390:
52:
186:
1213:
31:
276:), they exhibit tremendous diversity suggesting a larger representation in the past. This subfamily has been noted in palm literature as the Lepidocaryoideae, however an 1844 (Griffith) designation of Calamoideae predates the use of the former at this rank and, as such, is correct in botanical nomenclature.
250:
While the many species show marked differences, the bracts of all orders are tubular, the flowers are almost always borne in dyads or dyad derivatives, but most marked as an identifier among these palms are the overlapping scales covering the fruit; occasionally small and irregular they are, in most
725:
possesses a flower structure unique not just to the tribe but to the family as a whole. It is vegetatively similar to another subtribe within
Calameae but is distinguished by the pistillate and staminate flowers formed in groups up to 11. These flower clusters and isolated position of the genus
288:
in the subfamily are slender, high-climbing vines creeping from the jungle floor aided by evolved hooks and barbs, allowing them to cling onto competitive vegetation to reach the canopy top. Whether or not they climb, almost all genera in this subfamily tend to have clustering species with few
310:
variations exist. The armament on the leaves in many species mimics the armament found on other parts of plants in the group. Sharp prickles and spines line rachises, leaf margins and leaf sheaths. Other genera produce spines along the roots and stems. In climbing plants there are extended
542:
Calameae is an Old World tribe. Among all the genera there are plants with pinnate, entire, or bifid leaves with pinnate-ribs. Extremely varied, they are divided into subtribes based on the progressive modifications of flower arrangements from hermaphroditic dyads, dyads with hermaphrodites
251:
cases, neatly aligned in vertical rows. Also common to the group are varying forms of armament: spines along leaf margins or on sheaths, root and stem spines, reflexed rachis cirri, or specialized hooks among the climbing species.
344:
reproductive behavior. A bract is characteristic in this subfamily, protecting the dyads of flowers on maturing and where dyads are not present a dyadic origin of flowering is evident (with the exception of
289:
solitary members among them, though some genre are mostly or strictly solitary producing acaulescent trees. Among the prostrate, clustered, or solitary and erect members, the
363:
species though these are exceptions to the rule. Pollinated flowers produce a fruit with overlapping scales. Usually arranged in distinct, vertical rows, the scales in
715:
A tribe with 3 subtribes from Africa, North and
Central America with moderately sized, erect trunks, with crownshafts. The flowers are solitary, spirally-arranged,
311:
rachises formed into sharp spines while, as in the
African rattans, the distal most leaflets are modified into reflexed spines, acanthophylls. While some
2700:
341:
1010:
979:
295:
genus is unique in that it produces off-shoots high above ground rather than near-ground as is seen in most other clustering species.
409:, exists in tropical America though some speculation suggests it may have been introduced. In any case, it is joined by the strictly
233:. It is represented by 21 genera - containing nearly a quarter of all species in the palm family - including the largest genus,
2687:
258:
from an ancient protopalm ancestor. While the simplest floral characteristics belong to those rattan genera endemic to Africa (
894:
2692:
845:
254:
The long fossil record and the many unspecialized features imply the group diverged early, parallel perhaps, with the
924:
855:
2705:
543:
alongside staminate flowers, pistillate and sterile staminate pairs, onto solitary staminate or pistillate units.
2759:
1003:
317:
species bear protective cirri others have evolved spines on false inflorescences as a means of protection.
2674:
150:
51:
953:
948:
996:
529:, members of this subfamily are widely dispersed across East and West Asia and the southern Pacific.
389:
1022:
2627:
486:, through the central part of the continent with southern bands hugging the coast down through
2665:
2718:
2754:
975:
8:
1445:
1556:
46:
357:
and a sterile staminate flower winged by two pistillate flowers are found in the rare
2713:
920:
890:
851:
764:
731:
2381:
1526:
917:
Genera
Palmarum: A Classification of Palms Based on the Work of Harold E. Moore, Jr
468:
405:
2679:
467:, these plants are found in wet, predominantly lowland stands with some common to
2521:
2192:
2062:
1986:
1958:
1930:
1910:
1369:
1190:
1032:
983:
644:
206:
198:
89:
340:, dying after they flower and fruit, while the remainder follow the more common
2535:
2465:
2423:
2388:
2269:
2248:
2110:
2076:
1772:
1665:
1410:
1230:
1197:
770:
673:
661:
621:
394:
359:
321:
313:
235:
226:
76:
940:
247:
denizens, usually found in equatorial swampland or along tropical coastlines.
2748:
2650:
2605:
2500:
2346:
2325:
1889:
1873:
1696:
1687:
1535:
1452:
1380:
1270:
1070:
716:
548:
456:
210:
170:
102:
726:
argues for a long history of this subfamily in Africa with much extinction.
2731:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2514:
2493:
2472:
2451:
2402:
2255:
2206:
2199:
2185:
2149:
2124:
2117:
1896:
1841:
1779:
1515:
1494:
1473:
1403:
1328:
1314:
1300:
1241:
1107:
1050:
787:
605:
589:
427:
255:
175:
185:
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2584:
2549:
2437:
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2311:
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2297:
2276:
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2094:
2007:
1951:
1903:
1814:
1793:
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1549:
1508:
1417:
1335:
1307:
1176:
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1100:
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803:
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754:
746:
738:
721:
628:
483:
421:
353:
347:
337:
272:
266:
260:
115:
351:). Triads of hermaphroditic flowers are occasionally discovered within
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2542:
2374:
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2131:
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1993:
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2014:
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988:
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165:
125:
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1321:
1155:
579:
452:
377:
307:
303:
2318:
2103:
2042:
1979:
1710:
1583:
1487:
1424:
1293:
671:
Obsolete genera (all species are now included within the genus
487:
479:
475:
436:
285:
214:
2360:
2227:
2220:
1965:
1342:
1259:
514:
510:
464:
222:
218:
63:
518:
444:
299:
239:, the type genus of the group. Only four are found in the
818:
A monotypic tribe from
Southeast Asia with only one genus
482:, reaching from the West across humid rain forest and the
847:
Australian Palms: Biogeography, Ecology and
Systematics
284:
640:– Malesia, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra; monotypic genus
575:– Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo; monotypic genus
978:at Germplasm Resources Information Network, 2007.
498:genus occupies areas across the northern part of
2746:
843:
1004:
914:
933:
774:– Africa, Madagascar, parts of South America
381:species are small and irregularly arranged.
884:
1011:
997:
915:Uhl, Natalie W.; Dransfield, John (1987).
719:, and borne in the axils of small bracts.
184:
29:
885:Riffle, Robert Lee; Craft, Paul (2003).
880:
878:
876:
874:
388:
2747:
837:
302:are consistently reduplicate of which
2626:
2625:
992:
910:
908:
906:
871:
1018:
887:An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms
615:– Sulawesi, Moluccas and New Guinea
403:The lone outlier in the subfamily,
13:
903:
689:– Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo
336:characteristics of which some are
14:
2771:
969:
502:, another possible introduction.
1211:
710:
558:– Malesia, New Guinea, Indochina
494:to the east; one species in the
478:they are plentiful south of the
50:
813:
384:
889:. Portland, OR: Timber Press.
279:
1:
831:
7:
537:
10:
2776:
954:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
949:Plants of the World Online
2634:
2175:
2148:
2093:
2052:
1920:
1872:
1824:
1755:
1686:
1613:
1593:
1566:
1525:
1379:
1359:
1269:
1249:
1240:
1220:
1209:
1131:
1069:
1049:
1040:
1029:
844:John Leslie Dowe (2010).
827:– Borneo, Malay Peninsula
783:– northern South America
532:
183:
162:
157:
47:Scientific classification
45:
37:
28:
23:
807:– northern South America
799:– northern South America
205:family found throughout
599:– New Guinea, Melanesia
2760:Commelinid subfamilies
976:Treatment of Arecaceae
791:– central Amazon basin
400:
850:. Csiro. p. 55.
624:– Malesia, Indochina
567:– Malesia, Indochina
392:
695:– Malesia, Indochina
648:– Malesia, Indochina
632:– Malesia, Indochina
583:– Malesia, Indochina
1446:Johannesteijsmannia
919:. Genera Palmarum.
320:Sexually they show
243:while the rest are
982:2012-09-21 at the
525:island chains and
463:. Absent from the
401:
197:is a subfamily of
39:Calamus gibbsianus
16:Subfamily of palms
2742:
2741:
2714:Open Tree of Life
2628:Taxon identifiers
2619:
2618:
2615:
2614:
1682:
1681:
1207:
1206:
896:978-0-88192-558-6
732:Ancistrophyllinae
701:– northern Borneo
469:black-water river
375:and a handful of
192:
191:
153:
2767:
2735:
2734:
2722:
2721:
2709:
2708:
2696:
2695:
2683:
2682:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2623:
2622:
1822:
1821:
1527:Chuniophoeniceae
1247:
1246:
1215:
1047:
1046:
1013:
1006:
999:
990:
989:
964:
963:
961:
960:
937:
931:
930:
912:
901:
900:
882:
869:
868:
866:
864:
841:
742:– Central Africa
490:to the west and
406:Raphia taedigera
188:
149:
55:
54:
33:
21:
20:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2730:
2725:
2717:
2712:
2704:
2699:
2691:
2686:
2678:
2673:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2630:
2620:
2611:
2522:Phoenicophorium
2193:Archontophoenix
2171:
2144:
2089:
2048:
1931:Beccariophoenix
1916:
1868:
1820:
1751:
1678:
1609:
1589:
1562:
1521:
1375:
1355:
1265:
1236:
1216:
1203:
1191:Plectocomiopsis
1127:
1065:
1036:
1035:(2016) taxonomy
1025:
1017:
984:Wayback Machine
972:
967:
958:
956:
939:
938:
934:
927:
913:
904:
897:
883:
872:
862:
860:
858:
842:
838:
834:
816:
713:
657:– Africa, Asia
645:Plectocomiopsis
540:
535:
387:
282:
207:Central America
199:flowering plant
148:
49:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2773:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2723:
2710:
2697:
2684:
2671:
2656:
2640:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2536:Verschaffeltia
2532:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2466:Brassiophoenix
2462:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2389:Acanthophoenix
2385:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2270:Lepidorrhachis
2266:
2259:
2252:
2249:Burretiokentia
2245:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2181:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2162:
2154:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2111:Pholidostachys
2107:
2099:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2080:
2077:Neonicholsonia
2073:
2066:
2058:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2011:
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1962:
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1714:
1707:
1700:
1692:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1669:
1666:Borassodendron
1662:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1619:
1617:
1611:
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1608:
1607:
1599:
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1484:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1411:Rhapidophyllum
1407:
1400:
1393:
1385:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1365:
1363:
1357:
1356:
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1194:
1187:
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1128:
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1016:
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986:
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970:External links
968:
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792:
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775:
761:
760:
759:
751:
743:
717:hermaphroditic
712:
709:
708:
707:
702:
696:
690:
684:
669:
668:
667:
666:
665:– Africa, Asia
651:
650:
649:
641:
633:
622:Plectocomiinae
618:
617:
616:
602:
601:
600:
586:
585:
584:
576:
561:
560:
559:
539:
536:
534:
531:
386:
383:
322:hermaphroditic
281:
278:
227:Southeast Asia
190:
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2608:
2607:
2606:Rhopaloblaste
2603:
2601:
2600:
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2524:
2523:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2501:Rhopalostylis
2498:
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2370:
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2363:
2362:
2358:
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2355:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2347:Calyptrocalyx
2344:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2326:Lemurophoenix
2323:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2295:
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2274:
2272:
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2260:
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2251:
2250:
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2243:
2239:
2237:
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2232:
2230:
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2225:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2209:
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2204:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2168:
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2100:
2098:
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2033:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1977:
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1968:
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1956:
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1913:
1912:
1908:
1906:
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1901:
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1898:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1890:Wendlandiella
1887:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1874:Chamaedoreeae
1871:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1853:
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1846:
1844:
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1720:
1719:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1697:Pseudophoenix
1694:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1688:Ceroxyloideae
1685:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1663:
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1558:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1547:
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1544:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1536:Chuniophoenix
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1506:
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1476:
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1471:
1469:
1468:
1464:
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1461:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1453:Pholidocarpus
1450:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1422:
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1405:
1401:
1399:
1398:
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1392:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1381:Trachycarpeae
1378:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1345:
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1291:
1289:
1288:
1284:
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1281:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1271:Cryosophileae
1268:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1228:
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1225:
1223:
1219:
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1199:
1195:
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1188:
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1123:
1119:
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1112:
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1109:
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1103:
1102:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1071:Lepidocaryeae
1068:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1002:
1000:
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994:
991:
985:
981:
977:
974:
973:
955:
951:
950:
946:
944:
936:
928:
926:0-935868-30-5
922:
918:
911:
909:
907:
898:
892:
888:
881:
879:
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859:
857:9780643096158
853:
849:
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840:
836:
826:
825:
821:
820:
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801:
798:
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790:
789:
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749:
748:
744:
741:
740:
736:
735:
733:
729:
728:
727:
724:
723:
718:
711:Lepidocaryeae
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
683:
680:
679:
678:
676:
675:
664:
663:
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582:
581:
577:
574:
573:
569:
568:
566:
562:
557:
556:
552:
551:
550:
549:Korthalsiinae
546:
545:
544:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
457:French Guiana
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
429:
424:
423:
418:
417:
412:
408:
407:
398:
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391:
382:
380:
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368:
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362:
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349:
343:
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335:
331:
327:
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318:
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315:
309:
305:
301:
296:
294:
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287:
277:
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269:
268:
263:
262:
257:
252:
248:
246:
242:
238:
237:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
211:South America
208:
204:
200:
196:
187:
182:
177:
174:
172:
171:Lepidocaryeae
169:
167:
164:
163:
161:
156:
152:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
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121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
104:
101:
98:
95:
94:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
78:
77:Tracheophytes
75:
72:
69:
68:
65:
62:
59:
58:
53:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2635:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2578:Heterospathe
2576:
2571:Dransfieldia
2569:
2564:Dictyosperma
2562:
2557:Cyrtostachys
2555:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2515:Nephrosperma
2513:
2506:
2499:
2494:Wallaceodoxa
2492:
2485:
2478:
2473:Ptychococcus
2471:
2464:
2457:
2452:Drymophloeus
2450:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2403:Ptychosperma
2401:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2256:Cyphophoenix
2254:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2207:Chambeyronia
2205:
2200:Actinokentia
2198:
2191:
2186:Actinorhytis
2184:
2164:
2157:
2150:Pelagodoxeae
2137:
2130:
2125:Calyptronoma
2123:
2118:Calyptrogyne
2116:
2109:
2102:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1909:
1902:
1897:Synechanthus
1895:
1888:
1881:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1842:Dictyocaryum
1840:
1833:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1780:Sclerosperma
1778:
1771:
1764:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1671:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1602:
1582:
1575:
1555:
1548:
1541:
1534:
1516:Washingtonia
1514:
1507:
1500:
1495:Colpothrinax
1493:
1486:
1479:
1474:Acoelorraphe
1472:
1465:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1409:
1404:Trachycarpus
1402:
1395:
1388:
1368:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1329:Chelyocarpus
1327:
1320:
1315:Leucothrinax
1313:
1306:
1301:Coccothrinax
1299:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1258:
1242:Coryphoideae
1229:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1120:
1113:
1108:Lepidocaryum
1106:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1058:
1051:Eugeissoneae
1041:
1031:Baker &
957:. Retrieved
947:
942:
935:
916:
886:
861:. Retrieved
846:
839:
822:
817:
814:Eugeissoneae
802:
794:
788:Lepidocaryum
786:
769:
753:
745:
737:
720:
714:
704:
698:
692:
686:
681:
672:
670:
660:
643:
635:
627:
610:
606:Pigafettinae
594:
590:Metroxylinae
578:
570:
553:
541:
504:
495:
473:
428:Lepidocaryum
426:
420:
414:
404:
402:
395:
385:Distribution
376:
370:
364:
358:
352:
346:
319:
312:
297:
290:
283:
271:
265:
259:
256:Coryphoideae
253:
249:
234:
194:
193:
176:Eugeissoneae
145:
109:
96:
83:
70:
38:
24:Calamoideae
18:
2755:Calamoideae
2666:Calamoideae
2660:Wikispecies
2636:Calamoideae
2585:Hydriastele
2550:Clinostigma
2438:Carpentaria
2396:Tectiphiala
2368:Laccospadix
2312:Clinosperma
2305:Cyphokentia
2298:Neoveitchia
2277:Physokentia
2263:Cyphosperma
2095:Geonomateae
2008:Astrocaryum
1952:Allagoptera
1904:Chamaedorea
1815:Leopoldinia
1794:Reinhardtia
1746:Phytelephas
1550:Nannorrhops
1509:Pritchardia
1418:Maxburretia
1336:Cryosophila
1308:Hemithrinax
1177:Plectocomia
1122:Mauritiella
1094:Laccosperma
1087:Eremospatha
1080:Oncocalamus
1042:Calamoideae
804:Mauritiella
781:Mauritiinae
755:Laccosperma
747:Eremospatha
739:Oncocalamus
722:Oncocalamus
693:Daemonorops
687:Ceratolobus
629:Plectocomia
484:Congo Basin
422:Mauritiella
354:Laccosperma
348:Oncocalamus
342:pleonanthic
338:hapaxanthic
280:Description
273:Oncocalamus
267:Eremospatha
261:Laccosperma
195:Calamoideae
146:Calamoideae
142:Subfamily:
116:Commelinids
90:Angiosperms
2749:Categories
2599:Loxococcus
2543:Bentinckia
2375:Oncosperma
2354:Linospadix
2291:Satakentia
2284:Carpoxylon
2242:Basselinia
2214:Kentiopsis
2159:Pelagodoxa
2132:Asterogyne
2084:Oenocarpus
1994:Parajubaea
1938:Jubaeopsis
1835:Iriartella
1826:Iriarteeae
1766:Podococcus
1757:Arecoideae
1718:Oraniopsis
1624:Bismarckia
1543:Kerriodoxa
1502:Copernicia
1390:Chamaerops
1361:Phoeniceae
1287:Trithrinax
1184:Myrialepis
1163:Metroxylon
1142:Korthalsia
1060:Eugeissona
1033:Dransfield
959:2024-03-21
832:References
824:Eugeissona
705:Retispatha
699:Pogonotium
682:Calospatha
637:Myrialepis
596:Metroxylon
565:Salaccinae
555:Korthalsia
523:Indonesian
500:Madagascar
492:Mozambique
372:Myrialepis
366:Eugeissona
334:polygamous
326:monoecious
292:Korthalsia
2529:Roscheria
2508:Hedyscepe
2459:Normanbya
2333:Marojejya
2166:Sommieria
2054:Euterpeae
2029:Desmoncus
2001:Acrocomia
1945:Voanioala
1883:Hyophorbe
1808:Hyospathe
1801:Manicaria
1787:Roystonea
1704:Ceroxylon
1631:Satranala
1615:Borasseae
1595:Corypheae
1568:Caryoteae
1432:Livistona
1350:Sabinaria
1222:Nypoideae
1170:Pigafetta
1149:Eleiodoxa
1020:Arecaceae
863:April 20,
779:Subtribe
765:Raphiinae
763:Subtribe
734:– Africa
730:Subtribe
655:Calaminae
653:Subtribe
620:Subtribe
612:Pigafetta
604:Subtribe
588:Subtribe
572:Eleiodoxa
563:Subtribe
547:Subtribe
527:Australia
507:Sri Lanka
441:Venezuela
411:New World
393:Fruit of
330:dioecious
245:Old World
241:New World
231:Australia
158:3 tribes
136:Arecaceae
60:Kingdom:
2732:50299241
2727:Tropicos
2645:Wikidata
2592:Iguanura
2487:Manjekia
2480:Jailoloa
2445:Wodyetia
2431:Veitchia
2417:Adonidia
2382:Deckenia
2070:Prestoea
2036:Barcella
2015:Aiphanes
1922:Cocoseae
1863:Wettinia
1856:Socratea
1849:Iriartea
1739:Aphandra
1732:Ammandra
1673:Borassus
1659:Lodoicea
1638:Hyphaene
1280:Schippia
1251:Sabaleae
1133:Calameae
1115:Mauritia
980:Archived
796:Mauritia
758:– Africa
750:– Africa
538:Calameae
461:Suriname
449:Colombia
433:Trinidad
416:Mauritia
166:Calameae
132:Family:
126:Arecales
103:Monocots
2651:Q139841
2410:Ponapea
2340:Masoala
2235:Pinanga
2177:Areceae
2139:Geonoma
2063:Euterpe
2022:Bactris
1987:Syagrus
1959:Attalea
1911:Gaussia
1725:Ravenea
1652:Latania
1645:Medemia
1604:Corypha
1577:Caryota
1481:Serenoa
1467:Lanonia
1460:Saribus
1439:Licuala
1397:Guihaia
1370:Phoenix
1322:Thrinax
1198:Calamus
1156:Salacca
943:Calamus
674:Calamus
662:Calamus
580:Salacca
471:banks.
453:Ecuador
413:genera
396:Calamus
378:Salacca
360:Calamus
314:Calamus
308:pinnate
304:palmate
286:rattans
236:Calamus
201:in the
122:Order:
64:Plantae
2719:102447
2706:169698
2680:233938
2424:Balaka
2319:Dypsis
2104:Welfia
2043:Elaeis
1980:Jubaea
1773:Orania
1711:Juania
1584:Arenga
1557:Tahina
1488:Brahea
1425:Rhapis
1294:Zombia
1101:Raphia
1023:genera
923:
893:
854:
771:Raphia
533:Tribes
517:, the
496:Raphia
488:Angola
480:Sahara
476:Africa
437:Brazil
425:, and
300:leaves
215:Africa
151:Griff.
2361:Howea
2228:Nenga
2221:Areca
1973:Cocos
1966:Butia
1343:Itaya
1260:Sabal
515:China
511:India
505:Onto
465:Andes
223:China
219:India
110:Clade
97:Clade
84:Clade
71:Clade
2701:NCBI
2693:2132
2688:GRIN
2675:APNI
1231:Nypa
921:ISBN
891:ISBN
865:2012
852:ISBN
521:and
519:Fiji
459:and
445:Peru
332:and
306:and
298:The
270:and
229:and
203:palm
945:L."
677:):
474:In
431:in
399:sp.
2751::
2729::
2716::
2703::
2690::
2677::
2662::
2647::
952:.
905:^
873:^
513:,
509:,
455:,
451:,
447:,
443:,
439:,
435:,
419:,
369:,
328:,
324:,
264:,
225:,
221:,
217:,
213:,
209:,
112::
99::
86::
73::
41:.
1012:e
1005:t
998:v
962:.
941:"
929:.
899:.
867:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
