809:. Lipoinjection contouring and augmentation with the patient's own body fat avoids the possibility of tissue rejection, and is physically less invasive than buttocks-implant surgery. Therefore, depending upon the health of the patient, the convalescence period allows them to resume daily, normal-life activities at 2-days post-operative, and the full spectrum of physical activity at 2-weeks post-operative. Furthermore, the liposuction harvesting of the patient's excess body fat improves the aesthetic appearance of the body fat donor-sites. Nonetheless,
932:(2011) indicated that natural contours of the buttocks and the thighs are effectively achieved with a combined gluteoplasty of selective liposuction and lipoinjection, which reduces the need for aggressive surgical procedures, decreases the risk of medical complications, abbreviates wound-recovery-time, and lessens post-operative scarring. Combined with any buttocks-correction method, superficial liposculpture facilitates the treatment of contour irregularities, the surgical revision of scars, and the correction of gluteal-region contour depressions.
1072:, fluids. The patient is advised to wear a compression garment to contain swelling and to immobilize the corrected tissues, so that they heal as one anatomic unit of the gluteal region. Moreover, throughout the convalescence, to facilitate shrinking the skin to the new, corrected body contour, and to resolve unevenness, wrinkles to the skin, and localized swelling, the continual application of massage and (occasional) ultrasound treatments can facilitate the diminishment of the post-operative conditions.
1146:
Mexico, eight (61.6 percent) occurred during lipoinjection, whereas the remaining five (38.4 percent) occurred within the first 24 hours. In
Colombia, six deaths (77.7 percent) occurred during surgery and three occurred (22.2 percent) immediately after surgery. Secondary lymphoedema of the lower extremities has been reported as an unusual side effect of liquid silicone injection on the hips and buttock while thromboembolism, implant displacement and explosion has also been listed as some of the dangers.
772:. The usual operating-room time for a buttocks augmentation procedure is approximately 2 hours. The procedure can be managed either as an overnight in-patient treatment or as a hospital outpatient treatment. Given the nature of the surgical incisions to the gluteus maximus muscles, the therapeutic management of post-surgical pain (at the surgical-wound sites) and normal tissue-healing usually require a 4â6-week convalescence, after which the patient resumes his or her normal-life activities.
3405:
1046:
sutured and taped, in order to facilitate the uneventful healing of the gluteus-muscle tissues, without medical complications. The patient is advised to avoid exercise and strenuous physical activity until 3-weeks post-operative; how to properly care for surgical-incision wounds; and how to wear a compression garment that will keep in place the surgically corrected tissues, and so ensure their healing as a whole anatomic unit of the gluteal region.
756:, the anatomic regions where the human body usually stores excess body fat. Post-operatively, because of the cutting (incising) into the flesh of the tailbone muscles, the full healing of the augmented tissues can be approximately 6â8 months, in the course of which the gluteal-muscle tissues relax, and the settled buttocks prostheses are integrated to the gluteal region. The implantation procedure can be performed upon a patient who is either
66:
1189:-inducing drugs can present medical complications such as a fluid overload of the tissues, the inadequate replacement of the infiltrated solution, and the partitioning (separation) of a single infiltration into several pools, which then are removed by suction lipectomy. Moreover, during anaesthesia, maintaining the patient's stable blood pressure can be difficult, which increases the possibility of bleeding, and the possibility that
618:(bands of nerve fibres) that travel (in a crow's-foot configuration) between the gluteus maximus muscle and its (front) anterior fascia; the thickest nerve-bands are the superior-most and the inferior-most fillets. The superior-most fillet runs almost vertically, near the sacrum, and innervates the superior portion of the gluteus muscle; the inferior-most fillet, which has the greatest calibre, travels very close and parallel to the
446:
168:
25:
813:, the human body's normal, health-management chemistry does resorb (break down and eliminate) some of the injected adipose-fat tissue, and so might diminish the augmentation. According to the degree of diminishment of the volume and contour caused by the fat-resorption, the patient might require additional sessions of fat-transfer therapy to achieve the desired size, shape, and contour of the buttocks.
1008:. The volume of the anaesthetic-tumescent solution is gradually infiltrated to the pertinent gluteal area, in order to avoid the nerves and the deeper anatomic structures of the gluteus maximus muscle. The particular anatomic features to be contoured determine the types of cannula (gauge, size, grade) used to effect and control the harvesting of excess adipose fat from the patient's body.
849:), and a degree of gluteal-muscle ptosis (prolapsation, falling forward), wherein neither gluteal-implant surgery nor lipoinjection would be adequate to restoring the natural anatomic contour of the gluteal region, the application of a combined treatment of autologous dermal-fat flap surgery and lipoinjection can achieve the required functional correction and aesthetic contour.
252:
1172:
tissue, which might disfigure the contour of the patient's fat-donor area. The possible contour problems that might arise from ultrasonic liposuction are skin burns and hypertrophic scarring, which might occur if the fat-donor area skin is not cooled and protected during the fat harvest. To that end,
680:
In surgical and body contouring praxis, the plastic surgeon effects the implant-pocket undermining of the gluteus maximus muscle by carefully separating the muscle fibres to avoid severing the pertinent blood vessels, which would interfere with the blood irrigation of the muscle tissue. Therefore, to
1080:
Of the three general methods of gluteal augmentation procedures, including implants, flaps and fat graft, a 2019 systemic literature review with meta-analysis of 46 publications revealed fat graft with the least complication rate (7%) while implants associated with highest complication rate (31%).
796:
of the patient. In 1987 Dr. Eduardo Krulig, a
Venezuelan plastic surgeon, described the technique, using the name "lipoinjection" for the first time, mentioning the regions of the body where the technique is useful. The gentle liposuction applied to harvest the autologous fat minimally disturbs the
1145:
Like most medical procedures, buttock augmentation come with risks some of which can be life-threatening. A total of 413 Mexican plastic surgeons reported 64 deaths related to liposuction, with 13 deaths caused by gluteal lipoinjection. In
Colombia, nine deaths were documented. Of the 13 deaths in
982:
Once the patient is atop the operating table, the surgeon positions him or her to best expose the pertinent gluteal-region area that is to be corrected or contoured, or both; the usual operative position is the prone (face down) position, but the patient can also be positioned laterally (on his or
1241:
defects are difficult to correct because of the curvature of the buttocks as an anatomic unit, and because of the scar-contracting elements of the tissues across the gluteal curvature. In such a case, although the injection of (autologous or artificial) tissue fillers to correct the defect or the
1158:
expectations can be different from the contoured body that is the outcome of the performed surgical operation. Such unmet aesthetic expectations can be avoided at the pre-operative consultation stage, whereby, with informed consent, the physician and the patient jointly establish a realistic and
1063:
patient usually requires approximately 6 months, and occasionally 1 year before producing the final, corrected body contour. For both procedures, at approximately 1-month post-operative, marked aesthetic improvement is noticeable in the corrected body areas, as is the elimination of the initial,
1036:
the dissection-incision and secures it with adhesive tape to ensure that the augmentation-pocket remains open, as dissected, ready to receive the injections of adipose fat. For the revision of scars, with surgery and injections of autologous fat, or with allopathic synthetic fillers, the surgeon
918:
Reshaping the buttocks with liposculpture is performed with a small cannula (2 mm) specifically for contouring superficial body fat, the configuration of which (number of open ports) is determined by the type and the degree of gluteal correction to be realized. To sculpt rounded contours to
1045:
After completing the surgical corrections and the lipoinjection contouring of the pertinent area(s) of the gluteal region, the surgeon thoroughly examines the patient to ensure his or her general recovery from the operation; and examines each surgical incision to ascertain that it is correctly
1173:
the infusion of a tumescence-inducing solution to the fat-donor area(s) assists in cooling the patient's skin during the ultrasonic lipo-harvesting; likewise, the application of moist towels, a skin protector, and the constant cooling-fluid infiltration of the cannula in an integrated sheath.
909:
liposuction machine liquefies the excess fat tissue, and so more readily facilitates its removal with conventional suction-lipectomy. The quick fat-harvesting allowed by the ultrasonic lipectomy technique has eliminated the larger (long and wide) surgical incisions that once were required for
1167:
Contour problems of the corrected gluteal region can be prevented with the operational use of small-gauge cannulas (ca. 2.0 mm) specifically for superficial liposuction; and with the application of cross-pattern harvesting of the excess body fat, to avoid removing too much
1058:
of the buttocks with gluteal implants, that, although immediate results can be observed, the final, corrected body contour usually is observed at 6-months post-operative, and at 1-year post-operative, depending upon the tissue-healing capabilities of the patient's body. The
999:
Once the patient is in the operative position, the surgeon begins the liposuction correction by making incisions to the marks of the surgical-correction plan, and then infiltrates (injects) a solution of anaesthesia- and tumescence-inducing drugs, usually a combination of
923:
can be combined with other treatment methods for contouring the gluteal region to achieve the required functional, anatomic correction, and the aesthetic enhancement sought by the patient, such as reshaping the lateral area of the buttocks into an athletic form. The study
1221:) might occur in the contoured portion(s) of the gluteal region, and might perdure for a long time after the surgery. Hence, the patient is advised to facilitate the re-sensitizing of the numb area(s) with applications of gentle massage, to prevent the development of a
910:
removing a large volume of adipose tissue. Nonetheless, because of the sensitivity of the gluteal-region tissues, the skin of the pertinent donor-site is cooled in order to prevent ultrasonic heat damage caused by the liquefying and removal of the excess adipose fat.
714:
can be realized surgically, the assessment of the degree of severity of the injury organizes treatment therapies into three types: (i) buttocks augmentation, (ii) buttocks reduction, and (iii) contour irregularity treatments that combine surgery and liposculpture
1011:
For a lipoinjection augmentation, the surgeon first dissects and prepares the augmentation-pocket to which will be injected the autologous fat-tissue. The surgical creation (muscle dissection) of the augmentation-pocket avoids the gluteal innervation
928:(2011) indicated that effective, gluteal-region contouring is best achieved by tailoring the liposuction-reduction and the lipoinjection-augmentation techniques to the anatomic topography of the body areas to be corrected. Furthermore, the study
954:) of the patient, the plastic surgeon establishes a realistic and feasible surgery plan by which to correct the anatomic contour deficiencies of the gluteal region. The surgeon and the patient determine the location of the surgical-wound
376:(balanced walk) for the person who requires the surgical correction of either a defect or a deformity of the gluteal region; therefore, the restoration of anatomic functionality is the therapeutic consideration that determines which
677:. As the arteries and the veins enter the mass of the gluteal muscle, they divide into narrower blood-vessel ramifications (configured like the horizontal branches of a tree), most of which travel parallel to the muscle fibres.
983:
her side). The surgical correction plan can be delineated and marked to the patient's body when he or she is awake (before sedation or anaesthesia) or it can be delineated when the patient is on the operating table (already
833:(fat-suction, fat-injection). Therapeutically, such a combined correction-and-enhancement procedure is a realistic and feasible lower-body-lift treatment for the man and for the woman patient who has undergone massive
1205:, vomiting, shivering, and seizures; likewise, as manifestations of drowsiness, unconsciousness, respiratory depression, and respiratory arrest. Furthermore, the toxicity symptoms of a tumescence-inducing drug (e.g.
416:), and any deformation of the anatomic contour of the buttocks. Likewise, the corrective techniques apply to resolving the sagging skin of the body, and the muscle and bone deformities presented by the formerly
2921:
991:). In operative praxis, the second option allows the plastic surgeon greater freedom to properly manipulate the patient into the position best suited for performing the body-contouring surgery.
3080:
1254:, which is an injectable solution made of Poly-L-lactic acid particles. By stimulating the body's own collagen production, the injected area begins to expand over the course of 1 â 2 months.
3276:
488:, where the buttocks anatomy joins the rear, upper portion of the thighs. The gluteus maximus muscle has two points of insertion: (i) the one-third superior portion of the (coarse line)
3133:
1262:
In common parlance, lipoinjection into the buttocks for aesthetic purposes is often called a "Brazilian butt lift" (BBL). This name is suggested to originate from the
Brazilian surgeon
322:, and acquired defects/deformities of the buttocks and the anatomy of the gluteal region; and for the aesthetic enhancement (by augmentation or by reduction) of the contour of the
681:
create an implant-pocket, either for a gluteal prosthesis or for lipoinjection, a low-angle muscle-dissection is performed in order to avoid the risk of severing any major branchâ
3109:
821:
The augmentation of the buttocks, by rearranging and enhancing the pertinent muscle and fat tissues of the gluteal region, is realized with a combined gluteoplasty procedure of
610:. The first ramificationâthe gluteus branchâis a branch nerve that is very close to the emergence of the inferior gluteal nerve to the area, next to the inferior border of the
3030:
3305:
3143:
1242:
deformity might be impermanentâit usually will remedy the functional and aesthetic shortcoming(s) required by the patient, which is the therapeutic purpose of gluteoplasty.
1159:
feasible surgery plan to achieve a mutually satisfactory corrective outcome (functional and aesthetic) of the operation to the gluteal region, the buttock- and thigh-areas.
570:
of the thigh); the tissues of the gluteus maximus muscle cover only the rear, lateral face of the trochanter, and there form a bursa (purse) that faces the interior of the
801:
between the skin and the immediate subcutaneous muscle tissues. Then, the harvested fat is injected to the pertinent body area of the gluteal region, through a fine-gauge
1225:
complication, and to alleviate pain. Nonetheless, depending upon the tissue-healing capabilities of the patient, he or she can recover in full at 2-years post-operative.
744:). Augmentation with a gluteal implant is the method most effective for enlarging the buttocks of the man or of the woman whose body possesses few stores of excess
881:, wherein the body fat is harvested by aspiration (suction) through a small-gauge cannula (2â4 mm) that is inserted through a small incision, either to the
629:âeither for the gluteal prosthesis or for the injections of autologous fatâby undermining the gluteus maximus muscle with a dissection technique that avoids the
958:, and determine the best operative position, to allow the proper exposure of the pertinent anatomy to be corrected. Because the surgical procedure requires the
3222:
641:; which, if accidentally cut, might isolate the posterior (back) portion of the muscle and lead to denervation, the loss of nerve function and of innervation.
3207:
1129:
include the bodily resorption of some of the injected adipose fat, asymmetric contour of the corrected body area, an irregular contour to the body, seroma,
919:
square-shaped buttocks muscles, superficial liposculpture allows the plastic surgeon to control the injection-rate of the fat-volume. Moreover, superficial
3212:
3172:
673:
blood. The vascularization, the entrance of the blood vessels to the muscle tissues, occurs at the anterior (front) face of the muscle, very close to the
3450:
3099:
2720:
1266:, who pioneered the surgery in the 1960s. The popularity of the surgery significantly increased during the 2010s as a result of social media trends.
554:
Like every pelvic-area muscle, the gluteus maximus muscle originates from the pelvis; nonetheless, it is the sole pelvic muscle not inserted to the
1233:
The outcome of a buttocks-contouring procedure depends upon the specific defect or deformity that can be effectively corrected with liposculpture,
3261:
3000:
622:; the inferior-most fillet provides fine-gauge branch-nerve ramifications that innervate the gluteus muscle through its anterior (front) face.
3295:
2178:
2678:
2620:
2472:
873:, to reshape, refine, and re-establish the natural contour of the body. The usual buttocks-reduction treatment is lipectomy with applied
2985:
357:
3114:
2990:
2465:
2460:
1209:) might cause such CNS symptoms, for which reason the operative application of a tumescent drug is limited throughout the operation.
1081:
The surgical and liposculpture contouring of the human body presents possible medical complications such as: the psychologicalâunmet
3244:
3167:
2995:
2867:
2688:
2563:
2525:
1097:, localized areas of perduring numbness in the corrected portion(s) of the gluteal region. The medical complications possible to a
130:
3148:
3085:
2023:
3256:
102:
2926:
2970:
2793:
2710:
2568:
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1359:
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expectations of aesthetic improvement; the physicalâuneven contour, local and general; the physiologicâtoxic reactions to the
2975:
1923:"Differences in Complication Rates of Gluteoplasty Procedures That Utilize Autologous Fat Grafting, Implants, or Local Flaps"
83:
38:
2110:
109:
3440:
2882:
2039:"Secondary Lymphoedema of the Lower Leg as an Unusual Side-Effect of a Liquid Silicone Injection in the Hips and Buttocks"
3281:
3025:
2655:
2610:
1615:
Rosique, Rodrigo G.; Rosique, Marina J. F.; De Moraes, Carlos
Gustavo (2015). "Gluteoplasty with Autologous Fat Tissue".
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2715:
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2510:
1369:
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fluids to be administered to the patient during the procedure, and so avoid the risks of drugs overdose and toxicity.
116:
3229:
3199:
3047:
2085:"Clinical Trial of Poly-L-lactic Acid (Sculptra Aesthetic) for the Treatment of Cellulite of the Buttocks and Thighs"
1474:
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1086:
229:
211:
149:
52:
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While surgical buttock enhancements are popular, there are minimally invasive alternatives. One such alternative is
193:
2933:
2752:
2737:
2433:
2171:
2136:
1800:
Cuenca-Guerra, Ramon; Lugo-Beltran, Ignacio (2006). "Beautiful
Buttocks: Characteristics and Surgical Techniques".
1835:
Avendano-Valenzuela, G.; Guerrerosantos, J. (2011). "Contouring the
Gluteal Region With Tumescent Liposculpture".
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98:
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of the thigh). The left and the right gluteus maximus muscles (the butt cheeks) are vertically divided by the
3387:
3372:
3194:
3157:
2980:
2938:
2765:
2443:
2190:
1765:
Centeno, Robert F.; Young, V. Leroy (2006). "Clinical
Anatomy in Aesthetic Gluteal Body Contouring Surgery".
3035:
3435:
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3123:
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2747:
2421:
1201:, apprehension, restlessness, nervousness, disorientation, confusion, dizziness, blurred vision, tremors,
3249:
3162:
3020:
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2520:
2164:
1740:
740:; the insertion of the buttock prosthesis is through a midline incision (5â8-cm-wide) over the tailbone (
3362:
3189:
2953:
2787:
2727:
2668:
2585:
2495:
2438:
2319:
1976:
CĂĄrdenas-Camarena, LĂĄzaro; Bayter, Jorge
Enrique; Aguirre-Serrano, Herley; Cuenca-Pardo, JesĂșs (2015).
380:
procedure will effectively correct the damaged muscles of the buttocks. The applicable techniques for
3430:
3182:
2693:
638:
548:
44:
1117:, asymmetry of the corrected area, shifting of the implant, surgical over-correction, injury to the
2578:
2455:
123:
2732:
2406:
2216:
1234:
906:
866:
686:
682:
654:
650:
591:
189:
76:
2084:
2595:
1545:
Flores-Lima, Gerardo; Eppley, Barry L. (2009). "Body
Contouring with Solid Silicone Implants".
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886:
737:
694:
662:
658:
634:
619:
583:
516:
461:
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405:
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can occur if excessive doses are administered by infiltration; the symptoms are manifested as
259:
the relative anatomic locations of the buttocks muscles, considered for buttocks augmentation.
185:
3347:
3177:
2742:
2545:
2477:
465:
452:
The surgical anatomy of the gluteus maximus muscle, as considered for a buttock-lift surgery.
409:
353:
injections) to resolve the patient's particular defect or deformity of the gluteal region.
3445:
3397:
2615:
2573:
2538:
2515:
2223:
1238:
1114:
429:
1341:
8:
3327:
2913:
2872:
2705:
765:
388:; the excision (cutting and removal) of damaged tissues; lipoinjection augmentation; and
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3367:
3062:
3012:
2487:
2239:
2066:
2005:
1958:
1903:
1860:
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1700:
1640:
1570:
1522:
1489:
1451:
1434:
1415:
882:
611:
505:
425:
397:
543:(tailbone). At its origin, the gluteus maximus muscle extends to include parts of the
2841:
2835:
2759:
2625:
2379:
2244:
2210:
2058:
1997:
1950:
1942:
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1509:
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1407:
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842:
798:
769:
421:
319:
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265:
2070:
2009:
1962:
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1419:
2700:
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2050:
1989:
1934:
1921:
Asserson, Derek B.; Kulinich, Andrea G.; Orbay, Hakan; Sahar, David E. (May 2019).
1887:
1864:
1844:
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1501:
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1399:
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555:
536:
524:
497:
2024:"Six Dangerous Side Effects of Buttocks Augmentation and Implants - Public Health"
1977:
1975:
1907:
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329:
The corrective procedures for buttock augmentation and buttock repair include the
2889:
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2847:
2428:
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1993:
1938:
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1628:
1033:
381:
307:
2038:
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2813:
2808:
1601:
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applies subcuticular closures to the incision wounds, which then are bandaged.
1025:
845:. In the case of the man or woman who presents under-projected, flat buttocks (
826:
666:
485:
481:
469:
385:
1813:
1778:
1676:
1659:
1558:
1403:
1064:
post-operative weight gain caused by the body's retention of the infiltrated,
805:
inserted through a small surgical incision, which produces a short and narrow
3424:
2894:
2877:
2862:
2823:
2605:
2533:
2234:
1946:
1848:
1513:
1488:
Yang, Guang; Mahadik, Bhushan; Choi, Ji Young; Fisher, John P. (2020-01-01).
1118:
902:
598:. The inferior gluteal nerve divides into three collateral branches: (i) the
595:
587:
528:
2278:
1922:
2829:
2590:
2500:
2385:
2268:
2062:
2001:
1954:
1899:
1856:
1821:
1786:
1726:
1685:
1636:
1566:
1531:
1460:
1411:
1263:
1021:
905:, a deposit of adipose fat to the buttocks and related anatomic areas. The
857:
The methods for reducing the size of the buttocks include the varieties of
781:
670:
544:
489:
477:
401:
393:
392:
reductionâto resolve the defect or deformity caused by a traumatic injury (
2353:
614:. As it arises, the inferior gluteal nerve then divides into four or more
251:
2683:
2555:
2393:
2374:
2348:
2304:
2285:
2187:
1218:
1206:
1182:
1169:
1122:
1094:
1065:
1005:
988:
963:
920:
898:
897:
Ultrasonically assisted liposuction can quickly remove a large volume of
878:
858:
834:
785:
761:
745:
716:
567:
563:
501:
473:
445:
389:
342:
311:
625:
In surgical and body contouring praxis, the plastic surgeon creates the
590:) and extends from the pelvis to the gluteal region, then traverses the
582:
The motor innervation of the gluteus maximus muscle is performed by the
277:
2818:
2324:
2309:
1186:
1155:
1134:
1090:
1082:
1069:
959:
951:
930:
Contouring of the Gluteal Region in Women: Enhancement and Augmentation
874:
846:
810:
509:
2054:
1490:"Vascularization in tissue engineering: fundamentals and state-of-art"
3404:
3237:
2803:
2343:
2298:
2263:
2229:
2156:
1346:
1102:
1101:
procedure, the submuscular emplacement of a gluteal implant, include
1001:
971:
384:
and correction include the surgical emplacement of gluteal implants;
2650:
1390:
Gonzalez, Raul (2004). "Augmentation Gluteoplasty: The XYZ Method".
1109:
that exposes the implant, revision surgery, rupture of the implant,
950:
To meet the functional requirements and the aesthetic expectations (
196:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
65:
3342:
2359:
2336:
1251:
984:
757:
749:
532:
457:
350:
323:
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of the gluteal-region area to be corrected, the physician and the
2366:
2292:
2257:
1834:
1222:
1198:
1176:
1154:
In the surgical praxis of body contouring therapy, the patient's
1130:
838:
802:
789:
523:, which is the large, triangular bone located at the base of the
417:
330:
1878:
Ali, Ahmed (2011). "Contouring of the Gluteal Region in Women".
1137:(subcutaneous connective-tissue inflammation), and paresthesia.
3332:
2330:
1202:
1110:
741:
690:
674:
630:
540:
520:
1364:. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 395.
519:
is a large and very thick muscle (6â7 cm) located on the
2273:
1660:"Autologous augmentation gluteoplasty with a dermal fat flap"
793:
753:
571:
559:
547:, the sacrum, the coccyx, the sacrosciatic ligament, and the
493:
940:
3352:
2314:
1701:"Autologous Gluteal Augmentation after Massive Weight Loss"
955:
806:
710:
While the resolution of the defects and deformities of the
373:
1920:
1741:"Butt Augmentation Surgery NYC | Butt Lift Westchester NY"
926:
Contouring the Gluteal Region with Tumescent Liposculpture
3357:
1799:
1125:(tingling skin). The medical complications possible to a
594:(opening) from behind and to the middle to then join the
558:(head of the femur), and is approximately aligned to the
535:. The upper part of the sacrum is connected to the final
689:âof the gluteal artery, which travels very close to the
1614:
2579:
Gender-critical or trans-exclusionary radical feminism
1054:
The physician advises the patient who has undergone a
531:, where it is inserted (like a wedge) between the two
356:
Gluteoplasty has also been applied in the practice of
1494:
Progress in Biomedical Engineering (Bristol, England)
1487:
1435:"Motor Points in Relation to the Surface of the Body"
780:
The augmentation and contouring of the buttocks with
1657:
784:(lipoinjection) therapy is realized with the excess
732:
The augmentation of the buttocks is realized with a
484:), and the lower aspects of the buttocks end at the
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
722:
435:
90:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1284:"Gluteoplasty Implants and Lipotransfer Technique"
1699:Le Louarn, Claude; Pascal, Jean François (2008).
1544:
3422:
2283:
1588:Krulig, Eduardo (April 1987). "Lipo-injection".
852:
1698:
1297:
472:. The upper aspects of the buttocks end at the
1385:
1383:
1381:
1237:or not. Nonetheless, depressed scars and deep
1177:Drug complications (anaesthetic and tumescent)
1049:
901:for the correction of a notable occurrence of
885:(the butt-crack), or to the upper area of the
2172:
970:determine the volumes of the anaesthetic and
1764:
913:
869:enhancement) to reduce excess body fat, and
1378:
1217:Post-operatively, local areas of numbness (
500:(a long, fibrous reinforcement of the deep
420:patient, after a massive weight loss (MWL)
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2179:
2165:
1658:Sozer, S; Agullo, F; Palladino, H (2008).
1245:
977:
250:
3451:Gender-affirming surgery (male-to-female)
1716:
1675:
1521:
1450:
1212:
1040:
941:Surgical contouring of the gluteal region
665:irrigate the gluteus maximus muscle with
527:, and at the upper- and back-part of the
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
212:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
2137:"The $ 5,000 quest for the perfect butt"
2134:
1978:"Deaths Caused by Gluteal Lipoinjection"
1389:
945:
496:), and (ii) the superior portion of the
444:
892:
748:in the lower portion of the trunk, the
480:, and the upper lateral margins of the
3423:
2506:Legal recognition of non-binary gender
2186:
1587:
700:
460:principally comprises two musclesâthe
2160:
2036:
1357:
1149:
935:
476:(the upper edges of the wings of the
1711:(4): 1515â16, author reply 1516â17.
1590:American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery
1432:
994:
508:(the butt-crack) which contains the
161:
88:adding citations to reliable sources
59:
18:
1877:
1361:Introduction to exercise physiology
1162:
1133:(pus enclosed by inflamed tissue),
1127:liposculpture buttocks augmentation
727:
705:
13:
1982:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
1718:10.1097/01.prs.0000305369.21408.92
1705:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
1617:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
1197:(CNS) occurrences of drug-induced
1181:The infiltration of a solution of
1113:(a pocket of clear serous fluid),
816:
644:
14:
3462:
837:(MWL) in the course of resolving
468:âwhich are covered by a layer of
314:procedures for the correction of
34:This article has multiple issues.
3403:
2135:Jennings, Rebecca (2021-08-02).
1075:
775:
723:Buttocks augmentation treatments
436:Surgical anatomy of the buttocks
166:
64:
23:
2128:
2103:
2077:
2030:
2016:
1969:
1914:
1871:
1828:
1793:
1758:
1733:
1692:
1651:
1608:
736:, which is emplaced under each
539:(L5), and to the bottom of the
456:Anatomically, the mass of each
441:Muscular origins and insertions
75:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
16:Cosmetic and corrective surgery
2804:Cisgender / cissexual
2799:Childhood gender nonconformity
1581:
1538:
1481:
1467:
1426:
1358:Boone, William Thomas (2014).
1351:
1276:
1099:surgical buttocks augmentation
797:local tissues, especially the
577:
368:The functional purpose of the
1:
3373:Social construction of gender
1269:
1257:
853:Buttocks reduction treatments
424:procedure; and for resolving
363:
349:(surgery, liposculpture, and
2853:Gender-sexuality questioning
1994:10.1097/PRS.0000000000001364
1939:10.1097/SAP.0000000000001765
1892:10.1097/SAP.0b013e318206595b
1629:10.1097/PRS.0000000000001167
7:
3441:Plastic surgical procedures
1475:"Butt Augmentation Surgery"
1050:Follow-up and convalescence
1020:) and the vascular system (
404:) to the buttocks muscles (
358:sexual reassignment surgery
192:the claims made and adding
10:
3467:
2788:Androphilia and gynephilia
2496:Gender self-identification
1802:Clinics in Plastic Surgery
1767:Clinics in Plastic Surgery
1602:10.1177/074880688700400206
1228:
1140:
1032:. Afterwards, the surgeon
3383:
3318:
3294:
3061:
3011:
2912:
2905:
2775:
2636:
2564:Against non-binary people
2554:
2486:
2404:
2245:Non-binary or genderqueer
2197:
1933:(5S Suppl 4): S342âS344.
1927:Annals of Plastic Surgery
1880:Annals of Plastic Surgery
1837:Aesthetic Surgery Journal
1814:10.1016/j.cps.2006.04.002
1779:10.1016/j.cps.2006.05.005
1677:10.1016/j.asj.2007.10.003
1664:Aesthetic Surgery Journal
1559:10.1007/s00266-008-9292-x
1547:Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
1404:10.1007/s00266-004-3130-6
1392:Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
1107:surgical-wound dehiscence
914:Superficial liposculpture
871:superficial liposculpture
639:tuberosity of the ischium
549:tuberosity of the ischium
486:horizontal gluteal crease
372:is to establish a stable
274:
264:
249:
244:
2089:Clinical Trials Database
1849:10.1177/1090820X10394815
1506:10.1088/2516-1091/ab5637
2689:Non-binary People's Day
2569:Against transgender men
2284:
2217:Bissu, Calabai, Calalai
2111:"Surgical fat transfer"
1246:Non-surgical procedures
1093:drugs; and the nervousâ
978:Intra-operative matters
799:connective-tissue layer
782:autologous fat transfer
655:inferior gluteal artery
651:superior gluteal artery
592:greater sciatic foramen
586:(a branch nerve of the
432:of the gluteal region.
386:autologous tissue-flaps
3410:Transgender portal
3363:Sexâgender distinction
2830:Gender detransitioning
2646:Anatomical terminology
2037:Gaber, Yvonne (2004).
1213:Numbness (paresthesia)
1195:central nervous system
1041:Post-operative matters
1030:gluteus maximus muscle
1018:inferior gluteal nerve
1014:superior gluteal nerve
887:gluteus maximus muscle
738:gluteus maximus muscle
695:sacrotuberous ligament
663:inferior gluteal veins
659:superior gluteal veins
635:sacrotuberous ligament
620:sacrotuberous ligament
584:inferior gluteal nerve
517:gluteus maximus muscle
462:gluteus maximus muscle
453:
430:congenital deformities
337:(buttock prosthesis);
99:"Buttock augmentation"
3348:Queer heterosexuality
2868:Rapid-onset dysphoria
2546:Yogyakarta Principles
946:Pre-operative matters
466:gluteus medius muscle
448:
2842:Gender transitioning
2794:Blanchard's typology
2716:fictional characters
2574:Anti-gender movement
2526:Rights organizations
1433:Reid, R. W. (1920).
1191:anaesthetic toxicity
1115:capsular contracture
893:Ultrasonic lipectomy
719:and fat-injection).
370:buttocks musculature
245:Buttock augmentation
84:improve this article
3436:Implants (medicine)
3328:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
2661:LGBTQ-related films
2638:Society and culture
1477:. 14 February 2019.
1342:Buttocks Contouring
1056:surgical contouring
883:intergluteal sulcus
788:harvested from the
766:general anaesthesia
701:Surgical procedures
492:of the thigh bone (
3368:Sexual orientation
2674:Day of Remembrance
1439:Journal of Anatomy
1150:Unmet expectations
936:Surgical technique
865:(with and without
847:gluteal hypoplasia
786:adipose-fat tissue
612:pyramidalis muscle
506:intergluteal cleft
454:
426:congenital defects
341:(fat transfer and
177:possibly contains
3418:
3417:
3314:
3313:
2836:Gender expression
2679:Day of Visibility
2200:Gender identities
2055:10.1159/000077845
1291:acmcasereport.org
995:Operative matters
968:anaesthesiologist
843:bariatric surgery
770:local anaesthesia
422:bariatric surgery
333:emplacement of a
285:
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179:original research
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3431:Cosmetic surgery
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2711:Media portrayals
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2417:Gender dysphoria
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1445:(Pt 4): 271â15.
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1163:Contour problems
827:dermal-fat flaps
728:Gluteal implants
706:Surgical therapy
606:, and (iii) the
525:vertebral column
498:iliotibial tract
470:adipose body fat
278:edit on Wikidata
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2858:Gender variance
2848:Gender identity
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2521:Rights movement
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2434:Hormone therapy
2429:Puberty blocker
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2250:Gender fluidity
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2091:. April 5, 2021
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2026:. 29 July 2017.
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1747:. 14 March 2013
1745:www.drberan.com
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817:Body contouring
811:physiologically
778:
764:, either under
734:gluteal implant
730:
725:
708:
703:
647:
645:Vascularization
604:perineal branch
580:
537:lumbar vertebra
438:
414:gluteus minimus
406:gluteus maximus
366:
347:body contouring
335:gluteal implant
308:plastic surgery
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3134:2016 bill C-16
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2814:Cross-dressing
2811:
2809:Cisnormativity
2806:
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2669:Awareness Week
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2586:Asylum seekers
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2556:Discrimination
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2049:(4): 342â344.
2029:
2015:
1968:
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1691:
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1623:(5): 1381â39.
1607:
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1371:978-1449698188
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854:
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825:(subcutaneous
818:
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792:, flanks, and
777:
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729:
726:
724:
721:
712:gluteal region
707:
704:
702:
699:
646:
643:
627:implant-pocket
608:femoral branch
600:gluteus branch
579:
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482:greater pelvis
443:
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410:gluteus medius
365:
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306:) denotes the
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2893:
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2878:Transfeminism
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2824:Gender binary
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2241:
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2233:
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2019:
2011:
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1983:
1979:
1972:
1964:
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1940:
1936:
1932:
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1924:
1917:
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1893:
1889:
1886:(3): 209â14.
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1823:
1819:
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1808:(3): 321â32.
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1398:(6): 417â25.
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1239:morphological
1236:
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1200:
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1192:
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1184:
1174:
1171:
1160:
1157:
1147:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:sciatic nerve
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
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1076:Complications
1073:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1061:liposculpture
1057:
1047:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1007:
1003:
992:
990:
989:anaesthetized
986:
975:
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969:
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957:
953:
933:
931:
927:
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911:
908:
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903:lipodystrophy
900:
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884:
880:
876:
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831:liposculpture
828:
824:
814:
812:
808:
804:
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776:Lipoinjection
773:
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762:anaesthetized
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720:
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617:
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609:
605:
601:
597:
596:sciatic nerve
593:
589:
588:sacral plexus
585:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
529:pelvic cavity
526:
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511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
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463:
459:
451:
450:Gluteoplasty:
447:
440:
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339:liposculpture
336:
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317:
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258:
257:Gluteoplasty:
253:
248:
243:
234:
231:
216:
213:
205:
195:
191:
187:
181:
180:
175:This article
173:
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154:
151:
143:
132:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101: â
100:
96:
95:Find sources:
89:
85:
79:
78:
73:This article
71:
67:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
3043:Nazi Germany
2764:
2738:Publications
2656:Christianity
2591:Cisgenderism
2511:Legal status
2501:Legal gender
2473:Legal status
2409:and medicine
2384:
2365:
2358:
2329:
2297:
2269:Third gender
2256:
2222:
2215:
2144:. Retrieved
2140:
2130:
2119:. Retrieved
2117:. 2023-01-26
2114:
2105:
2093:. Retrieved
2088:
2079:
2046:
2042:
2032:
2018:
1988:(1): 58â66.
1985:
1981:
1971:
1930:
1926:
1916:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1805:
1801:
1795:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1749:. Retrieved
1744:
1735:
1708:
1704:
1694:
1670:(1): 70â76.
1667:
1663:
1653:
1620:
1616:
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1593:
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1583:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1497:
1493:
1483:
1469:
1442:
1438:
1428:
1395:
1391:
1360:
1353:
1340:
1290:
1278:
1264:Ivo Pitanguy
1261:
1249:
1232:
1216:
1180:
1166:
1153:
1144:
1126:
1098:
1079:
1060:
1055:
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981:
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862:
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830:
822:
820:
779:
733:
731:
711:
709:
679:
648:
626:
624:
615:
607:
603:
599:
581:
553:
514:
490:linea aspera
455:
449:
378:gluteoplasty
377:
369:
367:
355:
346:
338:
334:
328:
303:
299:
295:
291:
288:Gluteoplasty
287:
286:
256:
226:
208:
199:
176:
146:
137:
127:
120:
113:
106:
94:
82:Please help
77:verification
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
3446:Prosthetics
3280: [
3230:South Korea
3200:New Zealand
3147: [
3113: [
3084: [
3048:South Korea
3034: [
2952: [
2925: [
2733:Pornography
2626:trans panic
2422:in children
2407:Health care
2394:Transsexual
2375:Transgender
2349:Trans woman
2305:Mudoko dako
2286:Femminiello
2188:Transgender
2043:Dermatology
1219:paresthesia
1207:epinephrine
1183:anaesthesia
1170:adipose fat
1123:paresthesia
1095:paresthesia
1087:anaesthesic
1066:anaesthetic
1006:epinephrine
964:anaesthesia
921:liposuction
879:anaesthesia
859:liposuction
835:weight loss
746:adipose fat
717:liposuction
693:and to the
602:, (ii) the
578:Innervation
568:deep fascia
564:fascia lata
502:fascia lata
474:iliac crest
398:penetrating
390:liposuction
343:liposuction
312:liposuction
3425:Categories
3183:Tamil Nadu
2906:By country
2819:Deadnaming
2776:Theory and
2753:ice hockey
2596:Inequality
2439:feminizing
2325:Two-spirit
2310:Mukhannath
2279:Faʻafafine
2146:2024-05-31
2121:2024-05-31
1751:2018-09-06
1270:References
1258:Popularity
1235:ultrasonic
1187:tumescence
1156:body-image
1135:cellulitis
1083:body image
960:tumescence
952:body image
907:ultrasonic
875:tumescence
867:ultrasonic
861:, such as
661:, and the
637:, and the
556:trochanter
545:iliac bone
364:Background
316:congenital
186:improve it
140:March 2018
110:newspapers
39:improve it
3296:Political
3208:2017 bill
3204:Pakistan
3168:2014 Bill
3095:Australia
3071:Argentina
3053:Singapore
2986:Singapore
2934:Australia
2922:Argentina
2743:Sexuality
2478:Pregnancy
2461:to female
2386:Akava'ine
2354:Fakaleitī
2344:Trans man
2264:Koekchuch
2230:Cisgender
2224:Burrnesha
2211:Androgyne
1947:1536-3708
1514:2516-1091
1347:eMedicine
1103:infection
1091:tumescent
1070:tumescent
1028:) of the
1002:lidocaine
972:tumescent
863:lipectomy
768:or under
533:hip bones
320:traumatic
266:Specialty
190:verifying
45:talk page
3398:Category
3393:Timeline
3343:Intersex
3319:See also
3277:2018 law
3273:Uruguay
3267:title IX
3250:2004 act
3238:2022 law
3223:2003 Act
3213:2018 Act
3173:2019 Act
3144:2018 law
3110:2016 law
3106:Bolivia
3100:re Kevin
3081:2021 law
3076:2012 law
2944:Cambodia
2778:concepts
2621:killings
2616:genocide
2611:Violence
2530:Toilets
2516:Marriage
2360:Mak nyah
2337:X-gender
2320:Travesti
2095:June 25,
2071:46474822
2063:15178919
2010:25874728
2002:26111314
1963:58566838
1955:30570567
1900:21587056
1857:21317118
1822:16818091
1787:16818093
1727:18349690
1686:19083509
1645:27364316
1637:25919253
1567:19123020
1532:34308105
1461:17103903
1420:12123798
1412:15633021
1252:Sculptra
1089:and the
1026:arterial
899:body fat
889:proper.
750:buttocks
687:inferior
683:superior
667:arterial
562:and the
464:and the
382:surgical
351:Sculptra
331:surgical
324:buttocks
310:and the
304:to shape
300:plassein
290:(Greek
202:May 2017
3388:Outline
3195:Ireland
3158:Germany
2966:Finland
2914:History
2873:Studies
2706:History
2665:Events
2466:to male
2456:Surgery
2367:Rae-rae
2293:Khanith
2258:Kathoey
1865:7238983
1523:8302186
1452:1262878
1229:Outcome
1223:neuroma
1199:anxiety
1141:Dangers
1131:abscess
1034:sutures
985:sedated
839:obesity
823:surgery
803:cannula
790:abdomen
758:sedated
616:fillets
458:buttock
345:); and
292:gloutÏs
184:Please
124:scholar
3333:Gender
3234:Spain
3178:Kerala
3140:Chile
3129:Canada
3124:Brazil
3063:Rights
3031:France
3013:People
2981:Russia
2939:Brazil
2748:Sports
2728:People
2651:BlÄhaj
2601:Prison
2539:unisex
2488:Rights
2331:Winkte
2191:topics
2115:nhs.uk
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2061:
2008:
2000:
1961:
1953:
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1185:- and
1121:, and
1111:seroma
1022:venous
829:) and
794:thighs
754:thighs
742:coccyx
691:sacrum
675:sacrum
671:venous
657:, the
653:, the
633:, the
631:sacrum
541:coccyx
521:sacrum
126:
119:
112:
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3163:India
3151:]
3117:]
3088:]
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3021:China
3001:legal
2971:India
2961:China
2956:]
2949:Chile
2929:]
2883:views
2760:Youth
2701:Flags
2694:LGBTQ
2684:March
2380:Youth
2274:Bakla
2240:Hijra
2067:S2CID
2006:S2CID
1959:S2CID
1904:S2CID
1861:S2CID
1641:S2CID
1571:S2CID
1416:S2CID
1287:(PDF)
956:scars
841:with
572:thigh
566:(the
560:femur
494:femur
478:ilium
418:obese
402:blast
394:blunt
276:[
131:JSTOR
117:books
3353:LGBT
3190:Iran
2976:Iran
2766:more
2721:film
2315:Muxe
2299:MÄhĆ«
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2059:PMID
1998:PMID
1951:PMID
1943:ISSN
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1853:PMID
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1783:PMID
1723:PMID
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1633:PMID
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1528:PMID
1510:ISSN
1457:PMID
1408:PMID
1366:ISBN
1068:and
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1016:and
1004:and
962:and
877:and
807:scar
752:and
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649:The
515:The
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296:rump
103:news
3358:Sex
2449:DIY
2141:Vox
2051:doi
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1990:doi
1986:136
1935:doi
1888:doi
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