A map of Turkish people in London. Over 70% of British Turks live in London.
7738:
7140:
6042:
Unravelling the rag trade: immigrant entrepreneurship in seven world cities
5708:
Migrant Trends VOLUME I – Bulgaria: The social impact of seasonal migration
4898:
3403:
3035:. During the Turkish invasion into Syria in 2019, adherents prayed for the
2577:
suggests that the Kurdish community in the UK is about 50,000, among which
2319:
2080:
2060:
2017:
1994:
1990:
1974:
1950:
540:
4288:"Network Radio BBC Week 39: Wednesday 28 September 2011: Turkish Delight?"
3522:
7873:
7683:
7297:
3211:
2659:
2578:
2561:
2155:
2072:
2013:
1982:
1945:
1896:. Many other Turks have immigrated to Britain from parts of the southern
1184:
913:
304:
172:
140:
4357:. Consulate General for the Republic of Turkey in London. Archived from
4142:"An Electronic Toolkit for Teachers: Turkish and Turkish Cypriot Pupils"
2843:
outside London were home to more than 100 Turkish-born residents: south
7233:
6551:
6153:(Sept.-Nov. 00), Center for Strategic Research: 146–153, archived from
5815:
Population resettlement in international conflicts: a comparative study
3556:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3226:
3024:
2909:, has been forming amongst the second and third generations, where the
2860:
2856:
2836:
2820:
2808:
2769:
2761:
2279:, to unite the island with Greece. This led to a military offensive by
2252:
2128:
317:
309:
246:
232:
222:
215:
187:
6345:
4616:"Turkey's Foreign Minister Says Turkey and Britain have Bright Future"
2792:
have the greatest concentration of population and in particular along
4721:"İngiltere Batı Trakya Türkleri Dayanışma Derneği 20. yılını kutladı"
4204:
3218:
3146:
Due to the large Turkish Cypriot diaspora in the United Kingdom, the
3117:
3112:
3070:
3028:
2868:
2864:
2832:
2824:
2757:
2749:
2670:
The total number of Turkish-speaking Muslims who have emigrated from
2521:
2369:, have emigrated to the United Kingdom. There is a growing number of
2264:
2143:
2076:
2068:
2005:
1900:
where they form an ethnic and religious minority dating to the early
1194:
242:
237:
207:
183:
3595:"UK immigration analysis needed on Turkish legal migration, say MPs"
3543:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3479:. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. 22 September 2022
3023:. Notable Turkish mosques outside London include Selimiye Mosque in
2251:
in Cyprus. Evidently, this period in Cypriot history resulted in an
5705:
Guentcheva, Rossitza; Kabakchieva, Petya; Kolarski, Plamen (2003),
5089:
3215:
3159:
3151:
2981:
2905:
2844:
2741:
2721:
2622:
2116:
1905:
968:
369:
195:
93:
5211:
5209:
5172:
5170:
4718:
3221:, the first woman of Turkish Cypriot origin to be a member of the
2428:
2188:
2158:, also took refuge in London in order to escape the absolutism of
7764:
Turkish diplomats assassinated by Armenian militant organisations
7090:
5575:
5537:
5499:
4907:
4570:
4267:
4247:. House of Lords. 13 January 2011. col. 1540. Archived from
4243:
4210:
4124:
3537:
3505:
3230:
3004:
2993:
2954:
2931:
2789:
2753:
2745:
2713:
2638:
2626:
2618:
2581:
make up the largest group, exceeding the numbers from Turkey and
2103:. In 1716 King George I ennobled Mehmet, who adopted the surname
2096:
2047:
journalist and politician who fled to the UK. His great-grandson
2022:
1970:
1937:
1909:
1897:
1893:
1889:
313:
191:
164:
80:
6269:
Young Turks and Kurds: A set of 'invisible' disadvantaged groups
4724:
4379:
7854:
Turkish communities and minorities in the former Ottoman Empire
5206:
5167:
4213:"Short history of the Federation of Turkish Associations in UK"
3630:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3163:
3155:
3012:
2965:
2691:
2687:
2630:
2537:
2366:
2308:
2280:
2276:
2256:
2240:
2233:
2225:
2201:
2193:
2147:
2127:(1815–1871), also served as ambassador to London in the 1840s.
2084:
2065:
2026:
2001:
1954:
1878:
1874:
416:
154:
5796:
The Cultures of Economic Migration: International Perspectives
3229:, a diplomat who retired in 2009 as the British Ambassador to
3210:
and whose great-grandfather was Turkish (although he was half
2980:
In recent years there has also been a strong movement towards
2287:. By 1983, the Turkish Cypriots declared their own state, the
2036:
5704:
4694:
2989:
2969:
2962:
2816:
2717:
2570:
2350:
2345:
however, many have also moved to the outer districts such as
2341:
2151:
1179:
227:
106:
6754:
6212:, University of Sussex: Sussex Centre for Migration Research
3566:
2492:. There is also an increasing number of Turks arriving from
35:
3170:
2582:
2244:
not a problem and where self-employment was a possibility.
2229:
255:
6275:, York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation/University of Bristol,
5714:, International Organization for Migration, archived from
3771:
3769:
3658:
3656:
3654:
2807:, outside London there are smaller Turkish communities in
6380:
5283:
Language and identity in the Middle East and North Africa
5035:"UK Turkish Islamic Cultural Centre / Suleymaniye Mosque"
3499:"Data Viewer - Nomis - Official Labour Market Statistics"
2662:
Bulgarian Turks make up about 80% of Bulgarian citizens.
6023:
The making of modern Cyprus: from obscurity to statehood
4977:
4975:
4973:
4930:
4928:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4882:
4880:
4855:
4853:
4851:
3411:
football club, established in 1868 and named after Turks
2516:
have immigrated to the United Kingdom. According to the
2275:
in 1974 against the Cypriot President, with the help of
2162:. Even more political refugees were to arrive after the
6266:
Enneli, Pinar; Modood, Tariq; Bradley, Harriet (2005),
4913:
3766:
3651:
7929:
Immigration to the United Kingdom by country of origin
5732:
4812:
4810:
4534:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
3878:
3876:
3874:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3673:
3671:
3560:
3516:
3194:
British political figures of Turkish descent include:
63:
Turkish-born residents in the United Kingdom: 132,651
5032:
5005:
4970:
4925:
4877:
4865:
4848:
4779:
4777:
4775:
4585:"Gang held over smuggling 100,000 Turks into Britain"
4135:
4133:
4026:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3120:. Today the current Turkish Embassy is located at 43
6039:
6004:
The Ottoman Empire and European Capitalism 1820-1913
5758:
Yesterday & Today: Turkish Cypriots of Australia
4332:
3957:
3929:
3927:
3341:
1861:
Turks first began to emigrate in large numbers from
6265:
4987:
4807:
4349:
4347:
3969:
3871:
3852:
3840:
3828:
3805:
3668:
2859:. As for the Cypriot-born residents, two areas of
2476:, 150,000 Turkish nationals, and smaller groups of
5973:
5423:
5227:
5215:
5200:
5188:
5176:
5161:
4772:
4130:
4096:
4094:
4092:
3747:
3730:
2682:is unknown; however, it is estimated that 600-700
2134:In 1865 Ottoman intellectuals had established the
7692:Persecution of Muslims during Ottoman contraction
5650:Anglo-Ottoman encounters in the Age of Revolution
5426:Dress and Ethnicity: Change Across Space and Time
5345:The infidel within: Muslims in Britain since 1800
5008:"UK Turkish Islamic Association - Aziziye Mosque"
4470:"Dıştaki gençlerin askerlik sorunu çözülmedikçe…"
4271:. House of Commons. 29 April 2011. Archived from
3924:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3686:
2690:. The number of Western Thrace Turks, as well as
2356:
327:This includes 150,000 Turkish nationals, 300,000
7905:
5647:
4344:
4139:
3787:
3241:
2776:population live in Hackney, and they are mainly
4947:THE TURKISH CYPRIOT COMMUNITY LIVING IN HACKNEY
4089:
3426:
3424:
2961:The vast majority of the Turkish community are
2917:is used interchangeably in the same sentences.
2805:Department for Communities and Local Government
2575:Department for Communities and Local Government
2518:Department for Communities and Local Government
6096:
4744:
4742:
4613:
4492:
3683:
3446:
3039:in a mosque under the guidance of the Turkish
2547:
2307:speaking people living in England – mainly in
2110:Ottoman Turkish migration continued after the
7058:
7044:
6740:
6366:
6120:"West Thrace Turkish's Immigration to Europe"
4380:TRNC Ministry of Foreign Affairs (May 2001).
3588:
3586:
2507:
2314:
1804:
1128:
6303:
6127:The Journal of International Social Research
5230:"Baroness Meral Hussein-Ece's maiden speech"
4409:"Bir plastik sandalyeyi bile çok gördüler!."
3421:
2839:). At the time of the 2001 census, only two
2606:
2173:
1985:wanted to cultivate good relations with the
1869:were forced to leave their homes during the
5685:
4739:
4695:Guentcheva, Kabakchieva & Kolarski 2003
4163:
4161:
3775:
3662:
7051:
7037:
6747:
6733:
6373:
6359:
6097:Sirkeci, Ibrahim; Bilecen, Tuncay (2016),
5893:
5648:Cunningham, Allan; Ingram, Edward (1993),
5620:
5576:Communities and Local Government (2009c),
5538:Communities and Local Government (2009b),
5500:Communities and Local Government (2009a),
5302:Ottoman Wars 1700-1870: An Empire Besieged
5280:
5059:
4919:
4430:
3702:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3583:
3577:
1811:
1797:
1135:
1121:
7724:1956–1989 Assimilation of Bulgarian Turks
7719:Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria (1950-1951)
5417:
3945:
2146:. Many of these intellectuals escaped to
7709:1944 Deportation of the Meskhetian Turks
6755:European diasporas in the United Kingdom
6206:Immigration to the UK: The case of Turks
6077:
6058:
5900:Youngspeak in a Multilingual Perspective
5831:
5607:
5149:
4981:
4934:
4892:
4871:
4859:
4719:Association of Western Thrace Turks UK.
4582:
4373:
4198:
4158:
4032:
3477:"MS-A18: Country of birth - full detail"
2945:
2930:
2427:
2318:
2187:
2035:
1944:
1936:
6202:
6164:
6117:
6020:
5976:Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
5916:
5874:
5755:
5630:Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi
5371:Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
5328:, Minority Rights Group International,
4706:
4682:
4558:
4338:
4211:Federation of Turkish Associations UK.
4167:
4112:
4020:
3996:
3906:
3846:
3617:
3469:
2665:
2363:traditional areas of Turkish settlement
405:Traditional Areas of Turkish Settlement
7906:
7816:National Socialist Underground murders
7759:Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre
6238:
6137:
6103:, London: Transnational Press London,
5793:
5666:
5621:Çoştu, Yakup; Turan, Süleyman (2009),
5480:
5444:
5342:
5318:
4993:
4964:
4908:Communities and Local Government 2009a
4816:
4795:from the original on 21 September 2008
4670:
4571:Communities and Local Government 2009b
4306:
4125:Communities and Local Government 2009c
4083:
3918:
3894:
3882:
3865:
3834:
3822:
3677:
3592:
3538:Communities and Local Government 2009a
3106:
2079:. By 1679, Britain saw its first ever
7032:
6728:
6381:Asian diasporas in the United Kingdom
6354:
6304:Erdemir, Aykan; Vasta, Ellie (2007),
6216:
6001:
5954:
5935:
5812:
5361:
5299:
5137:
5109:
4760:from the original on 18 December 2006
4467:
4436:
4406:
4044:
4008:
3933:
3799:
3760:
3741:
3724:
3631:Ingiltere Atatürkçü Düşünce Derneği.
3280:
2271:rose to power in 1967, they staged a
7697:Exodus of Muslims from Serbia (1862)
5774:
5585:, Communities and Local Government,
5547:, Communities and Local Government,
5509:, Communities and Local Government,
5404:
5071:
4836:from the original on 27 January 2011
4522:
4382:"Briefing Notes on the Cyprus Issue"
4294:from the original on 2 November 2011
4168:Laschet, Armin (17 September 2011).
4100:
4065:from the original on 25 January 2011
3253:
3208:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
3092:(left) and the London office of the
2800:down to Newington Green Roundabout.
2138:organisation in order to resist the
1932:
148:Regions with significant populations
130:100,000–150,000 (academic estimates)
5688:Muslims in Britain: An Introduction
5078:HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory
4583:Bennetto, Jason (12 October 2005).
3094:Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
2597:Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2526:Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
2289:Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
549:Turkish minorities in North Africa:
486:Turkish minorities in the Caucasus:
13:
6259:
5898:; Jørgensen, Annette Myre (eds.),
5841:Journal of Minority Muslim Affairs
4316:. Museum of London. Archived from
3605:from the original on 2 August 2011
2644:
2540:alone. Furthermore, an article by
2419:Demographics of the United Kingdom
749:Turkish diasporas in Central Asia:
723:Turkish diasporas in the Americas:
430:Turkish minorities in the Balkans:
16:Ethnic group in the United Kingdom
14:
7955:
7924:British people of Turkish descent
6339:
5347:, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers,
4449:from the original on 24 July 2011
4437:Akben, Gözde (11 February 2010).
3384:Turkey – United Kingdom relations
3326:
3061:Cyprus – United Kingdom relations
3057:Turkey – United Kingdom relations
2361:More recently, ethnic Turks from
2335:to the United Kingdom began when
513:Turkish minorities in the Levant:
7886:Turks in the former Soviet Union
4648:. September 2009. Archived from
4614:Turkish Weekly (31 March 2011).
4506:. September 2009. Archived from
4407:Cemal, Akay (6 September 2008).
3958:Panayiotopoulos & Dreef 2002
3434:. Office for National Statistics
3358:
3344:
3302:
3078:
3069:
3041:Directorate of Religious Affairs
1873:. Turks then began to come from
368:
99:
86:
73:
56:
34:
7944:Turkey–United Kingdom relations
5733:Home Affairs Committee (2011),
5248:
5221:
5194:
5182:
5155:
5143:
5131:
5103:
5065:
5053:
5026:
4999:
4958:
4940:
4822:
4712:
4700:
4688:
4676:
4664:
4634:
4607:
4576:
4564:
4552:
4461:
4400:
4285:
4279:
4268:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
4255:
4244:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
4231:
4192:
4118:
4106:
4077:
4059:"Turkish today by Viv Edwardss"
4056:
4050:
4038:
4014:
4002:
3990:
3963:
3951:
3939:
3912:
3900:
3888:
3793:
3781:
3718:
3314:
3135:
3088:The Turkish Embassy located in
2412:
2095:in 1714, he took with him from
2051:was the British Prime Minister.
1080:Presidency of Religious Affairs
7637:Diaspora in Post-Soviet States
6174:, London School of Economics,
6100:Little Turkey in Great Britain
6082:, Greenwood Publishing Group,
6063:, Cambridge University Press,
6006:, Cambridge University Press,
5940:, Cambridge University Press,
5921:, Amsterdam University Press,
5690:, Cambridge University Press,
4646:Office for National Statistics
4504:Office for National Statistics
3972:"Turkish and proud to be here"
3593:Travis, Alan (1 August 2011).
3491:
3456:. National Records of Scotland
3189:
2988:has increased the strength of
2972:has had an influence of their
2927:Religion in the United Kingdom
2651:Office for National Statistics
2554:Office for National Statistics
2357:Migration from other countries
1953:built in 1895 and situated in
127:Turkish Cypriot-born residents
1:
7784:Assassination of Galip Balkar
7774:Assassination of Orhan Gündüz
6061:The Ottoman Empire, 1700-1922
5902:, John Benjamins Publishing,
5273:
4355:"Turkish community in the UK"
3432:"Country of birth (extended)"
3242:Turkish television programmes
2701:
2423:
1865:for work and then again when
1847:Birleşik Krallık'taki Türkler
934:Culture of the Ottoman Empire
780:Turkish diasporas in Oceania:
124:150,000 (academic estimates)
27:Birleşik Krallık'taki Türkler
7939:Muslim communities in Europe
7779:Assassination of Erkut Akbay
7517:Diaspora in the Persian Gulf
6140:"Turkish Migrants in Europe"
6025:, CInterworld Publications,
5686:Gilliat-Ray, Sophie (2010),
5671:, Sheffield Academic Press,
5110:Hazir, Agah (20 June 2019).
3788:Cunningham & Ingram 1993
3321:London Turkish Film Festival
2716:, with only 471 recorded in
2569:and 25,000 to 50,000 ethnic
2512:Between 100,000 and 150,000
859:Prehistory of Eastern Thrace
40:British Turks protesting in
7:
7934:Islam in the United Kingdom
7914:Turkish diaspora by country
7769:Assassination of Taha Carım
6346:Turkish Consulate in London
5988:10.1080/1369183032000123459
5938:Islam in Britain, 1558-1685
5853:10.1080/1360200042000296645
5300:Aksan, Virginia H. (2007),
5072:Kurt, Mehmet (March 2022).
5033:London Borough of Hackney.
5006:London Borough of Hackney.
4832:. BBC London. August 2008.
4530:"Country-of-birth database"
4468:Cemal, Akay (2 June 2011).
3561:Home Affairs Committee 2011
3517:Home Affairs Committee 2011
3337:
3050:
2920:
2883:
2708:Turkish community of London
2674:, that is, the province of
2587:Atatürk Thought Association
2548:Mainland Turkish population
2524:, 130,000 nationals of the
2311:and the surrounding areas.
2166:of July 1908 and after the
1914:Republic of North Macedonia
1854:who have immigrated to the
1838:Turks in the United Kingdom
620:Turkish diasporas in Europe
23:Turks in the United Kingdom
10:
7960:
7919:Turkish diaspora in Europe
7833:Banya Bashi Mosque clashes
7811:1993 Solingen arson attack
6138:Sonyel, Salahi R. (2000),
5636:(4): 35–52, archived from
5481:Cassia, Paul Sant (2007),
5117:London School of Economics
3330:
3182:to the Turkish Embassy in
3139:
3054:
2924:
2874:
2705:
2610:
2508:Turkish Cypriot population
2416:
2323:A Turkish festival in the
2315:Mainland Turkish migration
2232:terrorists and its aim of
2177:
2000:The first ever documented
1927:
1632:African and Afro-Caribbean
122:72,000 (2009 ONS estimate)
7846:
7806:1991 Altun Kupri massacre
7682:
7636:
7615:
7589:
7564:Diaspora in South America
7563:
7542:
7516:
7484:Diaspora in North America
7483:
7360:
7348:
7323:
7283:
7219:
7186:
7110:
7081:
7069:
6991:
6948:
6885:
6839:
6832:
6796:
6760:
6634:
6581:
6522:
6470:
6461:
6411:
6386:
6165:Strüder, Inge R. (2003),
6059:Quataert, Donald (2000),
6021:Panteli, Stavros (1990),
5959:, Sussex Academic Press,
5742:, The Stationery Office,
5459:10.1080/13642520110112119
5383:10.1080/13691830600761487
5377:(6), Routledge: 923–946,
4791:. BBC. 7 September 2005.
4756:. BBC. 7 September 2005.
3970:London Evening Standard.
3031:, and Osmaniye Mosque in
2676:East Macedonia and Thrace
2607:Other Turkish populations
2494:German-speaking countries
2399:German-speaking countries
2391:East Macedonia and Thrace
2174:Turkish Cypriot migration
1918:East Macedonia and Thrace
580:Other Turkish minorities:
323:
302:
297:
274:
269:
152:
147:
54:
49:
33:
7791:1983 Orly Airport attack
7099:Turkish Cypriot diaspora
6866:Nordic and Scandinavians
5832:Küçükcan, Talip (2004),
5756:Hüssein, Serkan (2007),
5343:Ansari, Humayun (2004),
5319:Ansari, Humayun (2002),
5228:Liberal Democrat Voice.
4952:24 December 2010 at the
4439:"Olmalı mı Olmamalı mı?"
4314:"Turkish Cypriot London"
4170:"İngiltere'deki Türkler"
3415:
3236:
2899:A new Turkish language,
2184:Turkish Cypriot diaspora
2059:, and by 1652 the first
1997:and settled in England.
801:Other Turkish diasporas:
120:101,721 (2011 UK Census)
7869:Turks in the Arab world
7734:Bloody Christmas (1963)
7704:Kirkuk Massacre of 1924
5875:Laçiner, Sedat (2008),
5669:Faith in the Millennium
5216:Østergaard-Nielsen 2003
5201:Østergaard-Nielsen 2003
5189:Østergaard-Nielsen 2003
5177:Østergaard-Nielsen 2003
5162:Østergaard-Nielsen 2003
3009:Shacklewell Lane Mosque
2903:or also referred to as
2894:Turkish Cypriot dialect
2293:Turkish Cypriot economy
7838:Iraqi Turkmen genocide
7821:Murder of Enver Şimşek
7590:Diaspora in South Asia
7123:Bosnia and Herzegovina
6243:, Ashgate Publishing,
6239:Yilmaz, Ihsan (2005),
6224:, Ashgate Publishing,
6203:Thomson, Mark (2006),
6133:(Winter 2008): 419–433
5798:, Ashgate Publishing,
5060:Çoştu & Turan 2009
4140:Essex County Council.
3578:Lytra & Baraç 2009
3292:London Turkish Gazette
2958:
2943:
2772:. The majority of the
2534:Home Affairs Committee
2469:
2328:
2197:
2052:
1958:
1942:
1916:, and the province of
1845:
1831:
854:Prehistory of Anatolia
387:List of Turkish people
316:, Other religions and
7796:1989 Fergana massacre
7744:Afrikaanderwijk riots
7616:Diaspora in East Asia
6118:Şentürk, Cem (2008),
6002:Pamuk, Allan (2010),
5936:Matar, Nabil (1998),
5896:Stenström, Anna-Brita
5420:Eicher, Joanne Bubolz
5304:, Pearson Education,
5258:. Fipra International
3374:List of British Turks
3366:United Kingdom portal
3333:List of British Turks
3206:and was formerly the
3027:, Hamidiye Mosque in
3003:The establishment of
2949:
2934:
2431:
2389:from the province of
2322:
2191:
2164:Young Turk Revolution
2039:
2008:. He was captured by
1948:
1940:
1904:period, particularly
1029:Old Anatolian Turkish
7881:Turks in the Balkans
7828:2004 Cologne bombing
7801:1990 Komotini events
7729:1959 Kirkuk massacre
7534:United Arab Emirates
7070:Traditional areas of
6313:COMPAS Working Paper
5775:Issa, Tözün (2005),
5564:on 23 September 2011
3705:"Muslims in Britain"
3198:, who has served as
2684:Western Thrace Turks
2666:Western Thrace Turks
2490:Western Thrace Turks
2467: 5% and greater
2387:Western Thrace Turks
2269:Greek military junta
2192:Turkish Cypriots in
2112:Anglo-Ottoman Treaty
2107:(true to the king).
1973:who were freed from
834:United Arab Emirates
7543:Diaspora in Oceania
7284:Turkish minorities
7220:Turkish minorities
7187:Turkish minorities
7111:Turkish minorities
7082:Turkish majorities:
6044:, Berg Publishers,
5817:, Lexington Books,
5602:on 25 November 2011
5430:, Berg Publishers,
5400:on 29 February 2012
5362:Aksoy, Asu (2006),
4652:on 14 November 2010
4510:on 14 November 2010
4320:on 17 December 2010
4275:on 5 November 2011.
3409:Fordingbridge Turks
3107:Diplomatic missions
2331:Migration from the
2211:economic depression
1965:were counted among
1150:Part of a series on
1075:Freedom of religion
410:Turkish majorities:
331:, and also smaller
117:Previous estimates:
30:
7859:Turkish population
7714:Gavurbağı massacre
7349:Diaspora in Africa
5779:, Trentham Books,
5760:, Serkan Hussein,
5526:on 12 October 2010
5485:, Berghahn Books,
5447:Rethinking History
5322:Muslims in Britain
4388:on 9 February 2011
4219:on 10 January 2012
4180:on 19 January 2012
3978:on 22 January 2011
3639:on 31 October 2010
3281:Turkish newspapers
3265:AdaAktüel Magazine
3021:Suleymaniye Mosque
2959:
2951:Suleymaniye Mosque
2944:
2613:Turkish minorities
2530:Republic of Cyprus
2470:
2365:, especially from
2333:Republic of Turkey
2329:
2285:divided the island
2198:
2053:
1959:
1943:
1833:Britanyalı Türkler
889:Republic of Turkey
869:Byzantine Anatolia
864:Classical Anatolia
333:Turkish minorities
261:Kingston upon Hull
22:
7899:
7898:
7344:
7343:
7026:
7025:
6881:
6880:
6722:
6721:
6577:
6576:
6282:978-1-85935-273-1
6250:978-0-7546-4389-0
6231:978-0-7546-4310-4
6110:978-1-910781-19-7
6089:978-0-275-97923-2
6051:978-1-85973-423-0
6032:978-0-948853-09-8
6013:978-0-521-13092-9
5947:978-0-521-62233-2
5928:978-90-8964-156-4
5909:978-90-272-5429-0
5824:978-0-7391-1607-4
5805:978-0-7546-7070-4
5786:978-1-85856-318-3
5767:978-0-646-47783-1
5749:978-0-215-56114-5
5697:978-0-521-53688-2
5659:978-0-7146-3494-4
5592:978-1-4098-1169-5
5554:978-1-4098-1263-0
5516:978-1-4098-1267-8
5492:978-1-84545-228-5
5437:978-1-85973-003-4
5354:978-1-85065-685-2
5311:978-0-582-30807-7
5292:978-0-7007-0410-1
3399:Britons in Turkey
3254:Turkish magazines
3219:Meral Hussein-Ece
3204:Foreign Secretary
2803:According to the
2552:According to the
2101:Kensington Palace
1933:Ottoman migration
1821:
1820:
1698:Northern American
1312:Southern European
1296:Northern European
1145:
1144:
1065:Atatürk's Reforms
1024:Karamanli Turkish
879:Anatolian beyliks
610:Turkish diasporas
347:
346:
29:
7951:
7891:Turkish diaspora
7286:in North Africa:
7273:Turkmen Mountain
7189:in the Caucasus:
7079:
7078:
7053:
7046:
7039:
7030:
7029:
7016:Irish Travellers
6886:Southeast Europe
6837:
6836:
6749:
6742:
6735:
6726:
6725:
6468:
6467:
6375:
6368:
6361:
6352:
6351:
6335:
6333:
6331:
6325:
6310:
6300:
6299:
6297:
6291:
6285:, archived from
6274:
6253:
6234:
6213:
6211:
6199:
6198:
6196:
6190:
6184:, archived from
6173:
6161:
6160:on 10 March 2013
6159:
6144:
6134:
6124:
6113:
6092:
6073:
6054:
6035:
6016:
5998:
5969:
5950:
5931:
5912:
5889:
5871:
5869:
5863:, archived from
5838:
5827:
5808:
5789:
5770:
5752:
5741:
5729:
5728:
5726:
5720:
5713:
5700:
5681:
5662:
5644:
5642:
5627:
5617:
5603:
5601:
5595:, archived from
5584:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5563:
5557:, archived from
5546:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5525:
5519:, archived from
5508:
5495:
5477:
5440:
5429:
5414:
5401:
5399:
5393:, archived from
5368:
5357:
5338:
5327:
5314:
5295:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5263:
5252:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5241:
5232:. Archived from
5225:
5219:
5213:
5204:
5198:
5192:
5186:
5180:
5174:
5165:
5159:
5153:
5147:
5141:
5135:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5124:
5107:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5096:
5069:
5063:
5057:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5046:
5037:. Archived from
5030:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5019:
5010:. Archived from
5003:
4997:
4991:
4985:
4979:
4968:
4962:
4956:
4944:
4938:
4932:
4923:
4917:
4911:
4905:
4896:
4890:
4875:
4869:
4863:
4857:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4841:
4830:"Turkish London"
4826:
4820:
4814:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4781:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4765:
4746:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4732:
4723:. Archived from
4716:
4710:
4704:
4698:
4692:
4686:
4680:
4674:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4638:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4618:. Archived from
4611:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4600:
4591:. Archived from
4580:
4574:
4568:
4562:
4556:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4536:. Archived from
4526:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4496:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4476:. Archived from
4465:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4418:on 20 March 2012
4414:. Archived from
4404:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4377:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4351:
4342:
4336:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4259:
4253:
4252:
4251:on 11 June 2011.
4235:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4224:
4215:. Archived from
4208:
4202:
4196:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4176:. Archived from
4165:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4146:
4137:
4128:
4122:
4116:
4110:
4104:
4098:
4087:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4070:
4054:
4048:
4042:
4036:
4030:
4024:
4018:
4012:
4006:
4000:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3974:. Archived from
3967:
3961:
3955:
3949:
3943:
3937:
3931:
3922:
3916:
3910:
3904:
3898:
3892:
3886:
3880:
3869:
3863:
3850:
3844:
3838:
3832:
3826:
3820:
3803:
3797:
3791:
3785:
3779:
3776:Gilliat-Ray 2010
3773:
3764:
3758:
3745:
3739:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3703:MuslimHeritage.
3700:
3681:
3675:
3666:
3663:Gilliat-Ray 2010
3660:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3635:. Archived from
3628:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3590:
3581:
3575:
3564:
3558:
3541:
3535:
3520:
3514:
3503:
3502:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3473:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3428:
3389:Turks in Ireland
3368:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3354:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3260:BritishTurks.com
3180:Trafalgar Square
3111:In 1793, Sultan
3082:
3073:
2915:Turkish language
2911:English language
2890:Turkish language
2520:and the Turkish
2514:Turkish Cypriots
2482:Macedonian Turks
2474:Turkish Cypriots
2466:
2461: 3.5%-4.99%
2460:
2454:
2448:
2443: 0.5%-0.99%
2442:
2437: 0.0%-0.49%
2436:
2379:Macedonian Turks
2215:Second World War
2209:of 1929 brought
2207:Great Depression
2180:British Cypriots
1886:Turkish Cypriots
1867:Turkish Cypriots
1848:
1834:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1358:Western European
1214:Eastern European
1147:
1146:
1137:
1130:
1123:
372:
349:
348:
329:Turkish Cypriots
133:Total population
112:Northern Ireland
105:
103:
102:
92:
90:
89:
83:: 124,758 (2021)
79:
77:
76:
61:
60:
50:Total population
38:
31:
25:
21:
7959:
7958:
7954:
7953:
7952:
7950:
7949:
7948:
7904:
7903:
7900:
7895:
7864:Turks in Europe
7842:
7754:Tochni massacre
7749:Revival Process
7678:
7632:
7611:
7585:
7559:
7538:
7512:
7479:
7356:
7340:
7319:
7285:
7279:
7221:
7215:
7188:
7182:
7163:North Macedonia
7112:
7106:
7095:Northern Cyprus
7071:
7065:
7057:
7027:
7022:
6987:
6949:Southern Europe
6944:
6877:
6833:Northern Europe
6828:
6792:
6756:
6753:
6723:
6718:
6630:
6573:
6518:
6457:
6407:
6382:
6379:
6342:
6329:
6327:
6326:on 16 July 2011
6323:
6308:
6295:
6293:
6292:on 26 June 2008
6289:
6283:
6272:
6262:
6260:Further reading
6257:
6251:
6232:
6218:Tocci, Nathalie
6209:
6194:
6192:
6191:on 8 March 2016
6188:
6182:
6171:
6157:
6142:
6122:
6111:
6090:
6071:
6052:
6033:
6014:
5967:
5948:
5929:
5910:
5887:
5870:on 17 June 2010
5867:
5836:
5825:
5806:
5787:
5768:
5750:
5739:
5724:
5722:
5721:on 1 March 2012
5718:
5711:
5698:
5679:
5660:
5643:on 10 July 2011
5640:
5625:
5599:
5593:
5582:
5567:
5565:
5561:
5555:
5544:
5529:
5527:
5523:
5517:
5506:
5493:
5438:
5397:
5366:
5355:
5336:
5325:
5312:
5293:
5276:
5271:
5261:
5259:
5254:
5253:
5249:
5239:
5237:
5236:on 24 July 2010
5226:
5222:
5214:
5207:
5199:
5195:
5187:
5183:
5175:
5168:
5160:
5156:
5148:
5144:
5136:
5132:
5122:
5120:
5108:
5104:
5094:
5092:
5070:
5066:
5058:
5054:
5044:
5042:
5041:on 4 March 2009
5031:
5027:
5017:
5015:
5014:on 4 March 2009
5004:
5000:
4992:
4988:
4980:
4971:
4963:
4959:
4954:Wayback Machine
4945:
4941:
4933:
4926:
4920:Abu-Haidar 1996
4918:
4914:
4906:
4899:
4891:
4878:
4870:
4866:
4858:
4849:
4839:
4837:
4828:
4827:
4823:
4815:
4808:
4798:
4796:
4783:
4782:
4773:
4763:
4761:
4748:
4747:
4740:
4730:
4728:
4727:on 19 July 2011
4717:
4713:
4705:
4701:
4693:
4689:
4681:
4677:
4669:
4665:
4655:
4653:
4640:
4639:
4635:
4625:
4623:
4622:on 7 April 2011
4612:
4608:
4598:
4596:
4595:on 5 March 2009
4589:The Independent
4581:
4577:
4569:
4565:
4557:
4553:
4543:
4541:
4528:
4527:
4523:
4513:
4511:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4483:
4481:
4480:on 21 July 2011
4474:Kıbrıs Gazetesi
4466:
4462:
4452:
4450:
4435:
4431:
4421:
4419:
4412:Kıbrıs Gazetesi
4405:
4401:
4391:
4389:
4378:
4374:
4364:
4362:
4361:on 4 March 2008
4353:
4352:
4345:
4337:
4333:
4323:
4321:
4312:
4311:
4307:
4297:
4295:
4284:
4280:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4237:
4236:
4232:
4222:
4220:
4209:
4205:
4197:
4193:
4183:
4181:
4166:
4159:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4138:
4131:
4123:
4119:
4111:
4107:
4099:
4090:
4082:
4078:
4068:
4066:
4055:
4051:
4043:
4039:
4031:
4027:
4019:
4015:
4007:
4003:
3995:
3991:
3981:
3979:
3968:
3964:
3956:
3952:
3944:
3940:
3932:
3925:
3917:
3913:
3905:
3901:
3893:
3889:
3881:
3872:
3864:
3853:
3845:
3841:
3833:
3829:
3821:
3806:
3798:
3794:
3786:
3782:
3774:
3767:
3759:
3748:
3740:
3731:
3723:
3719:
3709:
3707:
3701:
3684:
3676:
3669:
3661:
3652:
3642:
3640:
3629:
3618:
3608:
3606:
3591:
3584:
3576:
3567:
3559:
3544:
3536:
3523:
3515:
3506:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3482:
3480:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3459:
3457:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3437:
3435:
3430:
3429:
3422:
3418:
3394:Turks in Europe
3379:Turks in London
3364:
3359:
3357:
3350:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3335:
3329:
3317:
3305:
3283:
3275:T-VINE Magazine
3256:
3244:
3239:
3200:Mayor of London
3192:
3184:Belgrave Square
3144:
3138:
3126:Northern Cyprus
3122:Belgrave Square
3109:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3090:Belgrave Square
3085:
3084:
3083:
3075:
3074:
3063:
3053:
2998:British Muslims
2940:Stoke Newington
2929:
2923:
2886:
2877:
2796:, running from
2786:Newington Green
2782:Stoke Newington
2778:Turkish Cypriot
2710:
2704:
2696:Northern Greece
2680:Northern Greece
2668:
2655:Bulgarian Turks
2647:
2645:Bulgarian Turks
2615:
2609:
2601:Ahmet Davutoğlu
2592:The Independent
2573:. However, the
2550:
2510:
2478:Bulgarian Turks
2468:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2426:
2421:
2415:
2395:Northern Greece
2375:Bulgarian Turks
2359:
2337:migrant workers
2317:
2200:Migration from
2186:
2176:
2168:First World War
2093:King of England
2045:Ottoman Turkish
2010:William Hawkins
1935:
1930:
1922:Northern Greece
1871:Cyprus conflict
1863:Northern Cyprus
1846:
1832:
1817:
1529:Southeast Asian
1141:
1112:
1111:
1060:
1050:
1049:
1019:Ottoman Turkish
1014:Cypriot Turkish
1004:
994:
993:
974:Public holidays
904:
894:
893:
849:
839:
838:
603:
468:North Macedonia
422:Northern Cyprus
402:
392:
391:
382:
337:Bulgarian Turks
326:
324:
307:
293:
288:Cypriot Turkish
286:(including the
279:British English
265:
158:
135:
131:
129:
125:
123:
121:
119:
115:
110:
100:
98:
97:
87:
85:
84:
74:
72:
71:
64:
55:
45:
24:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7957:
7947:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7897:
7896:
7894:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7877:
7876:
7866:
7861:
7856:
7850:
7848:
7844:
7843:
7841:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7824:
7823:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7787:
7786:
7781:
7776:
7771:
7761:
7756:
7751:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7700:
7699:
7688:
7686:
7680:
7679:
7677:
7676:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7640:
7638:
7634:
7633:
7631:
7630:
7625:
7619:
7617:
7613:
7612:
7610:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7593:
7591:
7587:
7586:
7584:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7567:
7565:
7561:
7560:
7558:
7557:
7552:
7546:
7544:
7540:
7539:
7537:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7520:
7518:
7514:
7513:
7511:
7510:
7509:
7508:
7506:South Carolina
7498:
7493:
7487:
7485:
7481:
7480:
7478:
7477:
7476:
7475:
7468:United Kingdom
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7409:
7408:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7381:Czech Republic
7378:
7373:
7367:
7365:
7358:
7357:
7352:
7350:
7346:
7345:
7342:
7341:
7339:
7338:
7333:
7327:
7325:
7321:
7320:
7318:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7301:
7300:
7289:
7287:
7281:
7280:
7278:
7277:
7276:
7275:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7249:
7248:
7238:
7237:
7236:
7225:
7223:
7222:in the Levant:
7217:
7216:
7214:
7213:
7212:
7211:
7206:
7198:
7192:
7190:
7184:
7183:
7181:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7154:
7153:
7151:Western Thrace
7148:
7143:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7119:
7117:
7114:in the Balkans
7108:
7107:
7103:Mainland Turks
7085:
7083:
7076:
7067:
7066:
7060:Turkish people
7056:
7055:
7048:
7041:
7033:
7024:
7023:
7021:
7020:
7019:
7018:
7008:
7007:
7006:
6995:
6993:
6992:Western Europe
6989:
6988:
6986:
6985:
6984:
6983:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6952:
6950:
6946:
6945:
6943:
6942:
6941:
6940:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6889:
6887:
6883:
6882:
6879:
6878:
6876:
6875:
6874:
6873:
6863:
6862:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6840:
6834:
6830:
6829:
6827:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6800:
6798:
6797:Eastern Europe
6794:
6793:
6791:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6764:
6762:
6761:Central Europe
6758:
6757:
6752:
6751:
6744:
6737:
6729:
6720:
6719:
6717:
6716:
6711:
6710:
6709:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6638:
6636:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6587:
6585:
6583:Southeast Asia
6579:
6578:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6560:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6523:
6520:
6519:
6517:
6516:
6511:
6510:
6509:
6499:
6494:
6493:
6492:
6482:
6477:
6471:
6465:
6459:
6458:
6456:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6435:
6430:
6429:
6428:
6417:
6415:
6409:
6408:
6406:
6405:
6404:
6403:
6392:
6390:
6384:
6383:
6378:
6377:
6370:
6363:
6355:
6349:
6348:
6341:
6340:External links
6338:
6337:
6336:
6301:
6281:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6255:
6249:
6236:
6230:
6214:
6200:
6180:
6162:
6135:
6115:
6109:
6094:
6088:
6075:
6069:
6056:
6050:
6037:
6031:
6018:
6012:
5999:
5982:(4): 683–700,
5971:
5965:
5952:
5946:
5933:
5927:
5914:
5908:
5891:
5886:978-6054030071
5885:
5879:, USAK Books,
5872:
5847:(2): 243–258,
5829:
5823:
5810:
5804:
5791:
5785:
5772:
5766:
5753:
5748:
5730:
5702:
5696:
5683:
5677:
5664:
5658:
5645:
5618:
5610:Insight Turkey
5605:
5591:
5573:
5553:
5535:
5515:
5497:
5491:
5478:
5442:
5436:
5415:
5407:Insight Turkey
5402:
5359:
5353:
5340:
5334:
5316:
5310:
5297:
5291:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5269:
5247:
5220:
5205:
5193:
5181:
5166:
5154:
5142:
5130:
5102:
5090:10.1086/719164
5064:
5052:
5025:
4998:
4986:
4969:
4957:
4939:
4924:
4912:
4897:
4876:
4864:
4847:
4821:
4806:
4771:
4738:
4711:
4699:
4687:
4675:
4663:
4633:
4606:
4575:
4563:
4551:
4521:
4491:
4460:
4429:
4399:
4372:
4343:
4331:
4305:
4278:
4254:
4230:
4203:
4191:
4157:
4129:
4117:
4105:
4088:
4076:
4049:
4037:
4025:
4013:
4001:
3989:
3962:
3950:
3946:Bridgwood 1995
3938:
3923:
3911:
3899:
3887:
3870:
3851:
3839:
3827:
3804:
3792:
3780:
3765:
3746:
3729:
3717:
3682:
3667:
3650:
3616:
3582:
3565:
3542:
3521:
3504:
3490:
3468:
3445:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3355:
3339:
3336:
3328:
3327:Notable people
3325:
3324:
3323:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3223:House of Lords
3191:
3188:
3148:Cyprus dispute
3142:Cyprus dispute
3137:
3134:
3130:Bedford Square
3128:located at 29
3108:
3105:
3098:Bedford Square
3087:
3086:
3077:
3076:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3052:
3049:
3033:Stoke-on-Trent
3017:Aziziye Mosque
2936:Aziziye Mosque
2922:
2919:
2885:
2882:
2876:
2873:
2766:Waltham Forest
2736:, but also in
2703:
2700:
2686:are living in
2672:Western Thrace
2667:
2664:
2646:
2643:
2608:
2605:
2558:2001 UK Census
2549:
2546:
2509:
2506:
2486:Romanian Turks
2463:
2457:
2455: 2%-3.49%
2451:
2449: 1%-1.99%
2445:
2439:
2433:
2425:
2422:
2414:
2411:
2383:Romanian Turks
2371:Algerian Turks
2358:
2355:
2325:City of London
2316:
2313:
2222:Greek Cypriots
2175:
2172:
2160:Abdul Hamid II
2136:Young Ottomans
2105:von Königstreu
2075:party and the
2057:Turkish coffee
2031:Constantinople
1987:Ottoman Empire
1979:Spanish empire
1975:galley slavery
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1856:United Kingdom
1852:Turkish people
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1728:
1727:
1725:South American
1721:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1532:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1484:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1446:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1408:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1217:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1190:Northern Irish
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1164:
1163:
1162:United Kingdom
1159:
1158:
1156:British people
1152:
1151:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1000:
999:
996:
995:
992:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
905:
900:
899:
896:
895:
892:
891:
886:
884:Ottoman Empire
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
850:
845:
844:
841:
840:
837:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
805:
804:
796:
795:
790:
784:
783:
775:
774:
769:
764:
759:
753:
752:
744:
743:
738:
733:
727:
726:
718:
717:
715:United Kingdom
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
626:
625:
614:
613:
601:
600:
595:
590:
584:
583:
575:
574:
569:
564:
559:
553:
552:
544:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
517:
516:
508:
507:
496:
490:
489:
481:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
434:
433:
425:
424:
419:
403:
398:
397:
394:
393:
390:
389:
383:
378:
377:
374:
373:
365:
364:
362:Turkish people
358:
357:
356:of articles on
345:
344:
341:Romanian Turks
321:
320:
303:Predominantly
300:
299:
295:
294:
292:
291:
281:
275:
272:
271:
267:
266:
264:
263:
258:
252:West Yorkshire
249:
240:
235:
230:
225:
219:
212:Waltham Forest
150:
149:
145:
144:
109:: 2,886 (2021)
96:: 4,348 (2022)
67:2021/22 Census
52:
51:
47:
46:
42:Central London
39:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7956:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7911:
7909:
7902:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7875:
7872:
7871:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7851:
7849:
7845:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7822:
7819:
7818:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7766:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7698:
7695:
7694:
7693:
7690:
7689:
7687:
7685:
7681:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7641:
7639:
7635:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7620:
7618:
7614:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7594:
7592:
7588:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7568:
7566:
7562:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7547:
7545:
7541:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7521:
7519:
7515:
7507:
7504:
7503:
7502:
7501:United States
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7488:
7486:
7482:
7474:
7471:
7470:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7428:Liechtenstein
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7407:
7404:
7403:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7368:
7366:
7364:
7359:
7355:
7351:
7347:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7328:
7326:
7324:Other regions
7322:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7299:
7296:
7295:
7294:
7291:
7290:
7288:
7282:
7274:
7271:
7270:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7247:
7244:
7243:
7242:
7239:
7235:
7232:
7231:
7230:
7227:
7226:
7224:
7218:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7201:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7193:
7191:
7185:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7138:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7109:
7104:
7100:
7096:
7092:
7088:
7084:
7080:
7077:
7074:
7068:
7064:
7061:
7054:
7049:
7047:
7042:
7040:
7035:
7034:
7031:
7017:
7014:
7013:
7012:
7009:
7005:
7002:
7001:
7000:
6997:
6996:
6994:
6990:
6982:
6979:
6978:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6956:Gibraltarians
6954:
6953:
6951:
6947:
6939:
6936:
6935:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6890:
6888:
6884:
6872:
6869:
6868:
6867:
6864:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6846:
6845:
6842:
6841:
6838:
6835:
6831:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6801:
6799:
6795:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6765:
6763:
6759:
6750:
6745:
6743:
6738:
6736:
6731:
6730:
6727:
6715:
6712:
6708:
6705:
6704:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
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6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
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6650:
6648:
6645:
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6640:
6639:
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6622:
6619:
6617:
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6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6588:
6586:
6584:
6580:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6544:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6524:
6521:
6515:
6512:
6508:
6505:
6504:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6491:
6488:
6487:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6472:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6460:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6443:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6427:
6424:
6423:
6422:
6419:
6418:
6416:
6414:
6410:
6402:
6399:
6398:
6397:
6394:
6393:
6391:
6389:
6385:
6376:
6371:
6369:
6364:
6362:
6357:
6356:
6353:
6347:
6344:
6343:
6322:
6318:
6314:
6307:
6302:
6288:
6284:
6278:
6271:
6270:
6264:
6263:
6252:
6246:
6242:
6237:
6233:
6227:
6223:
6219:
6215:
6208:
6207:
6201:
6187:
6183:
6181:0-7530-1727-X
6177:
6170:
6169:
6163:
6156:
6152:
6148:
6141:
6136:
6132:
6128:
6121:
6116:
6112:
6106:
6102:
6101:
6095:
6091:
6085:
6081:
6076:
6072:
6070:0-521-63328-1
6066:
6062:
6057:
6053:
6047:
6043:
6038:
6034:
6028:
6024:
6019:
6015:
6009:
6005:
6000:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5981:
5977:
5972:
5968:
5966:1-902210-86-7
5962:
5958:
5953:
5949:
5943:
5939:
5934:
5930:
5924:
5920:
5915:
5911:
5905:
5901:
5897:
5892:
5888:
5882:
5878:
5873:
5866:
5862:
5858:
5854:
5850:
5846:
5842:
5835:
5830:
5826:
5820:
5816:
5811:
5807:
5801:
5797:
5792:
5788:
5782:
5778:
5773:
5769:
5763:
5759:
5754:
5751:
5745:
5738:
5737:
5731:
5717:
5710:
5709:
5703:
5699:
5693:
5689:
5684:
5680:
5678:1-84127-092-X
5674:
5670:
5665:
5661:
5655:
5652:, Routledge,
5651:
5646:
5639:
5635:
5631:
5624:
5619:
5615:
5611:
5606:
5598:
5594:
5588:
5581:
5580:
5574:
5560:
5556:
5550:
5543:
5542:
5536:
5522:
5518:
5512:
5505:
5504:
5498:
5494:
5488:
5484:
5479:
5476:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5443:
5439:
5433:
5428:
5427:
5421:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5403:
5396:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5376:
5372:
5365:
5360:
5356:
5350:
5346:
5341:
5337:
5335:1-897693-64-8
5331:
5324:
5323:
5317:
5313:
5307:
5303:
5298:
5294:
5288:
5285:, Routledge,
5284:
5279:
5278:
5257:
5251:
5235:
5231:
5224:
5217:
5212:
5210:
5202:
5197:
5190:
5185:
5178:
5173:
5171:
5163:
5158:
5151:
5150:Quataert 2000
5146:
5139:
5134:
5119:
5118:
5113:
5106:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5068:
5061:
5056:
5040:
5036:
5029:
5013:
5009:
5002:
4995:
4990:
4983:
4982:Küçükcan 2004
4978:
4976:
4974:
4966:
4961:
4955:
4951:
4948:
4943:
4936:
4935:Küçükcan 2004
4931:
4929:
4921:
4916:
4909:
4904:
4902:
4894:
4893:Küçükcan 2004
4889:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4881:
4873:
4872:Küçükcan 2004
4868:
4861:
4860:Küçükcan 2004
4856:
4854:
4852:
4835:
4831:
4825:
4818:
4813:
4811:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4745:
4743:
4726:
4722:
4715:
4708:
4703:
4696:
4691:
4684:
4679:
4672:
4667:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4637:
4621:
4617:
4610:
4594:
4590:
4586:
4579:
4572:
4567:
4560:
4555:
4540:on 4 May 2011
4539:
4535:
4531:
4525:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4495:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4464:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4433:
4417:
4413:
4410:
4403:
4387:
4383:
4376:
4360:
4356:
4350:
4348:
4340:
4335:
4319:
4315:
4309:
4293:
4289:
4282:
4274:
4270:
4269:
4264:
4258:
4250:
4246:
4245:
4240:
4234:
4218:
4214:
4207:
4200:
4199:Çilingir 2010
4195:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4164:
4162:
4143:
4136:
4134:
4126:
4121:
4114:
4109:
4102:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4085:
4080:
4064:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4041:
4034:
4033:Savvides 2004
4029:
4022:
4017:
4010:
4005:
3998:
3993:
3977:
3973:
3966:
3959:
3954:
3947:
3942:
3935:
3930:
3928:
3920:
3915:
3908:
3903:
3896:
3891:
3884:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3867:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3848:
3843:
3836:
3831:
3824:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3801:
3796:
3789:
3784:
3777:
3772:
3770:
3762:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3743:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3726:
3721:
3706:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3679:
3674:
3672:
3664:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3638:
3634:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3589:
3587:
3579:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3562:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3539:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3518:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3500:
3494:
3478:
3472:
3455:
3449:
3433:
3427:
3425:
3420:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3356:
3353:
3352:Turkey portal
3342:
3334:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3303:Turkish radio
3298:
3297:Olay Gazetesi
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3287:Avrupa Gazete
3285:
3284:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3196:Boris Johnson
3187:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3143:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3081:
3072:
3062:
3058:
3048:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2901:Anglo-Turkish
2897:
2895:
2891:
2881:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2849:Hertfordshire
2846:
2842:
2841:census tracts
2838:
2834:
2830:
2829:East Midlands
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2813:Hertfordshire
2810:
2806:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2723:
2720:and 1,042 in
2719:
2715:
2709:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2663:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2614:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2543:
2542:Armin Laschet
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2430:
2420:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2326:
2321:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2261:North America
2258:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2242:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2050:
2049:Boris Johnson
2046:
2042:
2041:Ali Kemal Bey
2038:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1939:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1825:
1824:British Turks
1814:
1809:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1780:New Zealander
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1405:Central Asian
1403:
1402:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1003:
998:
997:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
969:Nazar boncuğu
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
903:
898:
897:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
851:
848:
843:
842:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
806:
803:
802:
798:
797:
794:
791:
789:
786:
785:
782:
781:
777:
776:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
754:
751:
750:
746:
745:
742:
741:United States
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
728:
725:
724:
720:
719:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
670:Liechtenstein
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
627:
624:
623:
621:
616:
615:
612:
611:
606:
605:
604:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
585:
582:
581:
577:
576:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
554:
551:
550:
546:
545:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
518:
515:
514:
510:
509:
505:
501:
497:
495:
492:
491:
488:
487:
483:
482:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
435:
432:
431:
427:
426:
423:
420:
418:
415:
414:
413:
412:
411:
406:
401:
396:
395:
388:
385:
384:
381:
376:
375:
371:
367:
366:
363:
360:
359:
355:
351:
350:
342:
338:
334:
330:
322:
319:
315:
311:
306:
301:
296:
289:
285:
282:
280:
277:
276:
273:
268:
262:
259:
257:
253:
250:
248:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
220:
217:
213:
209:
205:
204:Seven Sisters
201:
200:Palmers Green
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
157:
156:
151:
146:
142:
138:
134:
128:
118:
113:
108:
95:
82:
70:
68:
59:
53:
48:
43:
37:
32:
28:
7901:
7739:Akritas plan
7664:Turkmenistan
7467:
7361:Diaspora in
7354:South Africa
7331:Saudi Arabia
6981:Iberian Jews
6932:
6809:Azerbaijanis
6701:
6657:Azerbaijanis
6611:Singaporeans
6475:Bangladeshis
6433:Hong Kongers
6388:Central Asia
6328:, retrieved
6321:the original
6316:
6312:
6294:, retrieved
6287:the original
6268:
6240:
6221:
6205:
6193:, retrieved
6186:the original
6167:
6155:the original
6150:
6146:
6130:
6126:
6099:
6079:
6060:
6041:
6022:
6003:
5979:
5975:
5956:
5937:
5918:
5899:
5876:
5865:the original
5844:
5840:
5814:
5795:
5776:
5757:
5735:
5723:, retrieved
5716:the original
5707:
5687:
5668:
5649:
5638:the original
5633:
5629:
5616:(1): 103–122
5613:
5609:
5597:the original
5578:
5566:, retrieved
5559:the original
5540:
5528:, retrieved
5521:the original
5502:
5482:
5453:(1): 57–76,
5450:
5446:
5425:
5413:(1): 123–138
5410:
5406:
5395:the original
5374:
5370:
5344:
5321:
5301:
5282:
5260:. Retrieved
5256:"Alp Mehmet"
5250:
5238:. Retrieved
5234:the original
5223:
5196:
5184:
5157:
5145:
5133:
5121:. Retrieved
5115:
5105:
5093:. Retrieved
5084:(1): 27–32.
5081:
5077:
5067:
5055:
5043:. Retrieved
5039:the original
5028:
5016:. Retrieved
5012:the original
5001:
4989:
4960:
4942:
4915:
4867:
4840:26 September
4838:. Retrieved
4824:
4797:. Retrieved
4788:
4764:26 September
4762:. Retrieved
4753:
4729:. Retrieved
4725:the original
4714:
4707:Şentürk 2008
4702:
4690:
4683:Markova 2010
4678:
4666:
4654:. Retrieved
4650:the original
4636:
4624:. Retrieved
4620:the original
4609:
4599:26 September
4597:. Retrieved
4593:the original
4588:
4578:
4566:
4559:Laçiner 2008
4554:
4544:26 September
4542:. Retrieved
4538:the original
4524:
4514:26 September
4512:. Retrieved
4508:the original
4494:
4482:. Retrieved
4478:the original
4473:
4463:
4451:. Retrieved
4442:
4432:
4422:21 September
4420:. Retrieved
4416:the original
4411:
4402:
4390:. Retrieved
4386:the original
4375:
4363:. Retrieved
4359:the original
4339:Laçiner 2008
4334:
4324:26 September
4322:. Retrieved
4318:the original
4308:
4298:14 September
4296:. Retrieved
4281:
4273:the original
4266:
4257:
4249:the original
4242:
4233:
4221:. Retrieved
4217:the original
4206:
4194:
4184:27 September
4182:. Retrieved
4178:the original
4173:
4148:. Retrieved
4120:
4113:Thomson 2006
4108:
4079:
4069:26 September
4067:. Retrieved
4052:
4040:
4028:
4021:Hüssein 2007
4016:
4004:
3997:Strüder 2003
3992:
3980:. Retrieved
3976:the original
3965:
3953:
3941:
3914:
3907:Panteli 1990
3902:
3890:
3847:Hüssein 2007
3842:
3830:
3795:
3783:
3720:
3708:. Retrieved
3641:. Retrieved
3637:the original
3607:. Retrieved
3599:The Guardian
3598:
3493:
3481:. Retrieved
3471:
3458:. Retrieved
3448:
3436:. Retrieved
3404:Byerley Turk
3315:Turkish film
3248:Euro Genc TV
3193:
3176:
3168:
3145:
3136:Cyprus issue
3110:
3045:
3037:Turkish army
3002:
2979:
2960:
2904:
2900:
2898:
2887:
2878:
2802:
2726:
2711:
2669:
2649:In 2009 the
2648:
2616:
2590:
2551:
2511:
2498:German Turks
2471:
2413:Demographics
2403:German Turks
2401:(especially
2360:
2330:
2301:
2297:
2246:
2238:
2219:
2199:
2133:
2121:Rashid Pasha
2109:
2104:
2081:Turkish bath
2061:coffee house
2054:
2018:Christianity
1999:
1995:Christianity
1991:North Africa
1981:, and Queen
1967:Henry VIII's
1960:
1951:Turkish bath
1883:
1860:
1837:
1823:
1822:
1613:
1325:Gibraltarian
1107:Bahá'í Faith
1097:Christianity
979:Shadow plays
909:Architecture
829:South Africa
800:
799:
779:
778:
767:Turkmenistan
748:
747:
722:
721:
618:
617:
607:
602:
593:Saudi Arabia
579:
578:
548:
547:
512:
511:
485:
484:
429:
428:
409:
408:
407:
404:
153:
136:
132:
126:
116:
114:: 659 (2021)
62:
26:
19:Ethnic group
7874:Kouloughlis
7684:Turkophobia
7597:Afghanistan
7555:New Zealand
7463:Switzerland
7433:Netherlands
7298:Kouloughlis
6918:Macedonians
6859:Lithuanians
6814:Belarusians
6601:Indonesians
6514:Sri Lankans
6296:17 February
6147:Perceptions
5045:20 December
5018:20 December
4994:Geaves 2001
4965:Ansari 2002
4817:Yilmaz 2005
4789:Born Abroad
4754:Born Abroad
4671:Ivanov 2007
4443:Star Kıbrıs
4084:Cassia 2007
3919:Cassia 2007
3895:Ansari 2004
3883:Ansari 2004
3866:Yilmaz 2005
3835:Yilmaz 2005
3823:Sonyel 2000
3678:Sonyel 2000
3643:10 December
3270:BN Magazine
3190:Politicians
2798:Manor House
2794:Green Lanes
2660:Netherlands
2579:Iraqi Kurds
2562:Home Office
2502:Dutch Turks
2407:Dutch Turks
2273:coup d'état
2267:. Once the
2156:Young Turks
2073:Cromwellian
2014:Anglicanism
1983:Elizabeth I
1881:countries.
1680:Trinidadian
1589:Azerbaijani
1558:Singaporean
1495:Bangladeshi
1481:South Asian
874:The Seljuqs
793:New Zealand
705:Switzerland
675:Netherlands
314:Alevi Islam
305:Sunni Islam
141:Home Office
7908:Categories
7674:Uzbekistan
7654:Kyrgyzstan
7649:Kazakhstan
7644:Azerbaijan
7234:Turkmeneli
7196:Azerbaijan
7168:Montenegro
7146:Dodecanese
7075:settlement
7063:by country
6971:Portuguese
6898:Bulgarians
6824:Ukrainians
6783:Hungarians
6626:Vietnamese
6606:Malaysians
6552:Romanichal
6502:Pakistanis
6463:South Asia
6453:Mongolians
5568:31 October
5274:References
5138:Aksan 2007
4453:21 January
4045:Tocci 2004
4009:Tocci 2004
3934:Kliot 2007
3800:Pamuk 2010
3761:Matar 2001
3742:Matar 2001
3725:Matar 1998
3331:See also:
3227:Alp Mehmet
3212:Circassian
3158:, such as
3140:See also:
3132:, London.
3055:See also:
3025:Manchester
2925:See also:
2861:Manchester
2857:Nottingham
2837:Nottingham
2821:Manchester
2809:Birmingham
2770:Wood Green
2762:Kensington
2706:See also:
2702:Settlement
2611:See also:
2424:Population
2417:See also:
2178:See also:
2140:absolutism
2129:Fuad Pasha
2083:opened in
2025:living in
1775:Australian
1749:Ecuadorian
1690:Zimbabwean
1576:West Asian
1568:Vietnamese
1548:Indonesian
1520:Sri Lankan
1457:Hongkonger
1443:East Asian
1345:Portuguese
1263:Macedonian
1258:Lithuanian
1228:Belarusian
1070:Secularism
954:Literature
772:Uzbekistan
762:Kyrgyzstan
757:Kazakhstan
494:Azerbaijan
463:Montenegro
400:Population
318:Irreligion
310:Shia Islam
247:Nottingham
233:Manchester
223:Birmingham
216:Wood Green
188:Kensington
7581:Venezuela
7571:Argentina
7550:Australia
7263:Palestine
7209:Meskhetia
6976:Spaniards
6923:Romanians
6893:Albanians
6849:Estonians
6804:Armenians
6768:Austrians
6707:in London
6652:Assyrians
6647:Armenians
6635:West Asia
6596:Filipinos
6507:in London
6490:in London
6480:Bhutanese
6442:in London
6413:East Asia
6195:2 October
5996:145528555
5861:143598673
5530:2 October
5475:143498169
5467:440918386
5391:216142054
4799:2 October
4392:5 October
4365:5 January
4101:Issa 2005
3982:2 October
3214:origin);
3118:Mahmud II
3113:Selim III
3029:Leicester
2957:, London.
2942:, London.
2869:Moss Side
2865:Stretford
2833:Leicester
2825:Sheffield
2758:Islington
2750:Southwark
2635:Macedonia
2522:consulate
2265:Australia
2144:Abdulaziz
2125:Ali Pasha
2077:Anglicans
2069:merchants
2006:Negropont
1744:Colombian
1739:Brazilian
1640:Barbadian
1553:Malaysian
1515:Pakistani
1500:Bhutanese
1472:Mongolian
1288:Ukrainian
1243:Hungarian
1233:Bulgarian
1002:Languages
959:Miniature
944:Festivals
788:Australia
504:Meskhetia
498:Georgia (
308:Minority
270:Languages
243:Leicester
238:Sheffield
208:Southwark
184:Islington
143:estimate)
7847:See also
7607:Pakistan
7448:Portugal
7204:Abkhazia
7200:Georgia
7128:Bulgaria
7091:Muhacirs
7004:Huguenot
6961:Italians
6913:Kosovans
6903:Cypriots
6854:Latvians
6819:Russians
6697:Lebanese
6687:Israelis
6672:Iranians
6667:Emiratis
6662:Cypriots
6621:Timorese
6557:Scottish
6537:Punjabis
6532:Pashtuns
6527:Mirpuris
6497:Nepalese
6438:Japanese
6330:30 March
6220:(2004),
5725:24 April
5240:10 April
4950:Archived
4834:Archived
4793:Archived
4785:"Cyprus"
4758:Archived
4750:"Turkey"
4731:24 April
4626:14 April
4447:Archived
4292:Archived
4239:"Turkey"
4223:13 April
4174:Hurriyet
4063:Archived
3710:14 March
3609:1 August
3603:Archived
3438:28 March
3338:See also
3309:Bizim FM
3216:Baroness
3160:Istanbul
3152:lobbying
3100:(right).
3051:Politics
2986:identity
2982:religion
2921:Religion
2913:and the
2906:Turklish
2884:Language
2845:Cheshunt
2831:(mostly
2827:and the
2742:Lewisham
2734:Haringey
2722:Scotland
2623:Bulgaria
2496:(mainly
2249:enclaves
2150:(and to
2117:Tanzimat
2089:George I
1906:Bulgaria
1879:European
1767:Oceanian
1754:Peruvian
1734:Bolivian
1711:Canadian
1706:American
1685:Sudanese
1670:Nigerian
1665:Jamaican
1660:Guyanese
1655:Ghanaian
1650:Eritrean
1645:Egyptian
1584:Armenian
1543:Filipino
1510:Nepalese
1462:Japanese
1366:Austrian
1273:Romanian
1223:Albanian
1200:Scottish
1195:Orcadian
1058:Religion
949:Folklore
819:Pakistan
500:Abkhazia
443:Bulgaria
354:a series
352:Part of
335:such as
298:Religion
290:dialect)
196:Lewisham
180:Haringey
94:Scotland
7669:Ukraine
7418:Ireland
7413:Hungary
7401:Germany
7391:Finland
7386:Denmark
7376:Belgium
7371:Austria
7315:Tunisia
7293:Algeria
7258:Lebanon
7173:Romania
7137:Greece
7133:Croatia
7073:Turkish
6966:Maltese
6778:Germans
6714:Yemenis
6677:Syrians
6591:Burmese
6564:Sindhis
6485:Indians
6448:Koreans
6421:Chinese
6401:Pashtun
5422:(ed.),
5262:17 June
4484:17 June
4150:16 June
3563:, Ev 34
3231:Iceland
3005:mosques
2994:culture
2974:Turkish
2966:Muslims
2955:Dalston
2875:Culture
2853:Clifton
2790:Dalston
2774:Turkish
2754:Croydon
2746:Lambeth
2738:Enfield
2730:Hackney
2714:England
2639:Romania
2627:Germany
2619:Algeria
2347:Enfield
2305:Turkish
2097:Hanover
2091:became
2087:. Once
2043:was an
2023:Muslims
1971:England
1928:History
1910:Romania
1902:Ottoman
1898:Balkans
1894:Germany
1890:Algeria
1842:Turkish
1828:Turkish
1759:Chilean
1716:Mexican
1624:Israeli
1614:Turkish
1604:Kurdish
1594:Iranian
1538:Burmese
1452:Chinese
1429:Turkmen
1376:Flemish
1350:Spanish
1340:Maltese
1335:Italian
1320:Cypriot
1304:Swedish
1283:Serbian
1278:Russian
1253:Latvian
1248:Kosovan
1175:English
1170:Cornish
1102:Judaism
1091:Mosques
1009:Turkish
989:Theatre
929:Cuisine
919:Carpets
902:Culture
847:History
710:Ukraine
660:Ireland
655:Germany
645:Finland
640:Denmark
635:Belgium
630:Austria
608:Modern
588:Hungary
572:Tunisia
557:Algeria
536:Lebanon
473:Romania
448:Croatia
284:Turkish
192:Lambeth
177:Hackney
169:Enfield
165:Croydon
137:500,000
81:England
7659:Russia
7576:Brazil
7524:Kuwait
7496:Mexico
7491:Canada
7473:London
7458:Sweden
7443:Poland
7438:Norway
7406:Berlin
7396:France
7363:Europe
7253:Jordan
7241:Israel
7178:Serbia
7158:Kosovo
7087:Turkey
6999:French
6938:London
6908:Greeks
6871:Swedes
6844:Baltic
6773:Czechs
6682:Iraqis
6569:Tamils
6542:Romani
6426:London
6396:Afghan
6279:
6247:
6228:
6178:
6107:
6086:
6067:
6048:
6029:
6010:
5994:
5963:
5944:
5925:
5906:
5883:
5859:
5821:
5802:
5783:
5764:
5746:
5694:
5675:
5656:
5589:
5551:
5513:
5489:
5473:
5465:
5434:
5389:
5351:
5332:
5308:
5289:
5123:26 May
5095:26 May
4819:, 155.
4709:, 427.
4656:8 July
3483:25 May
3460:24 May
3225:; and
3164:Ankara
3156:Turkey
3013:London
2768:, and
2692:Pomaks
2688:London
2631:Greece
2585:. The
2560:. The
2538:London
2465:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2367:Europe
2309:London
2281:Turkey
2277:EOKA B
2257:Turkey
2253:exodus
2241:sewing
2234:Enosis
2226:Greece
2202:Cyprus
2194:London
2148:London
2085:London
2066:Muslim
2027:London
2002:Muslim
1955:London
1912:, the
1875:Turkey
1850:) are
1785:Fijian
1675:Somali
1619:Yemeni
1609:Syrian
1505:Indian
1490:Afghan
1467:Korean
1419:Kyrgyz
1414:Kazakh
1386:German
1381:French
1268:Polish
1180:Gaelic
1045:Altaic
1043:&
1041:Turkic
984:Sports
924:Cinema
814:Kuwait
736:Mexico
731:Canada
700:Sweden
690:Russia
685:Poland
680:Norway
650:France
531:Jordan
526:Israel
478:Serbia
458:Kosovo
453:Greece
438:Bosnia
417:Turkey
380:People
214:, and
173:Euston
161:Camden
155:London
139:(2011
104:
91:
78:
7628:Japan
7623:China
7602:India
7529:Qatar
7453:Spain
7423:Italy
7336:Yemen
7310:Libya
7305:Egypt
7268:Syria
7141:Crete
7011:Irish
6933:Turks
6928:Serbs
6788:Poles
6702:Turks
6692:Kurds
6642:Arabs
6616:Thais
6324:(PDF)
6309:(PDF)
6290:(PDF)
6273:(PDF)
6210:(PDF)
6189:(PDF)
6172:(PDF)
6158:(PDF)
6143:(PDF)
6123:(PDF)
5992:S2CID
5868:(PDF)
5857:S2CID
5837:(PDF)
5740:(PDF)
5719:(PDF)
5712:(PDF)
5641:(PDF)
5626:(PDF)
5600:(PDF)
5583:(PDF)
5562:(PDF)
5545:(PDF)
5524:(PDF)
5507:(PDF)
5471:S2CID
5398:(PDF)
5387:S2CID
5367:(PDF)
5326:(PDF)
5218:, 692
5203:, 690
5191:, 687
5179:, 688
5164:, 685
5140:, 226
4996:, 218
4984:, 254
4937:, 253
4922:, 122
4895:, 251
4874:, 250
4862:, 249
4697:, 44.
4685:, 214
4561:, 397
4341:, 397
4286:BBC.
4201:, 108
4145:(PDF)
4127:, 34.
4086:, 238
4057:BBC.
4035:, 260
3921:, 236
3909:, 151
3897:, 154
3885:, 151
3868:, 154
3837:, 153
3825:, 147
3790:, 105
3763:, 262
3744:, 261
3727:, 127
3680:, 146
3416:Notes
3237:Media
2990:Islam
2970:Islam
2963:Sunni
2817:Luton
2718:Wales
2694:from
2571:Kurds
2567:Turks
2351:Essex
2342:rural
2152:Paris
1963:Turks
1836:) or
1599:Iraqi
1434:Uzbek
1424:Tajik
1396:Swiss
1391:Irish
1371:Dutch
1330:Greek
1238:Czech
1205:Welsh
1087:Islam
1034:Oghuz
964:Music
939:Dance
824:Qatar
809:Japan
695:Spain
665:Italy
598:Yemen
567:Libya
562:Egypt
541:Syria
228:Luton
107:Wales
7246:Jews
7229:Iraq
6547:Kale
6332:2010
6298:2008
6277:ISBN
6245:ISBN
6226:ISBN
6197:2010
6176:ISBN
6105:ISBN
6084:ISBN
6065:ISBN
6046:ISBN
6027:ISBN
6008:ISBN
5961:ISBN
5942:ISBN
5923:ISBN
5904:ISBN
5881:ISBN
5819:ISBN
5800:ISBN
5781:ISBN
5762:ISBN
5744:ISBN
5727:2011
5692:ISBN
5673:ISBN
5654:ISBN
5587:ISBN
5570:2011
5549:ISBN
5532:2010
5511:ISBN
5487:ISBN
5463:OCLC
5432:ISBN
5349:ISBN
5330:ISBN
5306:ISBN
5287:ISBN
5264:2015
5242:2011
5152:, 80
5125:2022
5097:2022
5062:, 45
5047:2008
5020:2008
4967:, 13
4842:2010
4801:2010
4766:2010
4733:2011
4673:, 58
4658:2010
4628:2011
4601:2010
4573:, 35
4546:2010
4516:2010
4486:2011
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