390:
350:
397:
357:
429:
317:
36:
383:
415:
343:
422:
303:
310:
685:
Moreover, the high flammability of butenes poses fire and explosion risks, requiring careful storage and handling procedures. The potential environmental impact of butene production and use, particularly in the context of fossil fuel dependence and plastic pollution, is an ongoing area of concern and
700:
industry. From its production through catalytic cracking to its diverse applications in polymer production and fuel additives, butene exemplifies the complex interplay of chemistry, engineering, and industrial processes that characterize modern petrochemical operations. As the industry continues to
3621:
662:
In some cases, raffinates are used as industrial fuel. However, their incorporation into liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for non-industrial uses is generally prohibited due to safety concerns and regulatory restrictions.
673:
While butenes are valuable industrial chemicals, their production and use come with environmental and safety challenges. The raffinates containing butadiene, a common byproduct in butene production, are known
437:
In the chemical structures above, the small blue numbers in the structure images are the numbering of the atoms in the main backbone chain of the molecules. Other organic compounds have the formula C
701:
evolve, driven by environmental concerns and the search for more sustainable practices, the role of butene and similar compounds will likely continue to be a subject of innovation and adaptation.
3521:
659:, are considered hazardous due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Despite these risks, raffinates serve as valuable feedstocks for further processing in the petrochemical industry.
2471:
2553:
598:. This industrial method involves breaking down longer hydrocarbon chains, which are less valuable byproducts of crude oil refining, into shorter, more useful molecules like butene.
2583:
1272:
544:
and isobutylene is a branched alpha-olefin. In a rather low percentage, but-1-ene is used as one of the comonomers, along with other alpha-olefins, in the production of
594:, albeit in small quantities that make direct extraction economically unfeasible. Instead, these valuable compounds are primarily obtained through a process called
2598:
2588:
193:. Polybutene is therefore used in more specialized applications. Butenes are more commonly used to make copolymer (mixed with another monomer such as ethylene).
3903:
2573:
2558:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2578:
3873:
3607:
2568:
737:
601:
The catalytic cracking process yields a mixture of various hydrocarbons. To isolate butene from this complex mixture, petrochemical engineers employ
605:. This separation technique exploits the different boiling points of the compounds in the mixture, allowing for the efficient extraction of butene.
3775:
1427:
1265:
782:
170:
of long-chain hydrocarbons left during refining of crude oil. Cracking produces a mixture of products, and the butene is extracted from this by
769:
622:
Butene serves as a monomer in the production of polybutene, a type of polymer. However, due to its higher cost compared to alternatives like
1281:
3824:
2646:
1303:
1258:
200:, the C4 fractions in oil processing. The raffinates containing butadiene are considered carcinogenic and mutagenic. They can be used as
3845:
3531:
3526:
3076:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2790:
2641:
3001:
2461:
1083:
799:
754:
493:, but can be liquefied by lowering the temperature or raising the pressure on them, in a manner similar to pressurised
633:
More commonly, butenes are utilized in the production of copolymers. In this process, butene is combined with another
3869:
3300:
1068:
829:
119:
100:
72:
1113:
549:
166:
as a minor constituent in quantities that are too small for viable extraction. Butene is therefore obtained by
57:
79:
2820:
630:
finds its niche in more specialized applications where its unique properties justify the additional expense.
3865:
1043:
783:"KarcinogennĂ plyn na ÄŤeskĂ©m trhu nenĂ, sdÄ›lila asociace. Inspekce zmĂrnila svĂ© zjištÄ›nĂ | Náš REGION"
517:. Although they are stable compounds, the carbon-carbon double bonds make them more reactive than similar
3589:
2700:
1048:
682:. This necessitates stringent safety measures in industrial settings where these compounds are handled.
637:, often ethylene, to create materials with properties that can be fine-tuned for specific applications.
86:
2710:
1239:
545:
2725:
2720:
2715:
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1219:
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68:
17:
735:
Geilen, Frank M.A.; Stochniol, Guido; Peitz, Stephan; Schulte-Koerne, Ekkehard (2014). "Butenes".
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205:
171:
53:
46:
1467:
1174:
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3490:
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822:
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may refer to any of the individual compounds. They are colourless gases that are present in
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510:
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8:
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1016:
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815:
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2020:
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1722:
1577:
1492:
1487:
1373:
1363:
1338:
1204:
1020:
675:
627:
457:. There are also cyclic alkenes with four carbon atoms overall such as
428:
189:
is more expensive than alternatives with shorter carbon chains such as
182:
497:. These gases are colourless, do have distinct odours, and are highly
204:
for further processing, or used as industrial fuel. Their mixing into
3793:
3745:
3740:
3725:
3683:
3678:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3584:
3480:
3465:
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3016:
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2874:
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2514:
2504:
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2408:
2388:
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2230:
2225:
2215:
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2205:
2175:
2150:
2100:
2085:
2080:
2065:
2050:
2030:
2025:
2015:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1915:
1910:
1885:
1815:
1795:
1765:
1687:
1622:
1552:
1542:
1507:
1404:
1308:
656:
652:
648:
591:
573:
514:
502:
498:
404:
316:
208:
for nonindustrial uses sometimes occurs but is generally prohibited.
201:
197:
163:
715:
35:
3850:
3783:
3760:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3641:
3615:
3475:
3435:
3415:
3395:
3385:
3325:
3320:
3134:
3096:
3046:
3011:
2976:
2971:
2955:
2950:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2907:
2795:
2603:
2480:
2466:
2441:
2436:
2426:
2398:
2185:
2180:
2160:
2140:
2135:
1935:
1890:
1870:
1835:
1825:
1712:
1667:
1657:
1562:
1457:
1437:
1353:
852:
577:
561:
529:
525:
490:
292:
254:
151:
734:
3797:
3787:
3546:
3485:
3460:
3455:
3330:
3310:
3290:
3111:
3101:
3086:
3071:
3056:
3041:
3036:
3021:
3006:
2887:
2626:
2486:
1940:
1647:
1348:
937:
903:
869:
679:
634:
518:
382:
235:
231:
186:
178:
414:
3730:
3693:
3315:
3268:
3139:
3121:
3081:
2765:
2563:
1038:
988:
971:
954:
920:
838:
651:, which are C4 fractions produced during oil processing. These
524:
Because of the double bonds, these 4-carbon alkenes can act as
494:
342:
243:
145:
140:
421:
3091:
262:
2524:
696:
Butene, with its four isomers, plays a crucial role in the
569:
309:
302:
246:
807:
666:
482:
564:. Isobutylene is also used for the production of methyl
1280:
453:, but are not alkenes and do not fall under the name
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
536:intermediates. They are used in the production of
521:, which are more inert compounds in various ways.
3833:Unsorted benzodiazepine site positive modulators:
3885:
505:in high percentages, they can be produced from
738:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
3904:GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
1266:
823:
583:
1282:
1273:
1259:
830:
816:
608:
576:, both of which improve the combustion of
265:and common names, respectively, of these
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
668:Environmental and Safety Considerations
14:
3886:
1254:
811:
615:
3874:GABA metabolism/transport modulators
640:
501:. Although not naturally present in
465:, but they do not have the formula C
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
3491:Trichloroethane (methyl chloroform)
686:research in the chemical industry.
626:(which uses propene as a monomer),
216:Among the molecules which have the
24:
2554:11-Methoxy-12-hydroxydehydrokavain
540:. But-1-ene is a linear or normal
532:, as well as having other uses as
196:Butenes are major constituents of
25:
3915:
3301:Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate
793:
590:Butenes are naturally present in
560:of isobutylene with about 2 - 7%
1084:Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction
655:, particularly those containing
647:Butenes are major components of
427:
420:
413:
395:
388:
381:
355:
348:
341:
315:
308:
301:
34:
3721:Menthyl isovalerate (validolum)
550:linear low-density polyethylene
45:needs additional citations for
2670:Allopregnanolone (brexanolone)
775:
763:
728:
481:All four of these isomers are
13:
1:
3866:Receptor/signaling modulators
2422:Ampelopsin (dihydromyricetin)
1069:Corey–Winter olefin synthesis
747:10.1002/14356007.a04_483.pub3
721:
689:
476:
3616:ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine)
2701:anabolic-androgenic steroids
1483:Butabarbital/Secbutabarbital
1288:receptor positive modulators
473:and are not discussed here.
27:Family of chemical compounds
7:
2256:Triflunordazepam (Ro5-2904)
837:
704:
10:
3920:
2584:5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroyangonin
211:
177:Butene can be used as the
3859:
3509:
3277:
3214:
3181:
3148:
3120:
2834:
2776:Pregnanolone (eltanolone)
2655:
2612:
2523:
2495:
2407:
2289:
1731:
1418:
1319:Chlorobutanol (cloretone)
1294:
1240:Friedel-Crafts Alkylation
1152:
1114:Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction
1009:
845:
585:Occurrence and Production
546:high-density polyethylene
3870:GABA receptor modulators
3780:sulfonmethane (sulfonal)
1044:Bamford–Stevens reaction
1180:Oxymercuration reaction
1049:Barton–Kellogg reaction
741:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
610:Industrial Applications
603:fractional distillation
172:fractional distillation
3756:Retigabine (ezogabine)
3032:Lirequinil (Ro41-3696)
2599:7,8-Dihydromethysticin
2589:5,6-Dehydromethysticin
1468:Benzylbutylbarbiturate
1175:Electrophilic addition
1054:Boord olefin synthesis
1099:Kauffmann olefination
772:pcs.com.sg April 2017
257:, but have different
3811:constituents (e.g.,
3595:Deuterated etifoxine
2657:Neuroactive steroids
2627:Apronal (apronalide)
2479:constituents (e.g.,
2096:N-Desalkylflurazepam
1220:Diels–Alder reaction
1109:Peterson olefination
1089:Hydrazone iodination
1026:Dehydration reaction
800:MSDS for isobutylene
556:is made by cationic
528:in the formation of
238:. All four of these
54:improve this article
3604:dihydroergocryptine
2916:Pyrazolopyrimidines
2574:5,6-Dihydroyangonin
2559:7,8-Dihydroyangonin
1746:3-Hydroxyphenazepam
1588:Methylphenobarbital
1079:Hofmann elimination
1059:Chugaev elimination
1017:Dehydrohalogenation
461:and two isomers of
410:2-methylprop-1-ene
259:chemical structures
3698:4-O-methylhonokiol
3361:Dichloralphenazone
3259:Methylmethaqualone
2836:Nonbenzodiazepines
2549:Desmethoxyyangonin
2544:11-Hydroxyyangonin
2539:11-Methoxyyangonin
2534:10-Methoxyyangonin
1921:Ethyl carfluzepate
1523:Cyclopentobarbital
1144:Cope rearrangement
1074:Grieco elimination
617:Polymer Production
596:catalytic cracking
511:catalytic cracking
463:methylcyclopropene
451:methylcyclopropane
267:chemical compounds
168:catalytic cracking
3881:
3880:
3841:MRK-409 (MK-0343)
3612:dihydroergotamine
3555:potassium bromide
3549:compounds (e.g.,
3496:Trichloroethylene
3264:Nitromethaqualone
3183:Pyrazolopyridines
2685:3α-Androstanediol
2579:7,8-Dihydrokavain
1931:Ethyl loflazepate
1708:Thiotetrabarbital
1324:Ethanol (alcohol)
1248:
1247:
1210:Hydrohalogenation
1134:Olefin metathesis
1124:Takai olefination
1094:Julia olefination
1035:Semihydrogenation
770:Safety Data Sheet
642:Refinery Products
435:
434:
284:Skeletal formula
143:with the formula
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
3911:
3600:Dihydroergolines
3517:3-Hydroxybutanal
3150:Piperidinediones
2883:Imidazopyridines
2417:6-Methylapigenin
2349:Hydroxyphenamate
2221:SH-053-R-CH3-2′F
1926:Ethyl dirazepate
1806:Chlordiazepoxide
1698:Thiobutabarbital
1410:Trifluoroethanol
1400:Trichloroethanol
1390:-Pentanol (2M2B)
1284:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1252:
1251:
1190:Cyclopropanation
1119:Shapiro reaction
1104:McMurry reaction
1001:
984:
967:
950:
933:
916:
899:
882:
865:
832:
825:
818:
809:
808:
787:
786:
779:
773:
767:
761:
760:
732:
538:synthetic rubber
431:
424:
417:
399:
392:
385:
359:
352:
345:
319:
312:
305:
272:
271:
229:
218:chemical formula
157:
135:, also known as
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3855:
3813:isovaleric acid
3776:Sulfonylalkanes
3674:Hopantenic acid
3658:tolfenamic acid
3646:flufenamic acid
3608:dihydroergosine
3551:lithium bromide
3510:Others/unsorted
3505:
3366:Dichloromethane
3341:Chloral hydrate
3336:Chloral betaine
3273:
3210:
3177:
3144:
3116:
2845:Cyclopyrrolones
2830:
2736:Etiocholanolone
2651:
2608:
2569:5-Hydroxykavain
2519:
2491:
2403:
2285:
1733:Benzodiazepines
1727:
1538:Ethallobarbital
1533:Enallylpropymal
1414:
1395:Tribromoethanol
1382:-Butanol (2M2P)
1328:alcoholic drink
1290:
1287:
1279:
1249:
1244:
1230:Dehydrogenation
1200:Dihydroxylation
1148:
1129:Wittig reaction
1005:
1000:
996:
992:
983:
979:
975:
966:
962:
958:
949:
945:
941:
932:
928:
924:
915:
911:
907:
898:
894:
890:
881:
877:
873:
864:
860:
856:
841:
836:
805:
796:
791:
790:
781:
780:
776:
768:
764:
757:
733:
729:
724:
707:
694:
671:
645:
620:
613:
588:
479:
472:
468:
444:
440:
275:Common name(s)
228:
224:
220:
214:
156:
150:
144:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3917:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3879:
3878:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3829:
3828:
3821:valerenic acid
3806:
3801:
3791:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3650:mefenamic acid
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3559:sodium bromide
3544:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3426:Methoxypropane
3423:
3421:Methoxyflurane
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3381:Ethyl chloride
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3287:
3285:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3220:
3218:
3216:Quinazolinones
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3187:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3154:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3126:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2840:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2661:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2618:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2528:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2501:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1737:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1638:Propylbarbital
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1513:Crotylbarbital
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1478:Brophebarbital
1475:
1473:Brallobarbital
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1384:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1359:Methylpentynol
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1285:
1278:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1255:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1225:Wacker process
1222:
1217:
1215:Polymerization
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1032:
1023:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1003:
998:
994:
986:
981:
977:
969:
964:
960:
952:
947:
943:
935:
930:
926:
918:
913:
909:
901:
896:
892:
884:
879:
875:
867:
862:
858:
849:
847:
843:
842:
835:
834:
827:
820:
812:
803:
802:
795:
794:External links
792:
789:
788:
774:
762:
756:978-3527306732
755:
726:
725:
723:
720:
719:
718:
713:
706:
703:
693:
688:
670:
665:
644:
639:
619:
614:
612:
607:
587:
582:
568:-butyl ether (
558:polymerisation
507:petrochemicals
478:
475:
470:
466:
442:
438:
433:
432:
425:
418:
411:
408:
407:, isobutylene
401:
400:
393:
386:
379:
372:
365:trans-2-butene
361:
360:
353:
346:
339:
332:
321:
320:
313:
306:
299:
296:
289:
288:
285:
282:
279:
276:
226:
222:
213:
210:
154:
148:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3916:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3864:
3858:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3817:isovaleramide
3814:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3799:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3655:
3654:niflumic acid
3651:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3580:Clomethiazole
3578:
3576:
3575:Chlormezanone
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3565:Carbamazepine
3563:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3441:Nitrous oxide
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3371:Diethyl ether
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3173:Pyrithyldione
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2379:Phenprobamate
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2344:Hexapropymate
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2319:Difebarbamate
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2131:Nortetrazepam
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1991:Flutoprazepam
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1971:Flunitrazolam
1969:
1967:
1966:Flunitrazepam
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1956:Flubromazolam
1954:
1952:
1951:Flubromazepam
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1851:Cloniprazepam
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1741:2-Oxoquazepam
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1683:Thialbarbital
1681:
1679:
1678:Tetrabarbital
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1663:Spirobarbital
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1643:Proxibarbital
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1633:Propallylonal
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1613:Phenobarbital
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1603:Pentobarbital
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1593:Narcobarbital
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1558:Heptobarbital
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1528:Difebarbamate
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1518:Cyclobarbital
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1463:Benzobarbital
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1334:Ethchlorvynol
1332:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1264:
1262:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1185:Hydroboration
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1160:Hydrogenation
1158:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1064:Cope reaction
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1008:
990:
987:
973:
970:
956:
953:
939:
936:
922:
919:
905:
902:
888:
885:
871:
868:
854:
851:
850:
848:
844:
840:
833:
828:
826:
821:
819:
814:
813:
810:
806:
801:
798:
797:
784:
778:
771:
766:
758:
752:
748:
744:
740:
739:
731:
727:
717:
714:
712:
711:1,3-Butadiene
709:
708:
702:
699:
698:petrochemical
692:
687:
683:
681:
677:
669:
664:
660:
658:
654:
650:
643:
638:
636:
631:
629:
625:
624:polypropylene
618:
611:
606:
604:
599:
597:
593:
586:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
534:petrochemical
531:
527:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
474:
464:
460:
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448:
430:
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423:
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398:
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387:
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380:
377:
373:
370:
366:
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362:
358:
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351:
347:
344:
340:
337:
333:
330:
326:
323:
322:
318:
314:
311:
307:
304:
300:
297:
295:, α-butylene
294:
291:
290:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
273:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
245:
241:
237:
233:
219:
209:
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203:
199:
194:
192:
191:polypropylene
188:
184:
180:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
153:
147:
142:
138:
134:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3862:
3861:
3832:
3689:Lavender oil
3431:Nitric oxide
3351:Cryofluorane
3296:Acetophenone
3254:Methaqualone
3249:Mecloqualone
3244:Mebroqualone
3234:Diproqualone
3229:Cloroqualone
3158:Glutethimide
2962:
2914:
2881:
2843:
2816:Testosterone
2781:Progesterone
2746:Hydroxydione
2695:Androsterone
2622:Acecarbromal
2527:constituents
2314:Cyclarbamate
2304:Carisoprodol
2076:Metaclazepam
2071:Menitrazepam
2061:Meclonazepam
2056:Lormetazepam
1986:Flutemazepam
1811:Ciclotizolam
1801:Carburazepam
1693:Thiobarbital
1653:Secobarbital
1618:Phetharbital
1598:Nealbarbital
1583:Methohexital
1568:Hexobarbital
1503:Butallylonal
1498:Butobarbital
1453:Barbexaclone
1448:Aprobarbital
1433:Allobarbital
1420:Barbiturates
1387:
1379:
1369:Petrichloral
1235:Ene reaction
1165:Halogenation
1139:Ene reaction
1010:Preparations
886:
804:
777:
765:
736:
730:
695:
690:
684:
672:
667:
661:
646:
641:
632:
621:
616:
609:
600:
589:
584:
565:
554:Butyl rubber
542:alpha-olefin
523:
480:
454:
436:
378:)-but-2-ene
375:
371:-β-butylene
368:
338:)-but-2-ene
335:
331:-β-butylene
328:
325:cis-2-butene
240:hydrocarbons
215:
195:
176:
159:
158:. The word
136:
132:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3771:Stiripentol
3766:Seproxetine
3736:Niacinamide
3716:Loreclezole
3537:Avermectins
3501:Vinyl ether
3471:Sevoflurane
3451:Paraldehyde
3401:Halopropane
3224:Afloqualone
3206:Tracazolate
3201:ICI-190,622
3191:Cartazolate
3168:Piperidione
3163:Methyprylon
3130:Fospropofol
3052:Pipequaline
2860:Pazinaclone
2850:Eszopiclone
2706:Cholesterol
2690:Androstenol
2614:Monoureides
2594:Methysticin
2394:Tetrabamate
2374:Pentabamate
2364:Meprobamate
2334:Febarbamate
2299:Carisbamate
2251:Triflubazam
2241:Tolufazepam
2201:Rilmazafone
2196:Remimazolam
2171:Proflazepam
2156:Pivoxazepam
2116:Nitrazepate
2106:Nimetazepam
2041:Lopirazepam
2011:Haloxazolam
1961:Fludiazepam
1906:Doxefazepam
1881:Delorazepam
1861:Clotiazepam
1856:Clorazepate
1821:Cinolazepam
1718:Vinbarbital
1673:Tetrabamate
1628:Probarbital
1608:Phenallymal
1573:Metharbital
1548:Febarbamate
1443:Amobarbital
1344:Isopropanol
1314:Chloralodol
1195:Epoxidation
676:carcinogens
487:temperature
459:cyclobutene
447:cyclobutane
278:IUPAC name
251:double bond
185:, but this
3888:Categories
3804:Topiramate
3794:Terpenoids
3751:Propanidid
3741:Org 25,435
3669:Flupirtine
3664:Fluoxetine
3570:Chloralose
3541:ivermectin
3446:Norflurane
3411:Isoflurane
3356:Desflurane
3346:Chloroform
3306:Aliflurane
3239:Etaqualone
3067:SB-205,384
2997:CP-615,003
2992:CL-218,872
2946:Panadiplon
2936:Lorediplon
2865:Suproclone
2826:Zuranolone
2786:Renanolone
2771:Posovolone
2751:Minaxolone
2741:Ganaxolone
2680:Alfaxalone
2675:Alfadolone
2665:Acebrochol
2632:Bromisoval
2510:Metomidate
2497:Imidazoles
2457:Hispidulin
2409:Flavonoids
2369:Nisobamate
2359:Mebutamate
2329:Ethinamate
2324:Emylcamate
2291:Carbamates
2261:Tuclazepam
2236:Tetrazepam
2191:Reclazepam
2166:Premazepam
2146:Phenazepam
2126:Nordazepam
2121:Nitrazolam
2111:Nitrazepam
2091:Motrazepam
2046:Loprazolam
2036:Lofendazam
2021:Imidazenil
1981:Flutazolam
1976:Flurazepam
1946:Fletazepam
1901:Dimdazenil
1896:Diclazepam
1876:Cyprazepam
1866:Cloxazolam
1846:Clonazolam
1841:Clonazepam
1831:Climazolam
1791:Brotizolam
1786:Bromazolam
1781:Bromazepam
1776:Bretazenil
1771:Bentazepam
1761:Arfendazam
1756:Alprazolam
1751:Adinazolam
1723:Vinylbital
1703:Thiopental
1578:Methitural
1493:Buthalital
1488:Butalbital
1339:Isobutanol
1205:Ozonolysis
1021:haloalkane
722:References
716:Fact Pulse
691:Conclusion
653:raffinates
649:raffinates
628:polybutene
477:Properties
298:But-1-ene
281:Structure
242:have four
202:feedstocks
198:raffinates
183:polybutene
110:March 2024
80:newspapers
3863:See also:
3825:valerenol
3746:Phenytoin
3726:Monastrol
3684:Lanthanum
3679:KRM-II-81
3642:Fenamates
3637:Etifoxine
3632:Etazepine
3627:Efavirenz
3585:Darigabat
3481:Teflurane
3466:Roflurane
3461:Propylene
3406:Halothane
3391:Fluroxene
3376:Enflurane
3279:Volatiles
3196:Etazolate
3107:Viqualine
3062:RWJ-51204
3027:L-838,417
3017:Imepitoin
2987:CGS-20625
2982:CGS-13767
2967:Adipiplon
2941:Ocinaplon
2903:Saripidem
2898:Necopidem
2875:Zopiclone
2870:Suriclone
2855:Pagoclone
2761:ORG-21465
2756:ORG-20599
2647:Ectylurea
2637:Carbromal
2515:Propoxate
2505:Etomidate
2432:Baicalein
2389:Styramate
2384:Procymate
2354:Lorbamate
2339:Felbamate
2309:Clocental
2281:Zomebazam
2276:Zolazepam
2271:Zapizolam
2266:Uldazepam
2246:Triazolam
2231:Temazepam
2226:Sulazepam
2216:Ro48-8684
2211:Ro48-6791
2206:Ripazepam
2176:Pyrazolam
2151:Pinazepam
2101:Nifoxipam
2086:Midazolam
2081:Mexazolam
2066:Medazepam
2051:Lorazepam
2031:Ketazolam
2026:Irazepine
2016:Iclazepam
2006:Halazepam
2001:Gidazepam
1996:Fosazepam
1916:Estazolam
1911:Elfazepam
1886:Demoxepam
1816:Cinazepam
1796:Camazepam
1766:Avizafone
1688:Thiamylal
1623:Primidone
1553:Heptabarb
1543:Eterobarb
1508:Carbubarb
1405:Triclofos
1304:Brometone
1170:Hydration
1153:Reactions
657:butadiene
592:crude oil
574:isooctane
515:petroleum
503:petroleum
499:flammable
445:, namely
405:isobutene
287:3D model
255:molecules
253:in their
164:crude oil
3899:Monomers
3851:TCS-1205
3846:TCS-1105
3836:α-Pinene
3809:Valerian
3784:tetronal
3761:Safranal
3710:obovatol
3706:magnolol
3702:honokiol
3532:Alogabat
3527:AA-29504
3476:Synthane
3436:Nitrogen
3416:Kerosine
3396:Gasoline
3386:Ethylene
3326:Centalun
3321:Butylene
3135:Propofol
3097:U-89843A
3077:TGSC01AA
3047:NS-11394
3012:GBLD-345
2977:CGS-9896
2972:CGS-8216
2956:Zaleplon
2951:Taniplon
2931:Indiplon
2926:Fasiplon
2921:Divaplon
2908:Zolpidem
2811:SAGE-872
2806:SAGE-689
2801:SAGE-516
2796:SAGE-324
2791:SAGE-105
2699:Certain
2642:Capuride
2604:Yangonin
2481:baicalin
2477:Skullcap
2467:Luteolin
2442:Catechin
2437:Baicalin
2427:Apigenin
2399:Tybamate
2186:Quazepam
2181:QH-II-66
2161:Prazepam
2141:Oxazolam
2136:Oxazepam
1936:Etizolam
1891:Diazepam
1871:CP-1414S
1836:Clobazam
1826:Clazolam
1713:Valofane
1668:Talbutal
1658:Sigmodal
1563:Hexethal
1458:Barbital
1438:Alphenal
1428:(-)-DMBB
1374:Propanol
1364:Pentanol
1354:Methanol
1296:Alcohols
705:See also
680:mutagens
578:gasoline
562:isoprene
530:polymers
526:monomers
491:pressure
485:at room
293:1-butene
249:and one
139:, is an
137:butylene
69:"Butene"
18:Butylene
3894:Alkenes
3798:borneol
3796:(e.g.,
3788:trional
3778:(e.g.,
3696:(e.g.,
3694:Lignans
3644:(e.g.,
3602:(e.g.,
3547:Bromide
3539:(e.g.,
3522:α-EMTBL
3486:Toluene
3456:Propane
3331:Chloral
3311:Benzene
3291:Acetone
3122:Phenols
3112:Y-23684
3102:U-90042
3087:TPA-023
3072:SX-3228
3057:ROD-188
3042:NS-2710
3037:NS-2664
3022:JM-1232
3007:ELB-139
3002:CTP-354
2888:Alpidem
2487:Wogonin
2462:Linarin
1941:FG-8205
1648:Reposal
1349:Menthol
1309:Butanol
1030:alcohol
938:Heptene
904:Pentene
870:Propene
846:Alkenes
839:Alkenes
635:monomer
519:alkanes
236:alkenes
232:isomers
212:Isomers
187:polymer
179:monomer
94:scholar
3731:Niacin
3316:Butane
3269:SL-164
3140:Thymol
3082:TP-003
2963:Others
2766:P1-185
2726:5β-DHP
2721:5α-DHP
2716:3α-DHP
2564:Kavain
2472:Rc-OMe
1039:alkyne
989:Decene
972:Nonene
955:Octene
921:Hexene
887:Butene
853:Ethene
753:
572:) and
509:or by
495:butane
455:butene
261:. The
244:carbon
160:butene
141:alkene
133:Butene
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
3590:DEABL
3283:gases
3092:TP-13
2821:THDOC
2711:DHDOC
1037:from
1028:from
1019:from
483:gases
369:trans
269:are:
263:IUPAC
247:atoms
230:four
101:JSTOR
87:books
2893:DS-1
2525:Kava
2452:EGCG
1388:tert
1380:tert
1283:GABA
751:ISBN
678:and
570:MTBE
566:tert
548:and
489:and
449:and
234:are
181:for
73:news
3622:DS2
2731:DHT
2447:EGC
743:doi
513:of
329:cis
206:LPG
56:by
3890::
3872:•
3868:•
3823:,
3819:,
3815:,
3786:,
3782:,
3708:,
3704:,
3700:,
3656:,
3652:,
3648:,
3614:,
3610:,
3606:,
3557:,
3553:,
2965::
2919::
2886::
2848::
999:20
995:10
982:18
965:16
948:14
931:12
914:10
749:.
580:.
552:.
374:(2
367:,
334:(2
327:,
174:.
3827:)
3800:)
3790:)
3712:)
3660:)
3618:)
3561:)
3543:)
3281:/
2483:)
1330:)
1326:(
1286:A
1274:e
1267:t
1260:v
1002:)
997:H
993:C
991:(
985:)
980:H
978:9
976:C
974:(
968:)
963:H
961:8
959:C
957:(
951:)
946:H
944:7
942:C
940:(
934:)
929:H
927:6
925:C
923:(
917:)
912:H
910:5
908:C
906:(
900:)
897:8
895:H
893:4
891:C
889:(
883:)
880:6
878:H
876:3
874:C
872:(
866:)
863:4
861:H
859:2
857:C
855:(
831:e
824:t
817:v
785:.
759:.
745::
471:8
469:H
467:4
443:8
441:H
439:4
376:E
336:Z
227:8
225:H
223:4
221:C
155:8
152:H
149:4
146:C
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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