3352:
112:
1540:, Nazca, and Caribbean Plates and various island arcs. The interaction of the plate tectonic movements formed the Northern Andean Block, separated from the Maracaibo Block by the Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault. The Northern Andean Block is subdivided into tectonic realms, with the Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault separating the Central Continental Sub-plate Realm in the west from the Maracaibo Sub-plate Realm in the east. It has been suggested that these two realms are dominated by respectively Nazca and Caribbean Plate subduction. The compressional stress regime caused the formation of the oblique sinistral Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault and dextral
3359:
1596:
55:
1637:
38:
83:
742:
1505:
750:
726:
4224:
734:
90:
62:
4236:
3345:
680:
The fault is divided into three segments; the main
Bucaramanga Fault segment in the south, the Algarrobo Fault in the central section, and the main Santa Marta Fault segment in the northern part of the fault system. Between the two main outcropping segments, the Algarrobo Fault is present in the
604:
of 341 ± 23 degrees, is a major wrench fault with a sinistral (left-lateral) displacement ranging from 45 to 110 kilometres (28 to 68 mi) and a fault slip rate of 0.01 to 0.2 millimetres (0.00039 to 0.00787 in) per year. The Santa Marta Fault forms the boundary between several distinct
2865:
Yarce, Jefferson; Monsalve, Gaspar; Becker, Thorsten W.; Cardona, Agustín; Poveda, Esteban; Alvira, Daniel; Ordoñez
Carmona, Oswaldo (2014), "Seismological observations in Northwestern South America: Evidence for two subduction segments, contrasting crustal thicknesses and upper mantle flow",
482:. The fault system is composed of two main outcropping segments, named Santa Marta and Bucaramanga Faults, and an intermediate Algarrobo Fault segment in the subsurface. The system has a total length of 674 kilometres (419 mi) and runs along an average north-northwest to south-southeast
1574:
at the
Santander Massif. In this area, the top of the subducting slab has been estimated at an initial depth of approximately 100 kilometres (62 mi), then a horizontal part for about 50 kilometres (31 mi), and a farther descending section to reach a depth of around 200 kilometres
2683:
Idárraga García, Javier; Posada, Blanca Oliva; Guzmán, Georgina (2011), "Geomorfología de la zona costera adyacente al piedemonte occidental de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta entre los sectores de Pozos
Colorados y el Río Córdoba, Caribe Colombiano",
2770:
Posada Posada, Blanca Oliva; Andrade, Carlos A.; Thomas, Yves-François (2012), "Estructura del subsuelo de la plataforma continental aledaña a las estribaciones de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, bahías de
Taganga, Santa Marta y Gaira",
1535:
converge. Since Early
Mesozoic times, the western portion of Colombia was subjected to different episodes of subduction, accretion and collision, at the boundaries of the South America continental and the oceanic
3017:
Colmenares, Fabio; Mesa, Milena; Roncancio, Jairo; Arciniegas, Edgar; Pedraza, Pablo; Cardona, Agustín; Silva, César; Romero, Jhoamna; Alvarado and Oscar Romero, Felipe Vargas, Carlos
Santamaría, Sonia (2007),
2981:
Colmenares, Fabio; Mesa, Milena; Roncancio, Jairo; Arciniegas, Edgar; Pedraza, Pablo; Cardona, Agustín; Silva, César; Romero, Jhoamna; Alvarado and Oscar Romero, Felipe Vargas, Carlos
Santamaría, Sonia (2007),
2945:
Colmenares, Fabio; Mesa, Milena; Roncancio, Jairo; Arciniegas, Edgar; Pedraza, Pablo; Cardona, Agustín; Silva, César; Romero, Jhoamna; Alvarado and Oscar Romero, Felipe Vargas, Carlos
Santamaría, Sonia (2007),
3907:
4195:
4032:
3621:
3505:
1508:
The tectonic history of the
Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault, separating the Northern Andean from the Maracaibo Block (shown together as ND), is influenced by the interaction of the
3873:
3419:
3942:
4095:
1636:
4007:
3863:
3137:
Daconte, Rommel; Salinas, Rosalba; Royero, José María; Clavijo, Jairo; Arias, Alfonso; Carvajal, Luz S.; López, Martín E.; Angarita, Leonidas; Mendoza, Hernando (2009),
2851:
2710:
Nevistic, A.V.; Rossello, E.A.; Haring, C.E.; Covellone, G.; Bettini, F.; Rodríguez, H.; Salay, R.; Colo, C.; Araque, E. Castro, C. Pinilla, C.P. Bordarampé, L. (2003),
3912:
610:
514:
3972:
3952:
3917:
3902:
3480:
4110:
3937:
3500:
3402:
614:
518:
2699:
Relationship between curved thrust belts, rift inversion, oblique convergence and strike-slip faulting - an example of Eastern Cordillera in Colombia (PhD thesis)
3897:
3709:
4172:
Gómez Tapias, Jorge; Montes Ramírez, Nohora E.; Almanza Meléndez, María F.; Alcárcel Gutiérrez, Fernando A.; Madrid Montoya, César A.; Diederix, Hans (2015).
3485:
3752:
4100:
4280:
3397:
2606:"Análisis estructural del segmento Bucaramanga del Sistema de Fallas de Bucaramanga (SFB) entre los municipios de Pailitas y Curumaní, Cesar - Colombia"
3470:
2653:
Egbue, Obi; Kellogg, James; Aguirre, Hector; Torres, Carolina (2014), "Evolution of the stress and strain fields in the Eastern Cordillera, Colombia",
697:, where it continues south-southeastward into the Eastern Ranges in the departments of Norte de Santander and Santander. The fault can be traced until
533:
in the east. The Bucaramanga Fault segment separates the middle part of the Middle Magdalena Valley in the west from the Santander Massif in the east.
3490:
3475:
3408:
660:
sedimentary rocks. In the western downthrown block, predominately sedimentary rocks of Quaternary and Tertiary age are found, with lesser amounts of
2803:"Kinematic evolution of Andean fold-thrust structures along the boundary between the Eastern Cordillera and Middle Magdalena Valley basin, Colombia"
706:
3510:
3045:
3009:
2973:
2725:
1603:
A study published in 2009 about the Bucaramanga segment of the fault system revealed that the fault had eight episodes of activity during the late
3515:
143:
3284:
710:
54:
580:
The Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault is a major fault system which extends for a total distance of 674 kilometres (419 mi) from the Colombian
3840:
3520:
3495:
82:
3858:
2561:
4285:
4275:
1643:
1930:
1962:
2604:
Cuéllar Cárdenas, Mario Andrés; López Isaza, Julián Andrés; Osorio Naranjo, Jairo Alonso; Carrillo Lombana, Edgar Joaquín (2012),
2170:
4270:
2712:
The Andean Santander-Oriental Tectonic Syntaxis: A first-order pattern controlling exploration play-model concepts in Colombia
4295:
4231:
3987:
3947:
3932:
4255:
4227:
4017:
3277:
2106:
1946:
3116:
Royero, José María; Clavijo, Jairo; Mendoza, Hernando; Barbosa, Gonzalo; Vargas, G.; Bernal, R.E.; Ferreira, P. (1994),
4173:
4022:
2362:
4290:
1287:
525:
to the east. The buried Algarrobo Fault segment forms the boundary between the Lower Magdalena Valley and northern
4179:
4157:
3887:
2762:
2743:
1665:
3967:
3351:
2801:
Sánchez, Javier; Horton, Brian K.; Tesón, Eliseo; Mora, Andrés; Ketcham, Richard A.; Stockli, Daniel F. (2012),
3270:
2378:
1612:
585:
491:
267:
111:
3704:
2655:
2632:"Resultados preliminares del primer estudio paleosismológico a lo largo de la Falla de Bucaramanga, Colombia"
2631:
1128:
4027:
4002:
3463:
3221:
Ward, Dwight E.; Goldsmith, Richard; Jimeno, Andrés; Cruz, Jaime; Restrepo, Hernán; Gómez, Eduardo (1977),
2574:
Colmenares, Lourdes; Zoback, Mark D. (2003), "Stress field and seismotectonics of northern South America",
2282:
1556:
1520:, where the 20 ± 2 millimetres (0.787 ± 0.079 in)/yr east to southeastward moving
606:
522:
263:
136:
2555:
Cediel, Fabio; Shaw, Robert P.; Cáceres, Carlos (2003), "Tectonic Assembly of the Northern Andean Block -
1196:
4260:
4037:
2702:
2630:
Diederix, Hans; Hernández M., Catalina; Torres J., Eliana; Osorio, Jairo Alonso; Botero, Paola (2009),
2557:
The Circum-Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean: Hydrocarbon habitats, basin formation, and plate tectonics
2298:
2186:
3997:
3982:
2266:
664:
and Jurassic rocks. The northern half of the fault is partially covered by Quaternary deposits in the
4052:
2218:
4062:
3927:
3636:
3538:
2802:
1552:
1541:
628:
The fault divides the northern part of the Eastern Ranges in two structurally distinct regions. The
3962:
3922:
3792:
2868:
1647:
1404:
714:
236:
188:
4204:
4047:
3992:
3572:
2842:
2410:
2010:
1994:
1978:
1670:
1476:
698:
618:
530:
4057:
4042:
3301:
2330:
2314:
1675:
622:
526:
459:
328:
3243:
3222:
3201:
3180:
3159:
3138:
3117:
3096:
3075:
3054:
3019:
2983:
2947:
2925:
2904:
1331:
4265:
4105:
3977:
2714:, VIII Simposio Bolivariano - Exploración Petrolera en las Cuencas Subandinas, pp. 130–134
2394:
2250:
2074:
1575:(120 mi). The slab section, called Bucaramanga slab, here has a dip that continues to the
3850:
3369:
2234:
3957:
3757:
3631:
2202:
2154:
2122:
2090:
2042:
1583:, in a north–south area approximately 200 kilometres (120 mi) in length, a well-defined
363:
192:
4171:
4148:
3742:
2734:
2026:
1607:. The most recent activity has been inferred to have been around the year 1020. During this
815:
4012:
3592:
3567:
3555:
3358:
3334:
2877:
2816:
2664:
2585:
2138:
2058:
1651:
1595:
1532:
1336:
906:
796:
702:
593:
475:
463:
333:
214:
202:
3747:
1516:
The Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault system is located in northwestern South America, on the
1221:
8:
3532:
3293:
2807:
2603:
1584:
1355:
350:
2881:
2820:
2668:
2589:
4085:
3832:
3392:
2605:
1243:
1133:
545:
471:
409:
394:
385:
210:
3544:
1625:, produced 27 earthquakes of magnitudes 4.0 to 5.3 between May 2012 and January 2013.
1174:
4131:
3737:
3661:
3439:
3324:
3039:
3003:
2967:
2719:
2576:
1608:
1563:. Uplift along the western margin of the Santa Marta Fault probably commenced in the
1517:
561:
549:
541:
502:
455:
390:
375:
368:
355:
4150:
Map and Database of Quaternary Faults and Folds in Colombia and its Offshore Regions
4147:
Paris, Gabriel; Machette, Michael N.; Dart, Richard L.; Haller, Kathleen M. (2000).
4090:
3868:
3777:
3727:
3696:
3587:
3382:
2736:
Map and Database of Quaternary Faults and Folds in Colombia and its Offshore Regions
2733:
Paris, Gabriel; Machette, Michael N.; Dart, Richard L.; Haller, Kathleen M. (2000),
553:
398:
4126:
3797:
3787:
3782:
3577:
3414:
2885:
2824:
2788:
2780:
2672:
2593:
1622:
1580:
1106:
933:
741:
694:
637:
601:
510:
483:
467:
447:
303:
206:
37:
3762:
3582:
4235:
3802:
3613:
3549:
3452:
3377:
3309:
1521:
689:, Cesar is located right above the fault. The fault reappears at surface east of
669:
557:
402:
313:
3817:
3812:
3772:
3671:
3651:
3626:
3525:
2889:
1571:
1545:
4080:
3719:
3666:
3387:
1537:
1504:
974:
686:
629:
430:
228:
3767:
3686:
2676:
564:, around the year 1020, when the area around Bucaramanga was inhabited by the
4249:
3732:
3656:
3641:
3562:
3457:
3319:
1576:
1528:
1509:
840:
572:
of the Bucaramanga Fault segment lead to the conclusion the fault is active.
158:
145:
3053:
González, Javier; Clavijo, Jairo; Hernández, Marina; García, Carlos (2002),
996:
681:
subsurface, overlain by Quaternary sediments. The urban centre of the major
3329:
1615:
645:
633:
565:
506:
343:
2784:
884:
749:
725:
3822:
3676:
3646:
3314:
2828:
1429:
1378:
1040:
790:
690:
665:
597:
487:
240:
232:
224:
129:
125:
3262:
2346:
1018:
3807:
3681:
3249:
3242:
Vargas, Rodrigo; Arias, Alfonso; Jaramillo, Luis; Tellez, Noel (1984),
3228:
3207:
3186:
3165:
3144:
3123:
3102:
3081:
3060:
3025:
2989:
2953:
2931:
2910:
2757:
Perico Martínez, Néstor Rafael; Perico Granados, Néstor Rafael (2014),
1525:
661:
560:. Studies of the fault segments have shown the fault was active in the
2793:
1309:
733:
556:
along the Santa Marta section and intraterrane movement in the Andean
2597:
1587:
extending to 175 kilometres (109 mi) depth has been identified.
862:
641:
581:
3095:
Bernal Vargas, Luis Enrique; Mantilla Figueroa, Luis Carlos (2006),
1454:
1265:
2844:
Informe de coyuntura económica regional - Departamento de Magdalena
2629:
1604:
1564:
1062:
952:
928:
657:
653:
649:
569:
479:
418:
178:
3344:
1618:. The authors consider the Bucaramanga Fault therefore as active.
625:
along the southern Bucaramanga Fault segment of the fault system.
4072:
3016:
2980:
2944:
1680:
1560:
1152:
621:. The Santander Massif is separated from the central part of the
537:
425:
414:
705:. The Bucaramanga Fault possibly continues as the compressional
513:
complexes. The northern Santa Marta Fault segment separates the
2709:
1555:
produced offshore Caribbean platforms and valleys north of the
1084:
3094:
3052:
2756:
568:. Various seismic events analysed to have occurred during the
2759:
Caracterización y recurrencia sísmica del Nido de Bucaramanga
589:
495:
272:
3074:
Hernández, Marina; Clavijo, Jairo; González, Javier (2001),
3136:
3115:
2682:
682:
4197:
Enciclopedia de desastres naturales históricos de Colombia
3241:
2864:
2769:
2652:
3073:
2613:
Boletín de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander
4146:
3220:
2732:
501:
The fault system is a major bounding fault for various
2800:
2686:
Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, INVEMAR
116:
Topographic map of northern Colombia showing the fault
2949:
Plancha 19 - Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta - 1:100,000
1646:
View of the Bucaramanga section of the fault east of
605:
geological provinces: it is the western limit of the
89:
61:
2352:
1579:
of the Caribbean seafloor. Towards the north of the
97:
Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault (Santander Department)
2520:
2518:
2506:
2443:
2425:
1952:
1621:Other faults in the seismically active zone, named
1611:, the area around Bucaramanga was inhabited by the
592:to as far as about 6.5° N, south of the capital of
2923:
2368:
2336:
2272:
2096:
2048:
536:The fault system bounds and cuts the four largest
2554:
2434:
2240:
2064:
1920:
1902:
4247:
2902:
2761:, V Congreso Internacional de Ingeniería Civil,
2573:
2527:
2515:
2497:
2488:
2470:
2400:
2224:
2000:
1984:
1968:
452:(Sistema de) Falla(s) de Bucaramanga-Santa Marta
30:(Sistema de) Falla(s) de Bucaramanga-Santa Marta
4193:
2479:
2452:
2320:
2304:
2192:
2160:
2144:
2112:
2080:
2032:
613:, farther to the south the fault separates the
454:) is a major oblique transpressional sinistral
42:View of the Bucaramanga Fault along Bucaramanga
3157:
2288:
2176:
2016:
1936:
1755:
1734:
617:and northern Middle Magdalena Valley from the
3278:
2536:
2461:
2384:
2256:
2128:
486:of 341 ± 23 from the Caribbean coast west of
3044:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3008:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2972:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2724:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2696:
2636:Ingeniería, Investigación y Desarrollo, UPTC
2416:
2208:
1911:
632:eastern block mainly comprises crystalline
3199:
3178:
2924:Hernández, Marina; Maldonado, Iván (1999),
1814:
1812:
4281:Geography of Norte de Santander Department
3285:
3271:
3158:Daconte, Rommel; Salinas, Rosalba (1980),
2903:Hernández, Marina; Clavijo, Jairo (1998),
1893:
1884:
1748:
1746:
1570:The Bucaramanga Fault intersects with the
1551:The interplay between the Santa Marta and
290:Santa Marta, Algarrobo, Bucaramanga Faults
110:
36:
3292:
2792:
1875:
1866:
1857:
1848:
1839:
1830:
1821:
440:Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault (BSMF, BSF)
3200:Vargas, Rodrigo; Arias, Alfonso (1981),
3179:Vargas, Rodrigo; Arias, Alfonso (1981),
1809:
1800:
1791:
1782:
1773:
1764:
1594:
1503:
748:
740:
732:
724:
2840:
2763:Universidad Santo Tomás Seccional Tunja
1743:
1687:
1524:, 60 mm (2.4 in)/yr eastward
4248:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
3266:
3224:Plancha 120 - Bucaramanga - 1:100,000
2512:Colmenares & Zoback, 2003, p. 723
2449:Colmenares & Zoback, 2003, p. 722
1512:, South American and Caribbean Plates
3119:Plancha 65 - Tamalameque - 1:100,000
2985:Plancha 26 - Pueblobello - 1:100,000
2906:Plancha 11 - Santa Marta - 1:100,000
2431:Colmenares & Zoback, 2003, p.721
1715:
600:. The fault system, with an average
444:Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault System
255:1–1,500 m (3.3–4,921.3 ft)
27:Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault System
3140:Plancha 66 - Miraflores - 1:100,000
3077:Plancha 47 - Chiriguaná - 1:100,000
2494:Idárraga García et al., 2011, p. 57
2476:Idárraga García et al., 2011, p. 44
2251:Official website San Alberto, Cesar
1699:
1499:
13:
3357:
3350:
3343:
2485:Posada Posada et al., 2012, p. 103
2235:Official website San Martín, Cesar
14:
4307:
4286:Geography of Santander Department
4276:Geography of Magdalena Department
3098:Plancha 55 - El Banco - 1:100,000
3056:Plancha 40 - Bosconia - 1:100,000
3021:Plancha 33 - El Copey - 1:100,000
2155:Official website La Gloria, Cesar
720:
69:Location of the fault in Colombia
4234:
4223:
4222:
3245:Plancha 136 - Málaga - 1:100,000
3203:Plancha 97 - Cáchira - 1:100,000
2927:Plancha 18 - Ciénaga - 1:100,000
2203:Official website González, Cesar
1635:
745:Topography of Norte de Santander
100:Show map of Santander Department
88:
81:
60:
53:
3182:Plancha 86 - Ábrego - 1:100,000
2697:Jiménez Díaz, Giovanny (2013),
2548:
2542:Perico & Perico, 2014, p. 6
2059:Official website El Paso, Cesar
1666:List of earthquakes in Colombia
3161:Plancha 76 - Ocaña - 1:100,000
2363:Official website Floridablanca
1963:Official website Zona Bananera
575:
1:
4271:Geography of Cesar Department
4180:Servicio Geológico Colombiano
2656:Journal of Structural Geology
2283:Official website La Esperanza
1908:Sánchez et al., 2012, p. 3008
1728:
22:Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault
4296:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
2533:Diederix et al., 2009, p. 21
2524:Diederix et al., 2009, p. 23
2503:Diederix et al., 2009, p. 19
2440:Nevistic et al., 2003, p.132
2379:Official website Piedecuesta
2347:Official website Bucaramanga
2107:Official website Chimichagua
1931:Official website Santa Marta
1557:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
1485:1,777 m (5,830 ft)
1438:1,005 m (3,297 ft)
1318:2,025 m (6,644 ft)
1296:1,566 m (5,138 ft)
1274:1,398 m (4,587 ft)
1205:1,202 m (3,944 ft)
1183:1,240 m (4,070 ft)
648:age, with lesser amounts of
523:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
490:to the northern area of the
264:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
7:
2890:10.1016/j.tecto.2014.09.006
2458:Cediel et al., 2003, p. 818
2411:Official website San Andrés
2075:Official website Chiriguaná
1761:Cuéllar et al., 2012, p. 77
1658:
1628:
1590:
675:
10:
4312:
4256:Seismic faults of Colombia
4175:Geological Map of Colombia
2315:Official website El Playón
2171:Official website El Carmen
2011:Official website Algarrobo
1995:Official website Fundación
1979:Official website Aracataca
1463:660 m (2,170 ft)
1413:925 m (3,035 ft)
1388:959 m (3,146 ft)
1364:590 m (1,940 ft)
1342:469 m (1,539 ft)
1139:761 m (2,497 ft)
4220:
4140:
4119:
4071:
3886:
3849:
3831:
3718:
3695:
3612:
3603:
3430:
3368:
3341:
3300:
2841:Various, Authors (2016),
2677:10.1016/j.jsg.2013.10.004
2467:Yarce et al., 2014, p. 57
2331:Official website Rionegro
2123:Official website Pailitas
2091:Official website Curumaní
2043:Official website Bosconia
2027:Official website El Copey
1752:Paris et al., 2000, p. 10
1740:Jiménez Díaz, 2013, p. 56
1581:Bucaramanga Nest or Swarm
424:
408:
384:
374:
362:
349:
339:
327:
322:
312:
302:
298:674 km (419 mi)
294:
286:
278:
259:
251:
246:
220:
198:
184:
174:
135:
121:
109:
47:
35:
26:
21:
4194:Various authors (2014).
2773:Boletín Científico, CIOH
2422:Egbue et al., 2014, p. 9
2299:Official website Cáchira
2187:Official website Teorama
1947:Official website Ciénaga
1692:
1252:125 m (410 ft)
1230:119 m (390 ft)
1027:112 m (367 ft)
961:200 m (660 ft)
939:180 m (590 ft)
715:Altiplano Cundiboyacense
318:110 km (68 mi)
4291:Earthquakes in Colombia
4205:Universidad del Quindío
3874:Morronegro-Las Mercedes
3446:Bucaramanga-Santa Marta
2896:
2395:Official website Cepitá
2267:Official website Ábrego
2139:Official website Pelaya
1676:Middle Magdalena Valley
1161:72 m (236 ft)
1115:50 m (160 ft)
1093:50 m (160 ft)
1071:77 m (253 ft)
1049:49 m (161 ft)
1005:40 m (130 ft)
983:36 m (118 ft)
871:40 m (130 ft)
753:Topography of Santander
729:Topography of Magdalena
685:producing municipality
623:Middle Magdalena Valley
527:Middle Magdalena Valley
3362:
3355:
3348:
2219:Official website Ocaña
1600:
1599:Map of seismic threats
1513:
915:24 m (79 ft)
893:10 m (33 ft)
849:30 m (98 ft)
824:10 m (33 ft)
754:
746:
738:
730:
615:Lower Magdalena Valley
611:Sinú-San Jacinto Basin
519:Lower Magdalena Valley
515:Sinú-San Jacinto Basin
458:(wrench fault) in the
451:
16:Colombian fault system
4192:
4170:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3294:Tectonism in Colombia
2785:10.26640/22159045.245
1671:Cesar-Ranchería Basin
1598:
1533:South American Plates
1507:
752:
744:
736:
728:
619:Cesar-Ranchería Basin
531:Cesar-Ranchería Basin
521:in the west from the
4145:
3335:South American Plate
2829:10.1029/2011TC003089
1721:2016 population data
1712:2017 population data
1688:Notes and references
802:0 m (0 ft)
529:to the west and the
334:South American Plate
159:7.09028°N 73.08750°W
72:Show map of Colombia
3506:Servitá-Santa María
2882:2014Tectp.637...57Y
2821:2012Tecto..31.3008S
2669:2014JSG....58....8E
2590:2003Geo....31..721C
1585:Wadati-Benioff Zone
737:Topography of Cesar
155: /
4261:Strike-slip faults
3793:Remolino-El Charco
3363:
3356:
3349:
2703:Università di Roma
1601:
1514:
1314:Norte de Santander
1292:Norte de Santander
1270:Norte de Santander
1201:Norte de Santander
1157:Norte de Santander
1134:Norte de Santander
755:
747:
739:
731:
607:Santa Marta Massif
503:sedimentary basins
472:Norte de Santander
308:341 ± 23 (NNW-SSE)
211:Norte de Santander
164:7.09028; -73.08750
4243:
4242:
4132:Vichada Structure
3882:
3881:
3622:Bituima-La Salina
3501:San Pedro-Cumaral
3420:Río Negro-Juruena
3325:North Andes Plate
1917:DANE, 2015, p. 29
1899:Plancha 136, 1984
1890:Plancha 120, 1977
1609:pre-Columbian era
1518:North Andes Plate
1497:
1496:
670:Magdalena valleys
638:metamorphic rocks
588:of the Colombian
562:pre-Columbian era
542:North Andes Plate
494:of the Colombian
456:strike-slip fault
436:
435:
369:Strike-slip fault
356:Pre-Columbian era
4303:
4238:
4226:
4225:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4202:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4182:. pp. 1–212
4168:
4166:
4165:
4155:
4127:Bucaramanga Nest
3637:Chitagá-Pamplona
3610:
3609:
3431:Terrane-bounding
3415:Amazonian Craton
3411:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3049:
3043:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3013:
3007:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2977:
2971:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2892:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2849:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2797:
2796:
2766:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2741:
2729:
2723:
2715:
2706:
2705:, pp. 1–106
2693:
2679:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2610:
2600:
2598:10.1130/G19409.1
2570:
2543:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2513:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2486:
2483:
2477:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2459:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1882:
1881:Plancha 97, 1981
1879:
1873:
1872:Plancha 86, 1981
1870:
1864:
1863:Plancha 76, 1980
1861:
1855:
1854:Plancha 66, 2009
1852:
1846:
1845:Plancha 65, 1994
1843:
1837:
1836:Plancha 55, 2006
1834:
1828:
1827:Plancha 47, 2001
1825:
1819:
1818:Plancha 40, 2002
1816:
1807:
1806:Plancha 33, 2007
1804:
1798:
1797:Plancha 26, 2007
1795:
1789:
1788:Plancha 19, 2007
1786:
1780:
1779:Plancha 18, 1999
1777:
1771:
1770:Plancha 11, 1998
1768:
1762:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1741:
1738:
1722:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1639:
1623:Bucaramanga Nest
1500:Tectonic setting
781:
774:
764:
757:
756:
403:Chibcha Terranes
170:
169:
167:
166:
165:
160:
156:
153:
152:
151:
148:
114:
101:
92:
91:
85:
73:
64:
63:
57:
40:
19:
18:
4311:
4310:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4216:
4210:
4208:
4207:. pp. 1–21
4200:
4185:
4183:
4163:
4161:
4160:. pp. 1–66
4153:
4136:
4115:
4111:Carajas-Imataca
4067:
3889:
3878:
3845:
3827:
3714:
3691:
3605:
3599:
3573:Córdoba-Navarco
3481:Garzón-Pitalito
3464:Eastern Frontal
3432:
3426:
3407:
3364:
3339:
3310:Caribbean Plate
3302:Tectonic plates
3296:
3291:
3255:
3253:
3234:
3232:
3213:
3211:
3192:
3190:
3171:
3169:
3150:
3148:
3129:
3127:
3108:
3106:
3087:
3085:
3066:
3064:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3029:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2993:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2957:
2937:
2935:
2916:
2914:
2899:
2857:
2855:
2854:, pp. 1–99
2847:
2833:
2831:
2765:, pp. 1–19
2749:
2747:
2746:, pp. 1–66
2739:
2717:
2716:
2645:
2643:
2622:
2620:
2608:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1645:
1640:
1631:
1593:
1502:
1491:
1486:
1469:
1464:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1370:
1365:
1348:
1343:
1324:
1319:
1302:
1297:
1280:
1275:
1258:
1253:
1236:
1231:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1189:
1184:
1167:
1162:
1145:
1140:
1121:
1116:
1099:
1094:
1077:
1072:
1055:
1050:
1033:
1028:
1011:
1006:
989:
984:
967:
962:
945:
940:
921:
916:
899:
894:
877:
872:
855:
850:
835:
834:
830:
825:
808:
803:
779:
778:
773:of urban centre
772:
771:
763:bold is capital
762:
761:
723:
678:
630:Andean uplifted
578:
558:Chibcha Terrane
554:Tahamí Terranes
270:
266:
247:Characteristics
163:
161:
157:
154:
149:
146:
144:
142:
141:
117:
105:
104:
103:
102:
99:
98:
95:
94:
93:
76:
75:
74:
71:
70:
67:
66:
65:
43:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4309:
4299:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4241:
4240:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4106:Transamazonian
4103:
4098:
4096:Rondônia-Juruá
4093:
4088:
4083:
4077:
4075:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3894:
3892:
3884:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3855:
3853:
3851:Other terranes
3847:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3837:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3724:
3722:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3705:Espiritú Santo
3701:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3618:
3616:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3593:Rosas-Julumito
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3568:Buesaco-Aranda
3565:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3535:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3442:
3436:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3412:
3405:
3403:Quebradagrande
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3374:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3306:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3290:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3239:
3218:
3197:
3176:
3155:
3134:
3113:
3092:
3071:
3050:
3014:
2978:
2942:
2921:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2869:Tectonophysics
2862:
2838:
2798:
2779:(30): 93–104,
2767:
2754:
2730:
2707:
2694:
2680:
2650:
2627:
2601:
2584:(8): 721–724,
2571:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2535:
2526:
2514:
2505:
2496:
2487:
2478:
2469:
2460:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2424:
2415:
2399:
2383:
2367:
2351:
2335:
2319:
2303:
2287:
2271:
2255:
2239:
2223:
2207:
2191:
2175:
2159:
2143:
2127:
2111:
2095:
2079:
2063:
2047:
2031:
2015:
1999:
1983:
1967:
1951:
1935:
1919:
1910:
1901:
1892:
1883:
1874:
1865:
1856:
1847:
1838:
1829:
1820:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1781:
1772:
1763:
1754:
1742:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1714:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1642:
1641:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1592:
1589:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
993:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
971:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
949:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
931:
925:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
903:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
881:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
859:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
837:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
812:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
794:
786:
785:
782:
775:
768:
765:
722:
721:Municipalities
719:
711:Soapaga Faults
677:
674:
586:Eastern Ranges
577:
574:
492:Eastern Ranges
434:
433:
428:
422:
421:
412:
406:
405:
388:
382:
381:
378:
372:
371:
366:
360:
359:
353:
347:
346:
341:
337:
336:
331:
325:
324:
320:
319:
316:
310:
309:
306:
300:
299:
296:
292:
291:
288:
284:
283:
280:
276:
275:
268:Eastern Ranges
261:
257:
256:
253:
249:
248:
244:
243:
222:
218:
217:
200:
196:
195:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
139:
133:
132:
123:
119:
118:
115:
107:
106:
96:
87:
86:
80:
79:
78:
77:
68:
59:
58:
52:
51:
50:
49:
48:
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4308:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4266:Active faults
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4219:
4206:
4199:
4198:
4191:
4181:
4177:
4176:
4159:
4152:
4151:
4143:
4139:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3885:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3830:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3602:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3534:
3533:Mulato-Getudo
3531:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3433:fault systems
3429:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3320:Malpelo Plate
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3288:
3283:
3281:
3276:
3274:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3251:
3247:
3246:
3240:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3219:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3198:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3177:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3156:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3135:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3114:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3093:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3072:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3015:
3011:
3005:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2979:
2975:
2969:
2955:
2951:
2950:
2943:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2922:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2863:
2853:
2846:
2845:
2839:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2795:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2755:
2745:
2738:
2737:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2713:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2651:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2618:
2614:
2607:
2602:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2552:
2539:
2530:
2521:
2519:
2509:
2500:
2491:
2482:
2473:
2464:
2455:
2446:
2437:
2428:
2419:
2412:
2403:
2396:
2387:
2380:
2371:
2364:
2355:
2348:
2339:
2332:
2323:
2316:
2307:
2300:
2291:
2284:
2275:
2268:
2259:
2252:
2243:
2236:
2227:
2220:
2211:
2204:
2195:
2188:
2179:
2172:
2163:
2156:
2147:
2140:
2131:
2124:
2115:
2108:
2099:
2092:
2083:
2076:
2067:
2060:
2051:
2044:
2035:
2028:
2019:
2012:
2003:
1996:
1987:
1980:
1971:
1964:
1955:
1948:
1939:
1932:
1923:
1914:
1905:
1896:
1887:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1851:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1813:
1803:
1794:
1785:
1776:
1767:
1758:
1749:
1747:
1737:
1733:
1718:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1698:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1653:
1649:
1648:Floridablanca
1644:
1638:
1626:
1624:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1597:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1577:oceanic crust
1573:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1546:Boconó Faults
1543:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1511:
1506:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1405:Floridablanca
1403:
1402:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1008:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
991:
986:
981:
978:
976:
973:
972:
969:
964:
959:
956:
954:
951:
950:
947:
942:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
926:
923:
918:
913:
910:
908:
905:
904:
901:
896:
891:
888:
886:
883:
882:
879:
874:
869:
866:
864:
861:
860:
857:
852:
847:
844:
842:
841:Zona Bananera
839:
838:
832:
827:
822:
819:
817:
814:
813:
810:
805:
800:
798:
795:
793:
792:
788:
787:
783:
776:
769:
766:
759:
758:
751:
743:
735:
727:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
584:coast to the
583:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
432:
429:
427:
423:
420:
416:
413:
411:
407:
404:
400:
396:
392:
389:
387:
383:
379:
377:
373:
370:
367:
365:
361:
357:
354:
352:
348:
345:
342:
338:
335:
332:
330:
326:
321:
317:
315:
311:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
282:Andean faults
281:
277:
274:
269:
265:
262:
258:
254:
250:
245:
242:
238:
237:Floridablanca
234:
230:
226:
223:
219:
216:
212:
208:
204:
201:
197:
194:
190:
187:
183:
180:
177:
173:
168:
140:
138:
134:
131:
127:
124:
120:
113:
108:
84:
56:
46:
39:
34:
31:
25:
20:
4209:. Retrieved
4196:
4184:. Retrieved
4174:
4169:
4162:. Retrieved
4149:
4120:Other topics
3864:Dagua-Calima
3743:Bahía Solano
3604:Intraterrane
3554:
3537:
3462:
3445:
3444:
3330:Panama Plate
3254:, retrieved
3244:
3233:, retrieved
3223:
3212:, retrieved
3202:
3191:, retrieved
3181:
3170:, retrieved
3160:
3149:, retrieved
3139:
3128:, retrieved
3118:
3107:, retrieved
3097:
3086:, retrieved
3076:
3065:, retrieved
3055:
3030:, retrieved
3020:
2994:, retrieved
2984:
2958:, retrieved
2948:
2936:, retrieved
2926:
2915:, retrieved
2905:
2873:
2867:
2856:, retrieved
2843:
2832:, retrieved
2812:
2806:
2776:
2772:
2758:
2748:, retrieved
2735:
2711:
2698:
2689:
2685:
2660:
2654:
2644:, retrieved
2639:
2635:
2621:, retrieved
2616:
2612:
2581:
2575:
2566:
2560:
2556:
2549:Bibliography
2538:
2529:
2508:
2499:
2490:
2481:
2472:
2463:
2454:
2445:
2436:
2427:
2418:
2407:(in Spanish)
2402:
2391:(in Spanish)
2386:
2375:(in Spanish)
2370:
2359:(in Spanish)
2354:
2343:(in Spanish)
2338:
2327:(in Spanish)
2322:
2311:(in Spanish)
2306:
2295:(in Spanish)
2290:
2279:(in Spanish)
2274:
2263:(in Spanish)
2258:
2247:(in Spanish)
2242:
2231:(in Spanish)
2226:
2215:(in Spanish)
2210:
2199:(in Spanish)
2194:
2183:(in Spanish)
2178:
2167:(in Spanish)
2162:
2151:(in Spanish)
2146:
2135:(in Spanish)
2130:
2119:(in Spanish)
2114:
2103:(in Spanish)
2098:
2087:(in Spanish)
2082:
2071:(in Spanish)
2066:
2055:(in Spanish)
2050:
2039:(in Spanish)
2034:
2023:(in Spanish)
2018:
2007:(in Spanish)
2002:
1991:(in Spanish)
1986:
1975:(in Spanish)
1970:
1959:(in Spanish)
1954:
1943:(in Spanish)
1938:
1927:(in Spanish)
1922:
1913:
1904:
1895:
1886:
1877:
1868:
1859:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1802:
1793:
1784:
1775:
1766:
1757:
1736:
1717:
1620:
1602:
1572:Boconó Fault
1569:
1550:
1515:
1377:
1288:La Esperanza
789:
760:Municipality
679:
646:pre-Cambrian
627:
579:
535:
500:
478:in northern
443:
439:
437:
314:Displacement
29:
3890:earthquakes
3748:Cañasgordas
3738:Bagre Norte
3662:La Macarena
3440:Bagre Norte
3315:Coiba Plate
3252:, p. 1
3231:, p. 1
3210:, p. 1
3189:, p. 1
3168:, p. 1
3147:, p. 1
3126:, p. 1
3105:, p. 1
3084:, p. 1
3063:, p. 1
3028:, p. 1
2992:, p. 1
2956:, p. 1
2934:, p. 1
2913:, p. 1
2815:(3): 1–24,
2562:AAPG Memoir
1430:Piedecuesta
1379:Bucaramanga
1244:San Alberto
1041:Chimichagua
791:Santa Marta
777:Inhabitants
767:Department
691:Tamalameque
598:Bucaramanga
576:Description
511:metamorphic
488:Santa Marta
460:departments
351:Earthquakes
241:Piedecuesta
233:Bucaramanga
225:Santa Marta
162: /
137:Coordinates
130:Santa Marta
126:Bucaramanga
4250:Categories
4211:2017-06-20
4186:2019-10-29
4164:2017-06-20
4086:Famatinian
3833:La Guajira
3798:Santa Rita
3788:Piedrancha
3783:Naya-Micay
3758:Garrapatas
3632:Caño Tomás
3578:Montenegro
3486:Guaicáramo
3471:Afiladores
3393:La Guajira
3256:2017-06-20
3250:INGEOMINAS
3235:2017-06-20
3229:INGEOMINAS
3214:2017-06-20
3208:INGEOMINAS
3193:2017-06-20
3187:INGEOMINAS
3172:2017-06-20
3166:INGEOMINAS
3151:2017-06-20
3145:INGEOMINAS
3130:2017-06-20
3124:INGEOMINAS
3109:2017-06-20
3103:INGEOMINAS
3088:2017-06-20
3082:INGEOMINAS
3067:2017-06-20
3061:INGEOMINAS
3032:2017-06-20
3026:INGEOMINAS
2996:2017-06-20
2990:INGEOMINAS
2960:2017-06-20
2954:INGEOMINAS
2938:2017-06-20
2932:INGEOMINAS
2917:2017-06-20
2911:INGEOMINAS
2858:2017-06-20
2834:2017-06-20
2794:1834/14769
2750:2017-06-20
2646:2017-06-20
2623:2017-06-20
1729:References
1613:indigenous
1553:Oca Faults
1526:subducting
1477:San Andrés
1222:San Martín
997:Chiriguaná
699:San Andrés
662:Cretaceous
546:La Guajira
395:La Guajira
386:Rock units
358:(~1020 AD)
150:73°05′15″W
4073:Orogenies
3803:El Tambor
3550:Palestina
3545:Otú Norte
3491:Guayuriba
3476:Algeciras
3453:Cimitarra
2876:: 57–67,
2808:Tectonics
2569:: 815–848
1652:Santander
1522:Caribbean
1481:Santander
1459:Santander
1434:Santander
1409:Santander
1384:Santander
1360:Santander
1337:Santander
1332:El Playón
1129:El Carmen
1107:La Gloria
911:Magdalena
907:Algarrobo
889:Magdalena
885:Fundación
867:Magdalena
863:Aracataca
845:Magdalena
820:Magdalena
797:Magdalena
703:Santander
642:Paleozoic
609:with the
594:Santander
582:Caribbean
550:Caribbean
476:Santander
464:Magdalena
391:Caribbean
380:Sinistral
323:Tectonics
252:Elevation
215:Santander
203:Magdalena
189:Caribbean
147:7°05′25″N
122:Etymology
4228:Category
4063:2016 (2)
4058:2016 (1)
4048:2013 (2)
4013:1995 (2)
4008:1995 (1)
3978:1979 (2)
3973:1979 (1)
3968:1970 (2)
3963:1970 (1)
3869:Guáitara
3778:Montería
3728:Abriaquí
3667:La Plata
3588:Piendamó
3511:Sibundoy
3370:Terranes
3040:citation
3004:citation
2968:citation
2720:citation
2663:: 8–21,
2619:: 73–101
1659:See also
1629:Panorama
1605:Holocene
1591:Activity
1565:Pliocene
1538:Farallon
1356:Rionegro
1175:González
1063:Pailitas
1019:Curumaní
953:Bosconia
929:El Copey
770:Altitude
676:Segments
658:Tertiary
654:Triassic
650:Jurassic
570:Holocene
538:terranes
480:Colombia
419:Holocene
376:Movement
287:Segments
179:Colombia
4141:Sources
4101:Tapajós
3763:Murindó
3733:Argelia
3710:Uramita
3657:Irlanda
3642:La Dina
3614:Chibcha
3583:Paraíso
3563:Armenia
3556:Romeral
3458:Cucuana
3409:Anacona
3378:Chibcha
2878:Bibcode
2817:Bibcode
2692:: 41–58
2665:Bibcode
2642:: 18–23
2586:Bibcode
2577:Geology
1681:Taganga
1561:Taganga
1529:Malpelo
1510:Malpelo
1443:156,167
1418:266,669
1393:528,575
1310:Cáchira
1153:Teorama
975:El Paso
829:104,897
816:Ciénaga
807:466,000
713:on the
687:El Paso
634:igneous
540:of the
507:igneous
448:Spanish
426:Orogeny
415:Neogene
279:Part of
229:El Paso
175:Country
4232:Images
4091:Sunsás
4081:Andean
3818:Unguía
3813:Tucurá
3773:Mutatá
3720:Caribe
3697:Tahamí
3672:Suárez
3652:Ibagué
3627:Bogotá
3606:faults
3526:Boconó
3398:Arquía
3388:Caribe
3383:Tahamí
1531:, and
1455:Cepitá
1369:27,114
1347:11,776
1323:10,970
1301:12,012
1279:38,627
1266:Ábrego
1257:24,653
1235:18,548
1210:98,992
1166:21,524
1144:14,005
1120:12,938
1098:17,910
1085:Pelaya
1076:17,166
1054:30,658
1032:24,367
1010:19,650
988:22,832
966:37,248
944:27,212
920:12,576
898:57,344
876:39,473
854:60,524
784:Notes
707:Boyacá
602:strike
544:; the
484:strike
431:Andean
401:&
399:Tahamí
344:Active
340:Status
304:Strike
295:Length
271:
221:Cities
193:Andean
185:Region
4201:(PDF)
4154:(PDF)
3888:Major
3841:Cuisa
3823:Urrao
3768:Murrí
3753:Cauca
3687:Vianí
3677:Tarra
3647:Honda
3558:(RFS)
3521:Yopal
3516:Suazá
3496:Mocoa
3466:(EFS)
3448:(BSF)
2848:(PDF)
2740:(PDF)
2609:(PDF)
1693:Notes
1616:Guane
1559:near
1248:Cesar
1226:Cesar
1197:Ocaña
1179:Cesar
1111:Cesar
1089:Cesar
1067:Cesar
1045:Cesar
1023:Cesar
1001:Cesar
979:Cesar
957:Cesar
934:Cesar
695:Cesar
666:Cesar
590:Andes
566:Guane
496:Andes
468:Cesar
329:Plate
273:Andes
260:Range
207:Cesar
199:State
4158:USGS
4053:2015
4043:2012
4038:2008
4033:2007
4028:2004
4023:1999
4018:1996
4003:1994
3998:1992
3993:1991
3988:1987
3983:1983
3958:1967
3953:1962
3948:1958
3943:1936
3938:1917
3933:1906
3928:1875
3923:1868
3918:1834
3913:1827
3908:1785
3903:1743
3898:1646
3859:Meta
3808:Toro
3682:Usme
3046:link
3010:link
2974:link
2897:Maps
2852:DANE
2744:USGS
2726:link
1544:and
1490:8540
1468:1865
1188:6990
780:2015
709:and
683:coal
668:and
656:and
644:and
636:and
552:and
517:and
509:and
505:and
474:and
438:The
364:Type
3539:Oca
2886:doi
2874:637
2825:doi
2789:hdl
2781:doi
2673:doi
2594:doi
2559:",
1542:Oca
640:of
462:of
442:or
410:Age
4252::
4230:•
4203:.
4178:.
4156:.
3248:,
3227:,
3206:,
3185:,
3164:,
3143:,
3122:,
3101:,
3080:,
3059:,
3042:}}
3038:{{
3024:,
3006:}}
3002:{{
2988:,
2970:}}
2966:{{
2952:,
2930:,
2909:,
2884:,
2872:,
2850:,
2823:,
2813:31
2811:,
2805:,
2787:,
2777:30
2775:,
2742:,
2722:}}
2718:{{
2701:,
2690:40
2688:,
2671:,
2661:58
2659:,
2638:,
2634:,
2617:34
2615:,
2611:,
2592:,
2582:31
2580:,
2567:79
2565:,
2517:^
1811:^
1745:^
1701:^
1650:,
1567:.
1548:.
717:.
701:,
693:,
672:.
652:,
596:,
548:,
498:.
470:,
466:,
450::
397:,
393:,
239:,
235:,
231:,
227:,
213:,
209:,
205:,
191:,
128:,
4214:.
4189:.
4167:.
3286:e
3279:t
3272:v
3048:)
3012:)
2976:)
2888::
2880::
2827::
2819::
2791::
2783::
2728:)
2675::
2667::
2640:9
2596::
2588::
446:(
417:-
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