122:
safe, menaced as we are by a Roman fleet. And thus in war and battle, in which the brave find glory, even the coward will find safety. Former contests, in which, with varying fortune, the Romans were resisted, still left in us a last hope of succour, inasmuch as being the most renowned nation of
Britain, dwelling in the very heart of the country, and out of sight of the shores of the conquered, we could keep even our eyes unpolluted by the contagion of slavery. To us who dwell on the uttermost confines of the earth and of freedom, this remote sanctuary of Britain's glory has up to this time been a defence. Now, however, the furthest limits of Britain are thrown open, and the unknown always passes for the marvellous. But there are no tribes beyond us, nothing indeed but waves and rocks, and the yet more terrible Romans, from whose oppression escape is vainly sought by obedience and submission. Robbers of the world, having by their universal plunder exhausted the land, they rifle the deep. If the enemy be rich, they are rapacious; if he be poor, they lust for dominion; neither the east nor the west has been able to satisfy them. Alone among men they covet with equal eagerness poverty and riches. To robbery, slaughter, plunder, they give the lying name of empire; they make a solitude and call it peace.
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Whenever I consider the origin of this war and the necessities of our position, I have a sure confidence that this day, and this union of yours, will be the beginning of freedom to the whole of
Britain. To all of us slavery is a thing unknown; there are no lands beyond us, and even the sea is not
106:, which describes him as "the most distinguished for birth and valour among the chieftains". Tacitus wrote a speech which he attributed to Calgacus, saying that Calgacus gave it in advance of the
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117:, but most historians note that since Calgacus was fighting Tacitus' father-in-law (Gnaeus Julius Agricola) in this battle the reader should assume some bias:
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Agricola took with him after putting the
Caledonians to flight. Both Calgacus and the speech may be figments of Tacitus's invention.
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The following excerpt is from the speech attributed to
Calgacus by the historian Tacitus in the
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110:. The speech describes the exploitation of Britain by Rome and rouses his troops to fight.
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Ruling Roman
Britain: Kings, Queens, Governors and Emperors from Julius Caesar to Agricola
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Calgacus is not mentioned during or after the battle and he is not named as one of the
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84:(meaning 'prickly' or 'fierce'). Whether the word is a name or a title is unknown.
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19th-century print depicting
Calgacus delivering his speech to the Caledonians.
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to be recorded in history. The only historical source that features him is
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Duncan B. Campbell, Mons
Graupius AD 83, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2010
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His speech is often quoted as "they make a desert and call it peace".
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Rome's First
Frontier; the Flavian Occupation of Northern Scotland
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Caledonian chief at the AD 83 Battle of Mons
Graupius
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65:in AD 83 or 84. His name can be interpreted as
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213:Wooliscroft, D. J.; Hoffman, B.
1024:1st-century monarchs in Europe
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962:. You can help Knowledge by
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45:) was a chieftain of the
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527:Caledonians & Picts
108:Battle of Mons Graupius
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59:Battle of Mons Graupius
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55:Gnaeus Julius Agricola
47:Caledonian Confederacy
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1029:Scottish people stubs
639:Wilderness Plantation
415:Battles and campaigns
217:Tempus (June 1, 2006)
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568:Roman fortifications
427:Burnswark Hill (140)
242:on 11 December 2013
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92:He was the first
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236:"A Don's Life"
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192:Braund, David
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458:Arthur's Seat
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29:According to
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19:
964:expanding it
957:
933:
867:Architecture
786:Blatobulgium
687:Drumquhassle
624:Seabegs Wood
619:Rough Castle
538:
534:Argentocoxos
513:Traprain Law
498:Rispain Camp
488:Leckie Broch
244:. Retrieved
240:the original
230:
214:
209:
193:
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176:
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159:
132:
125:
120:
114:
112:
101:
91:
61:in northern
42:
38:
34:
28:
18:
887:Dere Street
796:Castle Greg
737:Ythan Wells
722:Normandykes
662:Battledykes
559:Gartnait II
361:Dicalydones
37:(sometimes
1003:Categories
842:Balnageith
816:Trimontium
801:Elginhaugh
755:Black Hill
712:Inchtuthil
707:Glenlochar
697:Gask Ridge
634:Westerwood
599:Castlehill
584:Auchendavy
518:Walls Loch
503:Rubers Law
401:Verturians
336:Carnonacae
318:Caledonian
246:6 December
137:References
94:Caledonian
72:calg-ac-os
923:Caracalla
837:Thomshill
811:Pennymuir
770:Muiryfold
732:Strageath
682:Deers Den
672:Burnfield
649:Agricolan
609:Croy Hill
589:Balmuildy
473:Deers Den
463:Bennachie
396:Venicones
204:pp.8, 169
88:Biography
67:Brittonic
908:Agricola
903:Cerialis
825:Disputed
806:Inveresk
779:Southern
727:Raedykes
702:Glenbank
614:Mumrills
604:Cleddans
594:Bar Hill
539:Calgacus
406:Votadini
391:Vacomagi
376:Selgovae
371:Novantae
356:Decantae
351:Damnonii
341:Cornovii
178:Agricola
153:Calgacus
128:hostages
115:Agricola
103:Agricola
63:Scotland
53:army of
43:Galgacus
39:Calgacos
35:Calgacus
918:Severus
913:Urbicus
765:Cramond
747:Severan
677:Camelon
554:Uradech
386:Taexali
381:Smertae
346:Creones
331:Caereni
322:Pictish
173:Tacitus
98:Tacitus
81:calgach
57:at the
31:Tacitus
832:Bellie
760:Carpow
667:Bertha
657:Ardoch
544:Vipoig
324:tribes
221:
200:
77:Gaelic
692:Durno
225:p.217
51:Roman
960:stub
366:Lugi
320:and
248:2013
219:ISBN
198:ISBN
41:or
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182:30
175:,
145:^
100:'
33:,
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69:*
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