182:
556:
7827:"Downstream Recipient" means an entity or individual that uses for its intended purpose a Moonlight Implementation obtained directly from Novell or through an Intermediate Recipient... Microsoft reserves the right to update (including discontinue) the foregoing covenant... "Moonlight Implementation" means only those specific portions of Moonlight 1.0 or Moonlight 1.1 that run only as a plug-in to a browser on a Personal Computer and are not licensed under GPLv3 or a Similar License.
9592:
12482:
12150:
9503:
4395:
55:
2775:, always have a default value, and can always be created and copied. Some other limitations on value types are that they cannot derive from each other (but can implement interfaces) and cannot have an explicit default (parameterless) constructor because they already have an implicit one which initializes all contained data to the type-dependent default value (0, null, or alike). Examples of value types are all primitive types, such as
12454:
1012:
4318:(C#), has been opened up and functionality surfaced as APIs. It is thus enabling developers to create refactoring and diagnostics tools. Two branches of official implementation are .NET Framework (closed-source, Windows-only) and .NET Core (open-source, cross-platform); they eventually converged into one open-source implementation: .NET 5.0. At .NET Framework 4.6, a new JIT compiler replaced the former.
7734:
distributed by Novell or its
Subsidiaries (collectively "Novell") for which Novell has received Revenue (directly or indirectly) for such specific copies; provided the foregoing covenant is limited to use by such Customer (i) of such specific copies that are authorized by Novell in consideration for such Revenue, and (ii) within the scope authorized by Novell in consideration for such Revenue.
2837:). Some operations are not always possible, such as creating an instance of a reference type, copying an existing instance, or performing a value comparison on two existing instances. Nevertheless, specific reference types can provide such services by exposing a public constructor or implementing a corresponding interface (such as
1937:, and, in some cases, at runtime. No implicit conversions occur between Booleans and integers, nor between enumeration members and integers (except for literal 0, which can be implicitly converted to any enumerated type). Any user-defined conversion must be explicitly marked as explicit or implicit, unlike C++
3441:
Generics introduced a massive new feature in .NET that allowed developers to create type-safe data structures. This shift is particularly important in the context of converting legacy systems, where updating to generics can significantly enhance performance and maintainability by replacing outdated
1835: (CLI). Most of its intrinsic types correspond to value-types implemented by the CLI framework. However, the language specification does not state the code generation requirements of the compiler: that is, it does not state that a C# compiler must target a Common Language Runtime, or generate
3437:
With .NET 2.0 and C# 2.0, the community got more flexible collections than those in .NET 1.x. In the absence of generics, developers had to use collections such as ArrayList to store elements as objects of unspecified kind, which incurred performance overhead when boxing/unboxing/type-checking the
2412:
support, strong filtering capabilities, type safety with compile error checking ability, and consistency for querying data over a variety of sources. There are several different language structures that can be utilized with C# and LINQ and they are query expressions, lambda expressions, anonymous
2285:
A range of standard exceptions are available to programmers. Methods in standard libraries regularly throw system exceptions in some circumstances and the range of exceptions thrown is normally documented. Custom exception classes can be defined for classes allowing handling to be put in place for
2264:
value; it is impossible to obtain a reference to a "dead" object (one that has been garbage collected), or to a random block of memory. An unsafe pointer can point to an instance of an unmanaged value type that does not contain any references to objects subject to garbage collections such as class
2110:
keyword to the last parameter. Certain specific kinds of methods, such as those that simply get or set a field's value by returning or assigning it, do not require an explicitly stated full signature, but in the general case, the definition of a class includes the full signature declaration of its
2824:
In contrast, reference types have the notion of referential identity, meaning that each instance of a reference type is inherently distinct from every other instance, even if the data within both instances is the same. This is reflected in default equality and inequality comparisons for reference
2276:
by freeing the programmer of responsibility for releasing memory that is no longer needed in most cases. Code that retains references to objects longer than is required can still experience higher memory usage than necessary, however once the final reference to an object is released the memory is
1862:
Its type system is split into two families: Value types, like the built-in numeric types and user-defined structs, which are automatically handed over as copies when used as parameters, and reference types, including arrays, instances of classes, and strings, which only hand over a pointer to the
5019:
The Swift language is the product of tireless effort from a team of language experts, documentation gurus, compiler optimization ninjas, and an incredibly important internal dogfooding group who provided feedback to help refine and battle-test ideas. Of course, it also greatly benefited from the
7733:
Microsoft, on behalf of itself and its
Subsidiaries (collectively "Microsoft"), hereby covenants not to sue Novell's Customers and Novell's Subsidiaries' Customers for infringement under Covered Patents of Microsoft on account of such a Customer's use of specific copies of a Covered Product as
4314:, compiles into intermediate language (IL), and the second one, RyuJIT, is a JIT (just-in-time) compiler, which is dynamic and does on-the-fly optimization and compiles the IL into native code for the front-end of the CPU. RyuJIT is open source and written in C++. Roslyn is entirely written in
2089:
if no value is returned), the name of the method, and finally, a parenthesized sequence of comma-separated parameter specifications, each consisting of a parameter's type, its formal name and optionally, a default value to be used whenever none is provided. Different from most other languages,
4370:
project (now discontinued) also provided an open-source C# compiler, a nearly complete implementation of the Common
Language Infrastructure including the required framework libraries as they appear in the ECMA specification, and subset of some of the remaining Microsoft proprietary .NET class
4332:, a Microsoft-sponsored project provides an open-source C# compiler, a complete open-source implementation of the CLI (including the required framework libraries as they appear in the ECMA specification,) and a nearly complete implementation of the NET class libraries up to .NET Framework 3.5.
2762:
Instances of value types neither have referential identity nor referential comparison semantics. Equality and inequality comparisons for value types compare the actual data values within the instances, unless the corresponding operators are overloaded. Value types are derived from
2136:
in C# allow programmers to use static methods as if they were methods from a class's method table, allowing programmers to virtually add instance methods to a class that they feel should exist on that kind of objects (and instances of the respective derived classes).
2197:. The properties can be simple accessor functions with a backing field, or implement arbitrary getter and setter functions. A property is read-only if there's no setter. Like with fields, there can be class and instance properties. The underlying methods can be
4229:). ECMA had previously adopted equivalent specifications as the 2nd edition of C#, in December 2002. In June 2005, ECMA approved edition 3 of the C# specification, and updated ECMA-334. Additions included partial classes, anonymous methods, nullable types, and
941:, the originator of Java, called C# an "imitation" of Java; Gosling further said that " sort of Java with reliability, productivity and security deleted." In July 2000, Hejlsberg said that C# is "not a Java clone" and is "much closer to C++" in its design.
2047:
Source generators, a feature of the Roslyn C# compiler, enable compile time metaprogramming. During the compilation process, developers can inspect the code being compiled with the compiler's API and pass additional generated C# source code to be
864:
Object
Oriented Language". Microsoft had considered keeping the name "Cool" as the final name of the language, but chose not to do so for trademark reasons. By the time the .NET project was publicly announced at the July 2000
944:
Since the release of C# 2.0 in
November 2005, the C# and Java languages have evolved on increasingly divergent trajectories, becoming two quite different languages. One of the first major departures came with the addition of
981:
that is included in common tasks like querying a database, parsing an xml file, or searching through a data structure, shifting the emphasis onto the actual program logic to help improve readability and maintainability.
1961:
The C# language does not allow for global variables or functions. All methods and members must be declared within classes. Static members of public classes can substitute for global variables and functions.
2016:. Attributes are accessible both to the compiler and to code through reflection. Many of native attributes duplicate the functionality of GCC's and VisualC++'s platform-dependent preprocessor directives.
2260:, and programs with unsafe code need appropriate permissions to run. Most object access is done through safe object references, which always either point to a "live" object or have the well-defined
13151:
11476:
7263:
7385:
39:
7509:
2992:
In addition to the standard CLI specifications, there are many commercial and community class libraries that build on top of the .NET framework libraries to provide additional functionality.
6902:
5246:
7781:
2126:
when doing so. This is supposed to avoid confusion between overriding and newly overloading a function (i.e. hiding the former implementation). To do the latter, you have to specify the
1863:
respective object. Due to their special handling of the equality operator, strings will nevertheless behave as if they were values, for all practical purposes. You can even use them as
6646:
2981:
The C# specification details a minimum set of types and class libraries that the compiler expects to have available. In practice, C# is most often used with some implementation of the
6739:
4754:
We all stand on the shoulders of giants here and every language builds on what went before it so we owe a lot to C, C++, Java, Delphi, all of these other things that came before us. (
5472:
5926:
8000:
1000:
for review, under ISO/IEC 23270:2003, was withdrawn and was then approved under ISO/IEC 23270:2006. The 23270:2006 is withdrawn under 23270:2018 and approved with this version.
6989:
7072:
1008:
Microsoft first used the name C# in 1988 for a variant of the C language designed for incremental compilation. That project was not completed, and the name was later reused.
7650:
2337:" (fully abstract classes). This was a design decision by the language's lead architect to avoid complications and to simplify architectural requirements throughout CLI.
6677:
6932:
5584:
1994:, where each node is an expression that can be inspected or executed. This enables dynamic modification of executable code at runtime. Expression trees introduce some
1906:
to be an int, or a pointer. C# disallows this "integer meaning true or false" approach, on the grounds that forcing programmers to use expressions that return exactly
1088:)) was chosen to approximate the sharp symbol in the written name of the programming language. This convention is reflected in the ECMA-334 C# Language Specification.
5079:
4275:). However, Novell maintained that Mono does not infringe any Microsoft patents. Microsoft also made a specific agreement not to enforce patent rights related to the
1482:
7558:
4620:
1572:
7144:
8235:
5640:
5554:
4237:). In July 2005, ECMA submitted to ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22, via the latter's Fast-Track process, the standards and related TRs. This process usually takes 6–9 months.
7094:
5020:
experiences hard-won by many other languages in the field, drawing ideas from
Objective-C, Rust, Haskell, Ruby, Python, C#, CLU, and far too many others to list.
4833:
1236:
1211:
6858:
5690:
4271:
products against Novell's paying customers with the exception of a list of products that do not explicitly mention C#, .NET or Novell's implementation of .NET (
9537:
6227:
6167:
6107:
6047:
4731:
4263:
Microsoft initially agreed not to sue open-source developers for violating patents in non-profit projects for the part of the framework that is covered by the
1279:
8096:
Novák, István; Velvart, Andras; Granicz, Adam; Balássy, György; Hajdrik, Attila; Sellers, Mitchel; Hillar, Gastón C.; Molnár, Ágnes; Kanjilal, Joydip (2010).
7481:
7294:
6708:
6528:
6468:
6408:
6348:
6287:
5224:
2311:. Depending on your plans, the "catch" or the "finally" part can be left out, and there can be several "catch" parts handling different kinds of exceptions.
2036:
provides API access to language compilation services, allowing for the compilation of C# code from within .NET applications. It exposes APIs for syntactic (
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5273:
1322:
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libraries up to .NET 2.0 (those not documented or included in the ECMA specification, but included in
Microsoft's standard .NET Framework distribution).
6017:
5752:
2340:
When implementing multiple interfaces that contain a method with the same name and taking parameters of the same type in the same order (i.e. the same
7850:
735:(software framework), all of which support C# and are free, open-source, and cross-platform. Mono also joined Microsoft but was not merged into .NET.
7503:
5956:
4956:
4718:
Although C# has been strongly influenced by Java it has also been strongly influenced by C++ and is best viewed as a descendant of both C++ and Java.
6769:
4680:"CoreCLR is the runtime for .NET Core. It includes the garbage collector, JIT compiler, primitive data types and low-level classes.: dotnet/coreclr"
13016:
10983:
8556:
7712:
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in generic types, unlike C++ which has some degree of support for contravariance simply through the semantics of return types on virtual methods.
13471:
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is the operation of converting a value of a reference type (previously boxed) into a value of a value type. Unboxing in C# requires an explicit
2416:
LINQ has two syntaxes: query syntax and method syntax. However, the compiler always converts the query syntax to method syntax at compile time.
2061:
in C# is a member of a class that can be invoked as a function (a sequence of instructions), rather than the mere value-holding capability of a
1894:
operator, such as the
Boolean type. While C++ also has a Boolean type, it can be freely converted to and from integers, and expressions such as
13461:
10488:
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7754:
7619:
7420:
6791:
6318:
6257:
5986:
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4538:
Language versions 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 are available as ISO/IEC 23270. Beginning with version 7.0, the specification is available as ISO/IEC 20619
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4218:
957:
performed at class-load time. Furthermore, C# has added several major features to accommodate functional-style programming, culminating in the
685:
17:
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7011:
5722:
5532:
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9566:
6638:
7806:
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5809:
5369:
5339:
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types, which test for referential rather than structural equality, unless the corresponding operators are overloaded (such as the case for
7690:
6571:
10710:
8546:
8193:
5476:
5113:
4424:
4257:
2102:, the latter allowing handing over an uninitialized variable which will have a definite value on return. Additionally, you can specify a
7450:
5934:
5873:
5144:
13426:
12470:
9530:
7992:
5896:
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are not present in C# (in contrast to Java). This has been a conscious decision based on the issues of scalability and versionability.
2272:
Managed memory cannot be explicitly freed; instead, it is automatically garbage collected. Garbage collection addresses the problem of
11680:
8033:
3361:
3017:
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13375:
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11705:
11496:
11491:
11337:
8551:
4249:
4222:
2382:
2381:), has to implement a certain interface, has to be a reference type, has to be a value type, has to implement a public parameterless
689:
6985:
4547:
The
Microsoft C# 2.0 specification document only contains the new 2.0 features. For older features, use the 1.2 specification above.
1839:(CIL), or generate any other specific format. Some C# compilers can also generate machine code like traditional compilers of C++ or
977:, when it is advantageous to their application. The LINQ extensions and the functional imports help developers reduce the amount of
13451:
11503:
8593:
7910:
7064:
5844:
5787:
5449:
5422:
4576:
7642:
7169:
Zhang, Xue Dong; Teng, Zi Mu; Zhao, Dong Wang (September 2014). "Research of the
Database Access Technology Under.NET Framework".
1219:
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9857:
8221:
5305:
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394:
5663:
12825:
12036:
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3201:
The curly brackets demarcate the boundaries of a code block. In this first instance, they are marking the start and end of the
2334:
1783:
are used to group statements. Statements are commonly grouped into methods (functions), methods into classes, and classes into
861:
7970:
6669:
5606:
12465:
10398:
9523:
8067:
7940:
6924:
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2893:
is the operation of converting a value-type object into a value of a corresponding reference type. Boxing in C# is implicit.
1274:
810:
770:
242:
4529:
334 standard states: "The name C# is written as the LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C (U+0043) followed by the NUMBER SIGN # (U+0023)."
3300:
1702:
1440:
1206:
13126:
12105:
11906:
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10403:
10373:
9475:
9184:
8203:
6880:
5066:
4802:
1674:
1476:
1393:
1387:
1200:
1037:, where "++" indicates that a variable should be incremented by 1 after being evaluated. The sharp symbol also resembles a
662:
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1646:
1615:
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1548:
1520:
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4908:
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87:
67:
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The core syntax of the C# language is similar to that of other C-style languages such as C, C++ and Java, particularly:
1091:
The "sharp" suffix has been used by a number of other .NET languages that are variants of existing languages, including
738:
As of November 2023, the most recent stable version of the language is C# 12.0, which was released in 2023 in .NET 8.0.
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For code written as C# 8 or lower, the entry point logic of a program must be written in a Main method inside a type:
1987:
is supported through .NET APIs, which enable scenarios such as type metadata inspection and dynamic method invocation.
1933:
by default are those that are considered safe, such as widening of integers. This is enforced at compile-time, during
12211:
11277:
10301:
8924:
8177:
8154:
8086:
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876:
Hejlsberg is C#'s principal designer and lead architect at Microsoft, and was previously involved with the design of
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6159:
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4741:
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instances, arrays or strings. Code that is not marked as unsafe can still store and manipulate pointers through the
831:
requirements, the language was not intended to compete directly on performance and size with C or assembly language.
12216:
11841:
11013:
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9009:
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parameters have to be marked both at the function definition and at the calling site, and you can choose between
619:
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11936:
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8505:
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8244:
5529:"Technical committees - JTC 1/SC 22 - Programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces"
4683:
4419:
4322:
4241:
4206:
3013:
2982:
2639:
2348:, C# allows both a single method to cover all interfaces and if necessary specific methods for each interface.
2167:, C# has semantics specifically surrounding publish-subscribe style events, though C# uses delegates to do so.
2077:, the signature of a method is a declaration comprising in order: any optional accessibility keywords (such as
1832:
1818:
1768:
1108:
950:
529:
509:
493:
433:
254:
4657:
4654:"The Roslyn .NET compiler provides C# and Visual Basic languages with rich code analysis APIs.: dotnet/roslyn"
3152:
namespace, meaning it can be used without supplying the full name of the type (which includes the namespace).
757:
The language, and implementations thereof, should provide support for software engineering principles such as
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A unified type system implies that all types, including primitives such as integers, are subclasses of the
2023:
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222:
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903:. In interviews and technical papers, he has stated that flaws in most major programming languages (e.g.
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541:
533:
517:
513:
505:
457:
445:
173:
79:
7807:"Covenant to Downstream Recipients of Moonlight - Microsoft & Novell Interoperability Collaboration"
7720:
4282:
A decade later, Microsoft began developing free, open-source, and cross-platform tooling for C#, namely
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of four "+" symbols (in a two-by-two grid), further implying that the language is an increment of C++.
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This declares the class member method where the program begins execution. The .NET runtime calls the
2394:
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keyword, which tells the compiler that the method can be called from anywhere by any class. Writing
2617:
Though primarily an imperative language, C# always adds functional features over time, for example:
2377:. There are certain kinds of constraints you can specify for the type parameters: Has to be type X (
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is used for the second character in normal text; in artistic representations, sometimes a true
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allows for run-time method binding, allowing for JavaScript-like method calls and run-time
1991:
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through the .NET Framework. A developer can query a variety of data sources, provided the
973:. These features enable C# programmers to use functional programming techniques, such as
8:
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4.0 but it becomes popular when C# 7.0 introduced a new tuple type with language support
1823:
Some notable features of C# that distinguish it from C, C++, and Java where noted, are:
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has implemented an optional C# module thanks to a donation of $ 24,000 from Microsoft.
4283:
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2145:
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1303:
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1247:
1224:
1179:
962:
845:
724:
681:
405:
315:
249:
137:
7713:"Patent Cooperation Agreement - Microsoft & Novell Interoperability Collaboration"
5313:
4971:
4934:
4708:
Naugler, David (May 2007). "C# 2.0 for C++ and Java programmer: conference workshop".
12251:
10715:
9369:
9301:
9154:
9109:
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8424:
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8143:
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4955:
In my opinion, it is C# that has caused these radical changes to the Java language. (
4898:
4859:"Web Languages and VMs: Fast Code is Always in Fashion. (V8, Dart) - Google I/O 2013"
4356:
4291:
2256:
In C#, memory address pointers can only be used within blocks specifically marked as
2119:
2103:
2070:
2033:
1875:
1831:
By design, C# is the programming language that most directly reflects the underlying
953:
to provide "first-class" generic objects that can be used like any other class, with
912:
884:
728:
269:
237:
7186:
4591:
2809:(identifies a specific point in time with nanosecond precision). Other examples are
12901:
11449:
11190:
10518:
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9626:
9561:
9436:
8974:
8682:
8672:
7962:
7174:
4755:
4311:
2693:
2687:
2642:– C# 2 together with anonymous delegates and C# 3 together with lambdas expressions
2178:
2152:
2037:
1938:
1864:
990:
978:
966:
938:
857:
828:
821:
704:. At the time, Microsoft had no open-source products. Four years later, in 2004, a
669:
634:
576:
335:
261:
125:
9515:
7932:
3162:
This line is a comment; it describes and documents the code for the programmer(s).
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12059:
11780:
11685:
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11367:
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11357:
10842:
10805:
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8385:
8213:
8166:
7194:
4921:
4912:
4902:
4329:
4272:
4198:
2900:
2681:
2211:
2013:
1977:
1951:
1801:
1576:
1128:
1045:
827:
Although C# applications are intended to be economical with regard to memory and
817:
762:
709:
371:
287:
120:
7240:
7217:
4806:
4170:
that contains the message "Hello, World!" instead of writing it to the console.
860:
formed a team to build a new language at the time called Cool, which stood for "
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10907:
10770:
10760:
10755:
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10745:
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8647:
8495:
8455:
8359:
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8311:
8306:
4488:
4414:
3185:
class. Everything that follows between the pair of braces describes that class.
2675:
2645:
2413:
types, implicitly typed variables, extension methods, and object initializers.
2341:
2215:
2066:
2027:
1780:
1762:
1096:
970:
841:
713:
693:
383:
230:
214:
7343:
7316:
5393:"Deep Inside C#: An Interview with Microsoft Chief Architect Anders Hejlsberg"
4906:
2385:. Most of them can be combined, and you can specify any number of interfaces.
2114:
Like C++, and unlike Java, C# programmers must use the scope modifier keyword
1851:
C# supports strongly, implicitly typed variable declarations with the keyword
1044:
Due to technical limits of display (standard fonts, browsers, etc.), and most
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11508:
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8657:
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4348:
2484:// Query syntax (SELECT num FROM numbers WHERE num % 2 = 0 ORDER BY num)
2261:
1995:
1172:
1059:
1030:
1022:
926:
773:. Software robustness, durability, and programmer productivity are important.
697:
555:
469:
210:
7037:
4846:
It's heavily inspired by Ruby, and other languages (like C#, Go and Python).
4777:
4166:
This example is similar to the previous example, except that it generates a
1095:(a .NET language also designed by Microsoft that is derived from Java 1.1),
676:. It was first widely distributed in July 2000 and was later approved as an
13301:
13281:
13001:
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11996:
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10695:
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10605:
10563:
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10438:
10433:
10261:
10069:
9809:
9717:
9114:
8934:
8879:
8874:
8490:
7145:"Classes/Type Parameter constraints, part of the official C# documentation"
5633:"My History of Visual Studio (Part 1) – Rico Mariani's Performance Tidbits"
4890:
4473:
4453:
4315:
4185:
This will create an image that is identical to that stored in "Image.png".
3402:
3357:
2409:
1112:
900:
877:
849:
816:
C# is intended to be suitable for writing applications for both hosted and
473:
453:
9591:
6820:"Method parameters/params modifier, part of the official C# documentation"
5581:"ISO/IEC 23270:2006 - Information technology - Programming languages - C#"
5473:"Why functional programming and LINQ is often better than procedural code"
1808:, both to declare them and to get a value at a given index in one of them.
949:
to both languages, with vastly different implementations. C# makes use of
12876:
12668:
12638:
12631:
12626:
11971:
11668:
11663:
11658:
11242:
11159:
10131:
9681:
9333:
9064:
8919:
8884:
8707:
8662:
5555:"ISO/IEC 23270:2003 - Information technology - C# Language Specification"
4905:), after they were introduced in the similar (and competing) C# language
4518:
4463:
4360:
4352:
2903:. A boxed object of type T can only be unboxed to a T (or a nullable T).
2273:
1926:
1791:
1354:
1314:
1262:
1144:
1140:
1068:
791:
282:
273:
205:
35:
12164:
7095:"Expressions/Overload resolution, part of the official C# documentation"
2401:
interface is implemented on the object. This includes XML documents, an
13246:
13171:
13086:
13026:
12330:
11961:
11866:
11573:
11548:
11312:
11267:
11003:
10660:
10473:
10366:
10361:
10356:
10316:
10291:
10166:
9922:
9772:
9756:
9748:
9399:
9374:
9349:
8904:
8816:
8796:
8771:
8480:
8475:
8434:
5607:"SO/IEC 23270:2018 Information technology — Programming languages — C#"
4340:
4167:
3327:, but any instance would require a program. To avoid that irresolvable
2699:
1784:
795:
545:
7012:"Exception-handling statements, part of the official C# documentation"
6543:
2122:
by subclasses. Unlike C++, you have to explicitly specify the keyword
692:(ISO/IEC 23270 and 20619) in 2003. Microsoft introduced C# along with
13359:
13136:
13071:
12860:
12855:
12850:
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12820:
12815:
12805:
12800:
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12755:
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12700:
12695:
12690:
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12663:
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12648:
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12606:
12601:
12596:
12591:
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12576:
12566:
12551:
12546:
12541:
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12130:
12125:
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12041:
11991:
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11836:
11816:
11811:
11806:
11755:
11700:
11695:
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11653:
11633:
11588:
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11513:
11481:
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11409:
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8470:
7810:
7750:
7716:
6642:
5783:
5726:
4624:
4287:
4194:
4182:
library, which is used to programmatically draw images. For example:
3417:, which displays on the console a line with the argument, the string
3012:
The following is a very simple C# program, a version of the classic "
1189:
1124:
916:
673:
278:
143:
129:
4679:
4394:
4205:
co-sponsored the submission of specifications for C# as well as the
3405:, and error streams for console applications. The program calls the
723:
for the C# programming language. A decade later, Microsoft released
54:
13211:
12785:
12765:
12725:
12680:
12611:
12556:
11765:
11543:
11247:
11075:
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10902:
10887:
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10635:
10600:
10595:
10578:
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10553:
10548:
10543:
10538:
10533:
10523:
10508:
10498:
10493:
10483:
10468:
10463:
10453:
10448:
10443:
10428:
10423:
10418:
10413:
10408:
10393:
10378:
10351:
10346:
10341:
10336:
10331:
10326:
10321:
10311:
10306:
10286:
10281:
10271:
10266:
10256:
10251:
10241:
10236:
10231:
10206:
10196:
10089:
9992:
9987:
9982:
9977:
9972:
9967:
9962:
9957:
9952:
9653:
9444:
9359:
9169:
9129:
9054:
9039:
8994:
8776:
8766:
8485:
8208:
7318:
The functional journey of C# - Mads Torgersen - NDC Copenhagen 2022
6593:
LakshanF; agocke; Rick-Anderson; et al. (September 12, 2023).
6592:
5361:
4653:
4321:
Other C# compilers (some of which include an implementation of the
2369:, i.e. classes with arbitrary or constrained type parameters, e.g.
2005:
1026:
934:
888:
716:
465:
8601:
1021:
The name "C sharp" was inspired by the musical notation whereby a
750:
The language is intended to be a simple, modern, general-purpose,
13236:
13201:
13191:
12760:
12673:
12320:
12310:
12054:
11846:
11831:
11628:
11618:
11608:
11384:
11200:
11045:
11033:
10191:
10186:
10181:
10176:
10171:
10156:
10151:
10146:
10141:
10136:
10099:
10054:
10049:
10034:
10029:
10024:
9276:
9194:
9164:
9094:
9069:
8949:
8869:
8806:
8515:
8500:
4863:
4458:
4295:
4279:, which depends on Mono, provided it is obtained through Novell.
2402:
2373:, a variable-sized array which only can contain elements of type
1840:
1184:
1092:
896:
892:
870:
525:
501:
489:
449:
437:
12496:
7120:"Types/Constructed Types, part of the official C# documentation"
2797:(fixed-point numbers useful for handling currency amounts), and
2696:– C# 7.2 readonly struct C# 9 record types and Init only setters
2073:). As in other syntactically similar languages, such as C++ and
1011:
961:
extensions released with C# 3.0 and its supporting framework of
869:, the language had been renamed C#, and the class libraries and
13266:
13261:
13256:
13166:
13106:
13096:
13091:
13081:
13041:
12991:
12387:
12355:
12239:
11916:
11901:
11896:
11891:
11563:
11538:
11466:
11322:
11307:
11287:
11282:
11227:
11220:
11215:
11210:
11105:
11070:
10917:
10568:
10383:
9947:
9674:
9648:
9449:
9317:
9074:
9049:
8914:
8864:
8390:
4915:
4468:
4367:
4268:
4267:. Microsoft has also agreed not to enforce patents relating to
2074:
986:
387:
297:
7794:
We maintain that Mono does not infringe any Microsoft patents.
5778:
Simon, Raphael; Stapf, Emmanuel; Meyer, Bertrand (June 2002).
1941:
and conversion operators, which are both implicit by default.
996:
C# was originally submitted to the ISO/IEC JTC 1 subcommittee
585:
13116:
12996:
12986:
12981:
12971:
12881:
12810:
12295:
12285:
12256:
12234:
11951:
11926:
11648:
11533:
11404:
11185:
11050:
10922:
10897:
10892:
10872:
10246:
10216:
10211:
9932:
9917:
9907:
9902:
9669:
9664:
9389:
9364:
9271:
9199:
9089:
8751:
4522:
4310:
reference C# compilers and set of tools. The first compiler,
4202:
3442:
data structures with more efficient, type-safe alternatives.
2882:
Both type categories are extensible with user-defined types.
2671:
2326:
1136:
1119:
language is now supported. The suffix has also been used for
1034:
904:
803:
421:
291:
6732:"Microsoft's Roslyn: Reinventing the compiler as we know it"
5443:
923:(CLR), which, in turn, drove the design of the C# language.
668:
The principal inventors of the C# programming language were
596:
425:
401:
13141:
13056:
12653:
12377:
11598:
11461:
11454:
11120:
11065:
10665:
10276:
9814:
9384:
9214:
8939:
8839:
8354:
7673:"Unlocking the Power of C# Generics: A Comprehensive Guide"
6837:"Classes/properties, part of the official C# documentation"
5002:
4253:
3360:. (Note, however, that short programs can be written using
3157:// A version of the classic "Hello World" program
1795:
732:
367:
305:
8095:
8077:
Archer, Tom (2001). "Part 2, Chapter 4: The Type System".
7231:
Sheldon, William (November 2010). "New Features in LINQ".
6549:
2081:), the explicit specification of its return type (such as
1910:
can prevent certain types of programming mistakes such as
593:
12835:
12412:
12382:
12085:
11775:
10827:
9632:
9281:
9084:
6891:
4343:
includes RemObjects C#, which compiles C# code to .NET's
3598:
2022:
namespace, which contains classes that emit metadata and
1132:
301:
4363:, and native machine code for Windows, macOS, and Linux.
3118:
This code will display this text in the console window:
6792:"Classes/fields, part of the official C# documentation"
5172:
5170:
5168:
5166:
5164:
5162:
2636:– C# 2 anonymous delegates and C# 3 lambdas expressions
2214:
of auto-implemented properties is available, where the
7532:
7530:
7528:
7526:
6956:"Unsafe code, pointers to data, and function pointers"
6639:"Types/General, part of the official C# documentation"
3148:
class used later in the source code is defined in the
2248:. Namespaces can be imported with the "using" syntax.
1890:, require an expression of a type that implements the
8140:
7208:
Otey, Michael (February 2006). "LINQ to the Future".
5835:
Hejlsberg, Anders; Torgersen, Mads (April 30, 2007).
1777:
Semicolons are used to denote the end of a statement.
820:, ranging from the very large that use sophisticated
608:
582:
579:
409:
9865:
6899:"Auto-Implemented Properties (C# Programming Guide)"
6564:"Compiling Apps with .NET Native - UWP applications"
5159:
5040:
5038:
5036:
5034:
5032:
5030:
5028:
4390:
3401:
namespace. It provides an interface to the standard
2855:(the ultimate base class for all other C# classes),
2234:
provides the same level of code isolation as a Java
1969:
variables of the enclosing block, unlike C and C++.
824:, down to the very small having dedicated functions.
599:
9545:
8141:Drayton, Peter; Albahari, Ben; Neward, Ted (2002).
7523:
4703:
4701:
4227:
Information technology — Programming languages — C#
3321:otherwise the program would require an instance of
3303:makes the method accessible without an instance of
2388:
746:The Ecma standard lists these design goals for C#:
590:
8243:
8165:
8142:
6561:
5834:
5505:. Blogs.msdn.com. January 29, 2004. Archived from
5247:"What language was ASP.Net originally written in?"
4889:Java 5.0 added several new language features (the
2008:that can be attached to types, members, or entire
1115:was called Eiffel#, a name retired since the full
6001:
5265:
5025:
3335:(like that above) report an error if there is no
2995:C# can make calls to any library included in the
2306:do something whether or not an exception occurred
1025:indicates that the written note should be made a
13388:
6885:modifier, part of the official C# documentation"
5810:"What's new in the C# 2.0 Language and Compiler"
4698:
4188:
2333:, although a class can implement any number of "
2044:, dynamic compilation to CIL, and code emission.
7036:Venners, Bill; Eckel, Bruce (August 18, 2003).
6521:"Visual Studio 2022 version 17.6 Release Notes"
6461:"Visual Studio 2022 version 17.4 Release Notes"
6401:"Visual Studio 2022 version 17.0 Release Notes"
6341:"Visual Studio 2019 version 16.8 Release Notes"
6280:"Visual Studio 2019 version 16.3 Release Notes"
6220:"Visual Studio 2017 version 15.7 Release Notes"
6160:"Visual Studio 2017 version 15.5 Release Notes"
6100:"Visual Studio 2017 version 15.3 Release Notes"
6040:"Visual Studio 2017 version 15.0 Release Notes"
5777:
4723:
4379:uses C# as its primary scripting language. The
1855:, and implicitly typed arrays with the keyword
776:The language is intended for use in developing
7371:
7369:
5864:
5862:
5444:Don Box and Anders Hejlsberg (February 2007).
2751:CTS separates data types into two categories:
12512:
12180:
9851:
9531:
8587:
8229:
7778:"Novell Answers Questions from the Community"
7256:"Query Syntax and Method Syntax in LINQ (C#)"
7235:. Vol. 12, no. 11. pp. 37–40.
7168:
6831:
6829:
5745:
5715:
2648:– C# 3 with implicitly typed local variables
1867:labels. Where necessary, value types will be
7378:"Anonymous functions - C# Programming Guide"
7284:
7035:
4306:Microsoft is leading the development of the
2244:, with very similar rules and features to a
8209:C# Compiler Platform ("Roslyn") source code
7799:
7366:
7212:. Vol. 8, no. 2. pp. 17–21.
7179:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.644-650.3077
6623:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
5933:. Microsoft. March 26, 2012. Archived from
5927:"An Introduction to New Features in C# 5.0"
5897:"Future directions for C# and Visual Basic"
5859:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5055:
5053:
4994:
4827:
4776:. Cray Inc. October 1, 2015. Archived from
4258:reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing
4213:. In December 2001, ECMA released ECMA-334
3364:introduced in C# 9, as mentioned earlier.)
2746:
1882:. Statements that take conditions, such as
13467:Programming languages with an ISO standard
12519:
12505:
12453:
12187:
12173:
9858:
9844:
9538:
9524:
8594:
8580:
8236:
8222:
8021:
7687:"Patent Pledge for Open Source Developers"
7471:
7253:
6826:
6729:
5557:. Iso.org. August 23, 2006. Archived from
5384:
4926:
4821:
2734:class. For example, every type inherits a
2408:+ Using LINQ in C# brings advantages like
1812:
1162:
1033:. This is similar to the language name of
180:
13376:International Electrotechnical Commission
12194:
7837:
7835:
6562:stevewhims; mattwojo (October 20, 2022).
6007:
5894:
5688:
4932:
4710:Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges
4618:
2985:(CLI), which is standardized as ECMA-335
2702:– C# 12 roles/extensions (in development)
2612:
798:, especially those already familiar with
8098:Visual Studio 2010 and .NET 4 Six-in-One
8081:. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Press.
8057:
8022:Etcheverry, Ignacio (October 21, 2017).
7775:
5895:Hejlsberg, Anders (September 15, 2011).
5360:
5271:
5176:
5050:
4729:
4294:. Mono joined Microsoft as a project of
4152:"Is almost the same argument!"
3140:The above line imports all types in the
2052:
1010:
672:, Scott Wiltamuth, and Peter Golde from
8163:
7548:
7230:
6986:"How to create user-defined exceptions"
6595:"Native AOT deployment overview - .NET"
5876:from the original on September 29, 2012
5630:
5535:from the original on September 27, 2012
5328:
5104:Dollard, Kathleen (November 14, 2023).
5103:
5000:
4763:
4707:
4225:standard in 2003 (ISO/IEC 23270:2003 -
2787:(a 32-bit IEEE floating-point number),
993:). It was retired on January 29, 2004.
14:
13472:Statically typed programming languages
13389:
8076:
7883:from the original on December 23, 2017
7832:
7640:
7622:from the original on September 5, 2020
7609:
7536:
7407:
7405:
7403:
7375:
7062:
7044:from the original on February 18, 2015
6953:
6698:
6667:
6605:from the original on November 11, 2023
6321:from the original on September 5, 2020
6308:
6260:from the original on September 6, 2020
5957:"Languages features in C# 6 and VB 14"
5903:. BUILD2011. Microsoft. Archived from
5691:"The A-Z of Programming Languages: C#"
5661:
5470:
5446:"LINQ: .NET Language-Integrated Query"
5390:
5274:"The A-Z of Programming Languages: C#"
5218:
5147:from the original on November 19, 2023
5116:from the original on November 18, 2023
5009:from the original on December 25, 2018
4871:from the original on December 21, 2021
4836:from the original on December 25, 2018
4803:"Rich Hickey Q&A by Michael Fogus"
4732:"The A-Z of Programming Languages: C#"
4660:from the original on February 22, 2021
4648:
4646:
4612:
4425:Comparison of C# and Visual Basic .NET
2885:
2867:(a string of Unicode characters), and
2654:and C# 9 target-typed new expressions
2289:The syntax for handling exceptions is
2269:type, but it cannot dereference them.
2216:accessor (getter) and mutator (setter)
1990:Expression trees represent code as an
1859:followed by a collection initializer.
13462:Programming languages created in 2000
12500:
12168:
9839:
9519:
8575:
8217:
8168:Programming Microsoft Windows with C#
8114:
8036:from the original on October 26, 2018
7993:"Mitigation: New 64-bit JIT Compiler"
7776:Steinman, Justin (November 7, 2006).
7757:from the original on November 4, 2012
7693:from the original on December 7, 2017
7065:"Operator overloading - C# reference"
7038:"The Trouble with Checked Exceptions"
6992:from the original on January 26, 2021
6905:from the original on October 29, 2020
6730:McAllister, Neil (October 20, 2011).
6574:from the original on October 27, 2023
6381:from the original on February 8, 2022
6140:from the original on December 1, 2017
6080:from the original on October 10, 2017
5689:Hejlsberg, Anders (October 1, 2008).
5587:from the original on December 6, 2010
5044:
4982:from the original on January 26, 2019
4933:Cornelius, Barry (December 1, 2005).
4686:from the original on October 14, 2019
2997:List of .NET libraries and frameworks
2715:. This unified type system is called
2706:
2159:. Like the Qt framework's pseudo-C++
1611:
1318:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1157:
30:The correct title of this article is
13457:Multi-paradigm programming languages
9476:Microsoft Open Specification Promise
9185:Text Template Transformation Toolkit
8606:free and open-source software (FOSS)
7943:from the original on August 13, 2022
7913:from the original on January 9, 2019
7843:"The RyuJIT transition is complete!"
7813:. September 28, 2007. Archived from
7207:
6861:from the original on August 30, 2018
6441:from the original on August 15, 2022
5931:The Microsoft MVP Award Program Blog
5755:. Microsoft Research. Archived from
5452:from the original on August 24, 2011
5425:from the original on August 26, 2011
5399:from the original on January 9, 2010
5372:from the original on August 14, 2023
5342:from the original on August 14, 2023
5200:from the original on October 6, 2021
5134:
4619:Torgersen, Mads (October 27, 2008).
4207:Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)
2987:Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)
2286:particular circumstances as needed.
13397:C Sharp programming language family
7973:from the original on April 23, 2020
7653:from the original on August 5, 2021
7643:"Main() and command-line arguments"
7512:from the original on April 28, 2023
7423:from the original on August 6, 2020
7400:
7388:from the original on April 15, 2021
7297:from the original on April 28, 2023
6935:from the original on April 14, 2019
6711:from the original on April 28, 2023
6649:from the original on March 29, 2024
6531:from the original on August 6, 2023
6471:from the original on August 6, 2023
6351:from the original on April 20, 2023
6290:from the original on April 20, 2023
6230:from the original on April 20, 2023
6170:from the original on April 20, 2023
6110:from the original on March 21, 2023
6050:from the original on April 20, 2023
6020:from the original on April 11, 2017
5993:. December 21, 2016. Archived from
5780:"Full Eiffel on the .NET Framework"
5662:Kovacs, James (September 7, 2007).
5272:Hamilton, Naomi (October 1, 2008).
5249:. November 28, 2006. Archived from
5219:Zander, Jason (November 22, 2007).
5085:from the original on April 21, 2021
4730:Hamilton, Naomi (October 1, 2008).
4643:
4579:from the original on April 24, 2023
4240:The C# language definition and the
3702:// Check if player is on the ground
2849:). Examples of reference types are
2218:encapsulate operations on a single
2034:The .NET Compiler Platform (Roslyn)
24:
8557:Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET
8134:
8003:from the original on April 5, 2018
7853:from the original on July 19, 2019
7784:from the original on July 16, 2013
7719:. November 2, 2006. Archived from
7591:from the original on July 14, 2019
7561:from the original on July 12, 2011
7075:from the original on June 24, 2021
6762:"Introducing C# Source Generators"
6742:from the original on March 5, 2022
6701:"System.Reflection.Emit Namespace"
6501:from the original on July 20, 2023
6411:from the original on July 16, 2023
6200:from the original on June 23, 2018
5847:from the original on June 25, 2014
5790:from the original on July 21, 2009
5637:Rico Mariani's Performance Tidbits
5227:from the original on July 29, 2020
5135:Seth, Gaurav (November 14, 2023).
4945:from the original on March 6, 2023
4828:Borenszweig, Ary (June 14, 2016).
4301:
2879:(a base class for all C# arrays).
2351:However, unlike Java, C# supports
2277:available for garbage collection.
2151:C# has support for strongly-typed
1972:
933:programming language in 1994, and
867:Professional Developers Conference
25:
13488:
13427:Class-based programming languages
12526:
8187:
7612:"What's new in C# 9.0 - C# Guide"
7508:, .NET Platform, April 28, 2023,
7484:from the original on May 19, 2023
7453:from the original on May 15, 2021
7354:from the original on May 19, 2023
7325:from the original on May 15, 2023
7266:from the original on May 23, 2023
7254:BillWagner (September 15, 2021).
6966:from the original on July 4, 2021
6680:from the original on May 15, 2021
6311:"What's new in C# 9.0 - C# Guide"
6008:Torgersen, Mads (March 9, 2017).
5643:from the original on May 27, 2018
5631:Mariani, Rico (October 5, 2009).
5419:"Generics (C# Programming Guide)"
4972:"Influences - The Rust Reference"
1980:can be achieved in several ways:
1902:is convertible to bool, allowing
1111:. The original implementation of
13417:High-level programming languages
12481:
12480:
12452:
12149:
12148:
9590:
9502:
9501:
9395:TPM 2.0 Reference Implementation
9230:Windows Communication Foundation
9005:Microsoft Automatic Graph Layout
8015:
7985:
7955:
7925:
7895:
7865:
7769:
7739:
7705:
7679:
7665:
7634:
7603:
7573:
7549:Lippert, Eric (March 19, 2009).
7542:
7496:
7465:
7435:
7336:
7309:
7278:
6925:"using directive - C# Reference"
6772:from the original on May 7, 2021
5872:. Danielmoth.com. May 13, 2007.
4393:
2630:– C# 1.0 together with delegates
2622:Functions as first-class citizen
2389:Language Integrated Query (LINQ)
2251:
2174:method calls, via the attribute
1954:members are placed in their own
1790:Variables are assigned using an
1336:.NET Framework 3.0 (Except LINQ)
1333:.NET Framework 2.0 (Except LINQ)
919:) drove the fundamentals of the
848:were originally written using a
629:. C# encompasses static typing,
575:
554:
53:
13452:Microsoft programming languages
9486:Open Source Security Foundation
9257:Windows Presentation Foundation
9000:Managed Extensibility Framework
7247:
7224:
7201:
7171:Applied Mechanics and Materials
7162:
7137:
7112:
7087:
7056:
7029:
7004:
6978:
6947:
6917:
6873:
6843:
6812:
6798:
6784:
6754:
6723:
6692:
6661:
6631:
6586:
6555:
6513:
6483:
6453:
6423:
6393:
6363:
6333:
6302:
6272:
6242:
6212:
6182:
6152:
6122:
6092:
6062:
6032:
5979:
5963:. dotnet/roslyn. Archived from
5949:
5919:
5888:
5828:
5802:
5771:
5682:
5655:
5624:
5599:
5573:
5547:
5521:
5491:
5464:
5437:
5411:
5391:Osborn, John (August 1, 2000).
5354:
5338:. CNET: CBS Interactive. 2002.
5298:
5239:
5212:
5182:
5128:
5097:
5001:Lattner, Chris (June 3, 2014).
4964:
4883:
4851:
4795:
4771:"Chapel spec (Acknowledgments)"
4573:"InfoQ eMag: A Preview of C# 7"
4541:
4532:
4511:
4484:Microsoft Visual Studio Express
4260:protection from patent claims.
2320:
873:runtime had been ported to C#.
765:, detection of attempts to use
741:
13477:Compiled programming languages
9572:Common Language Infrastructure
9140:Python Tools for Visual Studio
9100:Open Management Infrastructure
9010:Microsoft C++ Standard Library
8245:Common Language Infrastructure
7287:"The history of C# - C# Guide"
7285:erikdietrich (March 9, 2023).
5471:Mercer, Ian (April 15, 2010).
4672:
4565:
4502:
4323:Common Language Infrastructure
4209:to the standards organization
4178:Another useful library is the
3007:
2983:Common Language Infrastructure
2971:// Unboxed back to value type.
2793:(a 16-bit Unicode code unit),
2393:C# has the ability to utilize
2362:(a.k.a. ad-hoc-polymorphism).
1833:Common Language Infrastructure
1826:
1769:Syntax (programming languages)
840:During the development of the
255:Common Language Infrastructure
18:C sharp (programming language)
13:
1:
8204:ISO C# Language Specification
7555:Fabulous Adventures In Coding
7551:"Representation and Identity"
7474:"init keyword - C# Reference"
5583:. Iso.org. January 26, 2012.
4554:
4189:Standardization and licensing
3389:This line writes the output.
3315:entry point must be declared
3309:. Each console application's
2365:Since version 2.0, C# offers
2280:
2026:(types, assemblies, etc.) at
1946:covariance and contravariance
9427:Microsoft Reciprocal License
9105:Open Neural Network Exchange
9030:Microsoft Enterprise Library
8286:Platform Invocation Services
8269:Common Intermediate Language
8145:C# Language Pocket Reference
8119:(Fourth ed.). Manning.
8062:(First ed.). O'Reilly.
7472:BillWagner (June 30, 2022).
5870:"Using C# 3.0 from .NET 2.0"
5475:. abodit.com. Archived from
5221:"Couple of Historical Facts"
4559:
4345:Common Intermediate Language
3738:// Get Rigidbody2D component
3144:namespace. For example, the
3020:feature introduced in C# 9:
2976:
2405:dataset, and SQL databases.
2225:
2104:variable-sized argument list
1944:C# has explicit support for
1837:Common Intermediate Language
1796:two consecutive equals signs
784:in distributed environments.
7:
9205:Virtual File System for Git
9080:Neural Network Intelligence
9015:Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit
7873:"Managed Execution Process"
5841:Microsoft Developer Network
5812:. Microsoft. Archived from
4935:"Java 5 catches up with C#"
4401:Computer programming portal
4386:
4325:and .NET class libraries):
3687:// Reference to Rigidbody2D
3426:
3002:
2821:(user defined structures).
2781:(a signed 32-bit integer),
2188:
1150:
243:automatic memory management
156:; 24 years ago
10:
13493:
13422:.NET programming languages
9702:Holographic Versatile Disc
8051:
7505:The .NET Compiler Platform
5336:"Why Microsoft's C# isn't"
5003:"Chris Lattner's Homepage"
4830:"Crystal 0.18.0 released!"
4298:, a Microsoft subsidiary.
4265:Open Specification Promise
3430:
3331:, C# compilers processing
1816:
1766:
1760:
835:
376:Universal Windows Platform
34:. The substitution of the
29:
13368:
12869:
12534:
12448:
12225:
12202:
12144:
12068:
11794:
10946:
9895:
9877:
9823:
9802:
9781:
9726:
9710:
9641:
9607:Advanced Intelligent Tape
9599:
9588:
9554:
9499:
9458:
9435:
9412:
9355:Extensible Storage Engine
9342:
9310:
9235:Windows Driver Frameworks
9145:R Tools for Visual Studio
9020:Microsoft Design Language
8830:
8732:
8716:
8640:
8633:
8620:Microsoft and open source
8612:
8534:
8443:
8412:
8403:
8378:
8347:
8340:
8299:
8251:
8194:C# Language Specification
8164:Petzold, Charles (2002).
8058:Albahari, Joseph (2022).
8024:"Introducing C# in Godot"
5068:C# Language Specification
4525:is used: C♯. However the
4420:Comparison of C# and Java
4233:(somewhat similar to C++
4215:C# Language Specification
4173:
4134:"Hello, World!"
3420:"Hello, world!"
3418:
3412:
3406:
3396:
3395:is a static class in the
3390:
3381:"Hello, world!"
3351:
3345:
3336:
3322:
3316:
3310:
3304:
3273:
3272:is equivalent to writing
3249:
3243:
3242:method does not need the
3237:
3227:
3202:
3180:
3124:Each line has a purpose:
3104:"Hello, world!"
3046:"Hello, world!"
2868:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2826:
2816:
2810:
2798:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2764:
2735:
2723:
2655:
2649:
2239:
2193:C# supports classes with
1846:
1819:Comparison of C# and Java
1756:
1726:
1698:
1670:
1642:
1608:
1565:
1544:
1516:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1427:
1382:
1353:
1313:
1261:
1230:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1188:
1183:
1178:
989:called Andy (named after
733:the unified .NET platform
665:programming disciplines.
551:
484:
479:
420:
415:
400:
393:
362:
354:
330:
314:
260:
248:
236:
204:
200:
172:
168:
150:
136:
119:
109:
61:
52:
9481:Open Letter to Hobbyists
9422:Microsoft Public License
9320:(v1.25, v2.0 & v4.0)
9262:Windows Template Library
8960:Dynamic Language Runtime
8625:Shared Source Initiative
8547:C# and Visual Basic .NET
8291:Virtual Execution System
7344:"The Beauty of Closures"
6851:"virtual (C# Reference)"
6010:"New Features in C# 7.0"
5664:"C#/.NET History Lesson"
5366:"Microsoft's blind spot"
4920:January 7, 2006, at the
4621:"New features in C# 4.0"
4495:
4277:Moonlight browser plugin
4068:// Reset grounded status
3603:
3449:
3366:
3209:
3187:
3164:
3154:
3126:
3056:
3022:
2908:
2747:Categories of data types
2418:
2297:} catch (Exception ex) {
2179:mutually-exclusive locks
1048:lacking a sharp symbol (
856:(SMC). In January 1999,
8698:Windows Package Manager
8552:Java and .NET platforms
6670:"Expression Trees (C#)"
4911:March 19, 2011, at the
4430:.NET standard libraries
4256:standards that provide
4244:are standardized under
3786:// Get horizontal input
2944:// foo is boxed to bar.
2367:parametric polymorphism
2207:like any other method.
2118:to allow methods to be
1965:Local variables cannot
1813:Distinguishing features
1256:Visual Studio .NET 2003
1225:Visual Studio .NET 2002
1163:Language specification
1003:
921:Common Language Runtime
767:uninitialized variables
684:(ECMA-334) in 2002 and
187:; 10 months ago
9826:List of Ecma standards
9555:Application interfaces
9471:F# Software Foundation
8365:.NET Compact Framework
7443:"C# 9.0 on the record"
7413:"What's New in C# 7.0"
7173:. 644–650: 3077–3080.
6857:. September 15, 2021.
6250:"What's new in C# 8.0"
6190:"What's new in C# 7.3"
6130:"What's new in C# 7.2"
6070:"What's new in C# 7.1"
3990:// Set grounded status
3780:"Horizontal"
3756:// Move left and right
3651:// Speed of the player
3592:
3350:keyword declares that
2628:Higher-order functions
2613:Functional programming
2379:or one derived from it
2329:, C# does not support
2177:, and has support for
2020:System.Reflection.Emit
1731:Specification proposal
1703:Specification proposal
1675:Specification proposal
1647:Specification proposal
1616:Specification proposal
1575:March 7, 2021, at the
1570:Specification proposal
1549:Specification proposal
1521:Specification proposal
1488:Specification proposal
1105:functional programming
1018:
852:compiler system named
790:is very important for
678:international standard
40:technical restrictions
13412:Programming languages
12196:Programming languages
9782:Radio link interfaces
9727:Programming languages
9692:Ultra Density Optical
9491:Outercurve Foundation
9045:Mixed Reality Toolkit
8317:Global Assembly Cache
7817:on September 23, 2010
7581:"Framework Libraries"
7449:. November 10, 2020.
6491:"What's new in C# 12"
6431:"What's new in C# 11"
6371:"What's new in C# 10"
5907:on September 23, 2011
4682:. November 13, 2019.
4656:. November 13, 2019.
3431:Further information:
2053:Methods and functions
1874:C# supports a strict
1794:, but compared using
1014:
754:programming language.
700:, both of which were
13437:Functional languages
9697:Universal Media Disc
8980:Fluent Design System
8860:.NET Micro Framework
8370:.NET Micro Framework
8264:Code Access Security
8199:C# Programming Guide
7753:. November 2, 2006.
6806:"out (C# Reference)"
5997:on November 1, 2017.
5987:"What's new in C# 7"
5837:"Overview of C# 3.0"
5816:on December 18, 2010
5759:on February 18, 2009
5733:on February 14, 2006
5503:Dan Fernandez's Blog
5364:(February 7, 2002).
5194:www.java-samples.com
5190:"Design Goals of C#"
4941:Computing Services.
4939:University of Oxford
4092:System.Windows.Forms
3362:Top Level Statements
3333:console applications
3018:top-level statements
3016:" example using the
2399:IEnumerable<T>
2360:function overloading
2353:operator overloading
2331:multiple inheritance
2170:C# offers Java-like
2040:) analysis of code,
1992:abstract syntax tree
1931:implicit conversions
1918:instead of equality
1481:ISO/IEC 20619:2023,
1392:ISO/IEC 23270:2018,
1273:ISO/IEC 23270:2006,
1205:ISO/IEC 23270:2003,
1016:C-sharp musical note
811:internationalization
706:free and open-source
625:supporting multiple
623:programming language
27:Programming language
13407:American inventions
9642:File systems (disk)
9600:File systems (tape)
8703:WorldWide Telescope
8678:Microsoft PowerToys
8172:. Microsoft Press.
8115:Skeet, Jon (2019).
8060:C# 10 in a Nutshell
7478:learn.microsoft.com
7291:learn.microsoft.com
7260:learn.microsoft.com
7233:SQL Server Magazine
7210:SQL Server Magazine
6705:learn.microsoft.com
6599:learn.microsoft.com
6568:learn.microsoft.com
5967:on January 12, 2016
5509:on January 19, 2016
5137:"Announcing .NET 8"
4809:on January 11, 2017
4783:on February 5, 2016
4694:– via GitHub.
4668:– via GitHub.
3912:// Apply jump force
3433:Generic programming
3329:circular dependency
3179:definition for the
2886:Boxing and unboxing
2815:(enumerations) and
2713:unified type system
2634:Anonymous functions
2014:annotations in Java
1929:than C++. The only
1914:(use of assignment
1498:NET Framework 4.6.2
778:software components
721:runtime environment
712:began, providing a
560:C Sharp Programming
316:Filename extensions
151:First appeared
49:
9871:by standard number
9548:Ecma International
9267:Windows UI Library
9180:T2 Temporal Prover
9150:RecursiveExtractor
8812:Small Basic Online
8688:Windows Calculator
8332:Standard Libraries
8281:Common Type System
8259:Application domain
7903:"coreclr/src/jit/"
7689:. March 16, 2023.
7587:. April 19, 2023.
7557:. Blogs.msdn.com.
6768:. April 29, 2020.
6347:. April 11, 2023.
6286:. April 11, 2023.
6166:. April 11, 2023.
6106:. April 11, 2023.
6046:. April 11, 2023.
5723:"Microsoft C# FAQ"
5395:. O'Reilly Media.
5106:"Announcing C# 12"
5076:Ecma International
4976:The Rust Reference
4631:on January 3, 2012
4599:"Announcing C# 12"
4449:Visual Studio Code
4284:Visual Studio Code
4211:Ecma International
4047:"Ground"
3969:"Ground"
3927:OnCollisionEnter2D
3232:method. Unlike in
2717:Common Type System
2707:Common type system
2666:List comprehension
2624:– C# 1.0 delegates
2315:Checked exceptions
2146:object composition
1898:require only that
1748:Visual Studio 2022
1720:Visual Studio 2022
1692:Visual Studio 2022
1664:Visual Studio 2019
1636:Visual Studio 2019
1602:Visual Studio 2017
1594:.NET Framework 4.8
1559:Visual Studio 2017
1538:Visual Studio 2017
1510:Visual Studio 2017
1502:.NET Framework 4.7
1466:Visual Studio 2015
1452:.NET Framework 4.6
1422:Visual Studio 2013
1418:Visual Studio 2012
1410:.NET Framework 4.5
1377:Visual Studio 2010
1348:Visual Studio 2008
1340:.NET Framework 3.5
1308:Visual Studio 2008
1304:Visual Studio 2005
1296:.NET Framework 3.0
1291:.NET Framework 2.0
1248:.NET Framework 1.1
1220:.NET Framework 1.0
1019:
985:C# used to have a
963:lambda expressions
937:, a co-founder of
929:, who created the
813:is very important.
771:garbage collection
725:Visual Studio Code
663:component-oriented
185:/ 14 November 2023
47:
13384:
13383:
12494:
12493:
12476:Non-English-based
12162:
12161:
9885:ISO romanizations
9833:
9832:
9513:
9512:
9408:
9407:
9311:Operating systems
9302:Z3 Theorem Prover
9110:Open Service Mesh
9025:Microsoft Detours
8895:ASP.NET Web Forms
8833:development tools
8569:
8568:
8565:
8564:
8399:
8398:
8069:978-1-098-12195-2
7849:. June 19, 2018.
7675:. April 24, 2024.
7348:csharpindepth.com
6550:Novák et al. 2010
6256:. March 9, 2023.
6226:. July 13, 2022.
5005:. Chris Lattner.
4891:enhanced for loop
4744:on March 24, 2010
4517:By convention, a
4381:Godot game engine
4377:Unity game engine
4005:OnCollisionExit2D
3840:// Apply movement
3438:contained items.
2210:Since C# 3.0 the
2153:function pointers
2134:Extension methods
2092:call-by-reference
2085:, or the keyword
2071:instance variable
2042:semantic analysis
1939:copy constructors
1876:Boolean data type
1754:
1753:
967:extension methods
822:operating systems
568:
567:
238:Memory management
206:Typing discipline
16:(Redirected from
13484:
12521:
12514:
12507:
12498:
12497:
12484:
12483:
12456:
12455:
12189:
12182:
12175:
12166:
12165:
12152:
12151:
9872:
9860:
9853:
9846:
9837:
9836:
9828:(1961 – present)
9627:Linear Tape-Open
9594:
9562:ANSI escape code
9540:
9533:
9526:
9517:
9516:
9505:
9504:
8975:Entity Framework
8673:Open Live Writer
8638:
8637:
8596:
8589:
8582:
8573:
8572:
8410:
8409:
8345:
8344:
8238:
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6060:
6059:
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5916:
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5832:
5826:
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5797:
5795:
5775:
5769:
5768:
5766:
5764:
5749:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5738:
5729:. Archived from
5719:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5708:
5703:on April 2, 2015
5699:. Archived from
5686:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5675:
5670:on March 6, 2009
5666:. Archived from
5659:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5628:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5617:
5603:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5592:
5577:
5571:
5570:
5568:
5566:
5551:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5540:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5495:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5484:
5479:on July 11, 2011
5468:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5441:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5430:
5415:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5404:
5388:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5358:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5332:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5321:
5316:on April 7, 2019
5312:. Archived from
5302:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5291:
5282:. Archived from
5269:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5258:
5253:on June 24, 2016
5243:
5237:
5236:
5234:
5232:
5216:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5205:
5186:
5180:
5174:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5152:
5132:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5121:
5101:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5090:
5084:
5074:(4th ed.).
5073:
5063:
5048:
5042:
5023:
5022:
5016:
5014:
4998:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4987:
4968:
4962:
4961:
4952:
4950:
4930:
4924:
4887:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4876:
4855:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4841:
4825:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4805:. Archived from
4799:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4782:
4775:
4767:
4761:
4760:
4756:Anders Hejlsberg
4751:
4749:
4740:. Archived from
4727:
4721:
4720:
4705:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4676:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4650:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4627:. Archived from
4616:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4595:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4569:
4548:
4545:
4539:
4536:
4530:
4515:
4509:
4506:
4403:
4398:
4397:
4357:Android bytecode
4339:tool chain from
4273:The Mono Project
4193:In August 2001,
4181:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4144:
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4135:
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4102:
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4030:
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4000:
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3991:
3988:
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3982:
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3973:
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3949:
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3934:
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3928:
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3904:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3870:"Jump"
3868:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3835:
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3667:
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3658:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3631:
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3625:
3622:
3621:PlayerController
3619:
3616:
3613:
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3607:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3576:
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3483:
3480:
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3339:
3326:
3325:
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3279:
3276:
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3267:
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3247:
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3230:
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3191:
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3130:
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3105:
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3096:
3093:
3090:
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3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3050:
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3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
2972:
2969:
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2807:
2804:
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2791:
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2779:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2688:Pattern matching
2682:Nested functions
2662:
2661:
2658:
2653:
2652:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2541:// Method syntax
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2400:
2376:
2372:
2310:
2304:
2298:
2292:
2268:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2205:
2200:
2184:
2181:via the keyword
2176:
2173:
2158:
2155:via the keyword
2143:
2129:
2125:
2117:
2109:
2106:by applying the
2101:
2097:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2021:
2012:, equivalent to
1998:to the language.
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1858:
1854:
1369:.NET Framework 4
1155:
1154:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1066:
1062:
1060:MUSIC SHARP SIGN
1057:
1054:
1052:
1046:keyboard layouts
991:Anders Hejlsberg
979:boilerplate code
939:Sun Microsystems
858:Anders Hejlsberg
854:Simple Managed C
829:processing power
818:embedded systems
769:, and automatic
761:checking, array
731:(compiler), and
670:Anders Hejlsberg
635:lexically scoped
612:
606:
605:
602:
601:
598:
595:
592:
588:
587:
584:
581:
558:
350:
347:
345:
343:
341:
339:
337:
326:
322:
195:
193:
192:14 November 2023
188:
184:
164:
162:
157:
142:Mads Torgersen (
126:Anders Hejlsberg
121:Designed by
57:
50:
46:
21:
13492:
13491:
13487:
13486:
13485:
13483:
13482:
13481:
13387:
13386:
13385:
13380:
13364:
12865:
12530:
12525:
12495:
12490:
12444:
12221:
12198:
12193:
12163:
12158:
12140:
12064:
11790:
10942:
9891:
9873:
9870:
9864:
9834:
9829:
9819:
9798:
9777:
9722:
9706:
9637:
9595:
9586:
9577:Office Open XML
9550:
9544:
9514:
9509:
9495:
9466:.NET Foundation
9454:
9431:
9404:
9338:
9306:
9287:XDP for Windows
9225:Windows App SDK
8985:Fluid Framework
8965:eBPF on Windows
8832:
8826:
8734:
8728:
8712:
8693:Windows Console
8629:
8608:
8600:
8570:
8561:
8530:
8439:
8413:Major languages
8395:
8374:
8341:Implementations
8336:
8295:
8247:
8242:
8190:
8180:
8157:
8137:
8135:Further reading
8127:
8108:
8089:
8070:
8054:
8049:
8039:
8037:
8020:
8016:
8006:
8004:
7991:
7990:
7986:
7976:
7974:
7961:
7960:
7956:
7946:
7944:
7937:Microsoft Learn
7931:
7930:
7926:
7916:
7914:
7901:
7900:
7896:
7886:
7884:
7871:
7870:
7866:
7856:
7854:
7841:
7840:
7833:
7820:
7818:
7805:
7804:
7800:
7787:
7785:
7774:
7770:
7760:
7758:
7745:
7744:
7740:
7726:
7724:
7723:on May 17, 2009
7711:
7710:
7706:
7696:
7694:
7685:
7684:
7680:
7671:
7670:
7666:
7656:
7654:
7647:Microsoft Learn
7639:
7635:
7625:
7623:
7616:Microsoft Learn
7608:
7604:
7594:
7592:
7585:Microsoft Learn
7579:
7578:
7574:
7564:
7562:
7547:
7543:
7535:
7524:
7515:
7513:
7502:
7501:
7497:
7487:
7485:
7470:
7466:
7456:
7454:
7441:
7440:
7436:
7426:
7424:
7411:
7410:
7401:
7391:
7389:
7382:Microsoft Learn
7374:
7367:
7357:
7355:
7342:
7341:
7337:
7328:
7326:
7315:
7314:
7310:
7300:
7298:
7283:
7279:
7269:
7267:
7252:
7248:
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7016:Microsoft Learn
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5937:on June 4, 2014
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5310:nilsnaegele.com
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5286:on May 18, 2019
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4302:Implementations
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2358:C# also offers
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1978:Metaprogramming
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1620:September 2019
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1577:Wayback Machine
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1113:Eiffel for .NET
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8850:.NET Gadgeteer
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8845:.NET Framework
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8360:.NET Framework
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8188:External links
8186:
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8161:
8155:
8136:
8133:
8132:
8131:
8126:978-1617294532
8125:
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8100:. Wrox Press.
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6074:Microsoft Docs
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5991:Microsoft Docs
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5654:
5623:
5598:
5572:
5561:on May 8, 2012
5546:
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5499:"Andy Retires"
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3301:static keyword
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3121:Hello, world!
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1735:November 2023
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9999:
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9909:
9906:
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9900:
9898:
9894:
9890:
9889:IEC standards
9886:
9882:
9881:ISO standards
9876:
9868:
9861:
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9854:
9849:
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9838:
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9801:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9787:
9786:
9784:
9780:
9774:
9771:
9769:
9768:Minimal BASIC
9766:
9764:
9761:
9758:
9754:
9750:
9747:
9745:
9742:
9740:
9737:
9735:
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9575:
9573:
9570:
9568:
9565:
9563:
9560:
9559:
9557:
9553:
9549:
9546:Standards of
9541:
9536:
9534:
9529:
9527:
9522:
9521:
9518:
9508:
9498:
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9489:
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9327:
9325:
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9319:
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9313:
9309:
9303:
9300:
9298:
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9290:
9288:
9285:
9283:
9280:
9278:
9275:
9273:
9270:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9255:
9253:
9252:Windows Forms
9250:
9246:
9243:
9241:
9238:
9237:
9236:
9233:
9231:
9228:
9226:
9223:
9221:
9220:Vowpal Wabbit
9218:
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9208:
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8908:
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8898:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8890:ASP.NET Razor
8888:
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8676:
8674:
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8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8658:Conference XP
8656:
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8210:
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8191:
8181:
8179:0-7356-1370-2
8175:
8170:
8169:
8162:
8158:
8156:0-596-00429-X
8152:
8147:
8146:
8139:
8138:
8128:
8122:
8118:
8113:
8109:
8103:
8099:
8094:
8090:
8088:0-7356-1288-9
8084:
8080:
8075:
8071:
8065:
8061:
8056:
8055:
8035:
8031:
8030:
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10947:10000–19999
9629:(Ultrium-1)
9334:Azure Linux
9065:MonoDevelop
8885:ASP.NET MVC
8831:Frameworks,
8733:Programming
8717:Video games
8708:XML Notepad
8663:Family.Show
8542:C# and Java
8526:Small Basic
8117:C# in Depth
8040:October 26,
7697:October 28,
7537:Archer 2001
6609:October 27,
6578:October 27,
6325:October 15,
5089:January 26,
4903:annotations
4813:January 11,
4787:January 14,
4635:October 28,
4519:number sign
4464:MonoDevelop
4361:WebAssembly
4308:open-source
4011:Collision2D
3933:Collision2D
3729:Rigidbody2D
3678:Rigidbody2D
3609:UnityEngine
3175:Above is a
3014:Hello world
3008:Hello World
2846:IComparable
2758:Value types
2668:– C# 3 LINQ
2424:System.Linq
2383:constructor
1952:Enumeration
1925:C# is more
1827:Portability
1792:equals sign
1492:March 2017
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882:Embarcadero
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759:strong type
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410:Enhanced C#
294:and MIT/X11
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11574:16949 (TS)
11171:11941 (TR)
9869:standards
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7933:"C# Guide"
7907:github.com
7565:October 4,
7195:1565579768
6084:October 9,
5880:October 4,
5591:October 4,
5565:October 4,
5539:October 4,
5513:October 4,
5290:October 1,
5204:October 6,
5045:Skeet 2019
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2002:Attributes
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8079:Inside C#
7811:Microsoft
7751:Microsoft
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7301:April 28,
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6264:April 14,
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5737:March 25,
5727:Microsoft
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5429:March 21,
5306:"Details"
5141:.NET Blog
5110:.NET Blog
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4840:August 7,
4625:Microsoft
4560:Citations
4508:for async
4415:C# syntax
4409:C# topics
4288:.NET Core
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2977:Libraries
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2772:ValueType
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2547:numQuery2
2490:numQuery1
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2111:methods.
2048:compiled.
1927:type safe
1763:C# syntax
1581:May 2018
1433:June 2022
1399:June 2013
1269:June 2006
1190:Microsoft
1121:libraries
1107:language
1086:#
917:Smalltalk
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627:paradigms
364:Visual C#
144:Microsoft
138:Developer
130:Microsoft
12486:Category
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12212:Timeline
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9711:Graphics
9507:Category
9445:CodePlex
9414:Licenses
9360:FlexWiki
9170:StyleCop
9130:ProcDump
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8767:GW-BASIC
8683:Terminal
8634:Software
8613:Overview
8486:IronRuby
8327:Metadata
8322:Manifest
8312:Delegate
8307:Assembly
8034:Archived
8007:July 20,
8001:Archived
7977:July 20,
7971:Archived
7947:July 28,
7941:Archived
7917:July 20,
7911:Archived
7887:July 20,
7881:Archived
7857:July 20,
7851:Archived
7821:March 8,
7782:Archived
7755:Archived
7691:Archived
7651:Archived
7620:Archived
7595:July 14,
7589:Archived
7559:Archived
7510:archived
7482:Archived
7451:Archived
7421:Archived
7386:Archived
7352:Archived
7323:archived
7295:Archived
7264:Archived
7237:ProQuest
7214:ProQuest
7191:ProQuest
7187:62201466
7154:April 7,
7129:April 7,
7104:April 7,
7079:June 20,
7073:Archived
7042:Archived
7021:June 26,
6990:Archived
6970:June 20,
6964:Archived
6933:Archived
6903:Archived
6865:April 4,
6859:Archived
6770:Archived
6746:March 5,
6740:Archived
6709:Archived
6678:Archived
6653:April 6,
6647:Archived
6619:cite web
6603:Archived
6572:Archived
6535:June 29,
6529:Archived
6505:June 29,
6499:Archived
6469:Archived
6439:Archived
6409:Archived
6379:Archived
6349:Archived
6319:Archived
6288:Archived
6258:Archived
6228:Archived
6204:June 23,
6198:Archived
6168:Archived
6138:Archived
6108:Archived
6078:Archived
6048:Archived
6018:Archived
5941:June 11,
5874:Archived
5851:June 11,
5845:Archived
5820:June 11,
5794:June 18,
5788:Archived
5763:June 18,
5753:"F# FAQ"
5707:June 22,
5674:June 18,
5641:Archived
5585:Archived
5533:Archived
5450:Archived
5423:Archived
5397:Archived
5370:Archived
5362:Bill Joy
5340:Archived
5320:April 7,
5225:Archived
5198:Archived
5145:Archived
5114:Archived
5080:Archived
5007:Archived
4980:Archived
4949:June 18,
4943:Archived
4918:Archived
4909:Archived
4869:Archived
4834:Archived
4690:March 8,
4684:Archived
4658:Archived
4577:Archived
4479:Turbo C#
4387:See also
4337:Elements
4231:generics
3885:AddForce
3828:velocity
3795:velocity
3427:Generics
3003:Examples
2897:Unboxing
2806:DateTime
2743:method.
2737:ToString
2690:– C# 7.0
2684:– C# 7.0
2640:Closures
2204:abstract
2189:Property
2157:delegate
2124:override
2006:metadata
1741:.NET 8.0
1713:.NET 7.0
1685:.NET 6.0
1657:.NET 5.0
1573:Archived
1160:version
1151:Versions
1127:(a .NET
1067:)), the
1056:♯
1039:ligature
1027:semitone
975:closures
947:generics
935:Bill Joy
891:Delphi,
889:CodeGear
717:compiler
466:Modula-3
395:Dialects
250:Platform
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12870:ISO/IEC
12761:62014-4
12674:61131-9
12669:61131-3
12639:60906-1
12632:60870-6
12627:60870-5
12439:more...
12418:Scratch
12321:Haskell
12311:Fortran
12267:classic
12217:History
12055:29199-2
11927:23094-2
11922:23094-1
11912:23090-3
11781:19794-5
11776:19775-1
11564:16612-2
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11243:13406-2
11201:12234-2
10969:10118-3
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9734:C++/CLI
9582:OpenXPS
9459:Related
9277:WinObjC
9195:U-Prove
9165:SignalR
9135:ProcMon
9120:Orleans
9095:OneFuzz
9070:MSBuild
8950:DiskSpd
8870:ASP.NET
8506:Oxygene
8501:Nemerle
8471:C++/CLI
8052:Sources
7963:"5.0.8"
7788:July 5,
7761:July 5,
7727:July 5,
7626:May 14,
7488:May 19,
7457:May 15,
7392:May 15,
7329:May 15,
7270:May 23,
6776:May 14,
6684:May 14,
6024:June 9,
5647:May 26,
5531:. ISO.
5013:May 12,
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2116:virtual
2079:private
2038:lexical
2028:runtime
1841:Fortran
1185:ISO/IEC
1129:wrapper
897:Borland
893:Inprise
871:ASP.NET
836:History
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615:) is a
530:Oxygene
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346:/csharp
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283:MIT/X11
274:MIT/X11
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215:dynamic
190: (
159: (
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12458:Lists:
12393:Python
12388:Prolog
12366:Pascal
12356:MATLAB
12341:Kotlin
12301:Erlang
12240:Simula
12069:30000+
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10716:8820-5
10661:8501-1
10217:1073-2
10212:1073-1
9896:1–9999
9744:Eiffel
9675:FAT16B
9656:(CDFS)
9649:CD-ROM
9450:GitHub
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9370:Gollum
9318:MS-DOS
9155:Roslyn
9075:MsQuic
9050:ML.NET
8915:Blazor
8865:AirSim
8742:Bosque
8391:DotGNU
8176:
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5961:GitHub
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4174:Images
4107:static
4083:System
3747:Update
3654:public
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2161:signal
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1074:U+0023
1053:
1051:U+266F
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