305:
29:
317:
41:
271:
treatment 84% of subjects experienced over a 50% reduction in depression symptoms. 9% reported a 20-50% reduction in depression symptoms. 7% reported a 0-20% improvement. 1% initially reported positive effects, but had a depression relapse before the year follow up completed. There were no side effects or complications reported from the treatment.
621:
Lozano, Andres M; Peter
Giacobbe; Clement Hamani; Sakina J Rizvi; Sidney H Kennedy; Theodore T Kolivakis; Guy Debonnel; Abbas F Sadikot; Raymond W Lam; Andrew K Howard; Magda Ilcewicz-Klimek; Christopher R Honey; Helen S Mayberg (2011-11-18). "A multicenter pilot study of subcallosal cingulate area
270:
In 2013, Walker and Lawson conducted neurofeedback research with 183 subjects experiencing drug resistant depression. The neurofeedback specifically targeted
Brodmann area 25. The treatment consisted of 6 neurofeedback sessions that were 20min long each over the course of 3 weeks. 1 year after the
262:
and collaborators described how they successfully treated a number of depressed people—individuals virtually catatonic with depression despite years of talk therapy, drugs, and electroconvulsive therapy—with pacemaker-like electrodes
418:
Mayberg, HS; Liotti M; Brannan SK; McGinnis S; Mahurin RK; Jerabek PA; et al. (May 1999). "Reciprocal limbic-cortical function and negative mood: converging PET findings in depression and normal sadness".
172:
Brodmann described this area as it is labeled now in 1909. Originally in 1905, Brodmann labeled the area as part of area 24. In 1909, he divided the area into area 24 and 25.
1933:
384:
90:
160:
adjacent to the paraterminal gyrus. The posterior parolfactory sulcus separates the paraterminal gyrus from BA25. Rostrally it is bound by the prefrontal
462:
Phan, KL; Wager T; Taylor SF; Liberzon I (June 2002). "Functional neuroanatomy of emotion: a meta-analysis of emotion activation studies in PET and fMRI".
365:
1084:
1079:
700:"Efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation targets for depression is related to intrinsic functional connectivity with the subgenual cingulate"
607:
2378:
290:
1250:
1122:
1241:
243:. A different study found that metabolic hyperactivity in this area is associated with poor therapeutic response of persons with
814:
568:"Predictors of nonresponse to cognitive behavioural therapy or venlafaxine using glucose metabolism in major depressive disorder"
1227:
2373:
381:
338:
667:"FP02 Beta Training for Drug-Resistant Depression—A New Protocol That Usually Reduces Depression and Keeps It Reduced"
275:
97:
2126:
362:
1714:
1406:
240:
565:
2329:
1115:
85:
1702:
248:
1794:
807:
208:
responsible for self-esteem. This region is particularly implicated in the normal processing of sadness.
2206:
1762:
156:(thus its name). BA25 is located in the cingulate region as a narrow band in the caudal portion of the
304:
2165:
1863:
1726:
1707:
244:
78:
1100:
2037:
1984:
1905:
1872:
1772:
1588:
1571:
1511:
1108:
1039:
1034:
401:
2363:
1989:
1879:
1523:
1264:
1259:
2250:
1316:
1214:
1168:
800:
316:
282:, because this area has intrinsic functional connectivity (negative correlation) with area 25.
264:
233:
747:
Sudheimer, KD; Abelson JL; Taylor SF; Martis B; Welsh RC; Warner C; et al. (April 2013).
2237:
2096:
2010:
1910:
601:
553:
343:
285:
Another study has found that the responses of area 25 to viewing sad stimuli are affected by
181:
289:. This suggests that depression related changes in the activity in area 25 could be due to
2210:
2058:
1950:
1627:
1487:
1384:
1333:
1190:
8:
2187:
1597:
2368:
2245:
2068:
2042:
1893:
1643:
1613:
1535:
1467:
1455:
1356:
1352:
773:
748:
724:
699:
647:
584:
567:
566:
Konarski JZ, Kennedy SH, Segal ZV, Lau MA, Bieling PJ, McIntyre RS, Mayberg HS (2009).
536:
487:
444:
153:
2324:
2153:
2119:
2114:
2109:
1698:
1308:
1287:
1160:
778:
729:
666:
639:
589:
528:
479:
436:
540:
448:
2276:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2197:
2192:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2141:
2131:
2063:
1994:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1943:
1915:
1897:
1889:
1884:
1834:
1815:
1782:
1777:
1618:
1602:
1593:
1447:
1432:
1418:
1411:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1373:
1361:
1282:
1274:
1246:
1237:
1223:
1218:
1205:
1200:
1089:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
768:
760:
749:"Exogenous glucocorticoids decrease subgenual cingulate activity evoked by sadness"
719:
715:
711:
678:
651:
631:
579:
523:
518:
506:
491:
471:
428:
279:
259:
229:
225:
221:
161:
157:
142:
2145:
2073:
1867:
1731:
1719:
1682:
1675:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1581:
1576:
1540:
1528:
1516:
1504:
1499:
1492:
1460:
1343:
1338:
1326:
1321:
1232:
1195:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1132:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
683:
388:
369:
134:
28:
620:
2308:
2300:
2032:
2027:
1938:
1767:
1747:
1437:
1368:
505:
Hamani C, Mayberg H, Stone S, Laxton A, Haber S, Lozano AM (15 February 2011).
278:
is more clinically effective treating depression when targeted specifically to
205:
197:
635:
2357:
2342:
2260:
2255:
1848:
1827:
1810:
1789:
1606:
1556:
823:
333:
149:
1380:
1144:
782:
733:
643:
593:
532:
483:
475:
440:
204:, which plays an important role in memory formation; and some parts of the
185:
432:
2087:
1136:
764:
252:
201:
698:
Fox, MD; Buckner, RL; White, MP; Greicius, MD; Pascual-Leone, A (2012).
184:
and is considered as a governor for a vast network involving areas like
103:
189:
73:
1670:
1130:
746:
507:"The subcallosal cingulate gyrus in the context of major depression"
2286:
417:
286:
193:
40:
792:
1822:
461:
2281:
138:
61:
622:
deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression".
391:
braininfo.rprc.washington.edu, retrieved
November 19, 2006.
372:
braininfo.rprc.washington.edu, retrieved
November 18, 2006.
45:
Medial surface of the brain with
Brodmann's areas numbered.
554:
Deep Brain
Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression
239:
One study found that BA25 is metabolically overactive in
504:
697:
556:
neuron.org, March 3, 2005. Retrieved
November 18, 2018.
192:, which influences changes in appetite and sleep; the
228:
has been implicated as playing an important role in
2341:Some categorizations are approximations, and some
2355:
220:CG25 which consists of BA25 as well as parts of
1116:
808:
606:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
211:
1123:
1109:
815:
801:
39:
27:
772:
723:
682:
583:
522:
200:, which affect the mood and anxiety; the
349:
2356:
664:
2379:Medial surface of cerebral hemisphere
1104:
796:
394:
33:Brodmann area　25 is shown in orange.
2033:Lateral (frontal+parietal+temporal)
291:hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis
13:
822:
339:List of regions in the human brain
14:
2390:
276:transcranial magnetic stimulation
180:This region is extremely rich in
315:
303:
98:Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
2127:Posterior parahippocampal gyrus
2069:Collateral (temporal+occipital)
740:
691:
658:
1715:Secondary somatosensory cortex
1407:Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
716:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.04.028
614:
559:
547:
524:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.034
498:
455:
411:
375:
356:
241:treatment-resistant depression
1:
2330:Poles of cerebral hemispheres
2064:Cingulate (frontal+cingulate)
1703:Primary somatosensory cortex
684:10.1080/10874208.2013.785784
249:cognitive-behavioral therapy
141:and delineated based on its
7:
1795:Transverse occipital sulcus
327:
232:and has been the target of
218:subcallosal cingulate gyrus
175:
10:
2395:
2374:Neuroscience of depression
2207:Isthmus of cingulate gyrus
2028:Central (frontal+parietal)
1763:Occipital pole of cerebrum
167:
2338:
2317:
2299:
2269:
2236:
2140:
2095:
2086:
2051:
2020:
2009:
1926:
1864:Transverse temporal gyrus
1856:
1847:
1803:
1755:
1746:
1727:Posterior parietal cortex
1691:
1636:
1564:
1555:
1480:
1446:
1307:
1300:
1273:
1159:
1152:
1143:
830:
665:Walker, Jonathan (2013).
636:10.3171/2011.10.JNS102122
387:January 21, 2007, at the
382:area 25 of Brodmann-1909.
368:January 21, 2007, at the
245:major depressive disorder
212:Involvement in depression
96:
84:
72:
60:
55:
50:
38:
26:
21:
1985:Inferior temporal sulcus
1906:Superior temporal sulcus
1589:Inferior parietal lobule
1572:Superior parietal lobule
1512:Supplementary motor area
296:
131:subgenual cingulate area
1990:Inferior temporal gyrus
1934:Occipitotemporal sulcus
1880:Superior temporal gyrus
1773:Lateral occipital gyrus
1524:Supplementary eye field
1265:Inferior frontal sulcus
1260:Superior frontal sulcus
753:Neuropsychopharmacology
671:Journal of Neurotherapy
624:Journal of Neurosurgery
236:to treat the disorder.
2251:Fimbria of hippocampus
1317:Superior frontal gyrus
1215:Inferior frontal gyrus
1169:Superior frontal gyrus
476:10.1006/nimg.2002.1087
265:deep brain stimulation
234:deep brain stimulation
182:serotonin transporters
2238:Hippocampal formation
2097:Parahippocampal gyrus
1911:Middle temporal gyrus
704:Biological Psychiatry
572:J Psychiatry Neurosci
511:Biological Psychiatry
433:10.1176/ajp.156.5.675
344:Biology of depression
2211:Retrosplenial cortex
2059:Longitudinal fissure
1951:Medial temporal lobe
1628:Intraparietal sulcus
1488:Primary motor cortex
1385:Orbitofrontal cortex
1334:Medial frontal gyrus
1191:Middle frontal gyrus
765:10.1038/npp.2012.249
350:Notes and references
2188:Posterior cingulate
1598:Supramarginal gyrus
406:Scientific American
363:subgen1ual area 25.
274:A study found that
162:area 11 of Brodmann
2246:Hippocampal sulcus
2166:Anterior cingulate
2043:Preoccipital notch
1644:Paracentral lobule
1614:Parietal operculum
1536:Frontal eye fields
1468:Paracentral sulcus
1456:Paracentral lobule
1357:Paraolfactory area
1353:Paraterminal gyrus
154:Korbinian Brodmann
2351:
2350:
2295:
2294:
2120:Postrhinal cortex
2115:Perirhinal cortex
2110:Entorhinal cortex
2082:
2081:
2038:Parieto-occipital
2005:
2004:
1843:
1842:
1742:
1741:
1699:Postcentral gyrus
1551:
1550:
1476:
1475:
1296:
1295:
1288:Precentral sulcus
1251:Pars triangularis
1098:
1097:
145:characteristics.
143:cytoarchitectonic
112:
111:
107:
16:Part of the brain
2386:
2277:Indusium griseum
2142:Cingulate cortex
2132:Prepyriform area
2093:
2092:
2018:
2017:
1898:Planum temporale
1854:
1853:
1835:Calcarine sulcus
1753:
1752:
1562:
1561:
1433:Olfactory sulcus
1419:Subcallosal area
1305:
1304:
1283:Precentral gyrus
1242:Pars opercularis
1157:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1102:
1101:
817:
810:
803:
794:
793:
787:
786:
776:
744:
738:
737:
727:
695:
689:
688:
686:
662:
656:
655:
618:
612:
611:
605:
597:
587:
563:
557:
551:
545:
544:
526:
502:
496:
495:
459:
453:
452:
415:
409:
398:
392:
379:
373:
360:
319:
307:
280:Brodmann area 46
260:Helen S. Mayberg
230:major depression
158:subcallosal area
148:It is the 25th "
127:area subgenualis
115:Brodmann area 25
104:edit on Wikidata
101:
67:area subgenualis
43:
31:
22:Brodmann area 25
19:
18:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2334:
2313:
2291:
2265:
2232:
2136:
2078:
2074:Callosal sulcus
2052:Medial/inferior
2047:
2012:
2001:
1927:Medial/inferior
1922:
1894:Wernicke's area
1868:Auditory cortex
1839:
1804:Medial/inferior
1799:
1738:
1687:
1683:Marginal sulcus
1637:Medial/inferior
1632:
1547:
1500:Premotor cortex
1472:
1442:
1301:Medial/inferior
1292:
1269:
1139:
1133:cerebral cortex
1131:Anatomy of the
1129:
1099:
1094:
826:
821:
791:
790:
745:
741:
696:
692:
663:
659:
619:
615:
599:
598:
564:
560:
552:
548:
503:
499:
460:
456:
421:Am J Psychiatry
416:
412:
402:Faulty Circuits
399:
395:
389:Wayback Machine
380:
376:
370:Wayback Machine
361:
357:
352:
330:
323:
320:
311:
308:
299:
293:dysregulation.
214:
178:
170:
135:cerebral cortex
108:
46:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2392:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2364:Brodmann areas
2349:
2348:
2343:Brodmann areas
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2309:Insular cortex
2305:
2303:
2301:Insular cortex
2297:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2242:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2154:Subgenual area
2150:
2148:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2101:
2099:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2022:
2015:
2013:sulci/fissures
2007:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1939:Fusiform gyrus
1936:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1908:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1887:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1860:
1858:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1770:
1768:Occipital gyri
1765:
1759:
1757:
1750:
1748:Occipital lobe
1744:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1600:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1568:
1566:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1452:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1438:Orbital sulcus
1435:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1369:Straight gyrus
1366:
1365:
1364:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1313:
1311:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1279:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1244:
1230:
1228:Pars orbitalis
1221:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1165:
1163:
1154:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1128:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1105:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
831:
828:
827:
824:Brodmann areas
820:
819:
812:
805:
797:
789:
788:
739:
710:(7): 595–603.
690:
677:(3): 198–200.
657:
613:
558:
546:
517:(4): 301–309.
497:
454:
410:
393:
374:
354:
353:
351:
348:
347:
346:
341:
336:
329:
326:
325:
324:
321:
314:
312:
309:
302:
298:
295:
267:) in area 25.
213:
210:
206:frontal cortex
177:
174:
169:
166:
123:subgenual area
110:
109:
100:
94:
93:
88:
82:
81:
76:
70:
69:
64:
58:
57:
53:
52:
48:
47:
44:
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2391:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2346:
2344:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2261:Rhinal sulcus
2259:
2257:
2256:Dentate gyrus
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:Superolateral
2019:
2016:
2014:
2008:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:Superolateral
1855:
1852:
1850:
1849:Temporal lobe
1846:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1828:Lingual gyrus
1826:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1811:Visual cortex
1809:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1790:Lunate sulcus
1788:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1756:Superolateral
1754:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1607:Angular gyrus
1604:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:Superolateral
1563:
1560:
1558:
1557:Parietal lobe
1554:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1153:Superolateral
1151:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
832:
829:
825:
818:
813:
811:
806:
804:
799:
798:
795:
784:
780:
775:
770:
766:
762:
759:(5): 826–45.
758:
754:
750:
743:
735:
731:
726:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
694:
685:
680:
676:
672:
668:
661:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
630:(2): 315–22.
629:
625:
617:
609:
603:
595:
591:
586:
581:
578:(3): 175–80.
577:
573:
569:
562:
555:
550:
542:
538:
534:
530:
525:
520:
516:
512:
508:
501:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
470:(2): 331–48.
469:
465:
458:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
427:(5): 675–82.
426:
422:
414:
407:
403:
397:
390:
386:
383:
378:
371:
367:
364:
359:
355:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
334:Brodmann area
332:
331:
318:
313:
306:
301:
300:
294:
292:
288:
283:
281:
277:
272:
268:
266:
261:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
209:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
173:
165:
163:
159:
155:
152:" defined by
151:
150:Brodmann area
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
105:
99:
95:
92:
89:
87:
83:
80:
77:
75:
71:
68:
65:
63:
59:
54:
49:
42:
37:
30:
25:
20:
2340:
2158:
2104:
1423:
1381:Orbital gyri
1233:Broca's area
1145:Frontal lobe
954:
756:
752:
742:
707:
703:
693:
674:
670:
660:
627:
623:
616:
602:cite journal
575:
571:
561:
549:
514:
510:
500:
467:
463:
457:
424:
420:
413:
408:, April 2010
405:
396:
377:
358:
322:Medial view.
284:
273:
269:
257:
238:
217:
215:
186:hypothalamus
179:
171:
147:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
113:
66:
2088:Limbic lobe
1137:human brain
253:venlafaxine
202:hippocampus
56:Identifiers
2358:Categories
2345:span gyri.
2011:Interlobar
1708:3, 1 and 2
1448:Precentral
1309:Prefrontal
1275:Precentral
1161:Prefrontal
464:NeuroImage
310:Animation.
190:brain stem
74:NeuroNames
2369:Serotonin
2325:Operculum
1873:41 and 42
1671:Precuneus
121:) is the
2287:Amygdala
2105:anterior
783:23303057
734:22658708
644:22098195
594:19448846
541:35458273
533:21145043
484:12030820
449:16258492
441:10327898
385:Archived
366:Archived
328:See also
287:cortisol
258:In 2005
194:amygdala
176:Function
2318:General
1135:of the
774:3599059
725:4120275
652:9778445
585:2674969
492:7150871
168:History
137:of the
133:in the
51:Details
1823:Cuneus
781:
771:
732:
722:
650:
642:
592:
582:
539:
531:
490:
482:
447:
439:
198:insula
2282:Uncus
2270:Other
2146:gyrus
648:S2CID
537:S2CID
488:S2CID
445:S2CID
297:Image
139:brain
102:[
91:68622
62:Latin
1692:Both
1481:Both
779:PMID
730:PMID
675:17:3
640:PMID
608:link
590:PMID
529:PMID
480:PMID
437:PMID
251:and
226:BA32
224:and
222:BA24
216:The
196:and
188:and
119:BA25
79:1029
769:PMC
761:doi
720:PMC
712:doi
679:doi
632:doi
628:116
580:PMC
519:doi
472:doi
429:doi
425:156
404:",
247:to
129:or
86:FMA
2360::
2226:30
2221:29
2216:26
2209::
2198:31
2193:23
2181:33
2176:32
2171:24
2159:25
1995:20
1976:36
1971:35
1966:34
1961:28
1956:27
1944:37
1916:21
1890:22
1885:38
1816:17
1783:19
1778:18
1619:43
1603:39
1594:40
1424:25
1412:10
1400:12
1395:11
1390:10
1374:11
1362:12
1247:45
1238:44
1224:47
1219:11
1217::
1206:46
1201:10
1090:52
1085:51
1080:50
1075:49
1070:48
1065:47
1060:46
1055:45
1050:44
1045:43
1040:42
1035:41
1030:40
1025:39
1020:38
1015:37
1010:36
1005:35
1000:34
995:33
990:32
985:31
980:30
975:29
970:28
965:27
960:26
955:25
950:24
945:23
940:22
935:21
930:20
925:19
920:18
915:17
910:16
905:15
900:14
895:13
890:12
885:11
880:10
777:.
767:.
757:38
755:.
751:.
728:.
718:.
708:72
706:.
702:.
673:.
669:.
646:.
638:.
626:.
604:}}
600:{{
588:.
576:34
574:.
570:.
535:.
527:.
515:69
513:.
509:.
486:.
478:.
468:16
466:.
443:.
435:.
423:.
255:.
164:.
125:,
2144:/
1900:)
1896:(
1892:/
1866:/
1732:7
1720:5
1701:/
1676:7
1664:5
1659:3
1654:2
1649:1
1605:-
1596:-
1582:7
1577:5
1541:8
1529:6
1517:6
1505:6
1493:4
1461:4
1383:/
1355:/
1344:9
1339:8
1327:6
1322:4
1249:-
1240:-
1226:-
1196:9
1184:8
1179:6
1174:4
1124:e
1117:t
1110:v
875:9
870:8
865:7
860:6
855:5
850:4
845:3
840:2
835:1
816:e
809:t
802:v
785:.
763::
736:.
714::
687:.
681::
654:.
634::
610:)
596:.
543:.
521::
494:.
474::
451:.
431::
400:"
263:(
117:(
106:]
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
