236:
44:
93:
601:
68:
505:. It flowers from March to June and has two fruiting seasons: from April to July and from September to October. Seeds are dispersed by vertebrates, including elephants and gorillas. With a reduction in the number of those animals, the spread and regeneration of African bush mango decreases and it becomes more dependent on human planting.
514:
because they were also rarely harvested for timber. In a plantation using marcots (air-layering plants), flower production was observed within two to four years after planting. Germination from seeds is low and when they are not handled appropriately, most fail. The seeds are mostly extracted by breaking fruits by hand.
589:. Seeds, also called dika nuts, are eaten raw or roasted. Mostly however they are pounded to butter- or a chocolate-like block. Seeds can be pressed to produce an edible oil (solid at ambient temperatures) or margarine used for cooking. The oil can also be processed further to soap or cosmetics. The
513:
In the past, 90% of
African bush mango products were harvested from scattered, wild trees. African bush mango trees were not cultivated initially, because it was believed, that it took up to 15 years for a tree to bear fruit. Although they were not artificially planted, their occurrence was high
446:
forests. It grows at altitudes from 200–500 m (660–1,640 ft) with annual rainfalls from 1,200–1,500 mm (47–59 in). Supported temperature ranges from 20–38 °C (68–100 °F) . Soils more than 150 cm (59 in) deep are needed, with a moderate fertility and good
1249:
1257:
578:, it has been popularly called African mango. The fruits are processed into jelly, jam, juice and sometimes even wine. The pulp has also been used to prepare black dye for cloth coloration.
618:
systems to shade other crops, especially cocoa and coffee. They are also used to reduce erosion. Cities have started using them to shade streets, as shelter belts, or for beautification.
1273:
1101:
1222:
597:
for soup. Seeds can be ground or crushed and used as a thickening and flavoring agent in soups and stews. They can also be made into a cake called "dika bread" for preservation.
937:
608:
The nuts are often used in the
Gabonese cuisine to season poultry and meat dishes, such as the poulet à l'odika. The ground nuts provide a smoked scent to the meals.
1009:
Iponga, Donald Midoko; Mikolo-Yobo, Christian; Lescuyer, Guillaume; Assoumou, Fidèle Mba; Levang, Patrice; Tieguhong, Julius
Chupezi; Ngoye, Alfred (2018-02-01).
462:
grows straight, up to a height of 40 m (130 ft) and 1 m (3 ft 3 in) in diameter. It has buttresses to a height of 3m (10 ft). The outer
474:. The flowers are bisexual. The fruit is nearly spherical, green when ripe with a bright orange pulp. The stone is woody and contains one seed. Seeds germinate
847:
showed "some potential benefit for weight loss", stating that "it appears to be safe and well tolerated as the most common adverse effects are headache,
1127:
2109:
1918:
2176:
470:
is often a little rounder than the other, acuminate, dark green and glossy on the upper surface. Flowers are yellow to greenish-white in small
1944:
611:
The wood is hard and therefore used for heavy construction work as making ships' decks or railway ties. Dead branches are used as firewood.
1105:
2211:
1061:
1234:
1866:
2083:
1879:
1230:
945:
1104:. Plant Resources of Tropical Africa (PROTA); van der Vossen HAM, Mkamilo GS (Editors); Wageningen, Netherlands. Archived from
2186:
466:
is smooth to scaly with grey to yellow-grey color. The crown is evergreen, spherical and dense. Leaves are elliptic, one
2196:
1069:
993:
438:
The tree is present in the tropical wet and dry climate zone. African bush mango grows naturally in canopied jungle,
411:
1949:
2096:
1905:
727:
tastes juicy and sweet and is eaten fresh. A 100 gram portion of fruit pulp provides 61 calories and includes:
2191:
1306:
2001:
2127:
1808:
1143:
Sketch of the forestry of West Africa with particular reference to its present principal commercial products
1011:"The contribution of NTFP-gathering to rural people's livelihoods around two timber concessions in Gabon"
2122:
2088:
1996:
1884:
17:
2201:
1428:
92:
2206:
1456:
1433:
985:
427:
1975:
1845:
896:
2114:
1923:
1770:
1731:
1528:
527:
2181:
2024:
1726:
209:
1962:
1936:
1748:
1609:
1550:
1401:
1359:
1022:
226:
1073:
621:
Thousands of tons of
African bush mango seeds are traded each year, mostly within Africa.
8:
1970:
1654:
1354:
535:
475:
57:
1988:
1026:
2148:
2032:
1659:
1574:
1299:
1195:
1168:
824:
252:
87:
1957:
1827:
1555:
1423:
1381:
1342:
1200:
1121:
1040:
989:
832:
873:
235:
2153:
2037:
1832:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1671:
1418:
1391:
1190:
1180:
1167:
Egras, Amy M.; Hamilton, William R.; Lenz, Thomas L.; Monaghan, Michael S. (2011).
1146:
1030:
891:
594:
531:
407:
2064:
1819:
1708:
1599:
1579:
1521:
1506:
1386:
1369:
1347:
439:
130:
72:
2075:
1983:
1396:
1279:
836:
443:
117:
43:
1035:
1010:
2170:
1931:
1793:
1641:
1604:
1594:
1292:
1169:"An Evidence-Based Review of Fat Modifying Supplemental Weight Loss Products"
1044:
882:
840:
805:
709:
697:
523:
463:
77:
1150:
542:, marcotting and cuttings are feasible when they are applied to young wood.
2140:
2014:
1676:
1568:
1496:
1413:
1204:
713:
615:
539:
176:
166:
1185:
1892:
1802:
1516:
1324:
1315:
801:
701:
502:
498:
467:
419:
1871:
1716:
1696:
1634:
1621:
1471:
848:
705:
693:
590:
490:
1897:
816:, resulting in spicy, earthy, fruity, and wine-yeast characteristics.
574:
and many more. As it is naturally and predominantly found in parts of
1853:
1721:
1647:
1584:
1540:
1461:
813:
809:
781:
634:
586:
582:
1764:
871:
600:
2135:
2058:
2009:
1787:
1738:
1666:
1562:
1408:
1376:
1364:
1141:
Moloney, Cornelius Alfred; Druce, Herbert.; Shelley, G. E. (1887).
630:
571:
471:
363:
186:
143:
1910:
1858:
2101:
1840:
1753:
1501:
1486:
1481:
1008:
567:
494:
415:
388:
831:, under the name "African mango" are marketed for management of
430:
government has prohibited logging of the andok tree until 2034.
402:
is indigenous to the humid forest zone from the northern tip of
1743:
1589:
1545:
1491:
1476:
1466:
1451:
575:
563:
559:
423:
403:
355:
156:
851:, and difficulty sleeping" but that "due to the limited data,
1629:
1511:
1443:
1337:
1332:
555:
551:
380:
104:
865:
526:
of
African bush mango is in its early stages. Around 1990,
358:
1099:
1166:
384:
1284:
448:
1250:"Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O'Rorke) Baill"
1102:"Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O'Rorke) Baill"
839:
to date have not confirmed their efficacy, although a
1145:. London: S. Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington.
1140:
383:-like fruits, and are especially valued for their
2168:
1300:
872:World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1998).
1126:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
944:. World Agroforestry Centre. Archived from
897:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T33055A9754010.en
394:
1307:
1293:
984:. Vol. 2, Vegetables. Washington DC:
234:
66:
42:
1194:
1184:
1034:
895:
959:
633:in a 100 gram portion and the following
599:
1231:United States Department of Agriculture
1162:
1160:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
14:
2169:
367:, sometimes known by the common names
2177:IUCN Red List near threatened species
1769:
1768:
1288:
1227:Forest Products Laboratory Tech Sheet
1056:
1054:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
855:cannot be recommended at this time."
800:Fruit pulp flavor components include
585:has to be cracked open to get to the
433:
1280:West African plants – A Photo Guide.
1157:
1080:
1100:Tchoundjeu Z, Atangana, AR (2007).
883:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
24:
2212:Taxa named by Henri Ernest Baillon
1051:
911:
25:
2223:
1215:
1070:Food and Agriculture Organization
819:
593:can be used as cattle feed or as
2002:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:813766-1
91:
2128:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:69900-1
1134:
1002:
719:Unlike the pulp of some other
696:composition in seeds includes
508:
454:
13:
1:
858:
629:The edible seeds provide 697
2187:Fruits originating in Africa
624:
7:
1072:. 1993–2007. Archived from
517:
451:can range from 4.5 to 7.5.
225:(Aubry-Lecomte ex O'Rorke)
10:
2228:
988:. 2006. pp. 119–135.
481:
2048:
1777:
1707:
1620:
1442:
1322:
1036:10.1007/s10457-016-0022-0
942:AgroForestryTree Database
554:are often eaten fresh by
258:
251:
242:
233:
215:
208:
88:Scientific classification
86:
64:
55:
50:
41:
34:
2197:Edible thickening agents
1732:Queensland macadamia nut
1314:
1254:Protabase record display
986:National Academies Press
489:is insect-pollinated by
395:Distribution and habitat
1256:. Prota. Archived from
1151:10.5962/bhl.title.55733
545:
1529:Johnstone River almond
614:The trees are used in
605:
528:vegetative propagation
243:Natural occurrence of
2192:Edible nuts and seeds
1457:Australian cashew nut
1223:"Irvingia gabonensis"
1062:"Irvingia gabonensis"
938:"Irvingia gabonensis"
603:
538:. Grafting, budding,
2050:Mangifera gabonensis
1015:Agroforestry Systems
982:Lost Crops of Africa
890:: e.T33055A9754010.
275:Irvingia duparquetii
1976:Irvingia gabonensis
1809:Irvingia gabonensis
1779:Irvingia gabonensis
1535:Irvingia gabonensis
1275:Irvingia gabonensis
1186:10.1155/2011/297315
1027:2018AgrSy..92..157I
876:Irvingia gabonensis
853:Irvingia gabonensis
845:Irvingia gabonensis
829:Irvingia gabonensis
725:Irvingia gabonensis
487:Irvingia gabonensis
460:Irvingia gabonensis
400:Irvingia gabonensis
379:. They bear edible
351:Irvingia gabonensis
331:Irvingia tenuifolia
324:Irvingia platycarpa
317:Irvingia pauciflora
303:Irvingia hookeriana
245:Irvingia gabonensis
219:Irvingia gabonensis
58:Conservation status
36:Irvingia gabonensis
1692:Single-leaf pinyon
1173:Journal of Obesity
723:spp., the pulp of
606:
434:Biophysical limits
426:. Since 2009, the
422:and south-western
296:Irvingia griffonii
201:I. gabonensis
2164:
2163:
1958:Open Tree of Life
1771:Taxon identifiers
1762:
1761:
1660:Monkey-puzzle nut
1522:Shellbark hickory
1507:Mockernut hickory
1467:Borneo tallow nut
798:
797:
690:
689:
347:
346:
342:
338:Irvingia velutina
335:
328:
321:
314:
307:
300:
293:
286:
279:
272:
268:Irvingia caerulea
265:
81:
16:(Redirected from
2219:
2202:Nigerian cuisine
2157:
2156:
2144:
2143:
2131:
2130:
2118:
2117:
2105:
2104:
2092:
2091:
2079:
2078:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2041:
2040:
2028:
2027:
2018:
2017:
2005:
2004:
1992:
1991:
1979:
1978:
1966:
1965:
1953:
1952:
1940:
1939:
1927:
1926:
1914:
1913:
1901:
1900:
1888:
1887:
1875:
1874:
1862:
1861:
1849:
1848:
1836:
1835:
1823:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1766:
1765:
1517:Shagbark hickory
1419:Malabar chestnut
1309:
1302:
1295:
1286:
1285:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1233:. Archived from
1209:
1208:
1198:
1188:
1164:
1155:
1154:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1125:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1097:
1078:
1077:
1058:
1049:
1048:
1038:
1006:
1000:
999:
978:
957:
956:
954:
953:
934:
909:
908:
906:
904:
899:
869:
825:Food supplements
730:
729:
692:The approximate
640:
639:
595:thickening agent
478:(above ground).
354:is a species of
340:
333:
326:
319:
312:
305:
298:
291:
284:
277:
270:
263:
261:Irvingia barteri
238:
221:
96:
95:
75:
70:
69:
46:
32:
31:
21:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2207:Trees of Africa
2167:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2152:
2147:
2139:
2134:
2126:
2121:
2113:
2108:
2100:
2095:
2087:
2082:
2074:
2072:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2044:
2036:
2031:
2023:
2021:
2013:
2008:
2000:
1995:
1987:
1982:
1974:
1969:
1961:
1956:
1948:
1943:
1935:
1930:
1922:
1917:
1909:
1904:
1896:
1891:
1883:
1878:
1870:
1865:
1857:
1852:
1844:
1839:
1831:
1826:
1818:
1816:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1773:
1763:
1758:
1703:
1677:Colorado pinyon
1616:
1438:
1318:
1313:
1263:
1261:
1248:
1240:
1238:
1221:
1218:
1213:
1212:
1165:
1158:
1139:
1135:
1119:
1118:
1111:
1109:
1098:
1081:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1007:
1003:
996:
980:
979:
960:
951:
949:
936:
935:
912:
902:
900:
870:
866:
861:
843:concluded that
837:Clinical trials
822:
627:
548:
520:
511:
484:
457:
440:gallery forests
436:
397:
336:
329:
322:
315:
308:
301:
294:
287:
282:Irvingia erecta
280:
273:
266:
229:
223:
217:
204:
90:
82:
73:Near Threatened
71:
67:
60:
28:
27:Species of tree
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2225:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2154:wfo-0000371232
2145:
2132:
2119:
2106:
2093:
2080:
2070:
2054:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2038:wfo-0000732297
2029:
2019:
2006:
1993:
1980:
1967:
1954:
1941:
1928:
1915:
1902:
1889:
1876:
1863:
1850:
1837:
1824:
1814:
1799:
1783:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1719:
1713:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1687:Mexican pinyon
1684:
1679:
1674:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1644:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1626:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1605:English walnut
1602:
1597:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1565:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1551:Planted karuka
1543:
1538:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1448:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1429:Red bopple nut
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1392:European hazel
1389:
1384:
1382:American hazel
1374:
1373:
1372:
1370:Sweet chestnut
1362:
1357:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1348:European beech
1345:
1343:American beech
1335:
1329:
1327:
1325:botanical nuts
1320:
1319:
1312:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1270:
1269:
1246:
1217:
1216:External links
1214:
1211:
1210:
1156:
1133:
1079:
1076:on 2019-10-13.
1050:
1021:(1): 157–168.
1001:
994:
958:
910:
863:
862:
860:
857:
821:
820:Weight control
818:
796:
795:
792:
788:
787:
784:
778:
777:
774:
770:
769:
766:
762:
761:
758:
754:
753:
750:
746:
745:
742:
738:
737:
734:
688:
687:
684:
680:
679:
676:
672:
671:
668:
664:
663:
660:
656:
655:
652:
648:
647:
644:
626:
623:
547:
544:
519:
516:
510:
507:
483:
480:
456:
453:
444:semi-deciduous
435:
432:
396:
393:
345:
344:
310:Irvingia laeta
289:Irvingia fusca
256:
255:
249:
248:
240:
239:
231:
230:
224:
213:
212:
206:
205:
198:
196:
192:
191:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
147:
146:
141:
134:
133:
128:
121:
120:
115:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
84:
83:
65:
62:
61:
56:
53:
52:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2224:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1810:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1727:Macadamia nut
1725:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1672:Chilgoza pine
1670:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1635:Burrawang nut
1633:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1482:Chilean hazel
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1434:Yellow walnut
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1260:on 2015-02-12
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1237:on 2015-02-12
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1163:
1161:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1137:
1129:
1123:
1108:on 2015-09-24
1107:
1103:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1055:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1005:
997:
995:0-309-10333-9
991:
987:
983:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
948:on 2013-10-24
947:
943:
939:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
898:
893:
889:
885:
884:
879:
877:
868:
864:
856:
854:
850:
846:
842:
841:meta-analysis
838:
834:
830:
826:
817:
815:
811:
807:
806:cinnamic acid
803:
793:
790:
789:
785:
783:
780:
779:
775:
772:
771:
767:
764:
763:
759:
756:
755:
751:
748:
747:
743:
740:
739:
735:
732:
731:
728:
726:
722:
717:
715:
711:
710:palmitic acid
707:
703:
699:
698:myristic acid
695:
685:
682:
681:
677:
674:
673:
669:
666:
665:
661:
658:
657:
653:
650:
649:
645:
642:
641:
638:
636:
632:
622:
619:
617:
612:
609:
602:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
543:
541:
537:
533:
530:allowed mass
529:
525:
524:domestication
515:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
452:
450:
445:
441:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
373:African mango
370:
366:
365:
361:in the genus
360:
357:
353:
352:
343:
339:
332:
325:
318:
311:
304:
297:
290:
283:
276:
269:
262:
257:
254:
250:
246:
241:
237:
232:
228:
222:
220:
214:
211:
210:Binomial name
207:
203:
202:
197:
194:
193:
190:
189:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
118:Tracheophytes
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
94:
89:
85:
79:
74:
63:
59:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
2182:Irvingiaceae
2049:
1778:
1739:Paradise nut
1646:
1595:Black walnut
1569:Panda oleosa
1567:
1534:
1533:
1387:Beaked hazel
1274:
1262:. Retrieved
1258:the original
1253:
1239:. Retrieved
1235:the original
1226:
1176:
1172:
1142:
1136:
1110:. Retrieved
1106:the original
1074:the original
1065:
1018:
1014:
1004:
981:
950:. Retrieved
946:the original
941:
901:. Retrieved
887:
881:
875:
867:
852:
844:
828:
823:
799:
741:Carbohydrate
724:
720:
718:
714:stearic acid
691:
686:2.4 mg
678:120 mg
651:Carbohydrate
628:
620:
616:agroforestry
613:
610:
607:
580:
549:
540:air-layering
521:
512:
486:
485:
459:
458:
437:
406:, including
399:
398:
391:-rich nuts.
376:
372:
368:
362:
350:
349:
348:
337:
330:
323:
316:
309:
302:
295:
288:
281:
274:
267:
260:
259:
244:
218:
216:
200:
199:
187:
177:Irvingiaceae
167:Malpighiales
150:
137:
124:
111:
51:Ogbono nuts
35:
29:
1989:kew-2866788
1893:iNaturalist
1803:Wikispecies
1749:Peanut tree
1709:Angiosperms
1682:Korean pine
1622:Gymnosperms
1556:Wild karuka
1402:Asian hazel
903:19 November
833:body weight
802:zingiberene
776:20 mg
768:40 mg
702:lauric acid
532:replication
509:Cultivation
503:Lepidoptera
499:Hymenoptera
455:Description
420:Ivory Coast
131:Angiosperms
2171:Categories
1984:Plant List
1717:Brazil nut
1697:Stone pine
1642:Ginkgo nut
1472:Breadfruit
1264:2010-12-15
1241:2010-12-15
952:2012-12-08
859:References
849:flatulence
794:2 mg
786:7 mg
765:Phosphorus
706:oleic acid
704:(20–59%),
700:(33–70%),
694:fatty acid
604:Dika bread
591:press cake
558:and other
491:Coleoptera
447:drainage.
377:bush mango
369:wild mango
247:in Africa
18:Bush mango
2065:Q50844414
1722:Macadamia
1655:Bunya nut
1648:Araucaria
1600:Butternut
1585:Pistachio
1575:Pekea nut
1497:Gabon nut
1462:Betel nut
1414:Kurrajong
1360:Candlenut
1323:True, or
1045:1572-9680
814:dodecanol
810:dodecanal
782:Vitamin C
712:(2%) and
708:(1–11%),
635:nutrients
625:Nutrition
587:endosperm
583:seed coat
572:elephants
536:selection
476:epigeally
195:Species:
101:Kingdom:
2141:50088668
2136:Tropicos
2115:10896784
2059:Wikidata
2015:29400178
2010:Tropicos
1924:11397080
1911:813766-1
1788:Wikidata
1667:Pine nut
1610:Heartnut
1580:Pili nut
1563:Mongongo
1541:Jack nut
1424:Palm nut
1409:Kola nut
1377:Hazelnut
1365:Chestnut
1355:Breadnut
1205:20847896
1122:cite web
721:Irvingia
631:calories
568:gorillas
562:such as
518:Breeding
472:panicles
428:Gabonese
412:DR Congo
364:Irvingia
253:Synonyms
188:Irvingia
173:Family:
144:Eudicots
78:IUCN 2.3
2102:69900-1
2025:7143392
1872:5380976
1841:Ecocrop
1794:Q868844
1754:Soybean
1502:Hickory
1487:Coconut
1397:Filbert
1196:2931392
1179:: 1–7.
1112:30 June
1066:Ecocrop
1023:Bibcode
773:Calcium
749:Protein
744:15.7 g
675:Calcium
659:Protein
564:monkeys
560:mammals
495:Diptera
482:Ecology
416:Nigeria
389:protein
356:African
334:Hook.f.
264:Hook.f.
183:Genus:
163:Order:
105:Plantae
76: (
2073:APDB:
2022:uBio:
1963:425645
1898:439167
1817:APDB:
1744:Peanut
1590:Walnut
1546:Karuka
1492:Durian
1477:Cashew
1452:Almond
1444:Drupes
1203:
1193:
1043:
992:
760:0.2 g
752:0.9 g
716:(1%).
662:8.5 g
576:Africa
556:humans
552:fruits
468:margin
424:Uganda
404:Angola
387:- and
341:Tiegh.
327:Tiegh.
320:Tiegh.
313:Tiegh.
306:Tiegh.
299:Tiegh.
292:Tiegh.
285:Tiegh.
278:Tiegh.
271:Tiegh.
227:Baill.
157:Rosids
2110:IRMNG
2089:23349
1950:79319
1937:33055
1919:IRMNG
1885:20449
1859:IRVGA
1833:3Q2LL
1820:12122
1651:spp.
1630:Cycad
1512:Pecan
1338:Beech
1333:Acorn
827:from
736:81 g
733:Water
667:Water
654:15 g
646:67 g
408:Congo
381:mango
375:, or
359:trees
151:Clade
138:Clade
125:Clade
112:Clade
2123:POWO
2097:IPNI
2084:GRIN
2076:5654
1997:POWO
1971:PfaF
1945:NCBI
1932:IUCN
1906:IPNI
1880:GRIN
1867:GBIF
1854:EPPO
1846:6958
1316:Nuts
1201:PMID
1177:2011
1128:link
1114:2016
1041:ISSN
990:ISBN
905:2021
888:1998
812:and
791:Iron
683:Iron
670:4 g
581:The
550:The
546:Uses
534:and
522:The
501:and
464:bark
442:and
2149:WFO
2033:WFO
1828:CoL
1278:in
1191:PMC
1181:doi
1147:doi
1031:doi
892:doi
757:Fat
643:Fat
385:fat
2173::
2151::
2138::
2125::
2112::
2099::
2086::
2061::
2035::
2012::
1999::
1986::
1973::
1960::
1947::
1934::
1921::
1908::
1895::
1882::
1869::
1856::
1843::
1830::
1805::
1790::
1252:.
1229:.
1225:.
1199:.
1189:.
1175:.
1171:.
1159:^
1124:}}
1120:{{
1082:^
1068:.
1064:.
1053:^
1039:.
1029:.
1019:92
1017:.
1013:.
961:^
940:.
913:^
886:.
880:.
835:.
808:,
804:,
637::
570:,
566:,
497:,
493:,
449:pH
418:,
414:,
410:,
371:,
153::
140::
127::
114::
1308:e
1301:t
1294:v
1267:.
1244:.
1207:.
1183::
1153:.
1149::
1130:)
1116:.
1047:.
1033::
1025::
998:.
955:.
907:.
894::
878:"
874:"
80:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
