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Buffalo mozzarella

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591: 29: 634: 124: 648: 218: 1539:«So it was a blow when health authorities found high levels of dioxins, nasty byproducts of chemical manufacturing, in samples of buffalo milk from farms near Caserta, north of Naples, in recent weeks, and began a sweeping criminal investigation and the quarantine of dozens of herds of buffalo.», in 1051:
Borghese and Mazzi (2005) presented a comprehensive review on the Buffalo populations and production systems in the world. According to these authors, Brazil has the largest buffalo herd size in South America, followed by Venezuela, Argentina and Colombia. Buffaloes were imported into Brazil between
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These articles marked the beginning of an international media attention that raised the threshold of collective attention on the potential harmfulness of buffalo mozzarella from Campania. In particular, they pointed out to varying degrees a relationship between the fires of garbage heaps and the
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Apart from in Italy, its birthplace, buffalo mozzarella is manufactured in many other countries around the world. There are producers in Switzerland, the United States, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, Canada, China, Japan, Venezuela, Argentina, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Spain, Sweden, Colombia,
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and the DOP designation. The Consorzio per la Tutela del Formaggio di Bufala Campana ("Consortium for the Protection of the Buffalo Cheese of Campania") is an organization of approximately 200 producers that, under Italian law, is responsible for the "protection, surveillance, promotion and
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References to cheese products made from water buffalo milk appeared for the first time at the beginning of the twelfth century. Buffalo mozzarella became widespread throughout the south of Italy from the second half of the eighteenth century, before which it had been produced only in small
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To produce 1 kg (2 lb 3 oz) of cheese, a cheese maker requires 8 kg (18 lb) of cow milk but only 5 kg (11 lb) of buffalo milk. Producing 1 kg of butter requires 14 kg (31 lb) of cow milk but only 10 kg (22 lb) of buffalo milk.
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definitively removed the ban on mozzarella, originally activated on 28 March 2008, and tests held in December 2013 in Germany on behalf of four Italian consumer associations have highlighted dioxin and heavy metal levels at least five times lower than the legal limit.
279:. Buffalo mozzarella is a €300m ($ 330m) per year industry in Italy, which produces around 33,000 tonnes of it every year, with 16 percent sold abroad (mostly in the European Union). France and Germany are the main importers, but sales to Japan and Russia are growing. 353:"In ancient times, the buffalo was a familiar sight in the countryside, since it was widely used as a draught animal in ploughing compact and watery terrains, both because of its strength and the size of its hooves, which do not sink too deeply into moist soils." 1414:
However, others believe that the buffalo originated in Italy, a theory that is based on fossils found in the Roman countryside, as well as from results of recent studies that appear to demonstrate that Italian buffalos have a different phylogeny than Indian
1222:"Commission Regulation (EC) No 103/2008 of 4 February 2008 approving non-minor amendments to the specification for a name entered in the register of protected designations of origin and protected geographical indications — Mozzarella di Bufala Campana (PDO)" 1103: 114: 1052:
the 1940s and 1960s, where the ideal conditions such as thriving pastures, water, grazing space, and suitable temperatures were available. In the 1970s Brazilian buffalo breeders began to use these animals for dairy and meat production.
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government was among the first to prohibit the importation of Italian buffalo mozzarella, promising to remove the ban only when the findings confirmed the possible contamination and identification of responsible producers.
304:, which account for ≈30% of the total dairy buffalo population (this percentage does not exist in any other country) and have a mean production of 2,356 kg milk in 270 days of lactation, with 8% fat and 4.63% protein. 429:, a series of checks and suspended, in some cases, the sale of dairy products from the incriminated provinces. Tests had shown levels of dioxins higher than normal in at least 14% of samples taken in the provinces of 1392:
There are many theories on their Italian beginnings: the most likely hypothesis is that the Norman kings, around the year 1000, brought them into southern Italy from Sicily, where they had been introduced by the
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The digestive system of water buffaloes permits them to turn low grade vegetation into rich milk which, due to its higher percentage of solids, provides higher levels of protein, fat and minerals than cow milk.
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took various measures ranging from the mere raising of the attention threshold to the suspension of imports. The Italian institutions activated almost immediately, even in response to pressing requests from the
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The Consortium is the only organization recognized by the Italian Ministry of Agricultural and Forestry Policies (MIPAF) for the protection, surveillance, promotion and marketing of Mozzarella di Bufala
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The Mozzarella di Bufala Campana DOP trademark (Protected Name of Origin) was registered with the European Community Regulation no. 1107 of 1996, three years after it was given the DOC mark (D.P.C.M. of
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release of dioxins and other cancerous substances, which would end up in the pastures of dairy animals. Alarmed by some positive findings in the dioxin test, the
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It all starts with the Asian Buffalo, brought to Italy by the Goths, as they migrated southwest during the waning years of the Roman empire.
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published an article which reported the difficulties encountered by the Campania producers of mozzarella in avoiding the contamination of
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area, and managing the resulting crisis in local sales. The article, later referenced by blogs and other publications, referred to the
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In any case, the contamination has affected, in a limited defined manner, the farms used to produce buffalo mozzarella DOP. The
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marketing" of Mozzarella di Bufala Campana. The mozzarella industry in Italy resulted from 34,990 recorded females of the
1276: 127: 1140: 981: 696: 618:(a low moisture content buffalo mozzarella is preferred), on grilled bread, with tomatoes, or by itself accompanied by 1632: 1591: 755: 346:) suggesting that water buffalo may have originated in Italy. A fourth theory is that water buffalo were brought from 312:
The history of water buffalo in Italy is not settled. One theory is that Asian water buffalo were brought to Italy by
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Curd maturation (the curd lies in tubs to reduce the acidifying processes and reach a pH value of about 4.95).
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Buffalo mozzarella from Campania bears the trademark "mozzarella di bufala campana". In 1993, it was granted
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Rankin, Scott A.; Carol M. Chen; Dean Sommer (2006). "Mozzarella and Scamorza Cheese". In Yiu H. Hui (ed.).
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Thailand, Israel, Egypt, India and South Africa, all using milk from their own herds of water buffaloes.
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requires that it may only be produced with a traditional recipe in select locations in the regions of
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into the Near East by Arabs and then introduced into Europe by pilgrims and returning crusaders.
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Minervino, Antonio Humberto Hamad; Zava, Marco; Vecchio, Domenico; Borghese, Antonio (2020).
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Milk heating (thermic treatment to the liquid, then poured into a cream separator).
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because Italian buffalo are found in all Italian regions. Only the specific type
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Packaging (in special films cut as bags or in small basins and plastic).
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also refers to fossil evidence (the prehistoric European Water Buffalo,
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by Michael W. Robbins and Wendy Palitz (Workman Publishing 2000), 306
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Pickling (by immersion in pickling tubs containing the original whey).
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I test tenuti in Germania assolvono la mozzarella bufala campana dop
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Cheeses with designation of origin protected in the European Union
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Spinning (hot water is poured on the curd to soften it, obtaining
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Consorzio per la Tutela del Formaggio Mozzarella di Bufala Campana
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A chain reaction followed, in which several countries including
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The Water Buffalo: New Prospects for an Underutilized Animal
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Milk storage (raw buffalo milk stored in steel containers).
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and various other national and international newspapers.
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Production in and around Naples was briefly interrupted
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The steps required to produce buffalo mozzarella are:
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Italian products with protected designation of origin
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Handbook of food science, technology, and engineering
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by Steve Ehlers and Jeanette Hurt (Penguin, 2008), 96
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Mozzarella di Bufala Campana DOP, Consorzio di Tutela
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Mozzarella di Bufala Campana DOP, Consorzio di Tutela
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Mozzarella di Bufala Campana DOP, Consorzio di Tutela
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Mozzarella di Bufala Campana DOP, Consorzio di Tutela
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Mozzarella di Bufala Campana DOP, Consorzio di Tutela
960:"Welcome to the Australian Buffalo Industry Council" 629: 1857:- History and detailed technical process definition 1776:"Campana Buffalo's Mozzarella Cheese: How To Enjoy" 1216: 910:"water buffalo cheese, yogurt, and specialty meats" 525:
Contents for 100 g (3.5 oz) buffalo milk:
1499:The Complete Idiot's Guide to Cheeses of the World 1023:Seno, L. O.; V. L. Cardoso and H. Tonhati (2006). 228:In Italy, the cheese is produced nationwide using 1850:Mozzarella di Bufala Campana DOP official website 1066:"Italian mountaineers cut the cheese in Thailand" 835:Tagliabue, John; Schangnau Journal (2006-06-12). 185:Since 1996 it is also registered as an EU and UK 2402: 1861:Mozzarella di Bufala Campana (trade association) 887:. Realmozzarella.com. 2012-03-08. Archived from 502:Shaping (with special rotating shaper machines). 1512:The Oxford companion to American food and drink 1141:"Italian cheese, sold in the US, made in India" 766:. European Commission: L 31/31. 5 February 2008 286: 1559:"Italy's Mozzarella Makers Fight Dioxin Scare" 736:. European Commission: C 90/5–9. 25 March 2007 390:and referred to other pieces published by the 1891: 1253:"The Consortium: History of The Organization" 1196:"The Consortium: History of The Organization" 456:reported a 40% reduction of workforce in the 335: 321: 263:, and there are also production areas in the 189:(Italian: DOP) product. The protected origin 1545:Italy's Mozzarella Makers Fight Dioxin Scare 1167:"South Africa's 1st Real Buffalo Mozzarella" 760:Official Journal of the European Communities 730:Official Journal of the European Communities 697:"Mozzarella di Bufala .org - il marchio dop" 598:Generally, buffalo mozzarella is eaten with 449:, no control indicated dioxins positivity. 487:Curdling (by introduction of natural whey). 318:the migrations of the early medieval period 1898: 1884: 1744: 1489:by Judy Ridgway (Running Press, 2004,) 123 232:milk under the government's official name 1747:"Buffalo Mozzarella: An Italian Original" 1327: 1309: 756:"Commission Regulation (EC) No 103/2008" 589: 216: 1778:. MozzarelladiBufal.org. Archived from 1716:How to turn milk into mozzarella cheese 1653: 1457: 1455: 1063: 802: 748: 718: 454:Italian General Confederation of Labour 2403: 1968:Formai de Mut dell'Alta Valle Brembana 1871:Video: Water Buffalo of Campania Italy 1855:Mozzarella di Bufala Campana (Italian) 1227:Official Journal of the European Union 1094: 1092: 1090: 574: 572: 570: 243:is produced in the area reaching from 212: 1879: 1556: 1463:"Campana Buffalo's Mozzarella Cheese" 1431:"CAMPANA BUFFALO'S MOZZARELLA CHEESE" 505:Cooling (by immersion in cold water). 382:of dairy products, especially in the 334:had introduced them into Sicily. The 1452: 863:"Bufalina AC real Mozzarella Cheese" 578:Source: National Dairy Council, 1993 468: 367: 293:denominazione di origine controllata 1905: 1557:Lyons, Patrick J. (21 March 2008). 1138: 1087: 567: 307: 13: 1797: 1358:. Forno Bravo, LLC. Archived from 14: 2447: 1843: 1654:Palermo, Antonella (2013-12-19). 174:, especially in the provinces of 1294:"Bubalus bubalis: A Short Story" 646: 632: 122: 27: 1768: 1738: 1727:from the original on 2021-12-13 1706: 1685: 1673: 1647: 1631:. 28 March 2008. Archived from 1616: 1605: 1576: 1550: 1533: 1521: 1504: 1492: 1480: 1398: 1376: 1344: 1298:Frontiers in Veterinary Science 1285: 1267: 1245: 1210: 1188: 1159: 1132: 1057: 1029:Genetics and Molecular Research 1016: 992: 973: 952: 923: 187:protected designation of origin 1745:Caramanica, Susie (May 2005). 1693:"Mozzarella di Bufala Campana" 1510:"Mozarella" by Laura Weiss in 979: 902: 873: 855: 828: 796: 786:"The Product: Production Zone" 778: 689: 170:traditionally manufactured in 1: 1064:Janssen, Peter (2008-08-11). 1004:www.angsholmensgardsmejeri.se 803:Charter, David (2008-03-29). 682: 677:List of water buffalo cheeses 672:List of stretch-cured cheeses 388:Naples waste management issue 297:protected geographical status 238:mozzarella di bufala campana 234:mozzarella di latte di bufala 221:A water buffalo on a farm in 164:Italian Mediterranean buffalo 2416:Water buffalo's-milk cheeses 1757:. Trade Environment Database 1586:International Herald Tribune 1173:. 2010-02-10. Archived from 937:. 2008-06-07. Archived from 515: 393:International Herald Tribune 320:. However, according to the 287:Mozzarella di bufala campana 100:Mozzarella di bufala campana 7: 1682:, Repubblica.it, 13-12-2013 1514:edited by Andrew F. Smith ( 662:List of Italian DOP cheeses 625: 302:Italian Mediterranean breed 10: 2452: 1695:(in Italian). Formaggio.it 1435:www.mozzarelladibufala.org 1139:Cox, Antoon (2008-01-13). 931:"Water Buffalo Mozzarella" 881:"Fresh Buffalo Mozzarella" 701:www.mozzarelladibufala.org 2367: 2244: 2226: 2203: 2098: 1913: 1528:Brooklyn: a state of mind 1311:10.3389/fvets.2020.570413 1100:National Research Council 336: 322: 121: 95: 87: 77: 55: 45: 35: 26: 21: 2075:Spressa delle Giudicarie 1660:Corriere del Mezzogiorno 1171:Slow Food (Johannesburg) 813:. London. Archived from 128:Related media on Commons 2359:Stracciatella di bufala 2218:Canestrato di Moliterno 2143:Pecorino di Carmasciano 2065:Squacquerone di Romagna 1713:Anuttama (2007-03-12). 1516:Oxford University Press 982:"Thank you, Mr Buffalo" 667:List of Italian cheeses 585: 561:energy content 270 Kcal 539:vitamin B 0.003 mg 460:for 2013. On 19 April, 337:Consorzio per la Tutela 151: 2411:Stretched-curd cheeses 2349:Sottocenere al tartufo 2085:Valle d'Aosta Fromadzo 1629:Ministero della Salute 1352:"Mozzarella di Bufala" 1110:. Books For Business. 962:. Buffaloaustralia.org 595: 552:phosphorus 380 mg 536:vitamin A 0.15 mg 441:. In the provinces of 225: 143: 986:www.chinadaily.com.cn 593: 220: 82:Italian water buffalo 2190:Tyrolean grey cheese 1487:The Cheese Companion 549:calcium 169 mg 152:muzzarella 'e vufera 144:mozzarella di bufala 40:Mozzarella di bufala 2436:Cuisine of Campania 2158:Ricotta di fuscella 2108:Bastardo del Grappa 2008:Pecorino di Filiano 1998:Parmigiano Reggiano 1622:Vedi il comunicato 1356:Forno Bravo Cooking 1218:European Commission 912:. Bufala di Vermont 530:proteins 3.72–4.2% 372:On March 21, 2008, 362:during World War II 328:Normans from Sicily 213:Areas of production 2329:Pallone di Gravina 2023:Pecorino siciliano 1993:Buffalo mozzarella 1963:Formaggio di fossa 1948:Casciotta d'Urbino 1866:History and photos 1814:Taylor and Francis 1625:"Copia archiviata" 1563:The New York Times 1541:The New York Times 1279:2013-06-02 at the 1146:The Indian Express 842:The New York Times 817:on August 29, 2008 596: 555:sodium 0.4 mg 375:The New York Times 330:in 1000, and that 265:province of Foggia 226: 136:Buffalo mozzarella 22:Buffalo mozzarella 2398: 2397: 2213:Burrata di Andria 2090:Valtellina Casera 1938:Burrata di Andria 594:Sliced in a salad 469:Production stages 368:2008 dioxin scare 343:Bubalus murrensis 133: 132: 46:Country of origin 2443: 2028:Pecorino toscano 1900: 1893: 1886: 1877: 1876: 1839: 1810:Washington, D.C. 1791: 1790: 1788: 1787: 1772: 1766: 1765: 1763: 1762: 1751:TED Case Studies 1742: 1736: 1735: 1733: 1732: 1710: 1704: 1703: 1701: 1700: 1689: 1683: 1677: 1671: 1670: 1668: 1667: 1651: 1645: 1644: 1642: 1640: 1620: 1614: 1609: 1603: 1602: 1600: 1599: 1590:. 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509: 506: 503: 500: 491: 488: 485: 482: 470: 467: 427:European Union 369: 366: 309: 306: 288: 285: 214: 211: 158:made from the 131: 130: 119: 118: 97: 93: 92: 89: 85: 84: 79: 78:Source of milk 75: 74: 57: 53: 52: 47: 43: 42: 37: 33: 32: 24: 23: 16:Italian cheese 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2448: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2408: 2406: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2372: 2370: 2368:Manufacturers 2366: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2251: 2249: 2245:Non-protected 2243: 2237: 2234: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2225: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2202: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2184: 2181: 2180: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2153:Ricotta forte 2151: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2141: 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It is a 156:mozzarella 148:Neapolitan 2380:Granarolo 2375:Auricchio 2334:Provatura 2324:Moliterno 2319:Galbanino 2254:Bel Paese 2247:varieties 2138:Padraccio 2040:Provolone 1415:buffalos. 1406:"History" 1384:"History" 1320:2297-1769 810:The Times 620:olive oil 604:vegetable 542:vitamin B 533:fat 7.5% 516:Nutrition 447:Benevento 271:, and in 2385:Parmalat 2294:Casizolu 2284:Calcagno 2279:Caciotta 2168:Scamorza 2133:Morlacco 2080:Taleggio 2055:Raschera 2050:Ragusano 2003:Pecorino 1983:Montasio 1836:60550736 1725:Archived 1412:. 2008. 1390:. 2008. 1338:33335917 1277:Archived 1262:Campana. 1259:. 2008. 1202:. 2008. 1126:56613238 1102:(2002). 1041:17183486 626:See also 439:Avellino 261:Campania 195:Campania 172:Campania 60:Campania 2344:Robiola 2339:Ricotta 2304:Crucolo 2289:Caprino 2269:Burrata 2195:Vezzena 1958:Fontina 1721:YouTube 1568:13 July 1329:7736047 792:. 2008. 770:28 July 740:28 July 600:calzone 443:Salerno 435:Caserta 422:Germany 384:Caserta 380:dioxins 316:during 273:Venafro 257:Salerno 253:Paestum 223:Paestum 180:Salerno 176:Caserta 162:of the 154:) is a 140:Italian 104:Italy: 88:Texture 2309:Crutin 2123:CasĂ da 2070:Silter 1923:Asiago 1834:  1824:  1393:Arabs. 1336:  1326:  1318:  1124:  1114:  1039:  614:), on 431:Naples 418:Russia 277:Molise 269:Puglia 207:Molise 205:, and 203:Puglia 72:Molise 70:, and 68:Puglia 56:Region 2060:Salva 2035:Piave 1928:Bitto 1818:150–2 616:pizza 608:salad 462:China 414:China 410:Japan 332:Arabs 314:Goths 267:, in 255:near 249:Lazio 199:Lazio 91:Fresh 64:Lazio 50:Italy 2264:Brös 2178:Toma 1832:OCLC 1822:ISBN 1641:2013 1570:2018 1334:PMID 1316:ISSN 1234:: 31 1232:L 31 1122:OCLC 1112:ISBN 1037:PMID 980:李霐. 772:2014 742:2014 586:Uses 445:and 437:and 420:and 245:Rome 178:and 160:milk 117:1996 108:1993 2228:TSG 2205:PGI 2100:PAT 1933:Bra 1915:PDO 1755:776 1324:PMC 1306:doi 1274:PDO 259:in 251:to 247:in 240:PDO 115:PDO 106:DOC 2407:: 1830:. 1820:. 1812:: 1808:. 1753:. 1749:. 1723:. 1719:. 1658:. 1627:. 1561:. 1543:, 1454:^ 1433:. 1422:^ 1408:. 1386:. 1369:. 1354:. 1332:. 1322:. 1314:. 1300:. 1296:. 1255:. 1230:. 1224:. 1198:. 1169:. 1143:. 1120:. 1106:. 1089:^ 1068:. 1049:. 1031:. 1027:. 1002:. 984:. 933:. 883:. 839:. 807:. 788:. 764:51 762:. 758:. 734:50 732:. 728:. 699:. 622:. 606:, 602:, 569:^ 499:). 433:, 416:, 412:, 275:, 209:. 201:, 197:, 182:. 150:: 146:; 142:: 113:: 111:EU 66:, 62:, 1899:e 1892:t 1885:v 1838:. 1789:. 1764:. 1734:. 1702:. 1669:. 1643:. 1601:. 1588:" 1572:. 1476:. 1448:. 1340:. 1308:: 1302:7 1241:. 1184:. 1155:. 1128:. 1083:. 1033:5 1012:. 988:. 969:. 948:. 919:. 898:. 851:. 824:. 774:. 744:. 714:. 544:1 138:( 102::

Index


Italy
Campania
Lazio
Puglia
Molise
Italian water buffalo
DOC
EU
PDO

Related media on Commons
Italian
Neapolitan
mozzarella
milk
Italian Mediterranean buffalo
dairy product
Campania
Caserta
Salerno
protected designation of origin
appellation
Campania
Lazio
Puglia
Molise

Paestum
Italian buffalo

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