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436:(Polish for "Solidarity") – NSZZ. In 1981 he chaired the Program Commission of the First National Convention of Solidarity. After martial law was declared in December 1981, he was interned until December 1982, when he once again became an adviser to the then-illegal Solidarity, working closely with
348:
The chief domain of
Geremek's scholarly work was research on the history of culture and medieval society. His scholarly achievements included numerous articles and lectures, as well as ten books, which have been translated into ten languages. His doctoral thesis (1960) concerned the labour market in
477:) and was the leader of the Democratic Union's parliamentary group from 1990 to 1997. After the elections in 1991, President Lech Wałęsa asked him to form a new government, but Geremek failed to do so and Jan Olszewski was appointed prime minister instead.
325:
in 1943 and were sheltered by Stefan
Geremek. Stefan Geremek later married Bronisław's mother and Bronisław was further raised in a Roman Catholic tradition. In his adult life, he considered himself neither a Jew nor a Catholic. His grandfather was a
513:. He was a believer in the idea of Europe, though he felt that there is a need to create a clear European identity and the need for people to believe in the benefits that Europe can bring to them - not just as nations, but also as individuals.
487:
After a coalition government was formed in
October 1997 by the Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS) and the Freedom Union, Geremek served as Minister of Foreign Affairs under Prime Minister Jerzy Buzek until 2000. In 1998, Poland chaired
524:
rejected most of the new vetting law, including the clause that would have made it mandatory for nearly 700,000 Poles to sign declarations certifying that they had never collaborated with the secret services under the old regime.
484:, and chairman of the Political Council of the Freedom Union. He chaired the Sejm's Committee on Foreign Affairs from 1989 to 1997, its Constitutional Committee from 1989 to 1991 and its European Law Committee from 2000 to 2001.
265:
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508:
In the election to the
European Parliament in June 2004, Geremek was elected as a candidate of the Freedom Union, winning the largest number of votes in Warsaw. In the European Parliament he was a member of the
352:
Most of
Geremek's scholarly career was connected with the Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences, where he worked from 1955 to 1985. From 1960 to 1965, he was also a lecturer at the
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646:, when the car he was driving hit an oncoming van on the opposite lane, due to Geremek falling asleep behind the wheel. He was granted a state funeral, held in Warsaw in the
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409:(PZPR). He was the second secretary of the Basic Party Organisation (POP) of the PZPR at Warsaw University. In 1968, however, he left the party in protest against the
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420:. In 1978, he co-founded the Society for Educational Courses, for which he gave lectures. While on a Fellowship at the Wilson Center in Washington DC, he met General
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In April 2007, Geremek refused to declare that he had never collaborated with the
Communist secret service, which he was being asked to do under a new
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1973:
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1963:
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1993:
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432:. In August 1980, he joined the Gdańsk workers' protest movement and became one of the advisers of the Independent Self-Governing Trade Union
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453:
Between 1987 and 1989, Geremek was the leader of the
Commission for Political Reforms of the Civic Committee, which prepared proposals for
3155:
388:
and numerous other societies and associations. He was a longtime professor and
Chairholder of the Chair of European Civilisation at the
4061:
2112:
317:
Bronisław
Geremek was born as Benjamin Lewertow in Warsaw on 6 March 1932. His father Boruch Lewertow, a fur merchant, was murdered in
985:
884:
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1187:
217:
854:
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570:
410:
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2105:
492:, and Bronisław Geremek served as Chairperson-in-Office. In March 1999, he signed the treaty under which Poland joined NATO.
338:
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medieval Paris, including prostitution. His postdoctoral thesis (1972) concerned underworld groups in medieval Paris.
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552:
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2013:
745:(wespół z Georgesem Duby; rozmowę przeprowadził Philippe Sainteny ; przeł. Elżbieta Teresa Sadowska; PWN 1995,
356:
in Paris and the manager of the Polish
Culture Centre of that university. Geremek was given honorary degrees by the
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1045:
4030:
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2293:
1087:
1147:
647:
433:
406:
1466:
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2145:
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1983:
615:
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458:
318:
283:
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1908:
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279:
111:
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1499:
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1988:
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342:
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1675:
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1509:
784:(seria: "Nowy Sympozjon"; przedmową opatrzyli Bronisław Geremek i Witold Kula; Czytelnik 1971, 1999,
635:
470:
1587:
1572:
667:
330:, his brother Jerry, lived in New York as a Jew, and his sons living in Poland are Roman Catholics.
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established 2022 as the "Year of Bronisław Geremek" as a recognition of his life's achievements.
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717:Świat "opery żebraczej": obraz włóczęgów i nędzarzy w literaturach europejskich XV-XVII wieku
357:
53:
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1933:
1263:[Prosecutors Office: Prof. Geremek has caused the accident by himself] (in Polish).
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From 1989 to 2001, Geremek was a member of the lower house of the Polish parliament, the
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816:"Mój polski brat (My Polish Brother)", interview with Jerry Lewart, by Waldemar Piasecki
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that led to free parliamentary elections and the establishment of the ‘Contract Sejm’.
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in Paris. He completed his PhD in 1960 and he was granted a postdoctoral degree at the
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1237:[Prof. Bronisław Geremek, the outstanding statesman passed away] (in Polish).
986:"The Future of Europe: A Conversation with Prof. Bronislaw Geremek by Ilmas Futehally"
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The Marshall Plan Lessons Learned for the 21st Century: Lessons Learned for ...p 124
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1918:
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Conversation with Prof Geremek with Ilmas Futehally of Strategic Foresight Group
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The Margins of Society in Late Medieval Paris (Past and Present Publications)
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During the 1970s, Geremek was considered one of the leading figures in the
4432:
Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
4163:
1379:
4329:
4241:
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1690:
655:
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Campaign for the Establishment of a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly
87:
1326:
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in Poland. In 1989, he played a crucial role during the debates between
333:
In 1954, Bronisław Geremek graduated from the Faculty of History at the
4050:
3495:
3412:
2519:
2447:
2411:
600:
305:(2004–2008). In 2002, he was awarded Poland's highest order of merit,
2923:
739:
by Jean-Claude Schmitt, Bronislaw Geremek, Lyndal Roper, Jean Birrell
1067:"Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana"
2810:
1220:
962:
381:
2730:
2570:
4532:
Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 1st Class
376:
in Kraków. In 1992, he was designated visiting professor at the
1637:
1315:
604:
327:
185:
1140:"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"
757:
Szansa i zagrożenie. Polityka i dyplomacja w rodzinnej Europie
1238:
345:(PAN) in 1972. He was appointed associate professor in 1989.
630:
Geremek died on 13 July 2008, in a car accident on the then
440:. In 1983, he was again arrested by the Polish authorities.
2554:
733:(red.: Maria Braunstein; Plejada, Dom Słowa Polskiego 1990)
481:
54:
Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Third Republic of Poland
2054:
731:
Rok 1989 – Bronisław Geremek opowiada, Jacek Żakowski pyta
337:. In 1956–1958, he completed postgraduate studies at the
4477:
Recipients of the Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold II
2127:
1287:"Senat za ustanowieniem 2022 Rokiem Bronisława Geremka"
1381:
Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland
862:
321:. His mother, Sharca, and he were smuggled out of the
278:
and politician. He was an opposition activist in the
1160:
4557:
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
1261:"Prokuratura: Prof. Geremek sam spowodował wypadek"
1235:"Odszedł wybitny mąż stanu prof. Bronisław Geremek"
1080:
16:Polish social historian and politician (1932–2008)
1106:
577:Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
522:Constitutional Tribunal of the Republic of Poland
4393:
703:Litość i szubienica: dzieje nędzy i miłosierdzia
443:
400:
1154:
448:
384:, the Société Européenne de Culture, fellow of
4472:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
1766:
650:. It was attended, among others, by President
2774:
2113:
2040:
1752:
1365:
811:
809:
807:
805:
511:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
495:
380:. He was a member of Academia Europaea, the
611:Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas
274:; 6 March 1932 – 13 July 2008) was a Polish
4517:Democratic Party – demokraci.pl politicians
958:"Former OSCE Chairpersons-in-Office | OSCE"
528:From 2006 to 2008, he was president of the
469:Geremek then became one of the founders of
312:
131:18 December 2000 – 14 October 2001
2788:
2781:
2767:
2120:
2106:
2047:
2033:
1759:
1745:
1372:
1358:
1088:"Prof. Dr. Bronisław Geremek (28.01.2002)"
802:
31:
4482:Solidarity (Polish trade union) activists
4462:Academic staff of the University of Paris
1016:Campaign for a UN Parliamentary Assembly
499:
464:
931:
67:31 October 1997 – 30 June 2000
4437:Ministers of foreign affairs of Poland
4394:
829:"Order Orła Białego dla prof. Geremka"
684:"Louise Weiss", its principal building
571:Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
411:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
4547:Polish Round Table Talks participants
2762:
2101:
2028:
1740:
1353:
936:. Lexington Books. pp. 250–251.
719:(Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy 1989,
673:
395:
253:
48:Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland
4512:Members of the Polish Sejm 1997–2001
4507:Members of the Polish Sejm 1993–1997
4502:Members of the Polish Sejm 1991–1993
4467:Polish United Workers' Party members
4412:Burials at Powązki Military Cemetery
2741:and the Jewish communities in Europe
934:Solidarity; The Great Workers Strike
1343:opinion editorial commentaries for
603:(Charlemagne Award) of the city of
565:Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana
218:Partia Demokratyczna – demokraci.pl
13:
455:peaceful democratic transformation
14:
4568:
1308:
1209:"Polish ex-minister Geremek dies"
530:Jean Monnet Foundation for Europe
303:Member of the European Parliament
1314:
1188:"Apdovanotų asmenų duomenų bazė"
682:named the main courtyard of the
593:1999: Golden Plate Award of the
575:Knight Commander's Cross of the
339:École pratique des hautes études
4497:Fellows of Collegium Invisibile
4452:Polish male non-fiction writers
1279:
1253:
1227:
1201:
1180:
1148:American Academy of Achievement
1132:
1059:
1038:
1029:
771:
696:
609:1997: Commander's Cross of the
595:American Academy of Achievement
4447:20th-century Polish historians
4422:Road incident deaths in Poland
2146:Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi
1004:
977:
950:
925:
910:Chair of European Civilisation
903:
877:
847:
821:
658:, and three former presidents
459:Solidarity and the authorities
37:Bronisław Geremek in May 2004.
1:
2751:Received extraordinary prize.
2294:François Seydoux de Clausonne
1293:(in Polish). 26 November 2021
1168:(in German). 12 December 2014
796:
616:Grand prix de la francophonie
444:History of Poland (1989–2008)
401:History of Poland (1945–1989)
119:Chairman of the Freedom Union
4492:Members of Academia Europaea
4217:George Demetrius Bambiniotis
1467:Kajetan Dzierżykraj-Morawski
1335:The New York Review of Books
835:(in Polish). 6 November 2002
563:2002: Knight Grand Cross of
532:. He was a supporter of the
449:Polish Round Table Agreement
418:Polish democratic opposition
407:Polish United Workers' Party
405:In 1950, Geremek joined the
284:Polish Round Table Agreement
7:
4522:Freedom Union (Poland) MEPs
4487:University of Warsaw alumni
1984:Kazimierz Michał Ujazdowski
1565:People's Republic of Poland
887:. ci.edu.pl. Archived from
686:, after Bronisław Geremek.
297:(1997–2000), leader of the
295:Minister of Foreign Affairs
10:
4573:
1989:Halina Wasilewska-Trenkner
1487:Polish government-in-exile
1046:"Teenetemärkide kavalerid"
557:Knight Grand Cross in the
539:
496:European Parliament Deputy
343:Polish Academy of Sciences
4527:MEPs for Poland 2004–2009
4442:Jewish Polish politicians
4172:
4103:Vera Bitrakova-Grozdanova
3868:Vasilka Gerasimova-Tomova
3787:
3421:
3377:Apostolos E. Vacalopoulos
3045:
2797:
2749:
2537:
2334:
2136:
2063:
1896:
1775:
1721:Szymon Szynkowski vel Sęk
1636:
1563:
1485:
1387:
932:Michael, Szporer (2012).
504:Bronisław Geremek in 2004
240:
232:
224:
209:
192:
168:
163:
159:
147:
135:
124:
117:
105:
93:
81:
71:
60:
46:
42:
30:
23:
3687:Zoe Dumitrescu-Bușulenga
3630:Johannes Karayannopoulos
2711:Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya
2563:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
1457:Maurycy Klemens Zamoyski
625:
553:Order of the White Eagle
547:Order of the Three Stars
313:Early life and education
307:Order of the White Eagle
301:(2000–2001), as well as
282:and participated in the
280:Polish People's Republic
4552:Herder Prize recipients
4314:Kazimir Popkonstantinov
4211:Evanghelos Moutsopoulos
4082:Justinas Marcinkevičius
3743:Nikos Gabriel Pentzikis
2919:Alexandru A. Philippide
2821:Lucijan Marija Škerjanc
2360:Konstantinos Karamanlis
1676:Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz
374:Jagiellonian University
4056:Dunja Rihtman-Auguštin
3502:Władysław Bartoszewski
3466:Athanasios Aravantinos
3383:Gordana Babić-Đorđević
2057:Freedom Union (Poland)
1944:Aldona Kamela-Sowińska
1909:Władysław Bartoszewski
1769:Cabinet of Jerzy Buzek
1671:Władysław Bartoszewski
1656:Władysław Bartoszewski
1646:Krzysztof Skubiszewski
1588:Stanisław Skrzeszewski
1573:Edward Osóbka-Morawski
1327:On the Side of Geremek
1114:"ORDEN POUR LE MÉRITE"
915:2 October 2008 at the
668:Aleksander Kwaśniewski
505:
424:who introduced him to
112:Władysław Bartoszewski
76:Aleksander Kwaśniewski
4537:Warsaw Ghetto inmates
4361:Włodzimierz Borodziej
4268:Stanisław Mossakowski
3738:Petar Miljković-Pepek
3491:Jan Józef Szczepański
3347:Magdalena Abakanowicz
3182:Stylianos Pelekanidis
3131:Stylianos Harkianakis
3069:Kazimierz Michałowski
2935:Constantin Daicoviciu
2480:Gro Harlem Brundtland
2315:Salvador de Madariaga
1515:Mieczysław Sokołowski
1402:Ignacy Jan Paderewski
1332:eulogizes Geremek in
678:In January 2009, the
503:
465:Third Polish Republic
358:University of Bologna
251:Polish pronunciation:
220:. (Democratic Party)
4067:Andrei Corbea-Hoișie
3929:Andrzej Szczypiorski
3796:Maja Bošković-Stulli
3543:Konstantinos Dimaras
3295:Krzysztof Penderecki
2731:the Ukrainian people
2583:Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
2412:People of Luxembourg
1954:Bronisław Komorowski
1924:Franciszka Cegielska
1883:Joanna Wnuk-Nazarowa
1828:Wojciech Maksymowicz
1706:Witold Waszczykowski
1535:Bronisław Hełczyński
1462:Aleksander Skrzyński
1437:Aleksander Skrzyński
1407:Władysław Wróblewski
1323:at Wikimedia Commons
648:Cathedral of St John
471:The Democratic Union
386:Collegium Invisibile
291:Member of Parliament
4457:Cultural historians
4427:Polish medievalists
4417:Writers from Warsaw
4366:Nicos Hadjinicolaou
4319:Romualdas Požerskis
4283:Ana Maria Zahariade
4098:Svetlana Alexievich
3969:Michael G. Meraklis
3759:Aris Konstantinidis
3702:Mieczysław Porębski
3661:Vladimir Veličković
3646:Roman Brandstaetter
3579:Růžena Grebeníčková
3460:Elida Maria Szarota
3398:Manousos Manousakas
3341:Yiannis Spyropoulos
3223:Pandelis Prevelakis
3213:Maria Ana Musicescu
3032:Yiannis Papaioannou
2955:Anastasios Orlandos
2739:Pinchas Goldschmidt
2631:Jean-Claude Trichet
2591:Jean-Claude Juncker
2428:François Mitterrand
2286:European Commission
2086:Władysław Frasyniuk
2004:Andrzej Wiszniewski
1878:Andrzej Wiszniewski
1838:Janusz Onyszkiewicz
1681:Adam Daniel Rotfeld
1598:Stefan Jędrychowski
1583:Zygmunt Modzelewski
1341:Bronislaw Geremek's
1144:www.achievement.org
1092:Deutscher Bundestag
759:(Studio EMKA 2004,
680:European Parliament
660:Ryszard Kaczorowski
559:Order of Leopold II
520:. In May 2007, the
473:(later merged into
366:Columbia University
154:Władysław Frasyniuk
4371:Gabriela Kiliánová
4350:Eimuntas Nekrošius
4247:Lech Trzeciakowski
4181:Yurii Andrukhovych
4026:Tasos Athanasiadis
3979:Wisława Szymborska
3948:Zigmas Zinkevičius
3943:Takis Varvitsiotis
3888:Răzvan Theodorescu
3832:Manolis Andronikos
3769:Virginia Paskaleva
3450:Vjenceslav Richter
3445:Dimitrios Loukatos
3270:Nikolaos Andriotis
3264:Kazimierz Wejchert
3208:Stanislav Libenský
3126:Veselin Beshevliev
2914:Spyridon Marinatos
2909:Witold Lutosławski
2878:Aleksander Kobzdej
2832:Manolis Hatzidakis
2727:Volodymyr Zelensky
2679:Timothy Garton Ash
2647:Dalia Grybauskaitė
2389:King Juan Carlos I
2215:George C. Marshall
2128:Recipients of the
2074:Leszek Balcerowicz
2068:Tadeusz Mazowiecki
2009:Andrzej Zakrzewski
1934:Stanisław Iwanicki
1929:Andrzej Chronowski
1868:Wiesław Walendziak
1863:Janusz Tomaszewski
1833:Eugeniusz Morawski
1783:Leszek Balcerowicz
1651:Andrzej Olechowski
1638:Republic of Poland
1628:Tadeusz Olechowski
1623:Marian Orzechowski
1578:Wincenty Rzymowski
1545:Zygmunt Zawadowski
1520:Aleksander Zawisza
1432:Gabriel Narutowicz
1427:Konstanty Skirmunt
1389:Republic of Poland
1267:. 22 December 2008
992:on 10 October 2009
782:Historia i trwanie
674:Posthumous honours
644:Nowy Tomyśl County
620:Académie française
506:
396:Political activity
362:Utrecht University
142:Leszek Balcerowicz
4542:Polish dissidents
4389:
4388:
4289:Theodore Antoniou
4128:Ferdinand Milučký
4031:Bogdan Bogdanović
3974:Mindaugas Navakas
3883:Jerzy Tchórzewski
3811:Yorgos Sicilianos
3754:Bronisław Geremek
3723:Jerzy Buszkiewicz
3682:Christos Kapralos
3558:Constantin Lucaci
3486:Aleksandar Nichev
3481:Sona Kovacevicová
3476:Vojislav J. Đurić
3408:Alexandru Rosetti
3100:Branko Maksimović
3074:Mihail Sokolovski
2965:Pancho Vladigerov
2929:Svetozar Radojčić
2904:Vladimír Kompánek
2857:Hristo Vakarelski
2816:Stanisław Lorentz
2806:Oto Bihalji-Merin
2756:
2755:
2719:Veronika Tsepkalo
2715:Maria Kalesnikava
2655:Herman Van Rompuy
2639:Wolfgang Schäuble
2575:Pope John Paul II
2512:Bronisław Geremek
2191:Winston Churchill
2162:Alcide De Gasperi
2130:Charlemagne Prize
2095:
2094:
2080:Bronisław Geremek
2022:
2021:
2014:Andrzej Zieliński
1969:Tadeusz Syryjczyk
1949:Longin Komołowski
1823:Jerzy Kropiwnicki
1818:Longin Komołowski
1808:Jacek Janiszewski
1798:Bronisław Geremek
1793:Ryszard Czarnecki
1734:
1733:
1726:Radosław Sikorski
1711:Jacek Czaputowicz
1701:Grzegorz Schetyna
1696:Radosław Sikorski
1666:Bronisław Geremek
1345:Project Syndicate
1321:Bronisław Geremek
1319:Media related to
1118:Bronislaw Geremek
921:College of Europe
885:"List of Fellows"
705:(Czytelnik 1989,
654:, Prime Minister
475:The Freedom Union
392:until his death.
390:College of Europe
378:Collège de France
370:Waseda University
335:Warsaw University
272:Benjamin Lewertow
247:Bronisław Geremek
244:
243:
173:Benjamin Lewertow
56:
25:Bronisław Geremek
4564:
4294:Michał Głowiński
4237:Nedjeljko Fabrio
4159:Karolos Mitsakis
4123:Dževad Karahasan
4087:Dorota Simonides
4000:Konstantin Iliev
3924:Ștefan Niculescu
3847:Stefan Kaszynski
3779:András Vizkelety
3774:Adriena Šimotová
3656:József Ujfalussy
3589:Demetrios Pallas
3563:Krasimir Manchev
3527:Stefana Stoykova
3517:Gunther Schuller
3440:Stefka Georgieva
3403:Vera Mutafchieva
3321:Kazimierz Dejmek
3280:Emmanuel Kriaras
3254:Nichita Stănescu
3249:Dezső Keresztury
3244:Ioannis Kakridis
3228:Stanojlo Rajičić
3162:Władysław Czerny
3141:Zbigniew Herbert
3120:Virgil Vătășianu
3115:Henryk Stażewski
2991:Marijan Matković
2783:
2776:
2769:
2760:
2759:
2742:
2733:
2721:
2705:
2697:
2695:António Guterres
2689:
2681:
2673:
2665:
2657:
2649:
2641:
2633:
2625:
2617:
2609:
2601:
2593:
2585:
2577:
2565:
2557:
2549:
2530:
2522:
2514:
2506:
2498:
2490:
2482:
2474:
2466:
2458:
2450:
2442:
2434:
2422:
2414:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2383:
2375:
2370:
2362:
2354:
2346:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2309:
2301:
2296:
2288:
2280:
2275:
2267:
2259:
2254:
2246:
2238:
2233:
2231:Walter Hallstein
2225:
2217:
2209:
2201:
2199:Paul-Henri Spaak
2193:
2185:
2180:
2172:
2164:
2156:
2154:Hendrik Brugmans
2148:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2099:
2098:
2055:Chairmen of the
2049:
2042:
2035:
2026:
2025:
1999:Edmund Wittbrodt
1979:Antoni Tokarczuk
1888:Marek Zdrojewski
1853:Janusz Steinhoff
1843:Janusz Pałubicki
1776:Original members
1761:
1754:
1747:
1738:
1737:
1618:Stefan Olszowski
1603:Stefan Olszowski
1550:Kazimierz Sabbat
1500:Edward Raczyński
1417:Eustachy Sapieha
1374:
1367:
1360:
1351:
1350:
1318:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1218:
1216:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1008:
1002:
1001:
999:
997:
988:. Archived from
981:
975:
974:
972:
970:
954:
948:
947:
929:
923:
907:
901:
900:
898:
896:
881:
875:
874:
872:
870:
865:on 3 August 2008
861:. Archived from
859:Fundacja Geremka
851:
845:
844:
842:
840:
825:
819:
813:
691:Senate of Poland
636:national road 92
589:Legion of Honour
364:, the Sorbonne,
276:social historian
269:
268:
267:
261:
258:
252:
199:
182:
180:
164:Personal details
150:
138:
129:
108:
96:
84:
65:
51:
35:
21:
20:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4381:Vojteh Ravnikar
4278:Ludvík Václavek
4227:Péter Esterházy
4206:Andrej Mitrović
4168:
4144:Nikola Georgiev
4072:Eliška Fučíková
4046:Lech Kalinowski
4020:Marian Zgórniak
3919:Dževad Juzbašić
3893:Elena Várossová
3873:Petro Kononenko
3842:Blaga Dimitrova
3826:Stoimen Stoilov
3783:
3764:Dejan Medaković
3733:Nikolai Genchev
3707:Edvard Ravnikar
3697:Donka Petkanova
3671:Gheorghe Vrabie
3620:Boris Gaberščik
3599:Simeon Pironkov
3568:Krzysztof Meyer
3430:Emil Condurachi
3417:
3239:Marin Goleminov
3203:Hristo M. Danov
3146:Eugen Jebeleanu
3110:Jaroslav Pešina
3090:Dragotin Cvetko
3084:Bence Szabolcsi
3041:
3022:Milovan Gavazzi
3007:Jan Białostocki
2996:Ksawery Piwocki
2976:Albín Brunovský
2945:Miroslav Krleža
2893:Dimiter Statkov
2868:Dezső Dercsényi
2793:
2787:
2757:
2752:
2745:
2736:
2724:
2708:
2700:
2692:
2687:Emmanuel Macron
2684:
2676:
2668:
2660:
2652:
2644:
2636:
2628:
2620:
2615:Andrea Riccardi
2612:
2604:
2596:
2588:
2580:
2568:
2560:
2552:
2544:
2533:
2525:
2517:
2509:
2501:
2493:
2488:Franz Vranitzky
2485:
2477:
2472:Felipe González
2469:
2461:
2453:
2445:
2437:
2425:
2420:Henry Kissinger
2417:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2386:
2378:
2373:
2365:
2357:
2349:
2341:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2312:
2304:
2299:
2291:
2283:
2278:
2270:
2262:
2257:
2249:
2241:
2236:
2228:
2220:
2212:
2204:
2196:
2188:
2183:
2178:Konrad Adenauer
2175:
2167:
2159:
2151:
2143:
2132:
2126:
2096:
2091:
2059:
2053:
2023:
2018:
1919:Marek Biernacki
1892:
1813:Teresa Kamińska
1803:Mirosław Handke
1771:
1765:
1735:
1730:
1632:
1559:
1555:Zygmunt Skopiak
1481:
1412:Stanisław Patek
1397:Leon Wasilewski
1383:
1378:
1311:
1306:
1296:
1294:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1270:
1268:
1265:Gazeta Wyborcza
1259:
1258:
1254:
1244:
1242:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1214:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1169:
1159:
1155:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1123:
1121:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1020:
1018:
1010:
1009:
1005:
995:
993:
984:
982:
978:
968:
966:
956:
955:
951:
944:
930:
926:
917:Wayback Machine
908:
904:
894:
892:
891:on 22 July 2012
883:
882:
878:
868:
866:
855:"Strona główna"
853:
852:
848:
838:
836:
827:
826:
822:
814:
803:
799:
778:Fernand Braudel
774:
699:
676:
632:national road 2
628:
587:Officer in the
542:
498:
467:
451:
446:
403:
398:
315:
263:
262:
256:
255:[brɔˈɲiswav
250:
210:Political party
201:
197:
184:
178:
176:
175:
174:
148:
136:
130:
125:
106:
94:
82:
66:
61:
50:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4570:
4560:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4357:
4355:Krešimir Nemec
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4263:Károly Manherz
4260:
4255:
4253:Vasil Gyuzelev
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4232:Radost Ivanova
4229:
4224:
4219:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4201:Marek Kopelent
4198:
4193:
4191:János Böhönyey
4188:
4183:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4118:Henryk Górecki
4115:
4110:
4108:Mircea Dinescu
4105:
4100:
4094:
4092:Elena Toncheva
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3954:Sándor Kányádi
3950:
3945:
3940:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3914:István Borzsák
3910:
3905:
3903:Dionysis Zivas
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3692:György Györffy
3689:
3684:
3679:
3673:
3668:
3666:Velizar Velkov
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3594:Károly Perczel
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3534:
3532:C. A. Trypanis
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3512:Jozef Jankovič
3509:
3504:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3357:Zdenko Kolacio
3354:
3349:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3326:Stoyan Dzudzev
3323:
3318:
3316:Đurđe Bošković
3313:
3307:
3302:
3300:Anastas Petrov
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3218:Gábor Preisich
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3136:János Harmatta
3133:
3128:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3095:Atanas Dalchev
3092:
3086:
3081:
3079:Zaharia Stancu
3076:
3071:
3066:
3064:Georgios Megas
3061:
3056:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2981:Bohuslav Fuchs
2978:
2973:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2940:Roman Ingarden
2937:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2837:Emanuel Hruška
2834:
2829:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2794:
2786:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2763:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2734:
2722:
2706:
2703:Klaus Iohannis
2698:
2690:
2682:
2674:
2666:
2658:
2650:
2642:
2634:
2626:
2618:
2610:
2602:
2594:
2586:
2578:
2566:
2558:
2550:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2523:
2515:
2507:
2499:
2491:
2483:
2475:
2467:
2464:Jacques Delors
2459:
2451:
2443:
2435:
2423:
2415:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2384:
2376:
2371:
2368:Emilio Colombo
2363:
2355:
2347:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2310:
2302:
2297:
2289:
2281:
2276:
2268:
2265:Jens Otto Krag
2260:
2255:
2247:
2239:
2234:
2226:
2218:
2210:
2207:Robert Schuman
2202:
2194:
2186:
2181:
2173:
2165:
2157:
2149:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2125:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2102:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2052:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2029:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1974:Tomasz Szyszko
1971:
1966:
1961:
1959:Grzegorz Opala
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1939:Lech Kaczyński
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1900:
1898:
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1309:External links
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1241:. 13 July 2008
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1211:. 13 July 2008
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765:83-88607-38-3
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751:83-01-11855-5
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743:Wspólne pasje
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725:83-06-00428-0
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711:83-07-01490-5
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4335:Primož Kuret
4325:Károly Klimó
4273:Ales Rasanau
4258:Drago Jančar
4186:Janez Bernik
4149:Imre Kertész
4139:Ivan Čolović
4113:István Fried
4041:Ferenc Glatz
3938:Květa Válová
3852:Jiří Kořalka
3837:Jenő Barabás
3806:Andor Pigler
3753:
3677:Roman Berger
3640:Anatol Vieru
3635:Jiří Kotalík
3574:Branko Fučić
3522:Zdenko Škreb
3455:Eugen Suchoň
3393:Kamil Lhoták
3388:Iván Balassa
3362:Atanas Natev
3305:Ion Vladutiu
3285:Albert Kutal
3259:Rudolf Turek
3167:Ivan Duichev
3027:Gyula Illyés
3001:France Stele
2971:Jolán Balogh
2790:Herder Prize
2671:Pope Francis
2573: /
2538:2001–present
2528:Bill Clinton
2511:
2504:Roman Herzog
2456:Václav Havel
2430: /
2244:Edward Heath
2079:
1994:Jerzy Widzyk
1904:Artur Balazs
1897:Joined later
1797:
1716:Zbigniew Rau
1665:
1613:Józef Czyrek
1593:Adam Rapacki
1442:Marian Seyda
1333:
1330:Adam Michnik
1295:. Retrieved
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4402:1932 births
4340:Jiří Kuthan
4330:Hanna Krall
4299:Dušan Kováč
4242:Aurel Stroe
4005:Marin Mincu
3990:Tamás Hofer
3984:Jaan Undusk
3959:Mirko Kovač
3898:Māra Zālīte
3862:Jon Nicodim
3857:Zmaga Kumer
3749:Liviu Calin
3718:Ákos Birkás
3713:Maria Banuș
3610:Georgi Baev
3372:Pavel Trost
3367:András Sütő
3311:Eugen Barbu
3234:Jagoda Buić
3192:Zeno Vancea
3187:Ján Podolák
3177:László Gerő
3172:Ivo Frangeš
3037:Zeko Torbov
2986:Mihail Jora
2960:Lajos Vayer
2950:Ludvík Kunz
2852:Hugo Rokyta
2623:Donald Tusk
2432:Helmut Kohl
2381:Simone Veil
2307:Roy Jenkins
2273:Joseph Luns
2223:Joseph Bech
2170:Jean Monnet
2088:(2001–2005)
2082:(2000–2001)
2076:(1995–2000)
2070:(1994–1995)
1873:Emil Wąsacz
1858:Jan Szyszko
1788:Jerzy Buzek
1691:Anna Fotyga
1120:(in German)
1094:(in German)
833:wyborcza.pl
664:Lech Wałęsa
656:Donald Tusk
518:vetting law
438:Lech Wałęsa
434:Solidarność
137:Preceded by
95:Preceded by
88:Jerzy Buzek
4396:Categories
4051:Jaan Kross
3816:Emil Skála
3496:Imre Varga
3413:Wiktor Zin
3336:Jiří Hrůza
3331:Béla Gunda
3290:Máté Major
3054:Jiří Kolář
2899:Iván Fenyő
2888:Niko Kuret
2863:Ján Cikker
2520:Tony Blair
2448:Gyula Horn
1477:Józef Beck
1422:Jan Dąbski
1193:12 January
1166:Karlspreis
1072:12 January
1051:12 January
996:26 January
797:References
634:(nowadays
601:Karlspreis
233:Profession
179:1932-03-06
4173:2001–2006
4164:Arvo Pärt
4134:Ján Bakoš
3788:1991–2000
3507:Géza Entz
3422:1981–1990
3156:Jan Racek
3046:1971–1980
3012:Jan Filip
2924:Mihai Pop
2798:1964–1970
2792:laureates
2335:1976–2000
2137:1950–1975
1291:dzieje.pl
1271:3 January
1245:3 January
319:Auschwitz
236:Historian
127:In office
72:President
63:In office
4309:Éva Pócs
4062:Imre Bak
2811:Jan Kott
1297:30 March
1221:BBC News
1215:17 March
1172:17 March
1124:17 March
1098:17 March
963:osce.org
913:Archived
895:25 April
869:17 March
839:30 March
382:PEN Club
354:Sorbonne
205:, Poland
188:, Poland
2571:Pat Cox
638:) near
618:of the
540:Honours
270:; born
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1162:"Vita"
969:15 May
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763:
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640:Lubień
605:Aachen
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372:, and
328:maggid
257:
225:Spouse
203:Lubień
186:Warsaw
3934:Jitka
2737:2024
2725:2023
2709:2022
2701:2020
2693:2019
2685:2018
2677:2017
2669:2016
2661:2015
2653:2014
2645:2013
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2197:1957
2189:1956
2176:1954
2168:1953
2160:1952
2152:1951
2144:1950
1239:TVN24
626:Death
3936:and
2555:Euro
2405:1985
2400:1984
2395:1983
2374:1980
2326:1975
2321:1974
2300:1971
2279:1968
2258:1965
2237:1962
2184:1955
1767:The
1299:2024
1273:2023
1247:2023
1217:2022
1195:2021
1174:2022
1126:2022
1100:2022
1074:2021
1053:2021
1023:2017
998:2010
971:2018
938:ISBN
897:2011
871:2022
841:2024
786:ISBN
761:ISBN
747:ISBN
721:ISBN
707:ISBN
666:and
490:OSCE
482:Sejm
428:and
193:Died
169:Born
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