57:
1652:
162:
205:
196:. It operates on similar frequencies around 100 kHz, and uses the same techniques of comparing both the envelope and the signal phase to accurately determine location. The systems differ primarily in details.
1713:
1689:
21:
1119:
1070:
703:
472:
1295:
1217:
987:
886:
806:
755:
652:
603:
365:
1723:
936:
523:
316:
1344:
421:
1392:
1168:
1568:
1518:
1470:
1682:
219:(Group Repetition Intervals, or GRIs) to allow the identification of different stations operating on the same frequencies.
1728:
148:
129:
86:
1675:
101:
980:
747:
596:
82:
108:
266:
The following Chayka transmitters work with very high power and may use very tall mast antennas (similar to
1637:
115:
1718:
216:
1708:
409:
1621:
879:
645:
97:
67:
1631:
1625:
78:
71:
1561:
270:
transmitters). The masts at
Dudinka and Taymylyr (demolished in 2009) were 460 metres high.
8:
1385:
1161:
122:
189:
173:
1663:
1659:
188:(lit. Radio-technology System for Distant Navigation) is a Russian terrestrial
1702:
1583:
1570:
1533:
1520:
1511:
1485:
1472:
1463:
1407:
1394:
1359:
1346:
1310:
1297:
1232:
1219:
1183:
1170:
1134:
1121:
1085:
1072:
1002:
989:
951:
938:
901:
888:
821:
808:
770:
757:
718:
705:
667:
654:
618:
605:
538:
525:
487:
474:
436:
423:
380:
367:
331:
318:
257:, Far East chains deployed on the basis of low-power mobile stations RSDN-10.
36:
23:
1634:, the Western counterpart of the Alpha Navigation System, no longer in use.
358:
928:
254:
226:
GRI 8000 — Western (European) Russia Chayka Chain (1969, RSDN-3/10)
465:
696:
56:
1112:
304:
1337:
1063:
799:
413:
308:
267:
250:
246:
242:
193:
1651:
516:
209:
161:
1615:
1288:
1210:
229:
GRI 7950 — Eastern Russia Chayka Chain (1986, RSDN-4)
204:
235:
GRI 5960 — Northern Chayka Chain (1996, RSDN-5)
232:
GRI 5980 — Russian-American Chayka Chain (1995)
241:And also North-Caucasian, South-Ural (GRI 5970),
1700:
182:Radiotekhnicheskaya Sistema Dal'ney Navigatsii
1683:
1658:This article about aircraft components is a
85:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1714:Science and technology in the Soviet Union
1690:
1676:
238:GRI 4970 — North-Western Chayka Chain
149:Learn how and when to remove this message
203:
160:
1701:
261:
215:Chayka, like LORAN-C, uses different
1646:
83:adding citations to reliable sources
50:
1628:, still in use as of November 2017.
1618:, the Western counterpart of Chayka
13:
1724:Communications in the Soviet Union
222:There are 5 Chayka chains in use:
14:
1740:
1624:, the Russian counterpart of the
1650:
199:
180:, lit. "seagull") also known as
55:
208:At the hill – RSDN-3/10,
1:
1662:. You can help Knowledge by
1638:Russian 460 metre radio mast
217:pulse repetition frequencies
7:
1609:
1432:
1257:
1029:
848:
565:
273:
10:
1745:
1645:
1135:72.5802556°N 122.1111917°E
1003:51.0785556°N 142.7013750°E
822:59.4171583°N 143.0885222°E
619:51.0785583°N 142.7013750°E
1086:69.3625556°N 86.6973778°E
902:53.1300722°N 157.696972°E
719:44.5328444°N 131.641278°E
668:53.1300722°N 157.696972°E
488:44.8889389°N 33.8732750°E
177:
1729:Aircraft component stubs
1311:65.9665472°N 60.309306°E
1233:65.9665472°N 60.309306°E
981:Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky
880:Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
771:42.743667°N 143.719583°E
646:Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
597:Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky
1626:Omega Navigation System
1455:Transmission power, kW
1360:69.052333°N 35.670639°E
1280:Transmission power, kW
1140:72.5802556; 122.1111917
1055:Transmission power, kW
1034:(No longer in service)
1008:51.0785556; 142.7013750
952:52.82889°N 173.180472°E
871:Transmission power, kW
827:59.4171583; 143.0885222
624:51.0785583; 142.7013750
588:Transmission power, kW
539:53.288222°N 48.114833°E
381:61.759000°N 33.694556°E
332:53.130722°N 34.912444°E
296:Transmission power, kW
16:Radio navigation system
1091:69.3625556; 86.6973778
907:53.1300722; 157.696972
724:44.5328444; 131.641278
673:53.1300722; 157.696972
493:44.8889389; 33.8732750
437:53.132000°N 25.39611°E
212:
166:
1408:76.12611°N 60.21528°E
1316:65.9665472; 60.309306
1238:65.9665472; 60.309306
1184:76.12611°N 60.21528°E
776:42.743667; 143.719583
207:
164:
37:53.13083°N 34.91250°E
1365:69.052333; 35.670639
957:52.82889; 173.180472
544:53.288222; 48.114833
386:61.759000; 33.694556
337:53.130722; 34.912444
79:improve this article
1584:55.3700°N 65.3767°E
1580: /
1534:56.7467°N 60.5267°E
1530: /
1486:54.3850°N 61.3433°E
1482: /
1404: /
1356: /
1307: /
1229: /
1180: /
1131: /
1082: /
999: /
948: /
898: /
818: /
767: /
715: /
664: /
615: /
535: /
484: /
442:53.132000; 25.39611
433: /
377: /
328: /
262:Chayka Transmitters
192:system, similar to
33: /
1449:Emission delay, μs
1413:76.12611; 60.21528
1274:Emission delay, μs
1189:76.12611; 60.21528
1049:Emission delay, μs
865:Emission delay, μs
582:Emission delay, μs
290:Emission delay, μs
213:
167:
42:53.13083; 34.91250
1719:Soviet inventions
1671:
1670:
1607:
1606:
1430:
1429:
1386:Pankratiev Island
1255:
1254:
1162:Pankratiev Island
1027:
1026:
846:
845:
563:
562:
307:(44 km from
159:
158:
151:
133:
1736:
1709:Radio navigation
1692:
1685:
1678:
1654:
1647:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1589:55.3700; 65.3767
1585:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1539:56.7467; 60.5267
1535:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1491:54.3850; 61.3433
1487:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1452:Coding delay, μs
1437:
1436:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1277:Coding delay, μs
1262:
1261:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1052:Coding delay, μs
1037:
1036:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1000:
997:
996:
995:
992:
963:
962:
960:
959:
958:
953:
949:
946:
945:
944:
941:
931:(United States)
913:
912:
910:
909:
908:
903:
899:
896:
895:
894:
891:
868:Coding delay, μs
853:
852:
833:
832:
830:
829:
828:
823:
819:
816:
815:
814:
811:
782:
781:
779:
778:
777:
772:
768:
765:
764:
763:
760:
730:
729:
727:
726:
725:
720:
716:
713:
712:
711:
708:
679:
678:
676:
675:
674:
669:
665:
662:
661:
660:
657:
630:
629:
627:
626:
625:
620:
616:
613:
612:
611:
608:
585:Coding delay, μs
570:
569:
550:
549:
547:
546:
545:
540:
536:
533:
532:
531:
528:
499:
498:
496:
495:
494:
489:
485:
482:
481:
480:
477:
448:
447:
445:
444:
443:
438:
434:
431:
430:
429:
426:
392:
391:
389:
388:
387:
382:
378:
375:
374:
373:
370:
343:
342:
340:
339:
338:
333:
329:
326:
325:
324:
321:
293:Coding delay, μs
278:
277:
190:radio navigation
179:
154:
147:
143:
140:
134:
132:
91:
59:
51:
48:
47:
45:
44:
43:
38:
34:
31:
30:
29:
26:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1643:
1612:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1435:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1260:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1032:
1007:
1005:
1001:
998:
993:
990:
988:
986:
985:
956:
954:
950:
947:
942:
939:
937:
935:
934:
906:
904:
900:
897:
892:
889:
887:
885:
884:
851:
826:
824:
820:
817:
812:
809:
807:
805:
804:
775:
773:
769:
766:
761:
758:
756:
754:
753:
723:
721:
717:
714:
709:
706:
704:
702:
701:
672:
670:
666:
663:
658:
655:
653:
651:
650:
623:
621:
617:
614:
609:
606:
604:
602:
601:
568:
543:
541:
537:
534:
529:
526:
524:
522:
521:
492:
490:
486:
483:
478:
475:
473:
471:
470:
441:
439:
435:
432:
427:
424:
422:
420:
419:
385:
383:
379:
376:
371:
368:
366:
364:
363:
336:
334:
330:
327:
322:
319:
317:
315:
314:
276:
264:
202:
184:abbreviated as
155:
144:
138:
135:
92:
90:
76:
60:
41:
39:
35:
32:
27:
24:
22:
20:
19:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1742:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1695:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1655:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1629:
1619:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1126:122°06′40.29″E
1115:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
983:
978:
974:
973:
970:
967:
964:
932:
926:
922:
921:
918:
916:
914:
882:
877:
873:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
850:
847:
844:
843:
840:
837:
834:
802:
797:
793:
792:
789:
786:
783:
751:
745:
741:
740:
737:
734:
731:
699:
694:
690:
689:
686:
683:
680:
648:
643:
639:
638:
635:
633:
631:
599:
594:
590:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
567:
564:
561:
560:
557:
554:
551:
519:
514:
510:
509:
506:
503:
500:
468:
463:
459:
458:
455:
452:
449:
417:
407:
403:
402:
399:
396:
393:
361:
356:
352:
351:
348:
346:
344:
312:
302:
298:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
275:
272:
263:
260:
259:
258:
255:Transbaikalian
239:
236:
233:
230:
227:
201:
198:
157:
156:
63:
61:
54:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1741:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1674:
1673:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1515:
1513:
1512:Yekaterinburg
1510:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1467:
1465:
1464:Yuzhno-Uralsk
1462:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1299:65°57′59.57″N
1292:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1221:65°57′59.57″N
1214:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1123:72°34′48.92″N
1116:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1077:86°41′50.56″E
1074:69°21′45.20″N
1067:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1012:
994:142°42′4.95″E
984:
982:
979:
976:
975:
971:
968:
965:
961:
943:173°10′49.7″E
933:
930:
927:
924:
923:
919:
917:
915:
911:
893:157°41′49.1″E
883:
881:
878:
875:
874:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
854:
841:
838:
835:
831:
813:143°5′18.68″E
803:
801:
798:
795:
794:
790:
787:
784:
780:
762:143°43′10.5″E
752:
749:
746:
743:
742:
738:
735:
732:
728:
710:131°38′28.6″E
707:44°31′58.24″N
700:
698:
695:
692:
691:
687:
684:
681:
677:
659:157°41′49.1″E
649:
647:
644:
641:
640:
636:
634:
632:
628:
610:142°42′4.95″E
600:
598:
595:
592:
591:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
571:
558:
555:
552:
548:
520:
518:
515:
512:
511:
507:
504:
501:
497:
479:33°52′23.79″E
476:44°53′20.18″N
469:
467:
464:
461:
460:
456:
453:
450:
446:
418:
415:
411:
408:
405:
404:
400:
397:
394:
390:
362:
360:
357:
354:
353:
349:
347:
345:
341:
313:
310:
306:
303:
300:
299:
295:
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
279:
271:
269:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
237:
234:
231:
228:
225:
224:
223:
220:
218:
211:
206:
200:Chayka-Chains
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
175:
171:
163:
153:
150:
142:
139:December 2022
131:
128:
124:
121:
117:
114:
110:
107:
103:
100: –
99:
95:
94:Find sources:
88:
84:
80:
74:
73:
69:
64:This article
62:
58:
53:
52:
49:
46:
1664:expanding it
1657:
1642:
1446:Coordinates
1351:35°40′14.3″E
1302:60°18′33.5″E
1271:Coordinates
1224:60°18′33.5″E
1046:Coordinates
1033:
991:51°4′42.80″N
890:53°7′48.26″N
862:Coordinates
810:59°25′1.77″N
759:42°44′37.2″N
656:53°7′48.26″N
607:51°4′42.81″N
579:Coordinates
527:53°17′17.6″N
372:33°41′40.4″E
369:61°45′32.4″N
359:Petrozavodsk
323:34°54′44.8″E
287:Coordinates
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165:Chayka pulse
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77:Please help
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530:48°6′53.4″E
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425:53°7′55.2″N
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1703:Categories
1399:60°12′55″E
1348:69°3′8.4″N
1175:60°12′55″E
940:52°49′44″N
466:Simferopol
428:25°23′46″E
109:newspapers
28:34°54′45″E
25:53°07′51″N
1575:65°22.6′E
1572:55°22.2′N
1525:60°31.6′E
1522:56°44.8′N
1477:61°20.6′E
1474:54°23.1′N
1396:76°7′34″N
1172:76°7′34″N
697:Ussuriysk
66:does not
1610:See also
1433:GRI 5970
1258:GRI 4970
1113:Taymylyr
1030:GRI 5960
849:GRI 5980
836:64102.05
785:49104.15
750:(Japan)
566:GRI 7950
553:67941.60
502:53070.25
451:27125.00
395:13217.21
305:Karachev
274:GRI 8000
243:Siberian
98:"CHAYKA"
1598:30939,5
1548:15895,1
1338:Tumanny
1064:Dudinka
1017:31506.5
966:14506.5
800:Okhotsk
733:33678.0
682:14506.5
414:Belarus
309:Bryansk
268:LORAN-C
251:Sayansk
247:Angarsk
194:Loran-C
174:Russian
123:scholar
87:removed
72:sources
1562:Kurgan
1443:Place
1268:Place
1043:Place
859:Place
576:Place
517:Syzran
410:Slonim
284:Place
210:Crimea
170:Chayka
125:
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1632:OMEGA
1622:Alpha
1616:LORAN
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1551:15000
1329:1200
1251:1200
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1020:28000
969:11000
839:61000
788:46000
736:30000
685:11000
556:65000
505:50000
454:25000
398:10000
178:Чайка
130:JSTOR
116:books
1660:stub
1426:250
1289:Inta
1211:Inta
1202:250
1023:700
972:400
920:700
791:600
739:700
688:700
637:700
559:700
508:550
457:450
401:700
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186:RSDN
102:news
70:any
68:cite
1558:X/2
1508:W/1
1382:X/2
1334:W/1
1207:Y/3
1158:X/2
1109:W/1
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925:W/1
842:10
796:Z/4
744:Y/3
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462:Y/3
406:X/2
355:W/1
81:by
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