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540:"De l'Indus a l'Oxus: archaeologie de l'Asie Centrale", Pierfrancesco Callieri, p212: "The diffusion, from the second century BCE, of Hellenistic influences in the architecture of Swat is also attested by the archaeological searches at the sanctuary of Butkara I, which saw its stupa "monumentalized" at that exact time by basal elements and decorative alcoves derived from Hellenistic architecture".
439:) statue at Butkara is considered one of the earliest, if not the earliest, known iconographical statues of the Buddha in northwestern India. Van Lohuizen-de Leeuw considers that the statue dates to the late 1st century BCE to the early 1st century, as it was discovered in the GSt 3 stratum that contained a coins of
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The stupa was excavated by an
Italian mission (IsIOAO: Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente), led by archaeologist Domenico Faccenna from 1956, to clarify the various steps of the construction and enlargements. The mission established that the stupa was "monumentalized" by the addition of
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was found under a plinth of the third stratum (GSt 3), which is therefore dated to the end of the 1st century BCE or the beginning of the 1st century CE. The 4th stratum (GSt 4) contained late coins of Azes II and coins of the Kushan
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443:. More conservative estimates date it to the 1st-2nd century CE, roughly at the same time the first known statues of the Buddha were made in the
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The stupa was enlarged on five occasions during the following centuries, every time by building over, and encapsulating, the previous structure.
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Rhi, Ju-Hyung (1994). "From
Bodhisattva to Buddha: The Beginning of Iconic Representation in Buddhist Art".
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Hellenistic architectural decorations during the 2nd century BCE, suggesting a direct involvement of the
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buried at its base, securely dating the sculpture to earlier than 20 BCE.
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Domenico
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Handbuch der
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History of Early Stone
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devotee, Butkara I (construction phase 4), 5th century CE.
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was found in the second oldest stratum (GSt 2). A coin of
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Buddhist relief with warrior. Butkara I, 1st century CE.
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and is therefore dated to the
Ashokan period. A coin of
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representing a
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A large quantity of the artifacts are preserved in the
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Text and photographic reference: Terre
Lontane > O2
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1399:Mauryan art
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1244:Kabul hoard
1179:Tepe Narenj
1174:Tapa Sardar
1159:Fondukistan
1122:Tapa Shotor
1109:Afghanistan
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965:Shingardara
935:Jamal Garhi
883:Archaeology
828:Turk Shahis
823:Alchon Huns
437:Bodhisattva
275:Indo-Greeks
170: /
146:Coordinates
1368:Categories
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1020:Hashtnagar
970:Ali Masjid
960:Aziz Dheri
915:Aziz Dheri
910:Baho Dheri
696:References
509:Alchon Hun
408:Menander I
310:(M.A.O.).
260:Excavation
158:72°21′44″E
155:34°45′26″N
1197:Artifacts
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1005:Charsadda
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940:Yusufzai
679:i24047314
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517:See also
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133:Pakistan
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955:Bhamala
847:Culture
771:History
673:: 127.
618:3250056
459:Gallery
441:Azes II
412:Azes II
386:Azes II
356:) with
354:chlamys
297:Barikot
290:Azes II
247:Mauryan
235:Mingora
207:Periods
196:Founded
191:History
18:Butkara
1043:Sirkap
1035:Taxila
975:Sphola
684:8 July
677:
641:
616:
358:fibula
251:Ashoka
224:Pashto
1319:This
1117:Hadda
893:basin
675:JSTOR
663:(PDF)
614:JSTOR
529:Notes
308:Turin
233:near
231:stupa
1325:stub
985:Swat
686:2018
639:ISBN
380:The
366:Rome
239:Swat
218:The
183:Type
125:Swat
720:in
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284:An
201:BCE
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241:,
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