40:
282:
and benign intentions of the
Americans. The reason why the engagement policy ended sadly is due to the fundamental misjudgment by the United States about the nature of the Chinese Communist Party and regime, which in turn has made the US a victim of its own policy. The consequences of misjudging the nature of the CCP regime can be described in a Chinese idiom: “leaving a carbuncle unchecked will lead to endless troubles.”
352:, Cai said, "The one-party dictatorship is a major obstacle for China. It may even trigger unforeseen social or political disasters. Only by ending this totalitarian system of governance and moving towards a constitutional democracy will the country be on course for good and durable economic and social development."
281:
he engagement policy that had been so painstakingly maintained for a long time was just wishful thinking of the two political parties and the government of the United States. The CCP has merely been using the engagement policy for its own needs. The CCP just used and took advantage of the goodwill
342:
commented that Cai's paper was "of great historical and policy significance", adding, "For the first time, we have an important figure from within the
Chinese Communist Party system courageously confirming what many US scholars of China have recently been arguing: CCP leaders have never viewed
239:
For some years she continued to believe in the ability of the CCP to solve its problems through reform, but her hopes gradually evaporated after Xi
Jinping came to power in 2012 and implemented measures that Cai saw as going in the wrong direction. In 2013, she wrote an essay defending
230:
theory. By that time she was frequently present in
Chinese news media, advocating for liberal views including the opening of the CCP to more businesspeople and professionals. Her faith in the Communist Party was shaken considerably after a trip to Spain where she studied the
410:
235:
and comparing it to China, noting that Mao and Franco had died at similar times yet Franco's successors had quickly and successfully transitioned to a stable democracy while Mao's successors had created a muddled hybrid economy and completely ignored political reform.
213:(with "party" referring to the CCP), she published over 60 scholarly papers between 1989 and 2020. As of 2012, she was a professor at the Party-Building Center of the Central Party School, retiring the same year after 15 years of service.
193:, in which she served from 1969 to 1978 before joining the CCP in 1982. In 1980, Cai Xia became vice president of the factory's labor union and director of the family planning office. In 1984 she participated in a two-year program in
398:
297:
On 17 August 2020, Cai's membership in the CCP was rescinded and her retirement benefits were stripped. This was presumed to be in relation to a leaked audio recording in which she denounced CCP general secretary Xi
Jinping as a
865:
548:
264:. In an August 2020 interview, after her move to the United States, Cai said that the incident that had erased all her remaining faith in the party was the Chinese authorities' handling of the death of environmentalist
1105:
832:
252:, Cai opined that the offence was a private matter of no consequence to the public, and called for a discussion of the protection of individual rights. In 2016, she wrote an article in defence of
989:
1018:
518:
1100:
956:
926:
334:
Cai Xia has urged the U.S. to abandon its "naive" hopes of engagement with
Beijing, while also warning that China's leadership is more fragile than it has appeared. In June 2021, the
855:
540:
895:
478:
1047:
735:
1135:
311:
that she had contemplated resigning from the CCP since much earlier, and welcomed no longer being a party member, saying that it had allowed her to regain freedom.
1095:
343:
cooperative engagement with the US as anything more than a temporary tactic to enable them to accumulate the strength to pursue regional and global dominance."
614:
448:
824:
694:
206:
155:
981:
768:
1120:
982:"The Hoover Institution Releases Essay By Former Chinese Communist Party Insider About Beijing's Perspective On Relationship With The United States"
1010:
302:" who ought to be replaced slamming the CCP as a "political zombie". Cai, who was residing in the United States at the time of the expulsion, told
163:
510:
948:
918:
1115:
640:
887:
470:
1039:
154:(CCP), including leading provincial and municipal administrators and cabinet-level ministers, and is a retired professor of the
198:
1110:
801:
328:
725:
661:
256:, who was put on probation after the latter's heavy criticism of the statements by CCP leader Xi Jinping about the role of
169:. She was expelled from the CCP in August 2020 for criticising the CCP under Xi's rule. Since 2019, she has resided in the
604:
438:
1140:
1130:
570:
361:, Cai said, "Outsiders may find it helpful to think of the CCP as more of a mafia organization than a political party."
1090:
331:, while also asking the international community to prevent the CCP from infiltrating international organizations.
232:
684:
276:, who had been detained earlier that month, as "openly intimidating all in the Chinese scholarly community".
758:
222:, Cai began doubting the party orthodoxy in the early 2000s, when she assisted then-CCP general secretary
1085:
190:
1125:
151:
116:
1080:
636:
1075:
245:
201:
at the Suzhou
Municipal Party School. Eventually she turned to work in academia, earning a
147:
94:
76:
8:
825:"China-US Relations In The Eyes Of The Chinese Communist Party: An Insider's Perspective"
261:
257:
763:
730:
689:
541:"Explained: Who is Cai Xia, the Chinese dissident who called Xi Jinping a 'mafia boss'"
338:
published a long paper by Cai where she expounded on those views. Hoover senior fellow
335:
303:
194:
227:
129:
39:
791:
669:
609:
443:
357:
269:
210:
209:
in 1998. Specializing in the fields of party ideology and party building of the
405:
578:
1069:
888:"China's Communist Party is a threat to the world, says former elite insider"
471:"China's Communist Party is a threat to the world, says former elite insider"
348:
339:
249:
170:
796:
370:
253:
218:
1106:
Academic staff of the
Central Party School of the Chinese Communist Party
860:
375:
273:
241:
223:
856:"Chinese academic disciplined after criticising Xi and Communist Party"
299:
166:
105:
511:"China's Cai Xia: former party insider who dared criticise Xi Jinping"
949:"Former Chinese Party Insider Calls U.S. Hopes of Engagement 'Naive'"
919:"Former Chinese Party Insider Calls U.S. Hopes of Engagement 'Naive'"
182:
53:
759:"China Uses Foreigners' Televised Confessions to Serve Its Own Ends"
726:"She Was a Communist Party Insider in China. Then She Denounced Xi"
265:
613:(January/February 2021). Translated into English by Stacy Mosher.
248:. In the piece, which widely circulated on the microblogging site
244:
after Xue was arrested on charges of soliciting a prostitute and
186:
57:
1011:"Cai Xia on why China's one-party system holds back the country"
268:
in police custody. In an essay dated 25 July 2020, published by
324:
137:
323:, Cai Xia expressed support for the U.S. government's ban on
202:
159:
598:
596:
150:. She has taught high-ranking members and officials of the
146:, born October 1952) is a Chinese dissident and scholar of
1101:
Central Party School of the
Chinese Communist Party alumni
593:
320:
260:. These and other essays were later removed by internet
439:"The Party That Failed: An Insider Breaks With Beijing"
329:
the U.S. government impose sanctions on CCP officials
158:. She is an advocate for political liberalisation in
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
504:
502:
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498:
496:
189:and was raised in a family with close ties to the
1136:Chinese Communist Party politicians from Jiangsu
1067:
708:
493:
1096:Expelled members of the Chinese Communist Party
355:In September 2022, in an article published in
816:
393:
391:
346:In December 2021, in an article published in
976:
974:
792:"The Terrible Lives of Chinese Sex Workers"
400:称中共"政治僵尸" 蔡霞被中央党校开除党籍 | DW | 17 August 2020
388:
38:
971:
910:
750:
292:
1121:Chinese expatriates in the United States
319:On 23 August 2020, in an interview with
723:
463:
216:According to an August 2020 article in
1068:
916:
868:from the original on 24 September 2020
804:from the original on 24 September 2020
738:from the original on 25 September 2020
682:
533:
1050:from the original on 9 September 2022
451:from the original on December 7, 2020
898:from the original on August 24, 2020
789:
771:from the original on 16 October 2020
756:
432:
430:
428:
246:forced to make televised confessions
181:Cai Xia was born in October 1952 in
853:
822:
683:Tatlow, Didi Kirsten (2012-07-11).
602:
551:from the original on 23 August 2020
521:from the original on 23 August 2020
508:
481:from the original on 23 August 2020
436:
413:from the original on 25 August 2020
13:
603:Cai, Xia (January–February 2021).
14:
1152:
1116:Chinese women non-fiction writers
917:Areddy, James T. (29 June 2021).
835:from the original on 28 July 2021
724:Buckley, Chris (20 August 2020).
425:
272:, she denounced the treatment of
959:from the original on 1 July 2021
929:from the original on 1 July 2021
854:Yew, Lun Tian (17 August 2020).
757:Wong, Edward (21 January 2016).
1032:
1021:from the original on 2021-12-11
1003:
992:from the original on 2021-06-29
941:
880:
847:
790:Quan, Isabel (29 August 2013).
783:
697:from the original on 2019-09-30
676:
643:from the original on 2021-06-29
617:from the original on 2020-12-07
233:Spanish transition to democracy
104:Criticism of General Secretary
50:October 1952 (age 71)
685:"No Women at the Top in China"
654:
629:
563:
142:
1:
437:Cai, Xia (December 4, 2020).
381:
108:, Political Activism, Dissent
1111:Chinese political scientists
1040:"The Weakness of Xi Jinping"
509:Kuo, Lily (21 August 2020).
86:Political Theorist, Academic
7:
364:
29:
10:
1157:
1141:Politicians from Changzhou
1131:Women political scientists
447:(January/February 2021).
226:with the drafting of his
176:
162:and has been critical of
133:
112:
100:
90:
82:
72:
64:
46:
37:
28:
21:
16:Chinese political scholar
399:
314:
156:CCP Central Party School
1091:Chinese anti-communists
953:The Wall Street Journal
605:"The Party That Failed"
242:Charles Xue (Xue Manzi)
152:Chinese Communist Party
117:Chinese Communist Party
409:(in Chinese (China)).
293:Expulsion from the CCP
284:
279:
164:CCP General Secretary
1046:. 7 September 2022.
672:on 27 February 2020.
207:Central Party School
95:Central Party School
77:Central Party School
894:. August 23, 2020.
637:"几多无奈与不堪——我的计划生育经历"
1086:Chinese dissidents
986:Hoover Institution
829:Hoover Institution
764:The New York Times
731:The New York Times
690:The New York Times
547:. 24 August 2020.
545:The Indian Express
477:. 23 August 2020.
336:Hoover Institution
327:and proposed that
581:on 18 August 2020
123:
122:
1148:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1036:
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1007:
1001:
1000:
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964:
955:. 29 June 2021.
945:
939:
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776:
754:
748:
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743:
721:
706:
705:
703:
702:
680:
674:
673:
668:. Archived from
658:
652:
651:
649:
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633:
627:
626:
624:
622:
600:
591:
590:
588:
586:
577:. Archived from
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561:
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531:
530:
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491:
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467:
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395:
288:
228:Three Represents
187:Jiangsu province
148:political theory
144:
135:
42:
32:
19:
18:
1156:
1155:
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1149:
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1126:Former Marxists
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1053:
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1044:Foreign Affairs
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610:Foreign Affairs
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539:
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507:
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444:Foreign Affairs
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358:Foreign Affairs
317:
295:
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270:Radio Free Asia
179:
113:Political party
73:Alma mater
60:
51:
33:
30:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1144:
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1128:
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1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1062:
1061:
1031:
1017:. 2021-12-08.
1002:
988:. 2021-06-29.
970:
940:
909:
879:
846:
815:
782:
749:
707:
675:
653:
628:
592:
562:
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492:
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406:Deutsche Welle
386:
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366:
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316:
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308:New York Times
294:
291:
287:—Cai Xia, 2021
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195:Marxist theory
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101:Known for
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1081:Living people
1079:
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1074:
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1035:
1020:
1016:
1015:The Economist
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349:The Economist
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340:Larry Diamond
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289:
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277:
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258:Chinese media
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171:United States
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118:
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83:Occupation(s)
81:
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63:
59:
55:
49:
45:
41:
36:
27:
20:
1052:. Retrieved
1043:
1034:
1023:. Retrieved
1014:
1005:
994:. Retrieved
985:
961:. Retrieved
952:
943:
931:. Retrieved
922:
912:
900:. Retrieved
891:
882:
872:24 September
870:. Retrieved
859:
849:
837:. Retrieved
828:
818:
808:24 September
806:. Retrieved
797:The Atlantic
795:
785:
773:. Retrieved
762:
752:
742:26 September
740:. Retrieved
729:
699:. Retrieved
688:
678:
670:the original
665:
656:
645:. Retrieved
631:
619:. Retrieved
608:
585:24 September
583:. Retrieved
579:the original
574:
565:
553:. Retrieved
544:
535:
523:. Retrieved
515:The Guardian
514:
483:. Retrieved
474:
465:
453:. Retrieved
442:
415:. Retrieved
404:
371:Ren Zhiqiang
356:
354:
347:
345:
333:
318:
307:
304:
296:
285:
280:
254:Ren Zhiqiang
238:
219:The Guardian
217:
215:
180:
141:
125:
124:
91:Organization
1076:1952 births
1054:9 September
861:Reuters.com
455:December 4,
376:Xu Zhangrun
274:Xu Zhangrun
224:Jiang Zemin
211:party state
199:CCP history
65:Nationality
1070:Categories
1025:2021-12-11
996:2021-07-02
902:August 24,
701:2021-07-02
647:2021-07-02
382:References
300:mafia boss
173:in exile.
167:Xi Jinping
119:(Expelled)
106:Xi Jinping
823:Cai Xia.
555:24 August
525:24 August
485:24 August
417:25 August
183:Changzhou
54:Changzhou
1048:Archived
1019:Archived
990:Archived
957:Archived
927:Archived
896:Archived
866:Archived
833:Archived
802:Archived
769:Archived
736:Archived
695:Archived
641:Archived
621:29 March
615:Archived
549:Archived
519:Archived
479:Archived
449:Archived
411:Archived
365:See also
266:Lei Yang
191:military
933:28 July
839:28 July
775:28 July
575:《探索与争鸣》
262:censors
205:at the
143:Cài Xiá
130:Chinese
126:Cai Xia
68:Chinese
58:Jiangsu
23:Cai Xia
963:2 July
325:Huawei
177:Career
140::
138:pinyin
132::
315:Views
250:Weibo
203:LL.D.
160:China
1056:2022
965:2021
935:2021
904:2020
874:2020
841:2021
810:2020
777:2021
744:2020
666:爱思想网
662:"蔡霞"
623:2021
587:2020
571:"蔡霞"
557:2020
527:2020
487:2020
457:2020
419:2020
197:and
47:Born
923:WSJ
892:CNN
475:CNN
321:CNN
305:The
1072::
1042:.
1013:.
984:.
973:^
951:.
925:.
921:.
890:.
864:.
858:.
831:.
827:.
800:.
794:.
767:.
761:.
734:.
728:.
710:^
693:.
687:.
664:.
639:.
607:.
595:^
573:.
543:.
517:.
513:.
495:^
473:.
441:.
427:^
403:.
390:^
185:,
136:;
134:蔡霞
56:,
31:蔡霞
1058:.
1028:.
999:.
967:.
937:.
906:.
876:.
843:.
812:.
779:.
746:.
704:.
650:.
625:.
589:.
559:.
529:.
489:.
459:.
421:.
298:"
128:(
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