983:
4249:
7503:
4597:
6189:
7433:
7317:
6379:
111:
4079:
12156:
4873:
211:
11933:
3699:
123:
4731:
11888:
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roads and both signposted and maintained by communes individually, but many are based on dedicated cycle paths often formed by converting disused railway tracks. These help form routes such as 'Vélodyssée' from
Roscoff to Nantes and several major routes under the 'V' label (following signs V1, V2 etc.). The old tow-path of the Nantes-Brest canal is now open to cyclists along its entire 385 km length though in places (unlike rail-based cycle paths) it is very meandering and leaving the path will both shorten the distance and provide variety.
7369:
3281:
3935:
2275:
7418:
528:
3176:
7204:
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3092:
2774:, which were the biggest ones, could really pretend to the capital status. The dukes were crowned in Rennes and they had a large castle there; it was however destroyed during the 15th century. Vannes, on its side, was the seat of the Chamber of Accounts and of the Parliament until the union with France. The Parliament was then transferred to Rennes, and the Chamber of Accounts to Nantes. Nantes, nicknamed "the city of the Dukes of Brittany", was also the permanent residence of the last dukes. The
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1084:
7488:
1743:
7389:
7515:
6590:
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1481:
4530:
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7148:
usually far less) and unlike the canal paths they do link small villages where cyclists can find somewhere to refresh themselves. The increase in cycling holiday-makers has given new life to the network of small campsites and hotels/chambre d'hotes especially inland where the economy struggled in the past. As a general rule cyclists are very well respected in the region and many larger towns have cycle-lanes – however traffic is 'cycle-friendly' even in their absence.
2244:
7403:
7448:
2817:
135:
10133:
2310:
2145:
7339:
4423:
3886:
1731:
4240:. Without the Loire-Atlantique's figures, the Breton population only numbered 2.4 million in 1962, nearly unchanged from its population of 2.3 million in 1851. After the 1960s, the whole region has had a strong demographic growth because of the decline of the traditional emigration to richer French regions. Instead, Brittany has become attractive, particularly for families, young retired persons and active people over 35 years old.
7354:
3439:
1641:
6318:
6929:
5286:
4286:
1987:
7157:
7537:
6985:
4273:
belong first to
Brittany. 50% of the older respondents considered themselves belonging first to France. Primary Breton identity is at its lowest among the respondents over 65: 58% consider themselves to belong first to France, with European identify secondary. 21% of the respondents over 65 considering themselves to be European first. Breton self-identification is stronger among people who vote
6773:
3915:, has never been heavily industrialised. Today, fishing and agriculture remain important activities. Brittany has more than 40,000 farms, mostly oriented towards cattle, pig and poultry breeding, as well as cereal and vegetable production. The number of farms tends to diminish, but as a result, they are merged into very large estates. Brittany is the first producer in France for vegetables (
5059:
4790:(tour of Brittany), where the pilgrims walk around Brittany from the grave of one of the seven founder saints to another. Historically, the pilgrimage was made in one trip (a total distance of around 600 km) for all seven saints. Nowadays, however, pilgrims complete the circuit over the course of several years. In 2002, the Tro Breizh included a special pilgrimage to
12501:
5464:
9074:
2100:, which encouraged the creation of many factories, did not favour the Breton industry because most of the royal factories were opened in other provinces. Moreover, several conflicts between France and England led the latter to restrain its trade, and the Breton economy went into recession during the 18th century.
4425:
4429:
4428:
4424:
1590:. Some suggest that he was a Breton, though others believe that he was from Britain, pointing to the passage that he arrived in the land of the Biturges "by way of Ocean", which would hardly have been efficient or required for a Breton. Both historians describe Riothamus's losing battle against King
4561:
than in Breton speaking areas. Gallo was simply perceived as an incorrect way of speaking French rather than a separate language. Gallo transmission from parents to children is extremely low and efforts to standardise and publish books in Gallo did not reverse the decline of the language and its lack
4430:
4272:
A 2012 poll taken in the five departments of historical
Brittany showed that 48% of the respondents considered themselves belonging first to France, 37% to Brittany, and 10% to Europe. It also showed that Breton identity is stronger among people younger than 35. 53% of them considering themselves to
7143:
Cycling has always been one of the main sports of
Brittany, but leisure cycling and the infrastructure to support it have been growing extremely rapidly. An extensive network of cycle paths and recommended cycle routes has opened up all over the region. Some of these are routes using mainly smaller
4442:
Government policies in the 19th and 20th centuries made education compulsory and, at the same time, forbade the use of Breton in schools to push non-French speakers into adopting the French language. Nevertheless, until the 1960s Breton was spoken or understood by many of the inhabitants of western
3082:
which has seats at the
Regional Council and in other local assemblies. It advocates more autonomy for the region and its positions are very close to the Socialist parties. It also has a strong ecological orientation. The audience of far-right parties is lower in Brittany than in the rest of France.
2211:
During the 19th century, Brittany remained in economic recession, and many
Bretons emigrated to other French regions, particularly to Paris. This trend remained strong until the beginning of the 20th century. Nonetheless, the region was also modernising, with new roads and railways being built, and
1569:
included Romans, Visigoths, Franks, Alans and
Armoricans, amongst others. The Alans were placed front and centre, opposite the Huns. The Armoricans supplied archers who attacked the Huns' front lines during the main battle and thwarted Attila's night assault on the Roman camp with a hail of arrows
7147:
Though the marked cyclepaths such as the Nantes-Brest canal offer the opportunity for safe, easy, traffic free cycling, the real 'richness' of
Brittany is its incredible network of country lanes. Those the terrain can be described as 'rolling' the gradients are generally moderate (rarely over 5% -
4801:
or the "Reaper of Death". Sometimes a skeleton wrapped in a shroud with the Breton flat hat, sometimes described as a real human being (the last dead of the year, devoted to bring the dead to Death), he makes his journeys by night carrying an upturned scythe which he throws before him to reap his
1914:
of the Duchy changed many times; the Dukes were usually independent, but they often contracted alliances with
England or France depending on who was threatening them at that point. Their support for each nation became very important during the 14th century because the English kings had started to
3453:
Brittany's wildlife is typical of France with several distinctions. On one hand, the region, due to its long coastline, has a rich oceanic fauna, and some birds cannot be seen in other French regions. On the other hand, the species found in the inland are usually common for France, and because
6612:. Brittany is the second-largest cider-producing region in France. Breton cider is traditionally served in a bowl or a cup. Brittany also has a long beer-brewing tradition, tracing its roots back to the 17th century. Young artisanal brewers are keeping a variety of beer types alive, such as
2875:
Because the départements are small and numerous, the French government tried to create wider regions during the 20th century. For the Breton nationalists, it was an occasion to recreate
Brittany as a political and administrative entity, but the new region had to be economically efficient.
4064:. The two were Rochefort-en-Terre with "its covered market, 12th-century church, medieval castle, 19th-century chateau, and 16th- and 17th-century mansions" and Locronan, where "East India Company's offices still stand on the village square, as well as 17th-century merchants' dwellings".
9078:
1031:, the warmer climate allowed the area to become heavily wooded. At that time, Brittany was populated by relatively large communities who started to change their lifestyles from a life of hunting and gathering, to become settled farmers. Agriculture was introduced during the
4427:
5708:
4231:
In 1851, Brittany had around 2.7 million inhabitants and the demographic growth stayed low until the second half of the 20th century, mainly because of an important emigration. Brittany had 3.2 million inhabitants in 1962 and the growth was mainly due to
200:
3414:. Rainfall occurs regularly but sunny, cloudless days are also common. In the summer months, temperatures in the region can reach 30 °C (86 °F), yet the climate remains comfortable, especially when compared to the French regions located south of the
194:
191:
199:
197:
190:
196:
195:
193:
192:
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3730:, who wanted to affirm the Breton independence from France. All the traditional disciplines were taught here: arts, theology, law and medicine. During the 17th century, it had around 1,500 students. It declined during the 18th century, mostly because
9479:
9461:
1549:, who sent some of his British troops to Gaul to enforce his claims and settled them in Armorica. This account was supported by the Counts of Anjou, who claimed descent from a Roman soldier expelled from Lower Brittany by Conan on Magnus's orders.
1477:(also spelled bacaudae) during this period, which were groups of peasant insurgents. The Bagaudae achieved some temporary and scattered successes under the leadership of members of the underclass as well as former members of local ruling elites.
9443:
3418:. The temperature difference between summer and winter is about 15 degrees, but it varies depending on the proximity of the sea. The weather is generally milder on the seacoast than inland but rainfall occurs with the same intensity on both. The
3709:
Brittany has the same education system as the rest of France. As in other French regions, formal education before the 19th century was the preserve of the elite. Before 1460, Brittany did not have a university, and Breton students had to go to
8780:
4265:
considered themselves as much Breton as French, 22.5% felt more Breton than French, and 15.4% more French than Breton. A minority, 1.5%, considered themselves Breton but not French, while 9.3% did not consider themselves to be Breton at all.
3782:
Jules Ferry also promoted education policies establishing French language as the language of the Republic, and mandatory education was a mean to eradicate regional languages and dialects. In Brittany, it was forbidden for the pupils to speak
8675:
2407:. Nevertheless, Brittany retained its cultural distinctiveness, and a new cultural revival emerged during the 1960s and 1970s. Bilingual schools were opened, singers started to write songs in Breton, and ecological catastrophes such as the
8734:
8637:
4556:
Unlike Breton, Gallo does not have a long promotion history and it is still often perceived as a poor rural dialect. Moreover, because of its linguistic relationship with Gallo, French imposed itself more easily as the main language in
3949:
Although relatively new, the Breton industry has been constantly growing since 1980. Food processing (meat, vegetables...) represents a third of the industrial jobs, but other activities are also important for the local economy.
1898:
Medieval Brittany was far from being a united nation. The French king maintained envoys in Brittany, alliances contracted by local lords often overlapped and there was no specific Breton unity. For example, Brittany replaced
4573:, because Breton is gaining ground in territories that were not previously part of the main Breton-speaking area, and most of all because Breton appears as the national language of Brittany, thus leaving no place for Gallo.
4446:
Having declined from more than one million speakers around 1950 to about 200,000 in the first decade of the 21st century, of whom 61% are more than 60 years old, Breton is classified as "severely endangered" by the UNESCO
1934:, backed by the English. The Montforts won in 1364 and enjoyed a period of total independence until the end of the Hundred Years' War, because France was weakened and stopped sending royal envoys to the Court of Brittany.
1447:. The Gallic deities continued to be worshiped, and were often assimilated to the Roman gods. Only a small number of statues depicting Roman gods were found in Brittany, and most of the time they combine Celtic elements.
5111:, which displays an elaborately decorated church surrounded by an entirely walled churchyard. Many villages still have their closes, they date from the 16th and 17th centuries and sometimes include an elaborately carved
7627:
Brittany was proverbially wealthy throughout much of its history: it prospered from trade before and during Roman rule, mid-ninth century legal documents reveal peasant landowners suing lords for trespass. The House of
5522:
is the most common type of singing. The performers sing calls and responses while dancing. Breton dances usually imply circles, chains or couples and they are different in every region. The oldest dances seem to be the
4013:
in late 2012. However, these figures remain under the French national rate (9.9% at the same period). Some industries, such as construction, industry, catering or transport, usually have difficulties finding employees.
189:
2992:, because it would lose its political and economic capital. Without Loire-Atlantique, the other départements would not form an efficient region any more, and would have to integrate neighbouring regions such as the
7502:
4576:
Gallo had never been written before the 20th century, and several writing systems were created. They are however rarely known by the population and signs in Gallo are often unreadable, even for fluent speakers. In
4711:", though only a few are officially accepted by the Catholic Church. Since the 19th century at least, Brittany has been known as one of the most devoutly Catholic regions in France, together with the neighbouring
947:, a standard which has never been widely accepted. On its side, Gallo has never had a widely accepted writing system and several ones coexist. For instance, the name of the region in that language can be written
5326:
movement. The Seiz Breur artists also tried to invent a modern Breton art by rejecting French standards and mixing traditional techniques with new materials. The leading artists of that period were the designer
4443:
Brittany. During the 1970s, Breton schools were opened and the local authorities started to promote the language, which was on the brink of extinction because parents had stopped teaching it to their children.
7955:
1442:
The Romans also built three major roads through the region. However, most of the population remained rural. The free peasants lived in small huts, whereas the landowners and their employees lived in proper
9483:
9465:
9447:
4806:, drawn by two oxen and a lean horse. Two servants dressed in the same shroud and hat as the Ankou pile the dead into the cart, and to hear it creaking at night means you have little time left to live.
4426:
4260:
Breton political parties do not have wide support and their electoral success is small. However, Bretons have a strong cultural identity. According to a poll made in 2008, 50% of the inhabitants of the
8234:
Leon Fleuriot's primarily linguistic researches in Les Origines de la Bretagne, emphasizes instead the broader influx of Britons into Roman Gaul that preceded the fifth-century collapse of Roman power.
8641:
8679:
529:
8731:
8260:
After the Romans withdrew, Celts from Britain moved into the area to seek refuge from the Anglo-Saxon invaders of the 5th and 6th centuries. It is from this event that Brittany derives its name.
5382:, also maintain a similar tradition. The potteries usually feature naïve Breton characters in traditional clothing and daily scenes. The designs have a strong traditional Breton influence, but
3834:
12719:
4269:
51.9% of the poll respondents agreed that Brittany should have more political power, and 31.1% thought that it should stay the same. Only 4.6% favoured independence, and 9.4% were undecided.
187:
4809:
As official religious statistics are forbidden in France, there are no official figures about religious practices in Brittany. However, successive polls show that the region has grown more
3229:. The Breton bocage, with its small fields enclosed by thick hedgerows, has almost disappeared since the 1960s to fit the modern agricultural needs and methods, particularly mechanisation.
4584:
The Gallo community is estimated at between 28,300 and 200,000 speakers. The language is taught on a non-compulsory basis in some schools, high-schools and universities, particularly in
8656:
9019:
8990:
4624:
era. During the Briton emigration to Brittany, several Christian missionaries, mostly Welsh, came in the region and founded dioceses. They are known as the "Seven founder saints":
3003:
However, several institutions have backed the reunification, such as the regional council of Brittany since 2008 and the Loire-Atlantique council since 2001. Some politicians like
3805:
A bilingual approach has also been implemented in some state schools after 1979, and some Catholic schools have done the same after 1990. Besides, Brittany, with the neighbouring
3774:
succeeded in passing a law which made primary education in France free, non-clerical (laïque) and mandatory. Thus, free schools were opened in almost every villages of Brittany.
11339:
188:
2864:. The communes and the départements have a local council elected by their citizens, but arrondissements and cantons are not run by elected officials. The cantons serve as an
8713:
5799:
3031:
Until the end of the 20th century, Brittany had been characterised by a strong Catholic and conservative influence. However, some areas such as the industrial region around
4581:, where Gallo is not promoted at all by the local authorities, many people do not even know the word "Gallo" and have no idea that it has writing systems and publications.
9544:
5107:, the medieval style never totally disappeared. However, local innovations permitted some changes and the birth of a particular style. Its most distinctive feature is the
3802:. They have taught a few thousand young people from elementary school to high school, and they have gained more fame owing to their high level of results in school exams.
2263:, the conservative values were strongly reasserted. When the Republic was re-established in 1871, there were rumours that Breton troops were mistrusted and mistreated at
11899:
7223:
in 1316. Ermine had been used in Brittany long before, and there is no clue to its origin. It was probably chosen by the dukes because of its similarity with the French
7192:. Since the 1920s, the flag has become very popular and it is flown from a large number of institutions. Apart from the ermine flag, Breton historic banners include the
5774:
were very rare before 1850. At that time, local writers started to collect and publish local tales and legends and wrote original works. Published between 1925 and the
10093:
7763:
4727:, a 13th-century priest, called Saint-Yves in French and Sant-Erwan in Breton, can also be considered as a patron saint. His feast, 19 May, is Brittany's national day.
4296:(in shades of grey), where the Gallo language is traditionally spoken. The changing shades indicate the advance of Gallo and French, and retreat of Breton from 900 AD.
8052:
3791:, and the two were strongly depreciated. Humiliating practices aimed at stamping out the Breton language and culture prevailed in state schools until the late 1960s.
1458:
and pirates. At the same time, the local economy collapsed and many farming estates were abandoned. To face the invasions, many towns and cities were fortified, like
8544:
7243:
was hunting with her court when she saw a white ermine who preferred to die than to cross a dirty marsh. This episode would have inspired the duchess' motto :
9599:
8597:
8414:
5397:, which started to emerge in the 1850s and lasted until the beginning of the 20th century, had a decisive influence on modern painting. The artists who settled in
4462:. Most of them are very similar to each other, with only some phonetic and lexical differences. The three main dialects spoken in the western end of Brittany are:
1252:
may have been written from a local usage preserving the name of the former people in the vernacular oral language from a reading of an ancient Greek orthography).
9620:
7291:
is a common abbreviation for "Breizh" ("Brittany" in Breton) and people often put BZH stickers on their car-plates, although it is forbidden under French laws.
2903:
Several drafts for French regions had been proposed since the 1920s, and the definitive regions were drawn in 1956. The new Brittany had four départements, and
11921:
3931:. Brittany is the first region in France for fishing. The activity employs around 15,000 people, and more than 2500 firms work in fish and seafood processing.
8694:
2376:
only surrendered on 10 and 11 May 1945, several days after the German capitulation. The two port towns had been virtually destroyed by Allied air raids, like
8974:
From a fairytale fortress in the Loire to a clifftop stronghold in Provence, these charming, historic villages make perfect bases for exploring rural France
8751:
7980:
6656:. They traditionally replaced bread as basic food and they can be served with cheese, sausages, bacon, mushrooms or eggs. They can be accompanied by Breton
4537:
Gallo is spoken on the eastern half of Brittany. It is not itself a Celtic language. Like French, it is also descended from Latin (and is classified in the
9188:(including data from 2007: 172,000 speakers in Lower Brittany; slightly under 200,000 in whole Brittany; 206,000 including students in bilingual education)
7184:
speaking dioceses. The flag was created to replace the traditional ermine plain standard, considered too aristocratic and royalist. It was inspired by the
6652:
are the two most well-known Breton dishes. The crêpes, made and served with butter, are eaten for dessert and the galettes are usually salty and made with
5770:
Breton literature before the 19th century was mostly oral. The oral tradition entertained by medieval poets died out during the 15th century and books in
1882:
to invade England and the Bretons formed over a third of the landing force in 1066. They received large estates there (e.g. William's double-second cousin
9286:
9133:
8798:
7855:
2306:
Famously, signs in schools read: "It is forbidden to speak Breton and to spit on the floor" ("Il est interdit de parler Breton et de cracher par terre").
1707:.) Although the details remain confused, these colonies consisted of related and intermarried dynasties which repeatedly unified (as by the 7th-century
9557:
6096:
offer similar collections, with large quantities of French painting together with the works of some Italian and Dutch artists. The Museum of Fine Arts
3206:
in the Monts d'Arrée, at 385 m (1,263 ft). It is closely followed by several neighbouring hills culminating at around 384 m above sea level.
1656:
have suggested a two-wave model of migration from Britain which saw the emergence of an independent Breton people and established the dominance of the
9365:
3164:
region. Because of this continuity, the Breton border with the rest of France is not marked by any strong geographical landmark, apart from the river
221:
9032:
6571:
and in other French regions, is also related to pétanque, but players use iron disks instead of balls and they have to throw them on a wooden board.
4101:
had around 1,394,909 inhabitants, thus historical Brittany's population can be estimated at 4,713,813, the highest in its history. The population in
3386:. The present Breton landscape did not acquire its final shape before one million years ago. The Breton subsoil is characterised by a huge amount of
3110:. It is around 34,030 km (13,140 sq mi) and stretches toward the northwest and the Atlantic Ocean. It is bordered to the north by the
2029:. Anne unsuccessfully tried to preserve Breton independence, but she died in 1514, and the union between the two crowns was formally carried out by
1870:(who was Æthelstan's nephew and had returned from England in the same year as Alan II) and thus Brittany ceased to be a kingdom and became a duchy.
8209:
7316:
7180:
spots (their number may vary) and nine stripes, the black ones represent the Breton speaking historical dioceses, and the white ones symbolise the
7083:
There are ferry services that take passengers, vehicles and freight to Ireland, the United Kingdom and the Channel Islands. The main companies are
9047:
8660:
4001:
The unemployment rate in Brittany is lower than in other French regions and it is usually around 6 or 7% of the active population. Because of the
9212:
2723:, 17 times. The Court and the government were also very mobile, and each dynasty favoured its own castles and estates. The dukes mostly lived in
811:
9670:
7723:
3481:. Most of these birds breed on isolated islands and rocks and thus are hard to observe. The inland is home to common European species including
2133:
1866:
Alan II totally expelled the Vikings from Brittany and recreated a strong Breton state. For aiding in removing the problem, Alan paid homage to
12411:
7829:
5897:
5577:
4117:
and the south are the more attractive areas, whereas the population is declining in the centre and in the westernmost parts. While most of the
3378:
and rivers started to fill the valleys with alluvial deposits. The valleys themselves were a result of a strong tectonic activity between the
2052:
From the 15th to the 18th century, Brittany reached an economic golden age. The region was located on the seaways near Spain, England and the
1391:
in 13 BC. Gallic towns and villages were redeveloped according to Roman standards, and several cities were created. These cities are Condate (
5477:
Since the early 1970s, Brittany has experienced a tremendous revival of its folk music. Numerous festivals were created, along with smaller
8957:
11929:
7239:
at the end of the 14th century. It appeared later on numerous locations, including churches and castles. According to popular traditions,
658:
and others, which date to the early 5th millennium BC. Today, the historical province of Brittany is split among five French departments:
3858:
8388:
4967:, castles and half-timbered houses visible in villages, towns and cities. Several Breton towns still have their medieval walls, such as
11914:
9254:
7432:
8822:
7368:
7264:'s music and that of "Bro Goth agan Tasow" (the national anthem of Cornwall; its lyrics were written at the end of the 19th century).
2333:. However, the audience of these movements remained very low and their ideas did not reach a large public until the 20th century. The
11824:
9791:
9762:
8567:
7469:
1613:, the Praetorian Prefect of Gaul, and subsequently ambushed by Euric's army. After a long battle, the Armorican survivors escaped to
2200:. Brittany essentially lost all its special privileges that existed under the Duchy. Three years later, the area became a centre of
1541:
The history behind such an establishment is unclear, but medieval Breton, Angevin and Welsh sources connect it to a figure known as
693:
At the 2010 census, the population of historic Brittany was estimated to be 4,475,295. In 2017, the largest metropolitan areas were
4042:
is around 26 billion euros, and the GDP of the five historical Breton départements would be at around 108 billion euros.
3749:, more devoted to culture and science, and the faculties progressively moved there after 1735. The transfer was interrupted by the
3149:, in the south. Brittany has over 2,860 km (1,780 mi) of coastline; it represents a third of the total French coastline.
729:
is supported by half of the inhabitants of Brittany and of Loire-Atlantique, and is considered a prerequisite to further autonomy.
12155:
9150:
9125:
8717:
4762:, a church or any sacred place. Some Pardons are reputed for their length, and they all finish by large meals and popular feasts.
3866:
3703:
2329:(URB) and later to independence movements linked to Irish, Welsh, and Scottish and Cornish independence parties in the UK, and to
1001:
found in the whole of Western Europe. Their only original feature was a distinct culture, called "Colombanian". One of the oldest
11844:
11834:
6957:
6202:
Brittany has a vibrant calendar of festivals and events. It hosts some of France's biggest contemporary music festivals, such as
1637:
in the 5th and 6th centuries to seek refuge from the Anglo-Saxon invaders. It is from this event that Brittany derives its name.
9101:
11864:
11849:
11839:
4747:
3990:. Brittany is the second French region for telecommunication and the fifth for electronics, two activities mainly developed in
7754:
11907:
11854:
10238:
9339:
9075:"Démographie – Population sans doubles comptes au recensement: Loire-Atlantique (série rétropolée 1851–1962) – série arrêtée"
8512:
7892:
7707:
5393:
Because of its distinct culture and natural landscape, Brittany has inspired many French artists since the 19th century. The
4056:
Tourism is particularly important for the seacoast and Brittany is one of the most visited regions in France. In April 2019,
1890:). The Bretons helped to liberate the Cornish, replacing Anglo-Saxon land owners. Some of these lords were powerful rivals.
1768:. These realms eventually merged into a single state during the 9th century. The unification of Brittany was carried out by
12321:
8852:
8056:
4248:
1152:. The south bank of the river was occupied by an allied tribe, the Ambilatres, whose existence and territory remain unsure.
8894:
3145:
with some forty islands that is almost a closed sea. In total, around 800 islands lie off the mainland; the largest being
11859:
8552:
5854:
4541:
branch), but has some Celtic influences, particularly in its vocabulary, whereas French has influences from both Celtic (
2659:, four dioceses were suppressed and the five remaining ones were modified to have the same administrative borders as the
1968:
against France in 1488, mostly because of its internal divisions that were exacerbated by the corruption at the court of
9253:
André Le Coq & Philippe Blanchet (2005). Centre de Recherche sur la DiversitéLinguistique de la Francophonie (ed.).
8879:
8601:
8421:
7508:
Modern Brittany - Illustration from Legends & Romances of Brittany by Lewis Spence, illustrated by W. Otway Cannell.
6973:
6239:
5782:
favoured a modern Breton literature and helped translating widely known novels into Breton. After the war, the journal
2041:, Brittany and France were governed as separate countries but under the same crown, so Breton aristocrats in the French
30:
This article is about the cultural region in the northwest of France. For the current French administrative region, see
4228:. Nevertheless, since the 1990s, Rennes has consistently ranked as one of France's fastest growing metropolitan areas.
2811:
17:
6783:
Until the 1970s, the Breton road network was poor because maritime and rail transport prevailed. The French president
5081:, the last permanent residence of the dukes, which displays the transition from late Gothic to Renaissance style. The
11322:
11135:
9624:
9569:
8487:
8322:
8297:
8159:
7417:
6365:
6243:
5866:
5310:, made between the 17th and the 19th century. Breton sculptors were also famous for their ship models that served as
5073:
occurred when Brittany lost its independence. The Renaissance architecture is almost absent in the region, except in
4002:
3221:("by the forest"). The best soils were primitively covered by large forests which had been progressively replaced by
1043:
881:
505:
7629:
6707:
and used in butter and milk caramels. The region is notable for its biscuit factories, many towns having their own:
6347:
6045:
5557:
In the 1960s, several Breton artists started to use contemporary patterns to create a Breton pop music. Among them,
5438:
8698:
7487:
6173:
5673:
4448:
4262:
4221:
4157:
4102:
4094:
4086:
4018:
4006:
3257:
2958:
2924:
2896:, because of its population and its former Breton capital status, would have maintained a harmful competition with
2869:
2868:
district for the election of the département councils and arrondissements are run by a subprefect appointed by the
2821:
2803:
2783:
2446:
that appeared at the beginning of the Middle Ages. They were often called "pays" or "bro" ("country" in French and
2396:
2010:
1621:, after which they are lost to history. According to Breton king-lists, Riotham survived and reigned as Prince of
1566:
869:
687:
210:
31:
3763:: the "collèges" and the "lycées" which were opened in numerous towns to educate boys and form a new elite. A new
1039:
in Brittany did not happen due to a radical change of population, but by slow immigration and exchange of skills.
12610:
10314:
9724:
8378:
Joël Cornette, Le marquis et le Régent. Une conspiration bretonne à l'aube des Lumières, Paris, Tallandier, 2008.
7514:
6420:
4404:
4301:
3842:
3838:
3269:
1634:
12379:
9395:
9279:
7645:
5182:
were usually used for roofing. During the 19th century, the Breton architecture was mainly characterised by the
5078:
2775:
2676:
12605:
12401:
7859:
7447:
7248:
6953:
6949:
6343:
5957:, was founded in 1856. Its collections are mainly dedicated to the history of the region. Museums dedicated to
5314:
and for their richly decorated furniture, which features naïve Breton characters and traditional patterns. The
3830:
1336:(Aquitaine); the location of the Ambibarii is unknown. The Caletes are sometimes also considered Belgians, and
6124:
4992:
3079:
2923:. In 1972, the regions received their present competencies, with an elected regional council. Since then, the
2116:(1719). Both arose from attempts to resist centralisation and assert Breton constitutional exceptions to tax.
2109:
899:
in two different ways, according to their region of origin. Breton can be divided into two main dialects: the
12724:
11305:
9051:
8943:
7028:
6969:
6053:
5985:
5082:
5048:
4451:. However, the number of children attending bilingual classes has risen 33% between 2006 and 2012 to 14,709.
3760:
3422:, despite their low elevation, have much more rainfall than the rest of the region. The south coast, between
1937:
English diplomatic failures led to the Breton cavalry commanders Arthur, Comte de Richemont (later to become
6470:
are one of few professional teams in northern France. They currently play in the top tier of French Rugby,
1797:. The Bretons won another war in 867, and the kingdom reached then its maximum extent: It received parts of
1015:
settled in Brittany around 35,000 years ago. They replaced or absorbed the Neanderthals and developed local
11578:
9373:
6961:
6497:, where a prestigious school is located. A great number of Bretons have become acclaimed sailors, such as:
5692:
4358:
3959:
3454:
Brittany is a peninsula, the number of species is lower in its western extremity than in the eastern part.
3052:
2928:
1981:
1969:
1938:
1750:
601:
6534:
6265:, which occurs in many places around Saint-Yves's day (19 May), and during the Festival de Cornouaille in
122:
10778:
10038:
8794:
7958:[Half of the inhabitants of the 5 Breton departments in favour of integrating Loire-Atlantique].
7699:
6578:
5318:
is the most famous Breton piece of furniture. The Breton style had a strong revival between 1900 and the
5183:
12055:
12035:
8213:
5699:, is sung entirely in Breton and is about the legend of Katel Kollet, a lady who dances with the devil.
3818:
11349:
11224:
10829:
10798:
10178:
8080:
Le " Colombanien ": un faciès régional du Paléolithique inférieur sur le littoral armoricano-atlantique
7220:
6219:
6211:
5988:
owns a large collection of Egyptian, Greek and Roman antiquities as well as drawings and engravings by
4956:
4310:
of the French Republic, is spoken today by the vast majority in Brittany, for whom it is usually their
4192:
had under 25,000 inhabitants. Brittany is also characterised by a great number of small towns, such as
2916:
2415:
and water pollution from intensive pig farming favoured new movements to protect the natural heritage.
2125:
1942:
1802:
1746:
9219:
8766:
3312:. Between the Cadomian and Hercynian periods, the region was submerged several times and the sea left
857:"), was used until the 12th century. It possibly means "wide and flat" or "to expand" and it gave the
11310:
11145:
10773:
9200:
7731:
7236:
7185:
6941:
6792:
6696:
6339:
6281:
5929:
5344:
5134:, which was at the time the biggest French harbour, received a theatre, large avenues and quays, and
5127:
5036:
5028:
3611:
2940:
2852:
1945:
playing key roles on the French side during the deciding stages of the war (including the battles of
1856:
726:
39:
11110:
9015:
8529:
7833:
7388:
4715:
region. The proportion of students attending Catholic private schools is the highest in France. The
4193:
3664:
The Breton forests, dunes, moorlands and marshes are home to several iconic plants, such as endemic
2708:
12580:
11650:
11084:
11060:
10386:
6328:
6132:
5630:
group from Paris has strong Breton and Celtic inspirations. You can also find the well known group
5040:
3044:
2326:
2148:
Province of Brittany (1789) - showing internal borders of five new departments: Côtes-du-Nord (now
1919:
253:
12326:
8253:
7618:
The Visigoths' version of events was that they had saved the Roman empire from a British invasion.
7402:
6787:
implemented a major road construction plan in the 1970 and Brittany received over 10 billion
6749:("butter cake" in Breton) made with bread dough and high quantities of butter and sugar, and the
6395:, cycling and sailing are the three most popular sports in Brittany. Major football teams are the
4794:, symbolically making the reverse journey of the Welshmen Sant Paol, Sant Brieg, and Sant Samzun.
4533:
Signs in Gallo are very rare and the writing systems they use are unknown by most of the speakers.
3649:. The region also has its own breeds of cattle, some of which are on the brink of extinction: the
1903:
with French as its official language in the 13th century, 300 years before France did so, and the
1841:
in 909. Nantes was seized by the Vikings in 914. At this time Brittany was also called Lydwiccum.
134:
12714:
11965:
11361:
11009:
10555:
10269:
10088:
9978:
8986:
7641:
7353:
6739:. They usually make their biscuits with salted butter and sell them in iron boxes. Famous Breton
6332:
6301:
6270:
6188:
5024:
4596:
3607:
3015:, favour instead the creation of a "Greater West region", which would encompass Brittany and the
2787:
1432:
1016:
775:
9646:
7785:
7338:
5408:
4827:
to have a strong Catholic population, around 70% of its inhabitants belonging to that religion.
3194:, at 417 m, and slopes towards the west before straightening on its western extremity, with the
1006:
12688:
12530:
11829:
11748:
11711:
10783:
10068:
10063:
7956:"La moitié des habitants de la Bretagne à 5 favorable à un rattachement de la Loire-Atlantique"
6945:
6795:
were built, permitting Breton road transport to multiply by four. The Breton motorways are not
6736:
6378:
5356:
4918:
4914:
4742:
Many distinctive traditions and customs have also been preserved in Brittany. Among them, the "
4357:
in Scotland. Both have been recognised as "Langues de Bretagne" (languages of Brittany) by the
4025:. It was the ninth richest region in France and it produced 4% of the national GDP. The Breton
3854:
3727:
3552:
2057:
2014:
2002:
1958:
1838:
1545:. Welsh literary sources assert that Conan came to Armorica on the orders of the Roman usurper
1383:
off the coast of Brittany. At the conclusion of the Gallic Wars, the region became part of the
1229:
1072:
802:
around 320 BC. The Greek word itself comes from the common Brythonic ethnonym reconstructed as
787:
8920:
7693:
7394:
5905:
5020:
5012:
4078:
4029:
was around 29,694 euros in 2018. It was lower than the French result, 30,266 euros, below the
3759:
reorganised the French education system in 1808. He created new universities and invented two
3096:
12525:
12311:
12180:
11595:
11410:
11155:
11055:
10426:
10264:
10243:
9679:
9522:
8987:"Comparateur de territoire: Région de Bretagne (53), Département de la Loire-Atlantique (44)"
8392:
5044:
5011:. Most of the Breton castles were rebuilt between the 13th and the 15th century, such as the
4872:
4621:
3462:
2892:
than with the Breton peninsula. The French government and local politicians also feared that
2408:
2346:
2314:
2299:
2177:
2139:
2113:
1923:
1879:
1050:, it is sometimes designated as the "core area" of megalithic culture. The oldest monuments,
110:
9261:
8615:
7247:("rather death than dishonour"). The motto has later been reused by Breton regiments, local
6732:
6478:
5945:
and written in the second half of the twentieth century, are set in Armorica, now Brittany.
5608:
5442:
5207:
5052:
4996:
4692:
1625:
until his death sometime between 500 and 520, though this may have been a different person.
12346:
12331:
12070:
12010:
11738:
11610:
11344:
10994:
10391:
10309:
10118:
10043:
8826:
7556:
7439:
7287:
headdress and the traditional black round hat, the fisherman and his yellow raincoat, etc.
7068:
6514:
6416:
6392:
5989:
5155:
4073:
3850:
3822:
3764:
3735:
3723:
3698:
2424:
2260:
2085:
1931:
1648:
community around the 6th century. The sea was a communication medium rather than a barrier.
1583:
1526:
1510:
1036:
873:
655:
384:
12361:
8571:
7256:
6944:. Destination served include the United Kingdom, Italy, Germany, Ireland and Morocco. The
6703:, is often served with fish. Brittany is also known for its salt, mainly harvested around
6679:
Surrounded by the sea, Brittany offers a wide range of fresh seafood and fish, especially
5328:
4730:
4632:
4482:
3078:
remains a right-wing stronghold. The local parties have a very small audience, except the
2621:
2450:) and they also served as fiscal and military districts. Brittany is also divided between
1825:
at the beginning of the 10th century. The kingdom lost its eastern territories, including
1684:
1232:
is located; however the city of Redon was founded around AD 832 under the initial name of
179:
8:
12135:
12085:
12065:
11980:
11937:
11887:
11625:
11494:
11424:
11405:
11384:
11317:
11140:
11014:
10834:
10819:
10814:
10768:
10743:
10416:
10304:
10289:
10103:
9922:
9717:
9255:"Pratiques et représentations de la langue et de la culture régionales en Haute Bretagne"
6827:
6542:
6494:
6443:
6104:. Contemporary sculptures can be seen in the park around the Château de Kerguéhennec, in
6101:
5901:
5676:
was one of the first western European composers to be influenced by what is now known as
5112:
4688:
4601:
4375:
4051:
3770:
In the meantime, several laws were promoted to open schools, notably for girls. In 1882,
3693:
3603:
3347:. Changes in sea levels and climate led to a strong erosion and to the formation of more
3048:
2993:
2688:
2268:
2030:
2026:
1954:
1725:
1657:
1645:
1028:
972:
718:
714:
609:
593:
11024:
6251:
6194:
6057:
6009:
5909:
5815:
5763:
are also said to have lived in Brittany. Another major Breton legend is the story about
5039:. The most impressive castles can be seen along the border with France, where stand the
5016:
4832:
4538:
4150:
3923:, potatoes, tomatoes...). Cereals are mostly grown for cattle feeding. Wine, especially
3419:
3261:
3199:
3190:
The Armorican Massif reaches its maximum elevation outside of Brittany, in neighbouring
3184:
3067:
2643:
2610:
2543:
2181:
2149:
1695:
are in most cases identical to their British homelands. (In Breton and French, however,
1169:
1108:
663:
12515:
12394:
12316:
12175:
11955:
11791:
11522:
11415:
11379:
11300:
11255:
11150:
10976:
10867:
10824:
10753:
10560:
10335:
10098:
10083:
10078:
10073:
9983:
9840:
9796:
9157:
9122:
7637:
7261:
7197:
6803:
6802:
The main road artery linking cities and other settlements along the north coast is the
6538:
6400:
6169:
6069:
6049:
6005:
5760:
5536:
5070:
4189:
3826:
3809:
region, remains a stronghold for Catholic private education with around 1,400 schools.
3799:
3677:
3658:
3532:
3387:
2997:
2861:
2428:
2129:
1993:
is regarded in Brittany as a conscientious ruler who defended the duchy against France.
1950:
1867:
1790:
1570:"like rain". After the battle was won, Aetius sent the Alans to Armorica and Galicia.
1388:
1380:
994:
722:
8856:
5850:
5846:
5834:
5712:
5378:
is known worldwide for its bowls and plates painted by hand, and other towns, such as
4314:. However, French was not widely known in the region before the 19th century, and two
4220:, with 69,993 inhabitants. Loire-Atlantique's population is more rapidly growing than
3654:
3280:
2687:
Brittany has several historical capital cities. When it was an independent duchy, the
2304:
were not allowed to speak Breton at school, and were punished by teachers if they did.
2046:
1020:
943:
together. In 1941, efforts to unify the dialects led to the creation of the so-called
650:
Brittany is the site of some of the world's oldest standing architecture, home to the
12709:
12575:
12550:
12005:
11941:
11932:
11655:
11630:
11620:
11356:
11329:
11210:
11065:
11050:
11045:
11004:
10999:
10904:
10793:
10748:
10738:
10730:
10401:
10355:
10345:
10186:
10013:
9993:
9952:
9565:
9105:
8508:
8483:
8318:
8293:
8155:
8116:
7888:
7703:
7633:
7177:
7116:
6784:
6756:
6510:
6467:
6452:
6408:
6177:
6073:
5842:
5748:
5720:
5669:
5582:
5454:
5437:. Before them, Brittany had also been visited by Academic and Romantic painters like
5230:
4743:
4550:
4546:
4459:
4315:
4307:
4118:
4105:
had grown by 0.9% between 1999 and 2000, and the growth rate reached more than 1% in
3934:
3750:
3650:
3556:
3490:
3457:
A variety of seabirds can be seen close to the seaside, which is home to colonies of
3355:
is responsible for the distinctive local blue schist and for the rich subsoil of the
3004:
2857:
2841:
2656:
2233:
2173:
1887:
1850:
1489:
1032:
825:
included what is now Brittany. This was an indefinite region that extended along the
605:
597:
577:
101:
8853:"La Bretagne a un taux de chômage faible, mais qui ne profite pas assez aux seniors"
5997:
5921:
5870:
2274:
1708:
1067:, on the southern coast, comprises a large share of these structures, including the
12667:
12560:
12540:
12480:
12368:
12145:
12080:
11684:
11645:
11600:
11587:
11507:
11486:
11389:
11334:
11019:
10839:
10758:
10570:
10350:
10284:
10174:
10053:
10048:
10018:
9988:
9942:
9904:
9770:
9332:
8106:
7671:
7593:
7298:
7240:
7165:
7084:
7072:
7067:. TER Bretagne also manages coach lines and connections between Rennes and Nantes.
6989:
6203:
6165:
6158:
5775:
5740:
5684:
5394:
5319:
5303:
had been the main inspiration for Breton artists. The region has a great number of
5269:
and rebuilt afterwards, and in the works of the Breton nationalist architects like
5266:
5004:
4952:
4856:
4828:
4814:
4758:
of the parish's saint. The penitents form a procession and they walk together to a
4724:
4712:
4578:
4570:
4563:
4542:
4392:
4388:
4233:
4209:
4098:
4034:
4010:
3870:
3862:
3817:
During the 20th century, tertiary education was developed with the creation of the
3806:
3407:
3348:
3336:
3317:
3305:
3293:
3195:
3175:
3161:
3153:
3138:
3134:
3056:
3051:, have become more powerful after the 1970s and they have formed a majority in the
3043:
are traditional Socialist and Communist strongholds. Left-wing parties, mainly the
3020:
3016:
2989:
2985:
2962:
2950:
2945:
2908:
2904:
2885:
2833:
2829:
2807:
2791:
2489:
2404:
2342:
2193:
2161:
2022:
2006:
1990:
1794:
1696:
1324:
and the Ambibarii. The Unelli, Caletes, and Lemovices were respectively located in
1225:
1217:
1141:
1128:
683:
679:
675:
628:
476:
127:
9181:
8271:
6724:
5917:
5647:
5430:
5270:
2438:
Brittany as a political entity disappeared in 1790, when it was divided into five
2229:
2038:
1653:
12565:
12520:
12409:
12025:
11727:
11665:
11605:
11568:
11540:
11502:
11467:
11447:
11230:
11220:
11205:
11092:
10899:
10763:
10526:
10381:
10340:
10330:
10169:
10108:
10028:
10023:
10008:
10003:
9916:
9314:
9129:
8738:
8446:
7882:
7585:
7330:
7203:
7173:
6965:
6574:
6463:
6447:
6431:
6081:
6061:
6025:
5838:
5787:
5771:
5756:
5736:
5657:
5616:
5514:. It is the only one that does not take part to the annual bagadoù competitions.
5495:
5375:
5032:
5008:
4899:
4876:
4852:
4840:
4672:
4585:
4455:
4384:
4370:
4350:
4342:
4338:
4327:
4319:
4138:
4106:
3939:
3784:
3681:
3584:
3572:
3478:
3470:
3458:
3233:
3142:
3111:
3060:
2744:
2561:
2525:
2521:
2507:
2457:
2447:
2365:
2337:
movement, created in 1923, permitted a Breton artistic revival but its ties with
2291:
2279:
2237:
2189:
2157:
2077:
1946:
1904:
1830:
1810:
1806:
1756:
At the beginning of the medieval era, Brittany was divided among three kingdoms,
1660:
1485:
1277:
1188:
927:
917:
842:
826:
746:
742:
667:
620:
547:
535:
522:
445:
79:
65:
35:
8596:
Emmanuèle Savelli. Portail de l'information environnementale en Bretagne (ed.).
8353:"Óttar's Story – A Dublin Viking in Brittany, England and Ireland, A.D. 902-918"
7676:
L'aventure des langues en Occident: Leur origine, leur histoire, leur géographie
6502:
6498:
6138:
5925:
4765:
2176:
that began in 1789 - and in 1790 the province of Brittany was divided into five
1533:, which is why the Breton language is more closely related to recorded Cornish.
725:
seeks greater autonomy within the French Republic, or independence from it. The
12641:
12585:
12535:
12336:
12050:
12030:
11766:
11756:
11732:
11679:
11635:
11550:
11530:
11512:
11457:
11452:
11420:
11265:
11245:
11070:
10971:
10950:
10945:
10582:
10516:
10511:
10500:
10481:
10475:
10471:
10279:
10274:
10233:
10160:
10146:
10058:
10033:
9998:
9957:
9947:
9883:
9870:
9810:
9754:
9746:
9737:
9710:
8898:
8095:"Current debates on the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in Britain and Ireland"
7521:
7232:
7208:
7181:
7124:
7020:
6568:
6556:
6552:
6518:
6427:
6247:
6041:
5881:
5542:
5332:
5226:
5171:
5163:
5104:
5074:
4751:
4746:" are one of the most traditional demonstrations of popular Catholicism. These
4613:
4605:
4558:
4524:
4396:
4354:
4323:
4293:
4289:
4030:
4026:
3795:
3788:
3742:
3646:
3588:
3498:
3383:
3152:
The region is generally hilly because it corresponds to the western end of the
3091:
3008:
2981:
2977:
2912:
2756:
2573:
2474:
2467:
2466:("Haute Bretagne" and "Breizh Uhel"), corresponding to the eastern half, where
2462:
2456:("Basse Bretagne" and "Breizh Izel"), corresponding to the western half, where
2452:
2322:
2033:
in 1532. He granted several privileges to Brittany, such as exemption from the
1911:
1779:
1704:
1700:
1562:
1558:
1546:
1542:
1384:
877:
858:
750:
710:
640:
552:
91:
9099:
7786:"Tableaux de l'économie française, Édition 2020, Villes et communes de France"
7326:
6581:
team representing Brittany against other European 'counties' such as Galicia.
5893:
5732:
5507:
5468:
5360:
5146:
built many mansions called "Malouinières" around their town. Along the coast,
5085:, a former fortress, was transformed into a vast palace in the Italian style.
4823:
4515:
According to a 1999 INSEE survey, 12% of the adults of Brittany speak Breton.
4225:
4038:
3237:
2846:
2660:
2439:
1360:
1264:
1192:
1164:
1132:
1116:
1063:
12703:
12485:
12387:
12090:
11990:
11563:
11535:
11442:
11434:
11176:
11128:
10914:
10862:
10591:
10531:
10521:
10421:
10396:
10182:
8120:
7689:
7561:
7542:
7302:
7112:
7016:
6909:
6905:
6897:
6847:
6819:
6788:
6530:
6435:
6143:
6089:
6085:
6029:
6021:
6017:
5942:
5795:
5752:
5627:
5624:
5620:
5612:
5596:
5569:
5566:
5546:
5519:
5434:
5414:
5352:
5348:
5340:
5274:
5258:
5254:
5000:
4903:
4668:
4628:
4349:. Because of their origins and practice, Breton and Gallo can be compared to
4346:
4311:
4217:
4165:
4122:
3975:
3967:
3955:
3912:
3896:
3669:
3614:. The larger Breton mammals died out during the modern period, including the
3596:
3576:
3524:
3446:
exhibiting its characteristic horizontal basking behaviour several miles off
3443:
3403:
3379:
3285:
3115:
3032:
2377:
2369:
2330:
2061:
2042:
1774:
1742:
1664:
1444:
1420:
1376:
1297:
1293:
1285:
1256:
1068:
987:
799:
783:
702:
632:
616:
581:
291:
286:
236:
223:
8448:
Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l'ouest, (Anjou, Maine, Poitou, Touraine)
8082:. Vol. 90. Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française. p. 284.
7408:
6863:
6830:
performs a similar role along the south coast providing connections between
6589:
5913:
5219:
5088:
4817:, during the urbanisation of Brittany. A poll conducted in 2006 showed that
4121:
are growing, the cities themselves tend to stagnate or regress, such as for
3874:
1605:, Riothamus had led twelve thousand men to establish a military presence in
1083:
1047:
418:
12545:
12460:
11881:
11674:
11462:
10986:
10940:
10879:
10788:
10565:
10543:
10536:
9973:
9898:
9888:
9820:
9689:
The official website for Brittany Tourism – Brittany Regional Tourist Board
9333:"Éléments d'analyse géographique de l'implantation des religions en France"
7494:
7224:
7048:
6850:. The Route nationale 164 crosses the centre of the peninsula and connects
6811:
6745:
6720:
6692:
6522:
6382:
6292:
international science fiction festival is held in the same city. Brest and
6151:
6013:
5993:
5885:
5877:
5862:
5807:
5637:
5592:
5558:
5550:
5458:
5426:
5418:
5402:
5293:
5158:. In rural areas, Breton houses remained simple, with a single floor and a
5108:
5063:
4716:
4658:
4652:
4529:
4185:
4130:
4057:
3951:
3889:
3638:
3509:
3494:
3486:
3474:
3352:
2889:
2888:, raised concerns because they were off-centered, more integrated with the
2671:
2539:
2361:
2357:
2295:
2217:
2065:
2009:
married without the king of France's consent. Nonetheless, she married the
1329:
1301:
1159:, who lived in the western part of Brittany. Their territory comprised the
1100:
1092:
1012:
782:
since the 1st century to refer to Great Britain, and more specifically the
779:
316:
12200:
12105:
10165:
7930:
6777:
5823:
4844:
4285:
4142:
3504:
3308:. At the same time, an intense volcanic activity left large quantities of
3146:
3100:
3071:
2625:
2606:
2185:
2153:
2140:
The French Revolution of 1789 – Division of Brittany into five departments
1860:
1480:
1160:
659:
12430:
12240:
11995:
11796:
11781:
11182:
11101:
10909:
10894:
10884:
10857:
10683:
10636:
10548:
10294:
9911:
9815:
9702:
9151:"Les Bretons, les habitants de Loire-Atlantique et la question régionale"
8077:
7108:
6669:
6506:
6459:
6147:
6065:
5889:
5858:
5803:
5724:
5677:
5665:
5604:
5562:
5515:
5511:
5422:
5383:
5336:
5300:
5234:
5195:
5187:
4951:
Brittany has a large number of medieval buildings. They include numerous
4412:
4408:
3771:
3642:
3548:
3360:
3288:, one of the westernmost extents of both Brittany and Metropolitan France
3226:
3019:
region. Polls show that 58% of the Bretons and 62% of the inhabitants in
2353:
2264:
2243:
2205:
2053:
1761:
1676:
1372:
1204:
in Breton language, in the center of the département) and to the town of
1024:
998:
904:
12255:
12250:
12235:
12230:
12205:
12020:
10451:
10217:
8638:"Les oiseaux marins: des falaises, des îlots, des embruns et des plumes"
8502:
7360:
7031:. TGV services also link the region with major cities in France such as
6704:
6560:
5739:. There, ruins of a castle surrounded by a lake are associated with the
4984:
4968:
4847:
were at around 65%. Other religions are almost non-existent, apart from
4802:
harvest. Sometimes he is on foot but mostly he travels with a cart, the
4642:
4493:
3301:
3040:
2816:
2752:
2740:
2712:
2696:
2639:
2349:
during World War II weakened Breton nationalism in the post-war period.
2221:
2025:. After he died childless, the duchess had to marry his heir and cousin
1778:. Among the immigrant Britons, there were some clergymen who helped the
1757:
1668:
1514:
1497:
12555:
12475:
12425:
12290:
12130:
11719:
11707:
11160:
11124:
10924:
10889:
10849:
10441:
10203:
10194:
8463:
7375:
7345:
7268:
7189:
7128:
7100:
7096:
7036:
7008:
6917:
6875:
6751:
6665:
6657:
6635:
6526:
6486:
6439:
6404:
6293:
6274:
6207:
6120:
6112:
6048:
are more dedicated to modern and contemporary art and contain works by
6037:
5958:
5499:
5367:
5323:
5211:
5199:
5143:
5139:
4976:
4972:
4933:
4810:
4786:
4781:
4720:
4704:
4662:
4216:, with 309,346 inhabitants and an urban area encompassing 972,828, and
4197:
4181:
4134:
3916:
3564:
3371:
3265:
3123:
2557:
2442:. The Breton départements more or less correspond to the nine Catholic
2381:
2334:
2283:
2225:
2097:
2073:
1883:
636:
311:
8174:
7023:, which stops at Le Mans, was completed in 2017, bringing the line to
6855:
6577:
is also a growing sport in the region, with club teams and a 'county'
5250:
5097:
4407:. Breton remained the language of the rural population, but since the
4379:
Bilingual road signs can be seen in traditional Breton-speaking areas.
3885:
2309:
2144:
1765:
1711:) before splintering again according to Celtic inheritance practices.
935:. The official spelling is a compromise between both variants, with a
12636:
12341:
12215:
12210:
12095:
12060:
11960:
11119:
10226:
9305:(in French), by Amand Guérin, Published by P. Masgana, 1842: page 238
7550:
7040:
6796:
6716:
6673:
6653:
6482:
6412:
6396:
6297:
6289:
6273:
and events celebrating local traditions, such as the Filets Bleus in
6097:
6077:
6001:
5873:
5791:
5591:, who revived traditional songs and made them popular across France.
5532:
5524:
5503:
5398:
5215:
5179:
5159:
5151:
5138:
was redesigned after a fire in 1720. At the same period, the wealthy
4960:
4922:
4755:
4274:
3943:
3920:
3623:
3540:
3528:
3523:
and Ireland, the waters of Brittany attract marine animals including
3466:
3339:
straightened and flattened several times during the formation of the
3329:
3325:
3241:
3107:
2865:
2248:
2108:
Two significant revolts occurred in the 17th and 18th centuries: the
1730:
1602:
1579:
1416:
1321:
1055:
770:
573:
369:
10431:
10132:
9497:
9399:
9252:
9016:
Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2017
8111:
8094:
7856:"Official website of the French Government Tourist Office: Brittany"
6317:
6127:
has a large annex in Brest and a submarine is opened to visitors in
5642:
4458:
has several dialects which have no precise limits but rather form a
4292:(in colours), where the Breton language is traditionally spoken and
3438:
3253:
2220:
and food processing (sugar, exotic fruits and vegetables, fish...),
1972:. Indeed, some rebel Breton lords were fighting on the French side.
1789:
secured the independence of the new kingdom of Brittany and won the
1640:
1450:
During the 3rd century AD, the region was attacked several times by
908:
615:
Brittany has also been referred to as Little Britain (as opposed to
12626:
12490:
12295:
12280:
12270:
12260:
12140:
12125:
12100:
12075:
11776:
11240:
10693:
10648:
10612:
10446:
10406:
10213:
10208:
10190:
10113:
9850:
9845:
9830:
9033:"La bonne santé de la démographie bretonne|date3 January 2011"
8352:
7284:
7193:
7156:
7088:
6928:
6887:
6823:
6688:
6626:
6601:
6231:
5970:
5962:
5651:
5631:
5588:
5479:
5387:
5285:
5246:
5238:
5093:
4929:
4907:
4883:
4818:
4774:
4735:
4416:
4400:
4253:
4146:
4110:
3924:
3756:
3715:
3619:
3595:
which destroys the ecosystem and accelerated the extinction of the
3536:
3516:
3482:
3447:
3411:
3340:
3297:
3245:
3169:
3165:
3157:
3075:
2588:
2565:
2412:
2303:
2201:
2197:
2165:
1986:
1826:
1798:
1782:
of the region, which was still pagan, particularly in rural areas.
1688:
1680:
1622:
1618:
1610:
1587:
1530:
1522:
1493:
1474:
1455:
1424:
1355:
1333:
1325:
1260:
1248:
people is highly probable but difficult to recover and the name of
1173:
1124:
1112:
1059:
821:
795:
790:
word, Πρεττανική (Prettanikḗ) or Βρεττανίαι (Brettaníai), used by
705:(321,364 inhabitants). Brittany is the traditional homeland of the
671:
651:
624:
589:
568:
399:
169:
11985:
10461:
9688:
8466:. Recherches et réalisations pour un art Breton moderne, 1923–1947
6645:
5370:, which can be seen on its numerous headdress models, and for its
5150:
and other French architects designed several citadels, such as in
1595:
12646:
12570:
12470:
12450:
12445:
12245:
12185:
12170:
12115:
12045:
12040:
12015:
11786:
11761:
11640:
11615:
11250:
11215:
11188:
11115:
11097:
10688:
10624:
10248:
9878:
9855:
9186:
Parler Breton au XXIe siècle – Le nouveau sondage de TMO-Régions.
8477:
7606:
7479:
7461:
7280:
7120:
7104:
7092:
7064:
7060:
7056:
6933:
6859:
6843:
6839:
6815:
6712:
6708:
6649:
6593:
6490:
6266:
6235:
6215:
6128:
6116:
6093:
5937:
5827:
5819:
5811:
5779:
5600:
5528:
5491:
5371:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5304:
5262:
5229:
were created along the coast and villas and hotels were built in
5191:
5162:
pattern. They were built with local materials: mostly granite in
5123:
5119:
4964:
4937:
4925:
4471:
4201:
4173:
4169:
4126:
4060:'s travel section included two Brittany locations in its list of
3995:
3983:
3963:
3904:
3673:
3580:
3560:
3544:
3423:
3391:
3364:
3309:
3191:
3036:
2602:
2443:
2373:
2252:
2069:
2034:
1998:
1965:
1822:
1786:
1769:
1735:
1614:
1606:
1500:
that united Brittany comprised the counties along the north coast
1436:
1428:
1412:
1408:
1396:
1365:
1342:
1317:
1309:
1305:
1180:
1156:
1104:
854:
838:
791:
706:
430:
362:
357:
321:
301:
296:
152:
9498:"La Bretagne à vélo: Près de 1500 km d'itinéraires vélos !"
8135:
Statements in Stone: Monuments and Society in Neolithic Brittany
6419:. Professional footballers coming from the region also form the
6123:
are dedicated to ships and maritime traditions and history. The
5374:
production, which started at the beginning of the 18th century.
2961:
was created, several local politicians opposed the exclusion of
1975:
12600:
12465:
12455:
12440:
12435:
12265:
12220:
12190:
12120:
12110:
11970:
11771:
11558:
11340:
Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles
11260:
11235:
11199:
11193:
11106:
11029:
10955:
10874:
10376:
9860:
9805:
9683:
9396:"Le Cidre – Mediaoueg, Ar Vediaoueg – La Médiathèque"
8616:"Normales et records des stations météo de France – Infoclimat"
7807:
7632:
was wealthy, Breton dowries raised impoverished nobles such as
7424:
7322:
7276:
7272:
7196:, a white flag with a black cross, the perfect negative of the
7132:
7052:
7024:
7012:
7004:
6901:
6893:
6883:
6879:
6871:
6867:
6851:
6835:
6831:
6807:
6740:
6728:
6700:
6684:
6680:
6548:
6471:
6386:
6285:
6255:
6227:
6223:
6105:
6033:
5978:
5974:
5966:
5954:
5744:
5696:
5573:
5379:
5242:
5203:
5202:
were mostly built during the 19th century. The most famous are
5167:
5147:
5135:
5131:
4980:
4945:
4941:
4894:
4888:
4759:
4700:
4682:
4678:
4638:
4509:
4435:
4334:
4237:
4213:
4177:
4161:
4114:
4082:
3991:
3987:
3979:
3971:
3928:
3908:
3846:
3746:
3731:
3711:
3665:
3427:
3321:
3313:
3222:
3119:
3012:
2973:
2969:
2968:
The obstacles to reunification are the same as in 1956: having
2920:
2897:
2893:
2877:
2779:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2736:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2704:
2691:, which can be compared to a parliament, met in various towns:
2680:
2584:
2503:
2485:
2400:
2389:
2385:
2338:
2213:
2081:
2018:
1834:
1667:
are now known by the names of the counties that succeeded them—
1467:
1463:
1459:
1451:
1404:
1400:
1392:
1313:
1273:
1269:
1197:
1149:
1002:
912:
698:
694:
585:
391:
374:
306:
281:
276:
258:
9421:
6984:
6164:, a museum showing transatlantic interiors was installed in a
5786:
pursued that mission. Among the authors writing in Breton are
4839:, with only 50% of the population practicing Catholics, while
2470:
is traditionally spoken. The historical Breton dioceses were:
1240:
people were assimilated to Bretons; the cultural link between
494:
12720:
Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
12651:
12590:
12356:
12351:
12285:
12275:
12225:
12195:
11975:
10660:
10466:
10411:
10299:
9893:
9835:
9825:
9783:
9733:
9280:"Langue bretonne et autres langues: pratique et transmission"
9213:"Langue bretonne et autres langues: pratique et transmission"
8676:"Que sait-on des invertébrés continentaux en Bretagne ?"
7589:
7457:
7228:
7044:
6772:
6609:
6605:
5833:
Breton literature includes 19th-century historical novels by
5661:
5485:
5471:
5175:
4988:
4910:
4851:
which is practiced by between 1 and 3% of the inhabitants in
4848:
4798:
4791:
4770:
4708:
4648:
4205:
3835:École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne
3592:
3568:
3520:
3415:
3375:
3356:
3249:
2872:. The president also appoints a prefect in each département.
2748:
2732:
2700:
2692:
2093:
2072:, first spelled "L'Orient", was founded in the 17th century.
2037:, a tax on salt that was very unpopular in France. Under the
1927:
1900:
1692:
1672:
1591:
1518:
1205:
1145:
1051:
834:
830:
766:
9523:"Cycling holidays in france FAQ page for all your questions"
8053:"Bertaèyn Galeizz change de nom. Un évènement pas si anodin"
6791:
of investments during 25 years. More than 10,000 km of
4256:
distinctive headdress, one of the symbols of Breton identity
3849:, also opened classes in several Breton towns. In 1969, the
2755:. All these towns except Vannes and Guérande are located in
619:, with which it shares an etymology). It is bordered by the
12683:
12595:
10919:
10456:
10436:
10371:
10199:
9693:
7293:
7032:
6913:
6631:
5735:
is located in Brittany and it is nowadays considered to be
5728:
5688:
5077:, close to the border with France. Major sites include the
4617:
4022:
3719:
3627:
3615:
3344:
2089:
1633:
Brythonic (British Celtic) settlement increased during the
997:. This population was scarce and very similar to the other
497:
9621:"The domain www.domainesinfo.fr is registered by NetNames"
5194:, the southernmost Breton town, was rebuilt in an Italian
4553:
which arrived after Latin in much of the rest of France).
3753:, and all the French universities were dissolved in 1793.
2271:
because of fears that they were a threat to the Republic.
7981:"Brittany lays claim to autonomy, in Corsica's footsteps"
7636:
to riches, and Duchess Anne's fortune contributed to the
7000:
5707:
5595:
is the main Breton rock band, and Breton singers include
5058:
3631:
3602:
Among the invertebrates, Brittany is notably home to the
3180:
3130:
1289:
892:
in the sixth century or perhaps by the end of the fifth.
488:
5502:), are also a modern creation, inspired by the Scottish
5463:
5241:
styles. These architectures are particularly present in
3895:, once the world's largest passenger ship, was built in
2360:
was also catastrophic for the region. It was invaded by
2294:
started to decline precipitously, mainly because of the
1772:, king between 845 and 851 and considered as the Breton
1075:, the largest single stone erected by Neolithic people.
837:
estuary and, according to several sources, maybe to the
12500:
8287:
6874:. The Route nationale 137 provides connections between
6687:. Among the seafood specialities is a fish stew called
6477:
Sailing is particularly important for sea-resorts like
5853:. Brittany is also the birthplace of many writers like
5764:
5572:
in his works and influenced 1970s Breton bands such as
9600:"Fac-similé JO du 07/07/1967, page 06810 – Legifrance"
9100:
Chambre de commerce et d'industrie de Bretagne (ed.).
8711:
8692:
8673:
8654:
8635:
7553:, Breton Celtic tribe associated with Northern England
6968:. Others smaller airport operates domestic flights in
4330:
that has constantly moved back since the Middle Ages.
2021:
and had the marriage cancelled. He eventually married
1582:
received correspondence from the eminent Roman jurist
1292:
trade . Several tribes also belonged to an "Armorican
10652:
8545:"La Bretagne, terre de résistance à l'extrême droite"
7260:– ("Old Land of My Fathers"). It re-employs both the
6948:
is the second airport in Brittany. It is followed by
6604:
and Gros Plant white wines are produced south of the
6258:, is the largest classical music festival in France.
6131:. In the same town, it is also possible to visit the
3767:
was progressively recreated during the 19th century.
3567:
populate the deep waters. River fish of note include
3430:, enjoys more than 2,000 hours of sunshine per year.
3129:
The Breton coast is very indented, with many cliffs,
3118:
and the waters located between the western coast and
3063:
councils have also been held by the left since 2004.
2204:
and Catholic resistance to the Revolution during the
506:
11038:
9117:
9115:
7532:
7071:
operates trains between Nantes and smaller towns in
5445:
who were looking for dramatic seascapes and storms.
5253:. Architecture from the 20th century can be seen in
4813:
over time. Catholicism started to decline after the
4089:
and the second in historical Brittany, behind Nantes
3738:
and paid no attention to its cultural institutions.
3394:
containing several millions square meters of water.
2399:, although the region excluded the ducal capital of
2259:
The region remained deeply Catholic, and during the
686:
region while the other four departments make up the
592:
during the period of Roman occupation. It became an
491:
485:
482:
9366:"Brittany GAA's 'Mother Goose' has a growing flock"
8292:. Éditions du Pontig/Coop Breizh. pp. 80–143.
8207:
8005:
7832:. Festival Interceltique de Lorient. Archived from
7716:
7011:, on the south coast, and another linking Paris to
6198:
ship replica at the Brest tall ship meeting in 2012
4512:, which is the most differentiated Breton dialect.
3745:eventually asked the university to be relocated to
3591:and to some invasive American species, such as the
3217:("by the sea" in Breton), and the inland is called
2395:In 1956, Brittany was legally reconstituted as the
1930:, backed by the French, fighting with the House of
1552:
479:
9587:Le Journal de la Bretagne des origines à nos jours
9562:Bretagne contemporaine – Culture, langue, identité
8732:«La Lente Mise en Place des Universités Bretonnes»
8542:
8339:Province and Empire: Brittany and the Carolingians
8243:Procopius, in History of the Wars, viii, 20, 6-14.
8078:Nathalie Molines and Jean-Laurent Monnier (1993).
7753:
7051:providing connections between small towns such as
5672:are also from Brittany. The 19th-century composer
5510:bagad, one of the most well-known, belongs to the
4021:'s gross domestic product reached 99 billion
2900:to get the regional institutions and investments.
1035:by migrants from the south and east. However, the
9112:
8823:"L'économie bretonne|éditor=Region Bretagne"
8503:Mikael Bodlore-Penlaez and Divi Kervella (2011).
8145:
8143:
5118:During the 17th and the 18th centuries, the main
4277:. It is stronger among employees than employers.
2953:road sign reads "welcome to historical Brittany".
2860:, which are themselves made up of one or several
2124:Many Bretons crossed the Atlantic to support the
2080:, Brest was a major base for the French Navy and
1042:Neolithic Brittany is characterised by important
588:, covering the western part of what was known as
12701:
9148:
8290:Les Royaumes brittoniques au très haut Moyen Âge
7670:
6964:airport serves flights between Brittany and the
6936:railway viaduct is one of the highest in France.
3954:, both commercial and military, is implanted in
3240:. The poor and rocky areas are covered by large
3086:
2056:and it greatly benefited from the creation of a
1095:, Brittany was inhabited by five Celtic tribes:
993:Brittany has been inhabited by humans since the
849:, which means "close to the sea". Another name,
8175:Giot (P. R), Briard (J.) and Pape (L.) (1995).
8149:
6776:An old road sign on the Route Nationale 786 in
6280:Brittany also has some film festivals like the
5122:and towns obtained a typical French look, with
4936:period are rare, but include a large temple in
3812:
3296:, which formed its northern coastline, between
2317:in 1978 significantly affected the Breton coast
1859:in 937 with the support of his godbrother King
612:governed as a separate nation under the crown.
12412:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
8941:
8781:"En Bretagne, l'enseignement privé se rebiffe"
8568:"Le Roc'h RUZ, point culminant de la Bretagne"
8341:, Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 80–83.
8306:
8140:
8050:
6826:, terminating in Paris. In south Brittany the
6541:are the main Breton sailing competitions. The
5691:have been selected to represent France in the
5518:is also common, as are vocals and dances. The
4403:during the 5th century by Britons fleeing the
4141:had 1,060,199 inhabitants, it was followed by
3007:, the former French prime minister and former
1628:
1488:map of the traditional regions of Brittany in
895:Breton-speaking people may pronounce the word
833:estuary, then along the Atlantic coast to the
12395:
11915:
10616:
9718:
9321:, BiblioBazaar reprint, LLC, 2009, pp. 430ff.
8958:"20 of the most beautiful villages in France"
8850:
8795:"Renforcer les atouts de l'économie maritime"
8595:
8312:
8035:
8020:
7688:
7605:Presumably this soldier was in the employ of
7267:Colloquial Breton emblems include the Celtic
7254:The Breton anthem, although not official, is
6672:, which consists of stewed pork or beef with
6462:is less popular in the North as it is in the
6261:The Breton culture is highlighted during the
6004:. Its French art collection gathers works by
4940:and scarce ruins of villas and city walls in
4616:and the Christianisation occurred during the
2856:. The arrondissements are further divided in
2103:
1976:Union with the French Crown and modern period
1601:In response to a plea from the Roman Emperor
1504:
1387:in 51 BC. It was included in the province of
1284:Those people had strong economic ties to the
1272:. Despite confusion by the classical scholar
643:to the west. Its land area is 34,023 km
85:
10604:
8892:
8778:
8724:
7914:
6176:and a museum of archaeology and design, the
5981:have a museum presenting their own history.
5565:and Breton music in the world. He also used
5406:
4419:, and the higher clergy have spoken French.
4224:'s and it is the 12th most populated French
2624:, corresponding to the northern part of the
2524:, corresponding to the northern part of the
2134:Charles Armand Tuffin, marquis de la Rouërie
963:, and a couple of other scripts also exist.
925:, while the Vannetais speakers pronounce it
71:
57:
10664:
10628:
9671:Brittany: in the West, the end of the world
9175:
9048:"La démographie de la Bretagne depuis 1851"
8565:
6799:, contrarily to the usual French highways.
6423:which sometimes plays with national teams.
6346:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
5222:is, with 77 meters, the highest in Europe.
4062:20 of the most beautiful villages in France
2778:still stands in the city centre. Nowadays,
2433:
2013:in 1490, leading to a crisis with France.
567:
12402:
12388:
11922:
11908:
10640:
9732:
9725:
9711:
9585:, page 40, Coop Breizh, Spézet, 1987; and
9248:
9246:
9244:
9242:
9240:
9201:Données clés sur Breton, Ofis ar Brezhoneg
9191:
9149:Ifop and Bretons, ed. (18 December 2012).
9011:
9009:
9007:
8714:"Les plantes à fleur menacées en Bretagne"
8591:
8589:
8478:Jean Markale and Patrice Pellerin (1994).
6664:. Brittany also has a dish similar to the
5417:when it began to decline. Among them were
3777:
2418:
2368:in August 1944. However, the areas around
1719:
8276:Les origines de la Bretagne: l'émigration
8189:
8110:
7917:Brittany 1750–1950 – The Invisible Nation
6366:Learn how and when to remove this message
5702:
4707:. Bretons recognize more than 300 local "
4391:language, and is most closely related to
3292:The Breton peninsula appeared during the
3232:Several forests still exist, such as the
2976:and create an economic imbalance between
2172:The Duchy was legally abolished with the
841:estuary. This term probably comes from a
9564:? page 210, Skol Vreizh, Morlaix, 2005,
9030:
8527:
8203:
8201:
7830:"Festival Interceltique de Lorient 2010"
7666:
7664:
7202:
7155:
6983:
6927:
6771:
6588:
6555:, is the most popular Breton sport. The
6377:
6246:welcomes each year participants all the
6187:
5802:, who collected the local legends about
5719:Brittany is closely associated with the
5706:
5541:
5462:
5284:
5225:At the end of the 19th century, several
5087:
5057:
4902:. The largest menhir alignments are the
4871:
4764:
4729:
4595:
4528:
4449:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
4421:
4374:
4284:
4247:
4077:
3933:
3903:Brittany, apart from some areas such as
3884:
3798:were founded in 1977 to teach Breton by
3697:
3503:
3437:
3279:
3260:. Another regional park encompasses the
3174:
3156:, a very old range that also extends in
3090:
2944:
2815:
2759:, thus not in the Breton speaking area.
2670:
2308:
2273:
2242:
2143:
1985:
1844:
1741:
1729:
1639:
1586:and was called "King of the Britons" by
1527:South-Western peninsula of Great Britain
1479:
1359:
1187:), who lived in the eastern part of the
1082:
1071:and the Broken Menhir of Er Grah in the
981:
12668:District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.)
9237:
9004:
8944:"Loire-Atlantique – Pays De Loire (44)"
8586:
8367:A Twice Crowned Queen: Anne of Brittany
8179:. Ouest-France Université. p. 370.
6608:, the traditional drink of Brittany is
4569:Gallo is also threatened by the Breton
4003:global financial crisis started in 2007
3859:University of Rennes 2 – Upper Brittany
3304:. The southern part emerged during the
3026:
2972:in Brittany could harm the position of
2797:
2683:, permanent residence of the last dukes
1509:Toward the end of the 4th century, the
1411:), they were the capitals of the local
1107:. Their territory encompassed parts of
1103:, who lived around the present town of
880:Britons settled in western Armorica to
339:34,023 km (13,136 sq mi)
14:
12702:
10581:
9045:
8817:
8815:
8598:"L'histoire géologique de la Bretagne"
8315:Histoire de la Bretagne et des Bretons
8092:
6822:. It also provides a link to southern
5715:dressed in traditional Breton clothing
5531:, and the newest ones derive from the
3332:, soils in Brittany are usually acid.
3202:. The highest hill in Brittany is the
2128:. These included many sailors such as
1578:The late 5th century Brittonic leader
1196:. They gave their name to the city of
1148:. They gave their name to the city of
1054:, were followed by princely tombs and
977:
12383:
11903:
11813:
11705:
11484:
11286:
10718:
10498:
10144:
9781:
9706:
9647:"Delegated Strings – ICANN New gTLDs"
9218:. INSEE. January 2003. Archived from
8877:
8846:
8844:
8482:. Éditions Ouest France. p. 46.
8350:
8198:
7880:
7661:
6916:. These highways are standard French
5845:, the works of the singer-songwriter
5561:contributed most in popularising the
4835:were among the least Catholic French
4797:The most powerful folk figure is the
4699:Other notable early missionaries are
4280:
3927:, is made in a small region south of
3867:Ecole Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr
3704:Saint-Cyr-Coëtquidan military academy
3583:. The Breton rivers are also home to
3374:glaciations, Brittany was covered by
3236:, sometimes said to be the Arthurian
2352:Brittany lost 240,000 men during the
2228:was practised in small towns such as
1821:Brittany was heavily attacked by the
1703:continued the name of the indigenous
1609:in central Gaul, but was betrayed by
1536:
926:
916:
810:(ultimately from Proto-Indo-European
546:
521:
9345:from the original on 9 October 2022.
9330:
9292:from the original on 9 October 2022.
8712:Bretagne Environnement, ed. (2006).
8693:Bretagne Environnement, ed. (2005).
8674:Bretagne Environnement, ed. (2005).
8655:Bretagne Environnement, ed. (2005).
8636:Bretagne Environnement, ed. (2005).
8530:"Bretagne, la guerre des frontières"
8152:Les Celtes, Histoire et Dictionnaire
7858:. Us.franceguide.com. Archived from
7766:from the original on 11 January 2022
7231:, or stoat, as an animal became the
7047:. Regional services are operated by
6866:, and the Route nationale 166 links
6344:adding citations to reliable sources
6311:
6142:, a museum dedicated to sailing. In
5265:, three cities destroyed during the
4243:
2782:is the only official capital of the
1893:
1816:
884:and the region started to be called
27:Cultural area in northwestern France
11706:
9542:
8812:
8543:Martin Untersinger (4 April 2012).
7168:was designed in 1923. It is called
6634:made with wild honey, and an apple
6242:in Landerneau and Saint-Nolff. The
6226:, the Festival du Bout du Monde in
5953:The Museum of Brittany, located in
4604:" can be found in many villages in
4005:, unemployment rose to 8.7% in the
3268:seacoast. The Iroise Sea is also a
2088:. On its side, the inland provided
1855:Nantes was eventually liberated by
1473:This area was also affected by the
1268:and gave their name to the city of
888:, although this name only replaced
24:
8851:Priscilla Franken. Vocatis (ed.).
8841:
8528:Slate.fr, ed. (20 December 2011).
8351:Lewis, Stephen M. (January 2014).
8093:Thomas, Julian (1 December 2004).
7881:Price, Glanville (30 March 1986).
5800:Théodore Hersart de La Villemarqué
5640:, who composed the soundtrack for
4033:one, 30,900 euros. The GDP of the
3433:
2965:, and the question still remains.
2812:Administrative divisions of France
2251:arrested by the National Guard of
2224:in glass and shoe production, and
2212:some places being industrialised.
1403:) and Condevincum or Condevicnum (
1349:
1087:The five Gallic tribes of Brittany
778:". This word had been used by the
162:Kentoc'h mervel eget bezañ saotret
25:
12736:
11136:Festival Interceltique de Lorient
9664:
9589:, page 106, Larousse, Paris, 2001
9277:
9072:
8779:Ouest-France, ed. (14 May 2011).
7027:. This extension is known as the
6244:Festival Interceltique de Lorient
5767:, a city swallowed by the ocean.
4959:churches, usually built in local
3637:Brittany is widely known for the
3618:. Today, mammals of note include
3074:council since 1998. On its side,
3066:The Socialist party has held the
2844:, Brittany was divided into five
2824:comprises four historical Breton
2666:
1691:); but these names in Breton and
12499:
12154:
11931:
11886:
10499:
10131:
8657:"Les mammifères semi-aquatiques"
8505:Atlas de Bretagne – Atlas Breizh
8288:Christian Y. M. Kerboul (1997).
8051:Fabien Lecuyer (23 April 2013).
7695:Social Work in the British Isles
7535:
7513:
7501:
7486:
7468:
7446:
7431:
7416:
7401:
7387:
7367:
7352:
7337:
7315:
6624:. Stronger alcohols include the
6545:stages often start in Brittany.
6316:
6238:and the Astropolis in Brest, or
5674:Louis-Albert Bourgault-Ducoudray
4906:. Other major sites include the
3761:secondary education institutions
3209:Coastal areas are usually named
3168:, which separates Brittany from
2934:
2850:, each made up of three or four
2832:, in light blue, is part of the
2804:Brittany (administrative region)
2119:
1873:
1734:A 1922 nationalist engraving of
1567:Battle of the Catalaunian Plains
1553:Battle of the Catalaunian Plains
475:
209:
185:
133:
121:
109:
32:Brittany (administrative region)
9639:
9613:
9592:
9575:
9551:
9536:
9515:
9490:
9472:
9454:
9436:
9414:
9398:. Mediaoueg.bzh. Archived from
9388:
9358:
9349:
9324:
9308:
9296:
9271:
9205:
9142:
9093:
9066:
9039:
9024:
8979:
8950:
8935:
8913:
8886:
8871:
8787:
8772:
8757:
8745:
8705:
8686:
8667:
8648:
8629:
8608:
8559:
8536:
8521:
8496:
8471:
8455:
8439:
8407:
8381:
8372:
8359:
8344:
8331:
8281:
8265:
8256:. The Encyclopaedia Britannica.
8246:
8237:
8228:
8208:Université de Rennes II (ed.).
8183:
8168:
8154:. Robert Laffont. p. 427.
8127:
8086:
8071:
8044:
8029:
8014:
7999:
7973:
7948:
7923:
7908:
7621:
7612:
7599:
7584:Magnus Maximus was a native of
7578:
6759:usually made with dried plums.
6735:, and Galettes Saint-Michel in
6421:Brittany national football team
6170:museum dedicated to Jules Verne
5941:comics, set during the time of
5366:Brittany is also known for its
4867:
4405:Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain
4302:Linguistic boundary of Brittany
4097:was estimated to 3,318,904 and
4067:
3843:Catholic University of the West
3839:University of Southern Brittany
3106:Brittany is the largest French
2988:region could not exist without
2719:, where they met 19 times, and
1635:Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain
1407:). Together with Fanum Martis (
1005:in the world has been found in
9545:"Cycling holiday destinations"
8921:"L'essentiel sur… la Bretagne"
8878:INSEE, ed. (11 January 2013).
7874:
7848:
7822:
7800:
7778:
7746:
7682:
7678:. Robert Laffont. p. 113.
7592:, being born on the estate of
7215:The coat of arms of Brittany,
6940:The biggest Breton airport is
6269:. Several towns also organise
6088:. The Museums of Fine Arts of
5855:François-René de Chateaubriand
5439:Jean Antoine Théodore de Gudin
5401:wanted to break away from the
5198:style around 1820. The Breton
4434:A Breton speaker, recorded in
3831:University of Western Brittany
2911:region together with parts of
2790:encompassing Brittany and the
1964:Brittany importantly lost the
1714:
13:
1:
11855:Celtic place names in Galicia
11485:
8895:"Taux de chômage trimestriel"
8752:ICBL information about Breton
7755:"The world's 10 oldest ruins"
7654:
7211:of several dukes of Brittany.
7087:which operates lines between
7029:LGV Bretagne-Pays de la Loire
6806:which connects the cities of
6596:served with eggs and sausages
6426:Several Bretons have won the
6054:Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
6046:Museum of Fine Arts of Nantes
5986:Museum of Fine Arts of Rennes
4399:. It was imported to Western
4333:The current border runs from
4085:, the most populated city in
3087:Geography and natural history
2460:is traditionally spoken, and
2325:led to the foundation of the
2290:During the 19th century, the
1276:, they were unrelated to the
1168:and the western extremity of
1078:
47:Historical province in France
11287:
9792:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups
8507:. Coop Breizh. p. 100.
8451:. Université d'Angers. 1976.
8192:Commentarii de Bello Gallico
8177:Protohistoire de la Bretagne
8006:Pierre-Yves Lambert (1997).
7919:. University of Wales Press.
7887:. Rowman & Littlefield.
7646:Châteaux of the Loire Valley
7003:lines, one linking Paris to
6762:
6183:
5867:Félicité Robert de Lamennais
5693:Eurovision Song Contest 2022
5280:
5079:Château des ducs de Bretagne
4387:derived from the historical
4359:Regional Council of Brittany
4164:, with 216,815 inhabitants,
4153:, with 598,814 inhabitants.
3813:Other Institutes of Learning
3687:
3328:. Because of the absence of
3070:council since 1976, and the
3053:Regional Council of Brittany
2786:. It is also the seat of an
2776:Château des ducs de Bretagne
2762:Among all these towns, only
2677:Château des ducs de Bretagne
2126:American War of Independence
2005:could not have his daughter
1982:Union of Brittany and France
1970:Francis II, Duke of Brittany
1939:Arthur III, Duke of Brittany
1907:did not have formal status.
1878:Several Breton lords helped
1751:War of the Breton Succession
1573:
1423:, and sometimes a temple, a
915:. KLT speakers pronounce it
732:
715:a distinct cultural identity
584:in the north-west of modern
7:
12305:Foreign territories in 1789
12164:Minor provinces and regions
10779:Welsh literature in English
10719:
10145:
9871:Modern Celtic ethnic groups
9782:
9422:"bierbreizh – Accueil"
9331:Ifop, ed. (December 2006).
8480:Une histoire de la Bretagne
8038:Les Origines de la Bretagne
8023:Les Origines de la Bretagne
7728:www.megalithes-morbihan.com
7700:Jessica Kingsley Publishers
7692:; Shardlow, Steven (2002).
7528:
7279:, local dishes such as the
7160:The modern flag of Brittany
6125:Musée national de la Marine
5973:, while several towns like
5849:and of the maritime writer
5751:and a path is presented as
4993:Saint-Pol-de-Léon Cathedral
4723:, the Virgin's mother, but
4591:
4093:In 2017, the population in
3726:was founded under the duke
3551:is common along the coast,
3248:, and Brittany has several
3080:Union Démocratique Bretonne
2931:and administrative bodies.
2384:, and other towns, such as
2298:policy conducted under the
2110:Revolt of the papier timbré
1629:Additional waves of Britons
1259:, who lived in the present
1228:, where its suburb town of
1136:(in today's administrative
1127:, who lived in the current
806:, itself from Proto-Celtic
786:. This word derives from a
774:, which means "land of the
701:(733,320 inhabitants), and
166:Rather death than dishonour
10:
12741:
10799:Scottish Gaelic literature
10179:Brigantia (ancient region)
9673:– Official French website
8942:Linternaute villes (ed.).
7476:Festival du chant de marin
7308:
7245:"Potius mori quam foedari"
7151:
7138:
6896:is linked to Paris by the
6584:
6277:which celebrates fishing.
6220:Rencontres Trans Musicales
5948:
5653:Arrietty and the borrowers
5452:
4862:
4750:occur in some villages in
4734:A chapel and a calvary in
4522:
4368:
4326:. They are separated by a
4299:
4071:
4049:
4045:
3880:
3691:
3397:
3275:
3023:favour the reunification.
2938:
2801:
2422:
2192:, Loire-Inférieure (later
2104:The centralisation problem
1979:
1943:Peter II, Duke of Brittany
1848:
1747:Battle of Ar Roc'h-Derrien
1723:
1505:Immigration of the Britons
1353:
1340:is probably a mistake for
970:
966:
627:to the northeast, eastern
34:. For the given name, see
29:
12676:
12660:
12619:
12508:
12497:
12418:
12304:
12163:
12152:
11948:
11877:
11820:
11814:
11809:
11747:
11718:
11701:
11664:
11586:
11577:
11549:
11521:
11493:
11480:
11433:
11398:
11372:
11293:
11282:
11169:
11146:Hebridean Celtic Festival
11083:
10985:
10964:
10933:
10848:
10807:
10774:Welsh-language literature
10729:
10725:
10714:
10676:
10590:
10507:
10494:
10364:
10323:
10257:
10153:
10140:
10129:
9966:
9935:
9869:
9790:
9777:
9744:
9502:velo.tourismebretagne.com
9480:"Plan routier Breton (4)"
9462:"Plan routier Breton (3)"
9444:"Plan routier Breton (2)"
9121:Sondage CNRS, TMO-Ouest.
8389:"Breton American History"
7931:"Why Independence ?"
7423:Parlement of Brittany in
7176:) and it features eleven
6999:Brittany is on two major
6942:Nantes Atlantique Airport
6697:Saint-Julien-de-Concelles
6535:Transat Québec-Saint-Malo
6282:Three Continents Festival
6044:. The collections of the
5407:
4991:. Major churches include
4932:tomb. Monuments from the
4882:Brittany is home to many
4364:
4252:Breton women wearing the
4236:and the steady growth of
4149:750,863 inhabitants, and
3960:Chantiers de l'Atlantique
3734:was flourishing with the
3402:Brittany lies within the
2941:Reunification of Brittany
1922:, a local episode of the
1915:claim the French throne.
1886:and the latter's brother
784:Roman province of Britain
727:reunification of Brittany
456:
441:
426:
412:
398:
381:
368:
356:
348:
343:
335:
330:
264:
252:
217:
208:
177:
147:
117:
108:
99:
52:
40:Brittany (disambiguation)
11579:Ancient Celtic languages
9581:Gwenc'hlan Le Scouëzec,
8923:. INSEE. 26 January 2022
8893:Pays de la Loire (ed.).
8415:"Rennes, guide histoire"
8150:Venceslas Kruta (2000).
8055:. 7seizh. Archived from
8040:. Payot. pp. 52–53.
8025:. Payot. pp. 53–54.
7571:
7493:A Breton headdress from
7478:, sea songs festival in
7438:Abbey and lighthouse of
7297:is an approved Internet
7251:and cultural movements.
6307:
6271:historical re-enactments
6133:Keroman Submarine Museum
5448:
5299:Until the 19th century,
5218:. The lighthouse on the
5083:Château de Châteaubriant
5049:Château de Châteaubriant
4518:
3853:was divided between the
3819:École centrale de Nantes
3270:UNESCO biosphere reserve
3039:and the surroundings of
2434:Traditional subdivisions
2364:in 1940 and freed after
2327:Breton Regionalist Union
2302:. On one hand, children
2160:, Loire-Inférieure (now
1920:Breton War of Succession
1738:, first king of Brittany
11850:Gaulish words in French
11835:Celtic words in English
10089:Scottish New Zealanders
9979:Anglo-Celtic Australian
9128:17 January 2010 at the
8566:Plouméour-Ménez (ed.).
8210:"Archéologie classique"
8099:Documenta Praehistorica
7305:culture and languages.
7249:World War II Resistants
6979:
6767:
6302:Brest Maritime Festival
6028:. It has also works by
5790:, a Romantic poet, the
5778:, the literary journal
5322:and it was used by the
5062:A traditional house in
4496:, are grouped into the
3986:has a large factory in
3778:Language of humiliation
3630:and several species of
3608:freshwater pearl mussel
3553:small-spotted catsharks
3406:. It has a changeable,
2788:ecclesiastical province
2587:, corresponding to the
2488:, corresponding to the
2419:Government and politics
2180:: Côtes-du-Nord (later
2076:then was known for its
1720:The Kingdom of Brittany
1557:The army recruited for
1492:. The earlier state of
697:(934,165 inhabitants),
86:
12531:Chittagong Hill Tracts
10784:Early Irish literature
10665:
10653:
10641:
10629:
10617:
10605:
10069:Scotch-Irish Canadians
10064:Scotch-Irish Americans
8365:Constance De La Warr,
8313:Joël Cornette (2005).
8262:
8190:Julius Caesar. "VII".
8137:, Routledge, 1993, p.1
8036:Léon Fleuriot (1980).
8021:Léon Fleuriot (1980).
7724:"Saint-Michel tumulus"
7212:
7172:("white and black" in
7161:
7078:
7019:. An extension of the
6996:
6954:Lorient South Brittany
6950:Rennes – Saint-Jacques
6946:Brest Bretagne Airport
6937:
6923:
6780:
6737:Saint-Michel-Chef-Chef
6597:
6389:
6199:
6174:Natural History Museum
6150:were built, including
5930:Patrick Poivre d'Arvor
5841:, poems and novels by
5716:
5711:The singer-songwriter
5703:Legends and literature
5554:
5483:(popular feasts). The
5474:
5357:Jules-Charles Le Bozec
5296:
5100:
5066:
4919:Menhir de Champ-Dolent
4915:Locmariaquer megaliths
4879:
4777:
4748:penitential ceremonies
4739:
4609:
4534:
4439:
4380:
4297:
4257:
4212:has two major cities,
4188:44,372. All the other
4156:The largest cities in
4090:
3946:
3900:
3869:, the foremost French
3855:University of Rennes 1
3706:
3512:
3450:
3289:
3187:
3114:, to the south by the
3103:
2954:
2837:
2684:
2642:, forming part of the
2542:, forming part of the
2506:, forming part of the
2321:At the same time, the
2318:
2287:
2256:
2169:
2068:quickly expanded, and
2060:. Local seaports like
2058:French colonial empire
2015:Charles VIII of France
1994:
1753:
1739:
1649:
1501:
1368:
1364:The temple of Mars in
1332:(Upper-Normandy), and
1296:" which, according to
1230:Saint-Nicolas-de-Redon
1220:in the administrative
1111:, Ille-et-Vilaine and
1093:protohistorical period
1088:
1073:Locmariaquer megaliths
990:
723:A nationalist movement
709:and is one of the six
635:to the south, and the
631:to the southeast, the
539:
514:
72:
58:
38:. For other uses, see
12322:Menton and Roquebrune
11411:Scottish independence
11156:Celtic Media Festival
11039:National music scenes
10265:Proto-Celtic religion
9967:Related ethnic groups
9319:La Legende de la Mort
9102:"Données thématiques"
8737:19 March 2012 at the
8278:, Paris, Payot, 1980.
8258:
7915:Sharif Gemie (2007).
7884:The Celtic connection
7640:, to palaces such as
7206:
7159:
6987:
6931:
6775:
6592:
6381:
6250:and their diasporas.
6191:
5837:, travel journals by
5710:
5545:
5498:and drums (including
5466:
5390:have also been used.
5288:
5091:
5061:
4886:monuments; the words
4875:
4768:
4733:
4599:
4532:
4504:in opposition to the
4433:
4378:
4288:
4251:
4145:909,028 inhabitants,
4081:
3937:
3888:
3701:
3612:white-clawed crayfish
3507:
3441:
3283:
3258:regional natural park
3178:
3094:
2948:
2819:
2674:
2409:Amoco Cadiz oil spill
2392:, had also suffered.
2347:Breton National Party
2315:Amoco Cadiz oil spill
2312:
2277:
2246:
2147:
2132:and soldiers such as
2114:Pontcallec conspiracy
2092:ropes and canvas and
1989:
1880:William the Conqueror
1845:The Duchy of Brittany
1745:
1733:
1643:
1598:around the year 470.
1529:began to emigrate to
1483:
1379:were defeated in the
1363:
1288:, especially for the
1208:(in the south of the
1086:
1044:megalithic production
985:
911:) and the dialect of
383: • Summer (
12725:Peninsulas of France
12071:Lorraine and Barrois
11938:Historical provinces
11735:(Medieval Welsh law)
11345:Scottish nationalism
10995:Ancient Celtic music
10310:Romano-Celtic temple
10119:Welsh New Zealanders
10044:Irish New Zealanders
9583:Guide de la Bretagne
9402:on 10 September 2015
9137:, 14-05.2009, page 7
9081:on 23 September 2015
9031:Ouest-France (ed.).
8742:, Science Ouest N°93
7557:Politics of Brittany
7520:Men Ruz lighthouse,
7069:TER Pays de la Loire
6962:Saint-Brieuc – Armor
6515:Olivier de Kersauson
6417:En Avant de Guingamp
6340:improve this section
6296:both organise large
6100:is dedicated to the
5990:Domenico Ghirlandaio
5490:, bands composed of
5409:École des Beaux-Arts
5339:, and the sculptors
5290:The Beautiful Angèle
5037:Château de Trécesson
5029:Château de Tonquédec
4780:There is a very old
4703:and the Irish saint
4500:(Kerne-Leon-Treger),
4113:. The region around
4074:Demography of France
3851:University of Rennes
3823:University of Nantes
3765:University of Rennes
3736:Atlantic slave trade
3724:University of Nantes
3404:north temperate zone
3027:Political tendencies
2798:Present subdivisions
2715:, and, most of all,
2564:, Côtes-d'Armor and
2536:Pays de Saint-Brieuc
2425:Politics of Brittany
2086:Atlantic slave trade
2084:flourished with the
1833:, and the county of
1594:of the Visigoths at
1584:Sidonius Apollinaris
1490:Ancien Régime France
1037:Neolithic Revolution
1007:Plouhinec, Finistère
874:Western Roman Empire
656:Tumulus Saint-Michel
548:[bʁɛjs,bʁɛx]
12576:Southern Azerbaijan
11949:General governments
11425:Irish republicanism
11406:Breton independence
11385:Scottish devolution
11318:Cornish nationalism
11141:Pan Celtic Festival
11015:Scottish folk music
10769:Scottish literature
10290:Celtic Christianity
10094:Scottish Travellers
10079:Scottish Argentines
9923:Scottish Travellers
9486:on 5 November 2013.
9468:on 5 November 2013.
9450:on 5 November 2013.
9108:on 9 February 2013.
8720:on 26 January 2013.
8701:on 25 January 2013.
8395:on 26 February 2015
8337:Smith, Julia M. H.
8059:on 7 September 2014
7960:archive.wikiwix.com
7810:. The Celtic League
7808:"The Celtic League"
7762:. 4 February 2016.
7395:Château de Suscinio
7207:The ermine was the
7115:operates the route
6958:Dinard – Saint-Malo
6828:Route nationale 165
6731:, La Trinitaine in
6695:sauce, invented in
6543:Solitaire du Figaro
6444:Lucien Petit-Breton
6263:Fête de la Bretagne
6168:base. Nantes has a
6148:transatlantic ships
6102:School of Pont-Aven
5906:Pierre-Jakez Hélias
5902:Alain Robbe-Grillet
5331:, the illustrators
5237:, and later in the
5041:Château de Fougères
5021:Château de Combourg
5013:Château de Suscinio
4612:Bretons are mainly
4318:exist in Brittany:
4052:Tourism in Brittany
3702:A battalion of the
3694:Education in France
3641:, a local breed of
3604:escargot de Quimper
3533:leatherback turtles
2994:Centre-Val de Loire
2689:Estates of Brittany
2269:Franco-Prussian War
2049:(foreign princes).
1997:As a result of the
1926:, saw the House of
1857:Alan II of Brittany
1726:Kingdom of Brittany
1663:in Armorica. Their
1029:last glacial period
978:Prehistoric origins
973:History of Brittany
931:and would write it
921:and would write it
861:name for Brittany:
794:, an explorer from
682:now belongs to the
594:independent kingdom
265:Largest settlements
233: /
102:Historical province
11416:Welsh independence
11380:Cornish devolution
11301:Breton nationalism
11151:Celtic Connections
10754:Cornish literature
10099:Ulster Protestants
10084:Scottish Canadians
10074:Scottish Americans
9984:Anglo-Irish people
9627:on 7 February 2013
9267:on 2 October 2013.
9225:on 10 October 2017
9163:on 10 October 2017
9046:Gecodia.fr (ed.).
8369:, Peter Owen, 2005
8008:La Langue Gauloise
7638:French Renaissance
7213:
7162:
6997:
6938:
6886:and terminates in
6804:Route nationale 12
6781:
6755:, a sort of sweet
6733:La Trinité-sur-Mer
6598:
6539:Jules Verne Trophy
6479:La Trinité-sur-Mer
6401:Stade Rennais F.C.
6390:
6200:
6070:Tamara de Lempicka
6050:Edward Burne-Jones
6006:Georges de La Tour
5761:Tristan and Iseult
5717:
5650:the compositor of
5609:Yann-Fañch Kemener
5555:
5537:French Renaissance
5475:
5443:Jules Achille Noël
5297:
5101:
5071:French Renaissance
5067:
5053:Château de Clisson
5025:Château de Largoët
4997:Tréguier Cathedral
4880:
4778:
4740:
4610:
4535:
4440:
4381:
4316:regional languages
4298:
4281:Regional languages
4263:region of Brittany
4258:
4119:metropolitan areas
4091:
3947:
3901:
3827:ESC Bretagne Brest
3707:
3661:and the Nantaise.
3513:
3451:
3390:that form a large
3359:, which comprises
3290:
3188:
3104:
3097:Pink Granite Coast
2998:Nouvelle-Aquitaine
2959:region of Brittany
2955:
2925:region of Brittany
2838:
2784:region of Brittany
2685:
2605:, divided between
2560:, divided between
2554:Pays de Saint-Malo
2429:Politics of France
2397:Region of Brittany
2319:
2288:
2257:
2170:
2130:Armand de Kersaint
2011:Holy Roman Emperor
1995:
1924:Hundred Years' War
1868:Louis IV of France
1791:Battle of Jengland
1754:
1740:
1650:
1537:The Romano-Britons
1502:
1389:Gallia Lugdunensis
1381:Battle of Morbihan
1369:
1346:(Lower-Normandy).
1328:(Lower-Normandy),
1089:
1046:and sites such as
995:Lower Palaeolithic
991:
765:, derive from the
678:in the southeast.
670:in the northeast,
578:historical country
349: • Total
336: • Total
18:Brittany Peninsula
12697:
12696:
12586:Southern Mongolia
12551:Iranian Kurdistan
12377:
12376:
11897:
11896:
11873:
11872:
11805:
11804:
11697:
11696:
11693:
11692:
11656:Cisalpine Gaulish
11476:
11475:
11362:national identity
11357:Welsh nationalism
11350:national identity
11330:Irish nationalism
11278:
11277:
11274:
11273:
11211:Cornish wrestling
11079:
11078:
11000:Breton Folk music
10965:Regional cultures
10808:National cultures
10794:Gaelic literature
10749:Breton literature
10710:
10709:
10706:
10705:
10702:
10701:
10490:
10489:
10402:Chief of the Name
10270:Celtic polytheism
10187:Sub-Roman Britain
10127:
10126:
10014:Irish Australians
9994:Cornish Americans
9953:Scottish diaspora
9424:. Bierbreizh.info
8880:"Taux de chômage"
8663:on 25 March 2013.
8644:on 20 March 2013.
8604:on 20 March 2013.
8514:978-2-84346-496-6
7894:978-0-86140-248-9
7709:978-1-8530-2833-5
7634:Jean II de Brosse
7359:The city wall of
7257:Bro Gozh ma Zadoù
7219:, was adopted by
6908:to Paris and the
6785:Charles de Gaulle
6757:Yorkshire pudding
6614:Coreff de Morlaix
6511:Michel Desjoyeaux
6468:Rugby Club Vannes
6453:directeur sportif
6409:Stade Brestois 29
6376:
6375:
6368:
6212:Vieilles Charrues
6137:Cité de la voile
6074:Wassily Kandinsky
5843:Charles Le Goffic
5721:Matter of Britain
5670:Brigitte Fontaine
5455:Music of Brittany
5329:René-Yves Creston
5113:calvary sculpture
4633:Saint-Pol-de-Léon
4551:Germanic language
4483:Saint-Pol-de-Léon
4431:
4308:official language
4306:French, the sole
4244:Regional identity
3794:In response, the
3751:French Revolution
3651:Bretonne Pie Noir
3557:continental shelf
3349:sedimentary rocks
3318:sedimentary rocks
3306:Hercynian orogeny
3005:Jean-Marc Ayrault
2842:French Revolution
2657:French Revolution
2622:Saint-Pol-de-Léon
2247:The mutineers of
2174:French Revolution
2096:sheets. However,
2047:Princes étrangers
1941:) and his nephew
1894:Internal disputes
1888:Brian of Brittany
1851:Duchy of Brittany
1817:Viking occupation
1652:Scholars such as
1415:. They all had a
1236:, long after the
1033:5th millennium BC
1019:, similar to the
882:escape the Saxons
816:'to cut, make').
741:, along with its
674:in the south and
652:Cairn of Barnenez
606:Kingdom of France
569:[bəʁtaɛɲ]
468:
467:
408:
407:
201:
180:Bro Gozh ma Zadoù
16:(Redirected from
12732:
12611:West Balochistan
12541:Gilgit Baltistan
12503:
12481:Western Togoland
12471:Rehoboth Basters
12404:
12397:
12390:
12381:
12380:
12369:Comtat Venaissin
12365:
12158:
11936:
11935:
11924:
11917:
11910:
11901:
11900:
11890:
11811:
11810:
11703:
11702:
11685:Galwegian Gaelic
11584:
11583:
11482:
11481:
11390:Welsh devolution
11284:
11283:
11036:
11035:
11025:Sean-nós singing
11020:Welsh folk music
11010:Irish folk music
10977:Highland culture
10759:Irish literature
10739:Arthurian Legend
10727:
10726:
10716:
10715:
10668:
10656:
10644:
10632:
10620:
10608:
10588:
10587:
10579:
10578:
10556:Neo-Christianity
10496:
10495:
10427:Gaelic astrology
10387:Celtic festivals
10285:Celtic mythology
10258:Ancient religion
10175:Iron Age Britain
10142:
10141:
10135:
10114:Welsh Argentines
10054:Irish Uruguayans
10049:Irish Travellers
10019:Irish Brazilians
10009:Irish Argentines
9989:Breton Americans
9943:Cornish diaspora
9905:Irish Travellers
9779:
9778:
9771:Celtic languages
9727:
9720:
9713:
9704:
9703:
9676:
9658:
9657:
9655:
9653:
9643:
9637:
9636:
9634:
9632:
9623:. Archived from
9617:
9611:
9610:
9608:
9606:
9596:
9590:
9579:
9573:
9558:Francis Favereau
9555:
9549:
9548:
9543:Husband, Geoff.
9540:
9534:
9533:
9531:
9529:
9519:
9513:
9512:
9510:
9508:
9494:
9488:
9487:
9482:. Archived from
9476:
9470:
9469:
9464:. Archived from
9458:
9452:
9451:
9446:. Archived from
9440:
9434:
9433:
9431:
9429:
9418:
9412:
9411:
9409:
9407:
9392:
9386:
9385:
9383:
9381:
9376:on 30 April 2023
9372:. Archived from
9362:
9356:
9353:
9347:
9346:
9344:
9337:
9328:
9322:
9312:
9306:
9300:
9294:
9293:
9291:
9284:
9275:
9269:
9268:
9266:
9260:. Archived from
9259:
9250:
9235:
9234:
9232:
9230:
9224:
9217:
9209:
9203:
9199:
9195:
9189:
9179:
9173:
9172:
9170:
9168:
9162:
9156:. Archived from
9155:
9146:
9140:
9119:
9110:
9109:
9104:. Archived from
9097:
9091:
9090:
9088:
9086:
9077:. Archived from
9070:
9064:
9063:
9061:
9059:
9054:on 12 April 2013
9050:. Archived from
9043:
9037:
9036:
9028:
9022:
9013:
9002:
9001:
8999:
8997:
8983:
8977:
8976:
8971:
8969:
8954:
8948:
8947:
8939:
8933:
8932:
8930:
8928:
8917:
8911:
8910:
8908:
8906:
8897:. Archived from
8890:
8884:
8883:
8875:
8869:
8868:
8866:
8864:
8859:on 12 April 2013
8855:. Archived from
8848:
8839:
8838:
8836:
8834:
8829:on 26 March 2015
8825:. Archived from
8819:
8810:
8809:
8807:
8805:
8791:
8785:
8784:
8776:
8770:
8765:
8761:
8755:
8749:
8743:
8728:
8722:
8721:
8716:. Archived from
8709:
8703:
8702:
8697:. Archived from
8695:"Les mammifères"
8690:
8684:
8683:
8678:. Archived from
8671:
8665:
8664:
8659:. Archived from
8652:
8646:
8645:
8640:. Archived from
8633:
8627:
8626:
8624:
8622:
8612:
8606:
8605:
8600:. Archived from
8593:
8584:
8583:
8581:
8579:
8570:. Archived from
8563:
8557:
8556:
8555:on 6 April 2012.
8551:. Archived from
8540:
8534:
8533:
8525:
8519:
8518:
8500:
8494:
8493:
8475:
8469:
8459:
8453:
8452:
8443:
8437:
8436:
8434:
8432:
8426:
8420:. Archived from
8419:
8411:
8405:
8404:
8402:
8400:
8391:. Archived from
8385:
8379:
8376:
8370:
8363:
8357:
8356:
8348:
8342:
8335:
8329:
8328:
8310:
8304:
8303:
8285:
8279:
8269:
8263:
8257:
8250:
8244:
8241:
8235:
8232:
8226:
8225:
8223:
8221:
8212:. Archived from
8205:
8196:
8195:
8187:
8181:
8180:
8172:
8166:
8165:
8147:
8138:
8131:
8125:
8124:
8114:
8090:
8084:
8083:
8075:
8069:
8068:
8066:
8064:
8048:
8042:
8041:
8033:
8027:
8026:
8018:
8012:
8011:
8003:
7997:
7996:
7994:
7992:
7977:
7971:
7970:
7968:
7966:
7952:
7946:
7945:
7943:
7941:
7927:
7921:
7920:
7912:
7906:
7905:
7903:
7901:
7878:
7872:
7871:
7869:
7867:
7852:
7846:
7845:
7843:
7841:
7826:
7820:
7819:
7817:
7815:
7804:
7798:
7797:
7795:
7793:
7782:
7776:
7775:
7773:
7771:
7757:
7750:
7744:
7743:
7741:
7739:
7730:. Archived from
7720:
7714:
7713:
7686:
7680:
7679:
7672:Henriette Walter
7668:
7648:
7625:
7619:
7616:
7610:
7603:
7597:
7594:Count Theodosius
7582:
7545:
7540:
7539:
7538:
7517:
7505:
7490:
7472:
7450:
7435:
7420:
7405:
7391:
7380:Qui Qu'en Grogne
7371:
7356:
7341:
7319:
7299:top level domain
7241:Anne of Brittany
7188:and the British
7166:flag of Brittany
7085:Brittany Ferries
7073:Loire-Atlantique
6990:Brittany Ferries
6371:
6364:
6360:
6357:
6351:
6320:
6312:
6252:La Folle Journée
6240:La fête du bruit
6204:La Route du Rock
6166:Second World War
6058:Eugène Delacroix
6010:François Boucher
5910:Tristan Corbière
5816:Pêr-Jakez Helias
5776:Second World War
5741:Lady of the Lake
5586:
5412:
5411:
5395:Pont-Aven School
5320:Second World War
5267:Second World War
5045:Château de Vitré
5017:Château de Dinan
5005:Nantes Cathedral
4857:Loire-Atlantique
4829:Loire-Atlantique
4815:Second World War
4725:Ivo of Kermartin
4713:Pays de la Loire
4579:Loire-Atlantique
4571:language revival
4508:, spoken around
4432:
4389:Common Brittonic
4234:Loire-Atlantique
4210:Loire-Atlantique
4160:as of 2017 were
4099:Loire-Atlantique
4035:Loire-Atlantique
4011:Loire-Atlantique
3871:military academy
3863:Second World War
3837:in 1977 and the
3807:Pays de la Loire
3647:Brittany gun dog
3479:Atlantic puffins
3471:northern gannets
3408:maritime climate
3337:Armorican massif
3294:Cadomian Orogeny
3256:, included in a
3196:Montagnes Noires
3162:Pays de la Loire
3154:Armorican Massif
3139:Gulf of Morbihan
3122:Island form the
3057:Loire-Atlantique
3055:since 2004. The
3021:Loire-Atlantique
3017:Pays de la Loire
2990:Loire-Atlantique
2986:Pays de la Loire
2984:. Moreover, the
2963:Loire-Atlantique
2951:Loire-Atlantique
2927:has had its own
2909:Pays de la Loire
2905:Loire-Atlantique
2886:Loire-Atlantique
2870:French president
2834:Pays de la Loire
2830:Loire-Atlantique
2808:Loire-Atlantique
2792:Pays de la Loire
2490:Loire-Atlantique
2405:surrounding area
2358:Second World War
2343:collaborationism
2238:labour movements
2236:, known for its
2194:Loire-Atlantique
2162:Loire-Atlantique
2045:were classed as
2023:Anne of Brittany
1991:Anne of Brittany
1795:Charles the Bald
1226:Pays de la Loire
1218:Loire-Atlantique
1212:, bordering the
1144:), north of the
1142:Pays de la Loire
1129:Loire-Atlantique
930:
920:
819:In Roman times,
798:who visited the
684:Pays de la Loire
680:Loire-Atlantique
676:Loire-Atlantique
646:
629:Pays de la Loire
571:
566:
550:
545:
533:
532:
531:
525:
523:[bʁətaɲ]
520:
509:
504:
503:
500:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
410:
409:
388:
248:
247:
245:
244:
243:
238:
237:48.000°N 3.000°W
234:
231:
230:
229:
226:
213:
203:
202:
137:
125:
113:
89:
87:Bertaèyn/Bertègn
83:
75:
69:
61:
50:
49:
21:
12740:
12739:
12735:
12734:
12733:
12731:
12730:
12729:
12700:
12699:
12698:
12693:
12672:
12656:
12615:
12504:
12495:
12414:
12410:Members of the
12408:
12378:
12373:
12359:
12300:
12159:
12150:
11944:
11930:
11928:
11898:
11893:
11869:
11816:
11801:
11743:
11739:Early Scots law
11728:Early Irish law
11714:
11689:
11666:Scottish Gaelic
11660:
11601:Proto-Brittonic
11573:
11569:Beurla Reagaird
11545:
11541:Scottish Gaelic
11517:
11489:
11472:
11468:Columba Project
11448:Celtic Congress
11429:
11394:
11368:
11289:
11270:
11231:Gaelic handball
11221:Gaelic football
11206:Cornish hurling
11165:
11075:
11034:
10981:
10960:
10946:Gaelic clothing
10929:
10844:
10803:
10764:Manx literature
10721:
10698:
10677:Other claimants
10672:
10577:
10527:Celtic Congress
10503:
10486:
10382:Celtic calendar
10360:
10319:
10253:
10149:
10136:
10123:
10109:Welsh Americans
10029:Irish Catholics
10024:Irish Canadians
10004:Irish Americans
9962:
9936:Celtic diaspora
9931:
9865:
9794:
9786:
9773:
9740:
9731:
9696:Région Bretagne
9674:
9667:
9662:
9661:
9651:
9649:
9645:
9644:
9640:
9630:
9628:
9619:
9618:
9614:
9604:
9602:
9598:
9597:
9593:
9580:
9576:
9556:
9552:
9541:
9537:
9527:
9525:
9521:
9520:
9516:
9506:
9504:
9496:
9495:
9491:
9478:
9477:
9473:
9460:
9459:
9455:
9442:
9441:
9437:
9427:
9425:
9420:
9419:
9415:
9405:
9403:
9394:
9393:
9389:
9379:
9377:
9364:
9363:
9359:
9354:
9350:
9342:
9335:
9329:
9325:
9315:Anatole le Braz
9313:
9309:
9303:Bretagne: poems
9301:
9297:
9289:
9282:
9276:
9272:
9264:
9257:
9251:
9238:
9228:
9226:
9222:
9215:
9211:
9210:
9206:
9197:
9196:
9192:
9180:
9176:
9166:
9164:
9160:
9153:
9147:
9143:
9132:commentés dans
9130:Wayback Machine
9120:
9113:
9098:
9094:
9084:
9082:
9071:
9067:
9057:
9055:
9044:
9040:
9029:
9025:
9014:
9005:
8995:
8993:
8985:
8984:
8980:
8967:
8965:
8964:. 13 April 2019
8956:
8955:
8951:
8940:
8936:
8926:
8924:
8919:
8918:
8914:
8904:
8902:
8901:on 20 June 2013
8891:
8887:
8876:
8872:
8862:
8860:
8849:
8842:
8832:
8830:
8821:
8820:
8813:
8803:
8801:
8799:Région Bretagne
8793:
8792:
8788:
8777:
8773:
8763:
8762:
8758:
8750:
8746:
8739:Wayback Machine
8729:
8725:
8710:
8706:
8691:
8687:
8682:on 16 May 2013.
8672:
8668:
8653:
8649:
8634:
8630:
8620:
8618:
8614:
8613:
8609:
8594:
8587:
8577:
8575:
8574:on 12 June 2013
8564:
8560:
8541:
8537:
8526:
8522:
8515:
8501:
8497:
8490:
8476:
8472:
8460:
8456:
8445:
8444:
8440:
8430:
8428:
8427:on 18 July 2011
8424:
8417:
8413:
8412:
8408:
8398:
8396:
8387:
8386:
8382:
8377:
8373:
8364:
8360:
8349:
8345:
8336:
8332:
8325:
8311:
8307:
8300:
8286:
8282:
8270:
8266:
8252:
8251:
8247:
8242:
8238:
8233:
8229:
8219:
8217:
8206:
8199:
8188:
8184:
8173:
8169:
8162:
8148:
8141:
8132:
8128:
8112:10.4312/dp.31.8
8091:
8087:
8076:
8072:
8062:
8060:
8049:
8045:
8034:
8030:
8019:
8015:
8004:
8000:
7990:
7988:
7979:
7978:
7974:
7964:
7962:
7954:
7953:
7949:
7939:
7937:
7935:emgann.chez.com
7929:
7928:
7924:
7913:
7909:
7899:
7897:
7895:
7879:
7875:
7865:
7863:
7862:on 11 July 2011
7854:
7853:
7849:
7839:
7837:
7836:on 12 June 2011
7828:
7827:
7823:
7813:
7811:
7806:
7805:
7801:
7791:
7789:
7784:
7783:
7779:
7769:
7767:
7752:
7751:
7747:
7737:
7735:
7722:
7721:
7717:
7710:
7702:. p. 247.
7687:
7683:
7669:
7662:
7657:
7652:
7651:
7626:
7622:
7617:
7613:
7604:
7600:
7583:
7579:
7574:
7566:Grande-Bretagne
7541:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7524:
7518:
7509:
7506:
7497:
7491:
7482:
7473:
7464:
7454:Ar Meilhoù Glaz
7451:
7442:
7436:
7427:
7421:
7412:
7406:
7397:
7392:
7383:
7372:
7363:
7357:
7348:
7342:
7333:
7325:'s tomb in the
7320:
7311:
7154:
7141:
7081:
6982:
6966:Channel Islands
6926:
6904:is both on the
6770:
6765:
6587:
6575:Gaelic football
6464:south of France
6448:Cyrille Guimard
6446:as riders, and
6432:Bernard Hinault
6372:
6361:
6355:
6352:
6337:
6321:
6310:
6186:
6082:Pierre Soulages
6062:Gustave Courbet
6026:Robert Delaunay
5965:are located in
5951:
5851:Henri Queffélec
5847:Théodore Botrel
5839:Anatole Le Braz
5835:Émile Souvestre
5788:Auguste Brizeux
5757:Val sans Retour
5737:Paimpont forest
5727:. According to
5713:Théodore Botrel
5705:
5617:Nolwenn Korbell
5580:
5461:
5453:Main articles:
5451:
5413:and later from
5376:Quimper faience
5283:
5227:seaside resorts
5208:Phare d'Eckmühl
5033:Josselin Castle
5009:Kreisker chapel
4900:Breton language
4877:Josselin Castle
4870:
4865:
4853:Ille-et-Vilaine
4841:Ille-et-Vilaine
4804:Karrig an Ankou
4719:of Brittany is
4673:Dol-de-Bretagne
4594:
4586:Ille-et-Vilaine
4527:
4521:
4456:Breton language
4422:
4385:Celtic language
4373:
4371:Breton language
4367:
4351:Scottish Gaelic
4343:Rhuys Peninsula
4339:English Channel
4328:language border
4304:
4283:
4246:
4222:Region Brittany
4158:Region Brittany
4139:Ille-et-Vilaine
4107:Ille-et-Vilaine
4103:Region Brittany
4095:Region Brittany
4087:Region Brittany
4076:
4070:
4054:
4048:
4019:Region Brittany
4007:Region Brittany
3940:fishing trawler
3883:
3815:
3780:
3696:
3690:
3682:lotus maritimus
3678:horseshoe vetch
3676:varieties, the
3655:Froment du Léon
3573:Atlantic salmon
3436:
3434:Flora and fauna
3400:
3278:
3234:Paimpont forest
3143:natural harbour
3112:English Channel
3089:
3061:Ille-et-Vilaine
3045:Socialist party
3029:
2943:
2937:
2853:arrondissements
2822:region Brittany
2814:
2800:
2745:Dol-de-Bretagne
2669:
2562:Ille-et-Vilaine
2526:Ille-et-Vilaine
2522:Dol-de-Bretagne
2508:Ille-et-Vilaine
2436:
2431:
2421:
2413:Erika oil spill
2366:Operation Cobra
2354:First World War
2292:Breton language
2280:Royal Air Force
2216:specialised in
2190:Ille-et-Vilaine
2158:Ille-et-Vilaine
2142:
2122:
2112:(1675) and the
2106:
1984:
1978:
1959:Treaty of Arras
1905:Breton language
1896:
1876:
1853:
1847:
1839:Fulk I of Anjou
1819:
1811:Channel Islands
1728:
1722:
1717:
1661:Breton language
1631:
1576:
1555:
1539:
1507:
1445:villae rusticae
1399:), Darioritum (
1358:
1352:
1350:Gallo-Roman era
1300:, gathered the
1278:Adriatic Veneti
1244:and the former
1189:Ille-et-Vilaine
1081:
1021:Châtelperronian
980:
975:
969:
918:[brɛjs]
829:coast from the
827:English Channel
735:
688:Brittany region
668:Ille-et-Vilaine
644:
621:English Channel
564:
543:
527:
526:
518:
507:
478:
474:
382:
326:
273:
272:
241:
239:
235:
232:
227:
224:
222:
220:
219:
204:
186:
183:
173:
164:
157:
148:Motto(s):
143:
142:
141:
140:
131:
130:
104:
95:
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
48:
43:
36:Brittany (name)
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12738:
12728:
12727:
12722:
12717:
12715:Celtic nations
12712:
12695:
12694:
12692:
12691:
12686:
12680:
12678:
12674:
12673:
12671:
12670:
12664:
12662:
12658:
12657:
12655:
12654:
12649:
12644:
12642:Crimean Tatars
12639:
12634:
12629:
12623:
12621:
12617:
12616:
12614:
12613:
12608:
12603:
12598:
12593:
12588:
12583:
12581:South Moluccas
12578:
12573:
12568:
12563:
12558:
12553:
12548:
12543:
12538:
12536:East Turkestan
12533:
12528:
12523:
12518:
12512:
12510:
12506:
12505:
12498:
12496:
12494:
12493:
12488:
12483:
12478:
12473:
12468:
12463:
12458:
12453:
12448:
12443:
12438:
12433:
12428:
12422:
12420:
12416:
12415:
12407:
12406:
12399:
12392:
12384:
12375:
12374:
12372:
12371:
12366:
12354:
12349:
12344:
12339:
12334:
12329:
12324:
12319:
12314:
12308:
12306:
12302:
12301:
12299:
12298:
12293:
12288:
12283:
12278:
12273:
12268:
12263:
12258:
12253:
12248:
12243:
12238:
12233:
12228:
12223:
12218:
12213:
12208:
12203:
12198:
12193:
12188:
12183:
12178:
12173:
12167:
12165:
12161:
12160:
12153:
12151:
12149:
12148:
12143:
12138:
12133:
12128:
12123:
12118:
12113:
12108:
12103:
12098:
12093:
12088:
12083:
12078:
12073:
12068:
12063:
12058:
12053:
12048:
12043:
12038:
12033:
12028:
12023:
12018:
12013:
12008:
12003:
11998:
11993:
11988:
11983:
11978:
11973:
11968:
11963:
11958:
11952:
11950:
11946:
11945:
11927:
11926:
11919:
11912:
11904:
11895:
11894:
11892:
11891:
11884:
11878:
11875:
11874:
11871:
11870:
11868:
11867:
11862:
11857:
11852:
11847:
11842:
11837:
11832:
11827:
11821:
11818:
11817:
11807:
11806:
11803:
11802:
11800:
11799:
11794:
11789:
11784:
11779:
11774:
11769:
11764:
11759:
11757:Gaelic warfare
11753:
11751:
11745:
11744:
11742:
11741:
11736:
11733:Cyfraith Hywel
11730:
11724:
11722:
11716:
11715:
11699:
11698:
11695:
11694:
11691:
11690:
11688:
11687:
11682:
11680:Deeside Gaelic
11677:
11671:
11669:
11662:
11661:
11659:
11658:
11653:
11651:Hispano-Celtic
11648:
11643:
11638:
11633:
11628:
11623:
11618:
11613:
11608:
11606:Proto-Goidelic
11603:
11598:
11592:
11590:
11581:
11575:
11574:
11572:
11571:
11566:
11561:
11555:
11553:
11547:
11546:
11544:
11543:
11538:
11533:
11527:
11525:
11519:
11518:
11516:
11515:
11510:
11505:
11499:
11497:
11491:
11490:
11478:
11477:
11474:
11473:
11471:
11470:
11465:
11460:
11458:Celtic society
11455:
11453:Celtic Revival
11450:
11445:
11439:
11437:
11431:
11430:
11428:
11427:
11421:United Ireland
11418:
11413:
11408:
11402:
11400:
11396:
11395:
11393:
11392:
11387:
11382:
11376:
11374:
11370:
11369:
11367:
11366:
11365:
11364:
11354:
11353:
11352:
11342:
11337:
11332:
11327:
11326:
11325:
11315:
11314:
11313:
11308:
11297:
11295:
11291:
11290:
11280:
11279:
11276:
11275:
11272:
11271:
11269:
11268:
11266:Welsh handball
11263:
11258:
11253:
11248:
11246:Highland games
11243:
11238:
11233:
11228:
11218:
11213:
11208:
11203:
11196:
11191:
11186:
11179:
11173:
11171:
11167:
11166:
11164:
11163:
11158:
11153:
11148:
11143:
11138:
11133:
11132:
11131:
11122:
11113:
11104:
11089:
11087:
11081:
11080:
11077:
11076:
11074:
11073:
11068:
11063:
11058:
11053:
11048:
11042:
11040:
11033:
11032:
11027:
11022:
11017:
11012:
11007:
11002:
10997:
10991:
10989:
10983:
10982:
10980:
10979:
10974:
10972:Gaelic culture
10968:
10966:
10962:
10961:
10959:
10958:
10953:
10951:Highland dress
10948:
10943:
10937:
10935:
10931:
10930:
10928:
10927:
10922:
10917:
10915:Pictish stones
10912:
10907:
10902:
10897:
10892:
10887:
10882:
10877:
10872:
10871:
10870:
10860:
10854:
10852:
10846:
10845:
10843:
10842:
10837:
10832:
10827:
10822:
10817:
10811:
10809:
10805:
10804:
10802:
10801:
10796:
10791:
10786:
10781:
10776:
10771:
10766:
10761:
10756:
10751:
10746:
10741:
10735:
10733:
10723:
10722:
10712:
10711:
10708:
10707:
10704:
10703:
10700:
10699:
10697:
10696:
10691:
10686:
10680:
10678:
10674:
10673:
10671:
10670:
10658:
10646:
10634:
10622:
10610:
10597:
10595:
10585:
10576:
10575:
10574:
10573:
10568:
10558:
10553:
10552:
10551:
10541:
10540:
10539:
10534:
10529:
10519:
10517:Celtic nations
10514:
10512:Celtic Revival
10508:
10505:
10504:
10492:
10491:
10488:
10487:
10485:
10484:
10479:
10469:
10464:
10459:
10454:
10449:
10444:
10439:
10434:
10429:
10424:
10419:
10414:
10409:
10404:
10399:
10394:
10389:
10384:
10379:
10374:
10368:
10366:
10362:
10361:
10359:
10358:
10353:
10348:
10343:
10338:
10333:
10327:
10325:
10321:
10320:
10318:
10317:
10312:
10307:
10302:
10297:
10292:
10287:
10282:
10280:Celtic Animism
10277:
10275:Celtic deities
10272:
10267:
10261:
10259:
10255:
10254:
10252:
10251:
10246:
10241:
10236:
10234:Cisalpine Gaul
10231:
10230:
10229:
10224:
10206:
10197:
10172:
10163:
10161:Gaelic Ireland
10157:
10155:
10151:
10150:
10138:
10137:
10130:
10128:
10125:
10124:
10122:
10121:
10116:
10111:
10106:
10101:
10096:
10091:
10086:
10081:
10076:
10071:
10066:
10061:
10059:Manx Americans
10056:
10051:
10046:
10041:
10036:
10034:Irish Chileans
10031:
10026:
10021:
10016:
10011:
10006:
10001:
9999:English people
9996:
9991:
9986:
9981:
9976:
9970:
9968:
9964:
9963:
9961:
9960:
9958:Welsh diaspora
9955:
9950:
9948:Irish diaspora
9945:
9939:
9937:
9933:
9932:
9930:
9929:
9928:
9927:
9926:
9925:
9914:
9909:
9908:
9907:
9891:
9886:
9881:
9875:
9873:
9867:
9866:
9864:
9863:
9858:
9853:
9848:
9843:
9838:
9833:
9828:
9823:
9818:
9813:
9808:
9802:
9800:
9788:
9787:
9775:
9774:
9755:Celtic studies
9747:Celtic nations
9745:
9742:
9741:
9730:
9729:
9722:
9715:
9707:
9701:
9700:
9691:
9686:
9677:
9666:
9665:External links
9663:
9660:
9659:
9638:
9612:
9591:
9574:
9550:
9535:
9514:
9489:
9471:
9453:
9435:
9413:
9387:
9357:
9348:
9323:
9307:
9295:
9270:
9236:
9204:
9190:
9174:
9141:
9111:
9092:
9065:
9038:
9023:
9003:
8978:
8949:
8934:
8912:
8885:
8870:
8840:
8811:
8786:
8771:
8756:
8744:
8723:
8704:
8685:
8666:
8647:
8628:
8607:
8585:
8558:
8535:
8520:
8513:
8495:
8488:
8470:
8454:
8438:
8406:
8380:
8371:
8358:
8343:
8330:
8323:
8305:
8298:
8280:
8264:
8245:
8236:
8227:
8216:on 31 May 2004
8197:
8182:
8167:
8160:
8139:
8126:
8085:
8070:
8043:
8028:
8013:
7998:
7987:. 9 April 2022
7972:
7947:
7922:
7907:
7893:
7873:
7847:
7821:
7799:
7777:
7745:
7734:on 18 May 2021
7715:
7708:
7690:Payne, Malcolm
7681:
7659:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7650:
7649:
7620:
7611:
7598:
7576:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7569:
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7559:
7554:
7547:
7546:
7530:
7527:
7526:
7525:
7519:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7500:
7498:
7492:
7485:
7483:
7474:
7467:
7465:
7452:
7445:
7443:
7437:
7430:
7428:
7422:
7415:
7413:
7407:
7400:
7398:
7393:
7386:
7384:
7373:
7366:
7364:
7358:
7351:
7349:
7343:
7336:
7334:
7321:
7314:
7310:
7307:
7153:
7150:
7140:
7137:
7125:Condor Ferries
7080:
7077:
7021:LGV Atlantique
6995:off Saint-Malo
6981:
6978:
6925:
6922:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6586:
6583:
6569:Upper Brittany
6559:is related to
6557:Boule bretonne
6553:folk wrestling
6519:Thomas Coville
6495:îles de Glénan
6428:Tour de France
6374:
6373:
6324:
6322:
6315:
6309:
6306:
6300:meetings (See
6248:Celtic nations
6185:
6182:
6042:Paolo Veronese
5998:Albrecht Dürer
5950:
5947:
5922:Arthur Bernède
5882:Victor Segalen
5871:Pierre Abélard
5747:is said to be
5704:
5701:
5695:. Their song,
5450:
5447:
5403:Academic style
5345:Francis Renaud
5333:Jeanne Malivel
5282:
5279:
5184:Gothic Revival
5172:Upper Brittany
5164:Lower Brittany
5105:Lower Brittany
5075:Upper Brittany
4898:come from the
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4752:Lower Brittany
4697:
4696:
4686:
4676:
4666:
4656:
4646:
4636:
4629:Paol Aoreliann
4606:Lower Brittany
4593:
4590:
4559:Upper Brittany
4525:Gallo language
4523:Main article:
4520:
4517:
4502:
4501:
4486:
4475:
4369:Main article:
4366:
4363:
4355:Scots language
4300:Main article:
4294:Upper Brittany
4290:Lower Brittany
4282:
4279:
4245:
4242:
4069:
4066:
4047:
4044:
4027:GDP per capita
3974:has plants in
3882:
3879:
3814:
3811:
3779:
3776:
3689:
3686:
3645:, and for the
3525:basking sharks
3435:
3432:
3399:
3396:
3384:Eurasian Plate
3277:
3274:
3088:
3085:
3028:
3025:
2982:Upper Brittany
2939:Main article:
2936:
2933:
2799:
2796:
2757:Upper Brittany
2668:
2667:Capital cities
2665:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2632:
2614:
2595:
2581:Pays vannetais
2574:Lower Brittany
2571:
2570:
2569:
2550:
2532:
2514:
2496:
2475:Upper Brittany
2463:Upper Brittany
2453:Lower Brittany
2435:
2432:
2420:
2417:
2323:Celtic Revival
2300:Third Republic
2141:
2138:
2121:
2118:
2105:
2102:
1980:Main article:
1977:
1974:
1912:foreign policy
1895:
1892:
1875:
1872:
1849:Main article:
1846:
1843:
1818:
1815:
1780:evangelisation
1724:Main article:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1709:Saint Judicaël
1665:petty kingdoms
1630:
1627:
1575:
1572:
1563:Attila the Hun
1559:Flavius Aetius
1554:
1551:
1547:Magnus Maximus
1543:Conan Meriadoc
1538:
1535:
1506:
1503:
1385:Roman Republic
1354:Main article:
1351:
1348:
1282:
1281:
1253:
1177:
1153:
1121:
1080:
1077:
979:
976:
971:Main article:
968:
965:
928:[brɛχ]
734:
731:
717:that reflects
711:Celtic nations
666:in the north,
645:(13,136 sq mi)
641:Atlantic Ocean
623:to the north,
466:
465:
458:
454:
453:
443:
439:
438:
428:
424:
423:
414:
406:
405:
402:
396:
395:
389:
379:
378:
372:
366:
365:
360:
354:
353:
350:
346:
345:
341:
340:
337:
333:
332:
328:
327:
325:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
270:
269:
268:
266:
262:
261:
256:
250:
249:
242:48.000; -3.000
215:
214:
206:
205:
184:
175:
174:
149:
145:
144:
138:
132:
126:
120:
119:
118:
115:
114:
106:
105:
100:
97:
96:
56:
53:
46:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12737:
12726:
12723:
12721:
12718:
12716:
12713:
12711:
12708:
12707:
12705:
12690:
12687:
12685:
12682:
12681:
12679:
12675:
12669:
12666:
12665:
12663:
12661:North America
12659:
12653:
12650:
12648:
12645:
12643:
12640:
12638:
12635:
12633:
12630:
12628:
12625:
12624:
12622:
12618:
12612:
12609:
12607:
12604:
12602:
12599:
12597:
12594:
12592:
12589:
12587:
12584:
12582:
12579:
12577:
12574:
12572:
12569:
12567:
12564:
12562:
12559:
12557:
12554:
12552:
12549:
12547:
12544:
12542:
12539:
12537:
12534:
12532:
12529:
12527:
12524:
12522:
12519:
12517:
12514:
12513:
12511:
12507:
12502:
12492:
12489:
12487:
12484:
12482:
12479:
12477:
12474:
12472:
12469:
12467:
12464:
12462:
12459:
12457:
12454:
12452:
12449:
12447:
12444:
12442:
12439:
12437:
12436:Bellah people
12434:
12432:
12429:
12427:
12424:
12423:
12421:
12417:
12413:
12405:
12400:
12398:
12393:
12391:
12386:
12385:
12382:
12370:
12367:
12363:
12358:
12355:
12353:
12350:
12348:
12345:
12343:
12340:
12338:
12335:
12333:
12330:
12328:
12325:
12323:
12320:
12318:
12315:
12313:
12310:
12309:
12307:
12303:
12297:
12294:
12292:
12289:
12287:
12284:
12282:
12279:
12277:
12274:
12272:
12269:
12267:
12264:
12262:
12259:
12257:
12254:
12252:
12249:
12247:
12244:
12242:
12239:
12237:
12234:
12232:
12229:
12227:
12224:
12222:
12219:
12217:
12214:
12212:
12209:
12207:
12204:
12202:
12199:
12197:
12194:
12192:
12189:
12187:
12184:
12182:
12179:
12177:
12174:
12172:
12169:
12168:
12166:
12162:
12157:
12147:
12146:Trois-Évêchés
12144:
12142:
12139:
12137:
12134:
12132:
12129:
12127:
12124:
12122:
12119:
12117:
12114:
12112:
12109:
12107:
12104:
12102:
12099:
12097:
12094:
12092:
12091:Lower Navarre
12089:
12087:
12084:
12082:
12079:
12077:
12074:
12072:
12069:
12067:
12064:
12062:
12059:
12057:
12056:Île-de-France
12054:
12052:
12049:
12047:
12044:
12042:
12039:
12037:
12036:Franche-Comté
12034:
12032:
12029:
12027:
12024:
12022:
12019:
12017:
12014:
12012:
12009:
12007:
12004:
12002:
11999:
11997:
11994:
11992:
11989:
11987:
11984:
11982:
11979:
11977:
11974:
11972:
11969:
11967:
11964:
11962:
11959:
11957:
11954:
11953:
11951:
11947:
11943:
11939:
11934:
11925:
11920:
11918:
11913:
11911:
11906:
11905:
11902:
11889:
11885:
11883:
11880:
11879:
11876:
11866:
11865:– in Portugal
11863:
11861:
11858:
11856:
11853:
11851:
11848:
11846:
11845:– in Galician
11843:
11841:
11838:
11836:
11833:
11831:
11828:
11826:
11823:
11822:
11819:
11812:
11808:
11798:
11795:
11793:
11790:
11788:
11785:
11783:
11780:
11778:
11775:
11773:
11770:
11768:
11765:
11763:
11760:
11758:
11755:
11754:
11752:
11750:
11746:
11740:
11737:
11734:
11731:
11729:
11726:
11725:
11723:
11721:
11717:
11713:
11709:
11704:
11700:
11686:
11683:
11681:
11678:
11676:
11673:
11672:
11670:
11667:
11663:
11657:
11654:
11652:
11649:
11647:
11644:
11642:
11639:
11637:
11634:
11632:
11629:
11627:
11624:
11622:
11619:
11617:
11614:
11612:
11609:
11607:
11604:
11602:
11599:
11597:
11594:
11593:
11591:
11589:
11585:
11582:
11580:
11576:
11570:
11567:
11565:
11562:
11560:
11557:
11556:
11554:
11552:
11548:
11542:
11539:
11537:
11534:
11532:
11529:
11528:
11526:
11524:
11520:
11514:
11511:
11509:
11506:
11504:
11501:
11500:
11498:
11496:
11492:
11488:
11483:
11479:
11469:
11466:
11464:
11461:
11459:
11456:
11454:
11451:
11449:
11446:
11444:
11443:Celtic League
11441:
11440:
11438:
11436:
11435:Pan-Celticism
11432:
11426:
11422:
11419:
11417:
11414:
11412:
11409:
11407:
11404:
11403:
11401:
11397:
11391:
11388:
11386:
11383:
11381:
11378:
11377:
11375:
11371:
11363:
11360:
11359:
11358:
11355:
11351:
11348:
11347:
11346:
11343:
11341:
11338:
11336:
11333:
11331:
11328:
11324:
11321:
11320:
11319:
11316:
11312:
11311:reunification
11309:
11307:
11304:
11303:
11302:
11299:
11298:
11296:
11292:
11285:
11281:
11267:
11264:
11262:
11259:
11257:
11254:
11252:
11249:
11247:
11244:
11242:
11239:
11237:
11234:
11232:
11229:
11226:
11222:
11219:
11217:
11214:
11212:
11209:
11207:
11204:
11202:
11201:
11197:
11195:
11192:
11190:
11187:
11185:
11184:
11180:
11178:
11175:
11174:
11172:
11168:
11162:
11159:
11157:
11154:
11152:
11149:
11147:
11144:
11142:
11139:
11137:
11134:
11130:
11126:
11123:
11121:
11117:
11114:
11112:
11108:
11105:
11103:
11099:
11096:
11095:
11094:
11091:
11090:
11088:
11086:
11082:
11072:
11069:
11067:
11064:
11062:
11059:
11057:
11054:
11052:
11049:
11047:
11044:
11043:
11041:
11037:
11031:
11028:
11026:
11023:
11021:
11018:
11016:
11013:
11011:
11008:
11006:
11003:
11001:
10998:
10996:
10993:
10992:
10990:
10988:
10984:
10978:
10975:
10973:
10970:
10969:
10967:
10963:
10957:
10954:
10952:
10949:
10947:
10944:
10942:
10939:
10938:
10936:
10932:
10926:
10925:Triple spiral
10923:
10921:
10918:
10916:
10913:
10911:
10908:
10906:
10903:
10901:
10898:
10896:
10893:
10891:
10888:
10886:
10883:
10881:
10878:
10876:
10873:
10869:
10866:
10865:
10864:
10861:
10859:
10856:
10855:
10853:
10851:
10847:
10841:
10838:
10836:
10833:
10831:
10828:
10826:
10823:
10821:
10818:
10816:
10813:
10812:
10810:
10806:
10800:
10797:
10795:
10792:
10790:
10787:
10785:
10782:
10780:
10777:
10775:
10772:
10770:
10767:
10765:
10762:
10760:
10757:
10755:
10752:
10750:
10747:
10745:
10744:Bardic Poetry
10742:
10740:
10737:
10736:
10734:
10732:
10728:
10724:
10717:
10713:
10695:
10692:
10690:
10687:
10685:
10682:
10681:
10679:
10675:
10667:
10662:
10659:
10655:
10650:
10647:
10643:
10638:
10635:
10631:
10626:
10623:
10619:
10614:
10611:
10607:
10602:
10599:
10598:
10596:
10593:
10592:Celtic League
10589:
10586:
10584:
10580:
10572:
10569:
10567:
10564:
10563:
10562:
10559:
10557:
10554:
10550:
10547:
10546:
10545:
10542:
10538:
10535:
10533:
10532:Celtic League
10530:
10528:
10525:
10524:
10523:
10522:Pan-Celticism
10520:
10518:
10515:
10513:
10510:
10509:
10506:
10502:
10497:
10493:
10483:
10480:
10477:
10473:
10470:
10468:
10465:
10463:
10460:
10458:
10455:
10453:
10450:
10448:
10445:
10443:
10440:
10438:
10435:
10433:
10430:
10428:
10425:
10423:
10422:Gaelicisation
10420:
10418:
10415:
10413:
10410:
10408:
10405:
10403:
10400:
10398:
10397:Celticisation
10395:
10393:
10390:
10388:
10385:
10383:
10380:
10378:
10375:
10373:
10370:
10369:
10367:
10363:
10357:
10354:
10352:
10349:
10347:
10344:
10342:
10339:
10337:
10334:
10332:
10329:
10328:
10326:
10322:
10316:
10313:
10311:
10308:
10306:
10303:
10301:
10298:
10296:
10293:
10291:
10288:
10286:
10283:
10281:
10278:
10276:
10273:
10271:
10268:
10266:
10263:
10262:
10260:
10256:
10250:
10247:
10245:
10242:
10240:
10237:
10235:
10232:
10228:
10225:
10223:
10219:
10215:
10212:
10211:
10210:
10207:
10205:
10201:
10200:Iron Age Gaul
10198:
10196:
10192:
10188:
10184:
10183:Roman Britain
10180:
10176:
10173:
10171:
10167:
10164:
10162:
10159:
10158:
10156:
10152:
10148:
10143:
10139:
10134:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10107:
10105:
10102:
10100:
10097:
10095:
10092:
10090:
10087:
10085:
10082:
10080:
10077:
10075:
10072:
10070:
10067:
10065:
10062:
10060:
10057:
10055:
10052:
10050:
10047:
10045:
10042:
10040:
10039:Irish Mexican
10037:
10035:
10032:
10030:
10027:
10025:
10022:
10020:
10017:
10015:
10012:
10010:
10007:
10005:
10002:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9985:
9982:
9980:
9977:
9975:
9972:
9971:
9969:
9965:
9959:
9956:
9954:
9951:
9949:
9946:
9944:
9941:
9940:
9938:
9934:
9924:
9920:
9919:
9918:
9915:
9913:
9910:
9906:
9902:
9901:
9900:
9897:
9896:
9895:
9892:
9890:
9887:
9885:
9882:
9880:
9877:
9876:
9874:
9872:
9868:
9862:
9859:
9857:
9854:
9852:
9849:
9847:
9844:
9842:
9839:
9837:
9834:
9832:
9829:
9827:
9824:
9822:
9819:
9817:
9814:
9812:
9809:
9807:
9804:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9793:
9789:
9785:
9780:
9776:
9772:
9768:
9764:
9763:Celtic tribes
9760:
9756:
9752:
9748:
9743:
9739:
9735:
9728:
9723:
9721:
9716:
9714:
9709:
9708:
9705:
9699:
9697:
9694:The official
9692:
9690:
9687:
9685:
9681:
9678:
9672:
9669:
9668:
9648:
9642:
9626:
9622:
9616:
9601:
9595:
9588:
9584:
9578:
9571:
9570:2-911447-72-7
9567:
9563:
9559:
9554:
9546:
9539:
9524:
9518:
9503:
9499:
9493:
9485:
9481:
9475:
9467:
9463:
9457:
9449:
9445:
9439:
9423:
9417:
9401:
9397:
9391:
9375:
9371:
9367:
9361:
9352:
9341:
9334:
9327:
9320:
9316:
9311:
9304:
9299:
9288:
9281:
9278:INSEE (ed.).
9274:
9263:
9256:
9249:
9247:
9245:
9243:
9241:
9221:
9214:
9208:
9202:
9194:
9187:
9183:
9182:Fañch Broudic
9178:
9159:
9152:
9145:
9138:
9136:
9131:
9127:
9124:
9118:
9116:
9107:
9103:
9096:
9080:
9076:
9073:INSEE (ed.).
9069:
9053:
9049:
9042:
9034:
9027:
9021:
9017:
9012:
9010:
9008:
8992:
8989:(in French).
8988:
8982:
8975:
8963:
8959:
8953:
8945:
8938:
8922:
8916:
8900:
8896:
8889:
8881:
8874:
8858:
8854:
8847:
8845:
8828:
8824:
8818:
8816:
8800:
8797:(in French).
8796:
8790:
8782:
8775:
8768:
8767:Diwan FAQ, #6
8760:
8754:at breizh.net
8753:
8748:
8741:
8740:
8736:
8733:
8727:
8719:
8715:
8708:
8700:
8696:
8689:
8681:
8677:
8670:
8662:
8658:
8651:
8643:
8639:
8632:
8617:
8611:
8603:
8599:
8592:
8590:
8573:
8569:
8562:
8554:
8550:
8546:
8539:
8531:
8524:
8516:
8510:
8506:
8499:
8491:
8489:2-7373-1516-6
8485:
8481:
8474:
8467:
8465:
8464:Ar Seiz Breur
8461:J. R. Rotté,
8458:
8450:
8449:
8442:
8423:
8416:
8410:
8394:
8390:
8384:
8375:
8368:
8362:
8354:
8347:
8340:
8334:
8326:
8324:2-02-054890-9
8320:
8316:
8309:
8301:
8299:2-9510310-3-3
8295:
8291:
8284:
8277:
8273:
8272:Léon Fleuriot
8268:
8261:
8255:
8249:
8240:
8231:
8215:
8211:
8204:
8202:
8194:. p. 75.
8193:
8186:
8178:
8171:
8163:
8161:2-7028-6261-6
8157:
8153:
8146:
8144:
8136:
8133:Mark Patton,
8130:
8122:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8104:
8100:
8096:
8089:
8081:
8074:
8058:
8054:
8047:
8039:
8032:
8024:
8017:
8010:. p. 34.
8009:
8002:
7986:
7982:
7976:
7961:
7957:
7951:
7936:
7932:
7926:
7918:
7911:
7896:
7890:
7886:
7885:
7877:
7861:
7857:
7851:
7835:
7831:
7825:
7809:
7803:
7787:
7781:
7765:
7761:
7760:The Telegraph
7756:
7749:
7733:
7729:
7725:
7719:
7711:
7705:
7701:
7697:
7696:
7691:
7685:
7677:
7673:
7667:
7665:
7660:
7647:
7643:
7642:Fontainebleau
7639:
7635:
7631:
7624:
7615:
7608:
7602:
7595:
7591:
7587:
7581:
7577:
7567:
7564:in French as
7563:
7562:Great Britain
7560:
7558:
7555:
7552:
7549:
7548:
7544:
7543:France portal
7533:
7523:
7516:
7511:
7504:
7499:
7496:
7489:
7484:
7481:
7477:
7471:
7466:
7463:
7459:
7455:
7449:
7444:
7441:
7440:Saint-Mathieu
7434:
7429:
7426:
7419:
7414:
7410:
7404:
7399:
7396:
7390:
7385:
7381:
7377:
7370:
7365:
7362:
7355:
7350:
7347:
7340:
7335:
7332:
7328:
7324:
7318:
7313:
7312:
7306:
7304:
7300:
7296:
7295:
7290:
7286:
7282:
7278:
7274:
7270:
7265:
7263:
7259:
7258:
7252:
7250:
7246:
7242:
7238:
7234:
7230:
7226:
7222:
7218:
7210:
7205:
7201:
7199:
7195:
7191:
7187:
7186:American flag
7183:
7179:
7175:
7171:
7167:
7158:
7149:
7145:
7136:
7134:
7130:
7126:
7122:
7118:
7114:
7113:Irish Ferries
7110:
7106:
7102:
7098:
7094:
7090:
7086:
7076:
7074:
7070:
7066:
7062:
7058:
7054:
7050:
7046:
7042:
7038:
7034:
7030:
7026:
7022:
7018:
7014:
7010:
7006:
7002:
6994:
6991:
6986:
6977:
6975:
6971:
6967:
6963:
6959:
6955:
6951:
6947:
6943:
6935:
6930:
6921:
6919:
6915:
6911:
6910:A84 autoroute
6907:
6906:A81 autoroute
6903:
6899:
6898:A11 autoroute
6895:
6891:
6889:
6885:
6881:
6877:
6873:
6869:
6865:
6861:
6857:
6853:
6849:
6845:
6841:
6837:
6833:
6829:
6825:
6821:
6817:
6813:
6809:
6805:
6800:
6798:
6794:
6790:
6786:
6779:
6774:
6760:
6758:
6754:
6753:
6748:
6747:
6742:
6738:
6734:
6730:
6726:
6722:
6718:
6714:
6710:
6706:
6702:
6698:
6694:
6690:
6686:
6682:
6677:
6675:
6671:
6668:known as the
6667:
6663:
6659:
6655:
6651:
6647:
6643:
6641:
6637:
6633:
6629:
6628:
6623:
6619:
6615:
6611:
6607:
6603:
6595:
6591:
6582:
6580:
6576:
6572:
6570:
6566:
6562:
6558:
6554:
6551:, a style of
6550:
6546:
6544:
6540:
6536:
6532:
6531:Route du Rhum
6528:
6524:
6520:
6516:
6512:
6508:
6504:
6500:
6496:
6492:
6488:
6484:
6480:
6475:
6473:
6469:
6465:
6461:
6457:
6455:
6454:
6449:
6445:
6441:
6437:
6436:Louison Bobet
6433:
6429:
6424:
6422:
6418:
6414:
6410:
6406:
6402:
6398:
6394:
6388:
6384:
6380:
6370:
6367:
6359:
6349:
6345:
6341:
6335:
6334:
6330:
6325:This section
6323:
6319:
6314:
6313:
6305:
6303:
6299:
6295:
6291:
6287:
6283:
6278:
6276:
6272:
6268:
6264:
6259:
6257:
6253:
6249:
6245:
6241:
6237:
6233:
6229:
6225:
6221:
6217:
6213:
6209:
6205:
6197:
6196:
6190:
6181:
6179:
6175:
6171:
6167:
6163:
6162:
6156:
6155:
6149:
6146:, where many
6145:
6144:Saint-Nazaire
6141:
6140:
6134:
6130:
6126:
6122:
6118:
6114:
6109:
6107:
6103:
6099:
6095:
6091:
6087:
6086:Piero Manzoni
6083:
6079:
6075:
6071:
6067:
6063:
6059:
6055:
6051:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6035:
6031:
6030:Pablo Picasso
6027:
6023:
6022:Camille Corot
6019:
6018:Auguste Rodin
6015:
6011:
6007:
6003:
5999:
5995:
5991:
5987:
5982:
5980:
5976:
5972:
5968:
5964:
5960:
5956:
5946:
5944:
5943:Julius Caesar
5940:
5939:
5933:
5931:
5927:
5923:
5919:
5918:Jean Guéhenno
5915:
5911:
5907:
5903:
5899:
5895:
5891:
5887:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5872:
5868:
5864:
5860:
5856:
5852:
5848:
5844:
5840:
5836:
5831:
5829:
5825:
5821:
5817:
5813:
5810:, founder of
5809:
5805:
5801:
5797:
5796:Erwan Berthou
5793:
5789:
5785:
5781:
5777:
5773:
5768:
5766:
5762:
5758:
5754:
5753:Morgan le Fay
5750:
5749:Merlin's tomb
5746:
5742:
5738:
5734:
5730:
5726:
5722:
5714:
5709:
5700:
5698:
5694:
5690:
5686:
5681:
5679:
5675:
5671:
5667:
5663:
5659:
5655:
5654:
5649:
5648:Cécile Corbel
5645:
5644:
5639:
5635:
5633:
5629:
5626:
5622:
5621:Nolwenn Leroy
5618:
5614:
5613:Denez Prigent
5610:
5606:
5602:
5598:
5597:Gilles Servat
5594:
5590:
5584:
5579:
5575:
5571:
5570:rock and roll
5568:
5564:
5560:
5552:
5548:
5547:Nolwenn Leroy
5544:
5540:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5521:
5520:Kan ha diskan
5517:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5487:
5482:
5481:
5473:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5456:
5446:
5444:
5440:
5436:
5435:Raymond Wintz
5432:
5431:Paul Sérusier
5428:
5424:
5420:
5416:
5415:Impressionism
5410:
5404:
5400:
5396:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5364:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5353:Joseph Savina
5350:
5349:Georges Robin
5346:
5342:
5341:Raffig Tullou
5338:
5334:
5330:
5325:
5321:
5317:
5313:
5309:
5306:
5302:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5278:
5276:
5275:Olier Mordrel
5272:
5271:James Bouillé
5268:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5255:Saint-Nazaire
5252:
5248:
5244:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5223:
5221:
5217:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5116:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5099:
5095:
5090:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5065:
5060:
5056:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5002:
5001:Dol Cathedral
4998:
4994:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4957:French Gothic
4954:
4949:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4909:
4905:
4904:Carnac stones
4901:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4890:
4885:
4878:
4874:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4833:Côtes-d'Armor
4830:
4826:
4825:
4821:was the only
4820:
4816:
4812:
4807:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4793:
4789:
4788:
4783:
4776:
4772:
4767:
4763:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4737:
4732:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4694:
4690:
4687:
4684:
4680:
4677:
4674:
4670:
4669:Samsun of Dol
4667:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4650:
4647:
4644:
4640:
4637:
4634:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4607:
4603:
4598:
4589:
4587:
4582:
4580:
4574:
4572:
4567:
4565:
4560:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4539:Langues d'oïl
4531:
4526:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4507:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4457:
4452:
4450:
4444:
4437:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4377:
4372:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4347:Bay of Biscay
4344:
4340:
4336:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4312:mother tongue
4309:
4303:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4278:
4276:
4270:
4267:
4264:
4255:
4250:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4229:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4218:Saint-Nazaire
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4154:
4152:
4151:Côtes-d'Armor
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4075:
4065:
4063:
4059:
4053:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4015:
4012:
4008:
4004:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3976:Saint-Nazaire
3973:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3956:Saint-Nazaire
3953:
3945:
3941:
3936:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3913:Saint-Nazaire
3910:
3906:
3898:
3897:Saint-Nazaire
3894:
3893:
3887:
3878:
3876:
3873:, settled in
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3841:in 1995. The
3840:
3836:
3833:in 1971, the
3832:
3829:in 1962, the
3828:
3825:in 1961, the
3824:
3821:in 1919, the
3820:
3810:
3808:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3796:Diwan schools
3792:
3790:
3786:
3775:
3773:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3600:
3598:
3597:European mink
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3579:, shades and
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3511:
3506:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3495:common swifts
3492:
3488:
3487:barn swallows
3484:
3480:
3476:
3475:common murres
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3455:
3449:
3445:
3444:ocean sunfish
3440:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3420:Monts d'Arrée
3417:
3413:
3410:, similar to
3409:
3405:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3287:
3286:Pointe du Raz
3282:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3262:Monts d'Arrée
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3200:Monts d'Arrée
3197:
3193:
3186:
3185:Monts d'Arrée
3182:
3177:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3116:Bay of Biscay
3113:
3109:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3084:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3068:Côtes-d'Armor
3064:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3033:Saint-Nazaire
3024:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2935:Reunification
2932:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2648:
2645:
2644:Côtes-d'Armor
2641:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2611:Côtes-d'Armor
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2544:Côtes-d'Armor
2541:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2370:Saint-Nazaire
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2331:pan-Celticism
2328:
2324:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2261:Second Empire
2254:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2230:Châteaubriant
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2182:Côtes-d'Armor
2179:
2175:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2150:Côtes-d'Armor
2146:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2120:Breton exodus
2117:
2115:
2111:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2039:Ancien Régime
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1874:Norman allies
1871:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1837:was given to
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1775:Pater Patriae
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1654:Léon Fleuriot
1647:
1642:
1638:
1636:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1298:Julius Caesar
1295:
1294:confederation
1291:
1287:
1286:Insular Celts
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1170:Côtes-d'Armor
1167:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1109:Côtes-d'Armor
1106:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1069:Carnac stones
1066:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
989:
988:Carnac stones
984:
974:
964:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
893:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
866:
864:
860:
856:
853:(in English "
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
823:
817:
815:
814:
809:
805:
801:
800:British Isles
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
730:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
707:Breton people
704:
700:
696:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
664:Côtes-d'Armor
662:in the west,
661:
657:
653:
648:
642:
638:
634:
633:Bay of Biscay
630:
626:
622:
618:
617:Great Britain
613:
611:
608:in 1532 as a
607:
603:
600:before being
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
582:cultural area
579:
575:
570:
562:
558:
554:
549:
541:
537:
530:
524:
516:
512:
511:
502:
472:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
444:
440:
436:
432:
429:
425:
421:
420:
415:
411:
403:
401:
400:ISO 3166 code
397:
393:
390:
386:
380:
376:
373:
371:
367:
364:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
342:
338:
334:
329:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
292:Saint-Nazaire
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
274:
267:
263:
260:
257:
255:
251:
246:
218:Coordinates:
216:
212:
207:
181:
176:
171:
167:
163:
160:
155:
154:
146:
136:
129:
124:
116:
112:
107:
103:
98:
93:
88:
81:
74:
67:
60:
51:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
12689:West Papuans
12631:
12000:
11882:Celts portal
11840:– in Spanish
11675:Arran Gaelic
11596:Proto-Celtic
11564:Bungi Creole
11463:Celtic unity
11399:Independence
11198:
11181:
11005:Gaelic music
10941:Celtic Dress
10890:High crosses
10880:Celtic cross
10858:Bell shrines
10789:Irish annals
10600:
10571:Neo-Druidism
10566:Celtic Wicca
10537:Celtic union
10501:Modern Celts
10392:Celtic women
10295:Celtic Rites
10244:Transylvania
10221:
10104:Ulster Scots
9974:Anglo-Celtic
9821:Celtiberians
9766:
9758:
9750:
9738:modern Celts
9695:
9675:(in English)
9650:. Retrieved
9641:
9629:. Retrieved
9625:the original
9615:
9603:. Retrieved
9594:
9586:
9582:
9577:
9561:
9553:
9538:
9526:. Retrieved
9517:
9505:. Retrieved
9501:
9492:
9484:the original
9474:
9466:the original
9456:
9448:the original
9438:
9426:. Retrieved
9416:
9404:. Retrieved
9400:the original
9390:
9378:. Retrieved
9374:the original
9369:
9360:
9355:Hervé_Jaouen
9351:
9326:
9318:
9310:
9302:
9298:
9273:
9262:the original
9227:. Retrieved
9220:the original
9207:
9193:
9185:
9177:
9165:. Retrieved
9158:the original
9144:
9135:Ouest-France
9134:
9106:the original
9095:
9083:. Retrieved
9079:the original
9068:
9056:. Retrieved
9052:the original
9041:
9026:
8994:. Retrieved
8981:
8973:
8966:. Retrieved
8961:
8952:
8937:
8925:. Retrieved
8915:
8903:. Retrieved
8899:the original
8888:
8873:
8861:. Retrieved
8857:the original
8831:. Retrieved
8827:the original
8802:. Retrieved
8789:
8774:
8759:
8747:
8730:
8726:
8718:the original
8707:
8699:the original
8688:
8680:the original
8669:
8661:the original
8650:
8642:the original
8631:
8619:. Retrieved
8610:
8602:the original
8576:. Retrieved
8572:the original
8561:
8553:the original
8548:
8538:
8523:
8504:
8498:
8479:
8473:
8462:
8457:
8447:
8441:
8429:. Retrieved
8422:the original
8409:
8397:. Retrieved
8393:the original
8383:
8374:
8366:
8361:
8346:
8338:
8333:
8314:
8308:
8289:
8283:
8275:
8267:
8259:
8248:
8239:
8230:
8218:. Retrieved
8214:the original
8191:
8185:
8176:
8170:
8151:
8134:
8129:
8102:
8098:
8088:
8079:
8073:
8061:. Retrieved
8057:the original
8046:
8037:
8031:
8022:
8016:
8007:
8001:
7989:. Retrieved
7984:
7975:
7963:. Retrieved
7959:
7950:
7938:. Retrieved
7934:
7925:
7916:
7910:
7898:. Retrieved
7883:
7876:
7864:. Retrieved
7860:the original
7850:
7838:. Retrieved
7834:the original
7824:
7812:. Retrieved
7802:
7790:. Retrieved
7780:
7768:. Retrieved
7759:
7748:
7736:. Retrieved
7732:the original
7727:
7718:
7694:
7684:
7675:
7623:
7614:
7601:
7580:
7565:
7495:Batz-sur-Mer
7475:
7453:
7379:
7344:A dolmen in
7292:
7288:
7266:
7262:Welsh anthem
7255:
7253:
7244:
7225:fleur-de-lis
7217:ermine plain
7216:
7214:
7198:Cornish flag
7169:
7163:
7146:
7142:
7082:
7049:TER Bretagne
6998:
6992:
6939:
6892:
6812:Saint-Brieuc
6801:
6782:
6750:
6746:kouign amann
6744:
6743:include the
6721:Saint-Brieuc
6693:beurre blanc
6678:
6661:
6644:
6639:
6630:, a sort of
6625:
6621:
6618:Tri Martolod
6617:
6613:
6599:
6573:
6567:, common in
6564:
6547:
6523:Vincent Riou
6503:Loïck Peyron
6499:Éric Tabarly
6476:
6458:
6451:
6425:
6391:
6383:Roazhon Park
6362:
6353:
6338:Please help
6326:
6279:
6262:
6260:
6201:
6193:
6178:Musée Dobrée
6160:
6153:
6139:Éric Tabarly
6136:
6110:
6014:Paul Gauguin
5994:Parmigianino
5983:
5952:
5936:
5934:
5926:André Breton
5898:Herve Jaouen
5886:Xavier Grall
5878:Alfred Jarry
5863:Ernest Renan
5832:
5808:Roparz Hemon
5783:
5769:
5718:
5682:
5652:
5641:
5638:Yann Tiersen
5636:
5634:from Brest.
5593:Soldat Louis
5578:Gwerz (band)
5559:Alan Stivell
5556:
5551:Alan Stivell
5484:
5478:
5476:
5459:Breton dance
5427:Marc Chagall
5419:Paul Gauguin
5392:
5365:
5298:
5294:Paul Gauguin
5289:
5224:
5128:neoclassical
5117:
5109:parish close
5102:
5068:
5064:Plougoumelen
4950:
4893:
4887:
4881:
4868:Architecture
4837:départements
4836:
4822:
4811:nonreligious
4808:
4803:
4796:
4785:
4779:
4741:
4717:patron saint
4698:
4653:Saint-Brieuc
4611:
4583:
4575:
4568:
4555:
4536:
4514:
4505:
4503:
4497:
4489:
4478:
4468:Cornouillais
4467:
4453:
4445:
4441:
4383:Breton is a
4382:
4361:since 2004.
4332:
4305:
4271:
4268:
4259:
4230:
4186:Saint-Brieuc
4155:
4131:Saint-Brieuc
4092:
4068:Demographics
4061:
4058:The Guardian
4055:
4037:
4016:
4009:and 8.4% in
4000:
3952:Shipbuilding
3948:
3944:Le Guilvinec
3902:
3892:Queen Mary 2
3891:
3861:. After the
3816:
3804:
3793:
3781:
3769:
3755:
3740:
3708:
3663:
3639:Breton horse
3636:
3601:
3555:live on the
3543:, crabs and
3535:, dolphins,
3514:
3510:Breton horse
3456:
3452:
3401:
3369:
3357:Groix island
3353:Metamorphism
3334:
3291:
3231:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3208:
3203:
3189:
3151:
3128:
3105:
3065:
3030:
3002:
2967:
2956:
2902:
2890:Loire Valley
2881:
2874:
2851:
2847:départements
2845:
2839:
2826:départements
2825:
2761:
2686:
2661:départements
2654:
2646:
2635:
2628:
2617:
2598:
2591:
2580:
2553:
2546:
2540:Saint-Brieuc
2535:
2528:
2517:
2510:
2500:Pays rennais
2499:
2492:
2482:Pays nantais
2481:
2461:
2451:
2440:départements
2437:
2394:
2362:Nazi Germany
2351:
2320:
2296:Francization
2289:
2258:
2218:shipbuilding
2210:
2171:
2123:
2107:
2066:Saint-Brieuc
2051:
1996:
1963:
1936:
1917:
1909:
1897:
1877:
1865:
1863:of England.
1854:
1820:
1784:
1773:
1755:
1651:
1632:
1600:
1577:
1556:
1540:
1508:
1472:
1449:
1441:
1395:), Vorgium (
1370:
1341:
1337:
1330:pays de Caux
1302:Curiosolitae
1283:
1263:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1221:
1213:
1209:
1201:
1191:
1184:
1163:
1137:
1131:
1117:départements
1115:
1101:Curiosolitae
1090:
1062:
1041:
1027:. After the
1013:Homo sapiens
1011:
999:Neanderthals
992:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
922:
900:
896:
894:
889:
885:
867:
862:
850:
846:
820:
818:
812:
807:
803:
769:
762:
758:
754:
753:equivalents
738:
736:
713:, retaining
692:
649:
614:
560:
556:
470:
469:
461:
449:
434:
417:
317:Saint-Brieuc
165:
161:
158:
151:
139:Coat of arms
44:
12526:Balochistan
12431:Barotseland
12360: [
12347:Sarrewerden
12327:Montbéliard
11996:Bourbonnais
11797:Trimarcisia
11782:Gallóglaigh
11611:Celtiberian
11335:Isle of Man
11294:Nationalism
11183:Bataireacht
11102:Calan Gaeaf
11061:Isle of Man
10905:Leaf-crowns
10895:Insular art
10868:Dragonesque
10830:Isle of Man
10684:Nova Scotia
10637:Isle of Man
10561:Neopaganism
10305:Monasticism
9816:Caledonians
9652:30 December
9631:30 December
9605:30 December
9528:30 December
9198:(in French)
8996:11 December
8764:(in French)
8621:30 December
8578:28 February
8399:26 February
8220:26 February
7985:Le Monde.fr
7940:16 February
7792:11 December
7644:and to the
7522:Ploumanac'h
7327:Brocéliande
7170:Gwenn ha Du
7164:The modern
6993:MS Bretagne
6699:, close to
6676:dumplings.
6670:kig ha farz
6507:Jean Le Cam
6460:Rugby Union
6111:Museums in
6066:Paul Signac
5894:Irène Frain
5890:Jean Rouaud
5859:Jules Verne
5804:King Arthur
5792:neo-Druidic
5733:Brocéliande
5725:King Arthur
5678:world music
5666:avant-garde
5605:Dan Ar Braz
5581: [
5563:Celtic harp
5516:Celtic harp
5512:French Navy
5508:Lann-Bihoué
5469:Lann-Bihoué
5423:Paul Signac
5384:Orientalism
5361:Jean Fréour
5337:Xavier Haas
5301:Catholicism
5235:Art Nouveau
5231:historicist
5200:lighthouses
5188:Eclecticism
5140:ship-owners
5130:buildings.
4824:département
4784:called the
4769:A sculpted
4738:, Finistère
4413:bourgeoisie
4409:Middle Ages
4226:département
4184:46,097 and
4137:. In 2017,
4039:département
3998:and Brest.
3917:green beans
3845:, based in
3772:Jules Ferry
3643:draft horse
3370:During the
3361:glaucophane
3252:, like the
3238:Brocéliande
3227:Middle Ages
3225:during the
3183:around the
2907:formed the
2882:département
2840:During the
2655:During the
2647:département
2629:département
2599:Cornouaille
2592:département
2547:département
2529:département
2518:Pays de Dol
2511:département
2493:département
2267:during the
2265:Camp Conlie
2206:Chouannerie
2178:departments
2054:Netherlands
2043:royal court
2001:, the Duke
1762:Cornouaille
1749:during the
1715:Middle Ages
1677:Cornouaille
1373:Gallic Wars
1371:During the
1265:département
1214:département
1210:département
1193:département
1165:département
1133:département
1091:During the
1064:département
1025:Magdalenian
955:script, or
719:its history
596:and then a
240: /
159:Historical:
12704:Categories
12561:Khuzestani
12556:Khmer Krom
12476:Somaliland
12426:Afrikaners
12291:Vermandois
12181:Beaujolais
12131:Roussillon
11860:– in Italy
11762:Ceathairne
11626:Gallaecian
11256:Road bowls
11161:Eisteddfod
11129:Calan Awst
11125:Lughnasadh
10731:Literature
10594:definition
10417:Clan chief
10204:Roman Gaul
10195:Hen Ogledd
9921:including
9903:including
9380:5 December
9370:www.gaa.ie
8254:"Brittany"
8105:. p. 117.
7991:18 October
7965:18 October
7738:6 November
7655:References
7630:Penthièvre
7411:lighthouse
7409:Île Vierge
7376:Saint-Malo
7374:Castle of
7346:Plouharnel
7269:triskelion
7190:Red Ensign
7129:Saint-Malo
7101:Saint-Malo
7097:Portsmouth
7037:Strasbourg
7009:Le Croisic
6918:toll roads
6876:Saint-Malo
6864:Châteaulin
6797:toll roads
6666:pot-au-feu
6662:lait ribot
6658:buttermilk
6636:eau de vie
6527:Marc Pajot
6487:Concarneau
6440:Jean Robic
6405:FC Lorient
6294:Douarnenez
6275:Concarneau
6208:Saint-Malo
6135:, and the
6121:Douarnenez
6113:Saint-Malo
6038:Peter Lely
5961:and local
5959:Prehistory
5914:Paul Féval
5504:pipe bands
5368:needlework
5324:Seiz Breur
5220:Île Vierge
5212:La Vieille
5156:Port-Louis
5144:Saint-Malo
4977:Saint-Malo
4973:Concarneau
4953:Romanesque
4884:megalithic
4787:Tro Breizh
4782:pilgrimage
4721:Saint Anne
4705:Columbanus
4689:Kaourintin
4663:Saint-Malo
4618:Roman Gaul
4600:Sculpted "
4490:Trégorrois
4198:Concarneau
4182:Saint-Malo
4135:Saint-Malo
4072:See also:
4050:See also:
3921:artichokes
3919:, onions,
3875:Coëtquidan
3728:Francis II
3692:See also:
3565:anglerfish
3529:grey seals
3499:partridges
3467:razorbills
3459:cormorants
3372:Quaternary
3141:is a vast
3124:Iroise Sea
3049:the Greens
2802:See also:
2558:Saint-Malo
2423:See also:
2382:Saint-Malo
2335:Seiz Breur
2284:Saint-Malo
2282:attack on
2226:metallurgy
2098:Colbertism
2074:Saint-Malo
2003:Francis II
1884:Alan Rufus
1561:to combat
1079:Gallic era
1056:stone rows
1048:Quelfénnec
1023:or to the
1017:industries
868:After the
808:*kʷritanoi
637:Celtic Sea
565:pronounced
544:pronounced
519:pronounced
513:; French:
460:Brittany (
344:Population
312:Saint-Malo
12637:Catalonia
12342:Salm-Salm
12216:Couserans
12211:Comminges
12201:Cambrésis
12136:Saintonge
12106:Orléanais
12096:Nivernais
12061:Languedoc
12011:Champagne
11961:Angoumois
11792:Redshanks
11767:Ceithearn
11495:Brittonic
11487:Languages
11120:Calan Mai
11111:Gŵyl Fair
11085:Festivals
10900:Interlace
10324:Mythology
10315:Practices
10227:Gallaecia
9841:Galatians
9123:Résultats
8317:. Seuil.
8121:1854-2492
7551:Brigantes
7041:Marseille
6793:motorways
6778:Tréveneuc
6763:Transport
6723:, BN and
6717:Pont-Aven
6674:buckwheat
6654:buckwheat
6600:Although
6483:Pornichet
6413:Vannes OC
6397:FC Nantes
6356:June 2021
6327:does not
6298:tall ship
6290:Utopiales
6195:Götheborg
6184:Festivals
6154:Normandie
6098:Pont-Aven
6078:Max Ernst
6002:Rembrandt
5963:megaliths
5874:Max Jacob
5824:Pêr Denez
5683:In 2022,
5533:quadrille
5525:passepied
5399:Pont-Aven
5281:Fine arts
5216:La Jument
5160:longhouse
5152:Le Palais
5096:villa in
4961:sandstone
4923:Mane Braz
4845:Finistère
4756:feast day
4602:calvaries
4506:Vannetais
4498:KLT group
4492:, around
4481:, around
4470:, around
4460:continuum
4275:left-wing
4168:140,064,
4143:Finistère
4017:In 2018,
3890:RMS
3800:immersion
3688:Education
3659:Armorican
3626:, foxes,
3624:wild boar
3541:jellyfish
3537:porpoises
3491:woodcocks
3483:pheasants
3388:fractures
3330:limestone
3326:sandstone
3320:, mostly
3246:moorlands
3242:heathland
3204:Roc'h Ruz
3147:Belle Île
3108:peninsula
3101:Trégastel
3072:Finistère
2957:When the
2866:electoral
2638:, around
2626:Finistère
2620:, around
2607:Finistère
2601:, around
2583:, around
2556:, around
2538:, around
2520:, around
2502:, around
2484:, around
2249:Fouesnant
2186:Finistère
2154:Finistère
2031:Francis I
2027:Louis XII
2017:besieged
1955:Castillon
1861:Æthelstan
1701:Vannetais
1658:Brythonic
1646:Brythonic
1603:Anthemius
1580:Riothamus
1574:Riothamus
1525:) on the
1417:grid plan
1413:civitates
1338:Lemovices
1322:Lemovices
1161:Finistère
945:Breton zh
886:Britannia
847:aremorica
771:Britannia
737:The word
733:Etymology
660:Finistère
604:with the
574:peninsula
450:Brezhoneg
370:Time zone
352:4,829,968
178:Anthem: "
12710:Brittany
12632:Brittany
12627:Abkhazia
12491:Zambesia
12332:Mulhouse
12312:Créhange
12296:Vivarais
12281:Valromey
12271:Rouergue
12261:Ponthieu
12256:Périgord
12251:Nébouzan
12236:Gévaudan
12231:Gâtinais
12206:Cévennes
12176:Armagnac
12141:Touraine
12126:Provence
12101:Normandy
12076:Lyonnais
12066:Limousin
12026:Flanders
12021:Dauphiné
12006:Burgundy
12001:Brittany
11981:Auvergne
11777:Gaesatae
11668:dialects
11631:Lepontic
11621:Galatian
11523:Goidelic
11373:Autonomy
11288:Politics
11241:Rounders
11093:Calendar
11066:Scotland
11051:Cornwall
11046:Brittany
10934:Clothing
10885:Knotwork
10863:Brooches
10835:Scotland
10820:Cornwall
10815:Brittany
10694:Y Wladfa
10649:Scotland
10613:Cornwall
10601:Brittany
10452:Seanchaí
10447:Tanistry
10407:Derbfine
10336:Scottish
10222:Brittany
10218:Domnonée
10214:Armorica
10209:Britonia
10191:Dumnonia
10166:Dálriata
9851:Lepontii
9846:Helvetii
9831:Gallaeci
9680:Brittany
9507:24 March
9340:Archived
9287:Archived
9184:, 2009.
9126:Archived
8968:13 April
8962:Guardian
8833:23 March
8735:Archived
8063:25 April
7764:Archived
7674:(2013).
7529:See also
7361:Guérande
7331:Paimpont
7329:forest,
7301:for the
7285:Bigouden
7281:galettes
7221:John III
7194:Kroaz Du
7117:Rosslare
7089:Plymouth
6888:Bordeaux
6824:Normandy
6741:pastries
6705:Guérande
6689:cotriade
6650:galettes
6627:chouchen
6602:Muscadet
6594:Galettes
6561:pétanque
6493:and the
6415:and the
6393:Football
6232:Hellfest
6159:SS
6152:SS
5971:Penmarch
5784:Al Liamm
5664:and the
5632:Matmatah
5589:Tri Yann
5567:American
5539:dances.
5527:and the
5496:bombards
5492:bagpipes
5480:fest-noz
5388:Art Deco
5312:ex-votos
5308:retables
5247:La Baule
5239:Art Deco
5196:Romantic
5120:seaports
5094:Art Deco
5051:and the
5035:and the
5007:and the
4985:Fougères
4969:Guérande
4930:Gavrinis
4928:and the
4908:Barnenez
4819:Morbihan
4775:Ploudiry
4736:Locronan
4643:Tréguier
4614:Catholic
4592:Religion
4564:prestige
4547:Frankish
4494:Tréguier
4417:nobility
4401:Armorica
4254:Bigouden
4190:communes
4180:53,352,
4176:57,149,
4172:62,985,
4147:Morbihan
4111:Morbihan
4031:European
3925:muscadet
3857:and the
3757:Napoleon
3716:Poitiers
3680:and the
3620:roe deer
3610:and the
3581:lampreys
3561:rattails
3545:lobsters
3517:Cornwall
3448:Penmarch
3412:Cornwall
3382:and the
3343:and the
3341:Pyrenees
3302:Fougères
3298:Guingamp
3264:and the
3198:and the
3170:Normandy
3166:Couesnon
3160:and the
3158:Normandy
3076:Morbihan
3041:Tréguier
2880:and its
2862:communes
2794:region.
2753:Guérande
2741:Fougères
2713:Guérande
2697:Ploërmel
2640:Tréguier
2589:Morbihan
2566:Morbihan
2444:dioceses
2403:and the
2341:and the
2234:Lochrist
2222:Fougères
2202:royalist
2198:Morbihan
2166:Morbihan
2078:corsairs
1957:and the
1951:Formigny
1932:Montfort
1827:Normandy
1809:and the
1799:Normandy
1793:against
1785:His son
1758:Domnonea
1689:Caerleon
1681:Cornwall
1669:Domnonée
1623:Domnonia
1619:Burgundy
1611:Arvandus
1588:Jordanes
1531:Armorica
1523:Cornwall
1517:(modern
1515:Domnonée
1498:Domnonée
1494:Domnonia
1475:Bagaudae
1456:Alamanni
1433:aqueduct
1425:basilica
1356:Armorica
1334:Limousin
1326:Cotentin
1261:Morbihan
1250:Riedones
1242:Riedones
1234:Riedones
1185:Rhedones
1174:Morbihan
1125:Namnetes
1113:Morbihan
1060:Morbihan
949:Bertaèyn
890:Armorica
822:Armorica
804:*Pritanī
796:Massalia
763:Bertaèyn
755:Bretagne
739:Brittany
672:Morbihan
639:and the
625:Normandy
610:province
590:Armorica
557:Bertaèyn
515:Bretagne
471:Brittany
442:Language
435:Breizhiz
419:Breizhad
416:Breton (
170:de facto
59:Bretagne
54:Brittany
12677:Oceania
12647:Lezghin
12571:Nagalim
12566:Madhesh
12521:Assyria
12451:Kabylia
12446:Haratin
12246:Labourd
12186:Bigorre
12171:Agenais
12116:Picardy
12051:Hainaut
12046:Guyenne
12041:Gascony
12016:Corsica
11830:Deities
11787:Hobelar
11749:Warfare
11712:Warfare
11646:Pictish
11641:Cumbric
11616:Gaulish
11588:Extinct
11508:Cornish
11306:history
11251:Hurling
11225:Ladies'
11216:Curling
11189:Camogie
11116:Beltane
11098:Samhain
11056:Ireland
10825:Ireland
10720:Culture
10689:England
10625:Ireland
10583:Nations
10482:Coinage
10472:Warfare
10365:Society
10356:Cornish
10346:British
10249:Galatia
10239:Balkans
10147:Studies
9884:Cornish
9879:Bretons
9856:Noricum
9811:Britons
9784:Peoples
9698:website
9167:1 March
9058:1 March
8927:2 April
8905:1 March
8863:1 March
8804:1 April
8468:, 1987.
7788:. INSEE
7770:29 June
7607:Gratian
7586:Galicia
7480:Paimpol
7462:Quimper
7309:Gallery
7277:dolmens
7273:menhirs
7237:John IV
7152:Symbols
7139:Cycling
7121:Roscoff
7105:Roscoff
7093:Roscoff
7065:Paimpol
7061:Roscoff
7057:Carhaix
6974:Lannion
6970:Quimper
6934:Morlaix
6860:Carhaix
6856:Loudéac
6844:Quimper
6840:Lorient
6816:Morlaix
6713:Lorient
6709:Quimper
6685:oysters
6681:mussels
6660:called
6638:called
6585:Cuisine
6491:Lorient
6348:removed
6333:sources
6267:Quimper
6236:Clisson
6216:Carhaix
6129:Lorient
6117:Lorient
6094:Quimper
5949:Museums
5938:Asterix
5828:Meavenn
5820:Glenmor
5812:Gwalarn
5780:Gwalarn
5668:singer
5658:Electro
5628:Hip hop
5601:Glenmor
5529:gavotte
5405:of the
5372:faience
5316:box-bed
5305:baroque
5263:Lorient
5251:Bénodet
5192:Clisson
5124:baroque
5098:Bénodet
4965:granite
4938:Corseul
4926:tumulus
4863:Culture
4754:on the
4744:Pardons
4693:Quimper
4543:Gaulish
4479:Léonard
4472:Quimper
4393:Cornish
4345:on the
4341:to the
4337:on the
4202:Morlaix
4174:Lorient
4170:Quimper
4127:Lorient
4046:Tourism
3996:Lannion
3984:Peugeot
3964:Lorient
3905:Lorient
3881:Economy
3674:linaria
3585:beavers
3424:Lorient
3398:Climate
3392:aquifer
3380:African
3365:epidote
3314:fossils
3310:granite
3276:Geology
3250:marshes
3192:Mayenne
3099:around
3037:Lorient
2929:council
2858:cantons
2836:region.
2603:Quimper
2411:or the
2374:Lorient
2345:of the
2286:in 1942
2255:in 1792
2253:Quimper
2070:Lorient
2035:gabelle
1999:Mad War
1966:Mad War
1823:Vikings
1787:Erispoe
1770:Nominoe
1766:Broërec
1736:Nominoe
1615:Avallon
1607:Bourges
1565:at the
1511:Britons
1437:Carhaix
1435:, like
1429:thermae
1409:Corseul
1397:Carhaix
1366:Corseul
1343:Lexovii
1318:Caletes
1310:Osismii
1306:Redones
1246:Redones
1238:Redones
1202:Roazhon
1181:Redones
1157:Osismii
1105:Corseul
1003:hearths
967:History
957:Bertègn
939:and an
878:Cornish
876:, many
872:of the
855:Litavis
851:Letauia
839:Garonne
792:Pytheas
776:Britons
572:) is a
561:Bertègn
457:Country
431:Bretons
363:Bretons
358:Demonym
322:Lannion
302:Lorient
297:Quimper
254:Country
225:48°00′N
153:de jure
12620:Europe
12601:Taiwan
12486:Yoruba
12456:Ogaden
12441:Biafra
12419:Africa
12266:Quercy
12221:Dombes
12191:Bresse
12121:Poitou
12111:Perche
12086:Marche
11971:Artois
11956:Alsace
11942:France
11825:Tribes
11772:Fianna
11559:Shelta
11503:Breton
11323:status
11261:Shinty
11236:Gouren
11200:Cnapan
11194:Cammag
11107:Imbolc
11030:Carnyx
10956:Tartan
10875:Carnyx
10642:Mannin
10618:Kernow
10606:Breizh
10476:Gaelic
10432:Fáinne
10377:Brehon
10351:Breton
10300:Druids
10154:Places
9861:Volcae
9806:Belgae
9767:·
9765:
9759:·
9757:
9751:·
9749:
9684:Curlie
9568:
9229:28 May
9085:7 July
8511:
8486:
8321:
8296:
8158:
8119:
7891:
7706:
7698:. UK:
7425:Rennes
7323:Merlin
7303:Breton
7283:, the
7271:, the
7229:ermine
7227:. The
7178:ermine
7174:Breton
7133:Jersey
7103:, and
7053:Vannes
7043:, and
7025:Rennes
7013:Rennes
7005:Nantes
6972:, and
6960:. The
6902:Rennes
6900:, and
6894:Nantes
6884:Nantes
6880:Rennes
6872:Vannes
6868:Rennes
6852:Rennes
6836:Vannes
6832:Nantes
6808:Rennes
6789:francs
6729:Nantes
6701:Nantes
6691:. The
6646:Crêpes
6640:lambig
6565:Palets
6563:. The
6549:Gouren
6537:, the
6533:, the
6529:. The
6472:Top 14
6466:, but
6411:, the
6407:, the
6403:, the
6399:, the
6387:Rennes
6288:. The
6286:Nantes
6256:Nantes
6230:, the
6228:Crozon
6224:Rennes
6218:, the
6210:, the
6161:France
6106:Bignan
6034:Rubens
5979:Nantes
5975:Vannes
5967:Carnac
5955:Rennes
5772:Breton
5745:dolmen
5697:Fulenn
5656:, the
5643:Amélie
5623:. The
5574:Kornog
5553:(2012)
5506:. The
5486:bagado
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