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partnership with Boeing, GE Aviation/CFM International, and
Honeywell's UOP, marked the first sustainable biofuel demonstration flight by a commercial carrier using a two-engine aircraft: a Boeing 737-800 equipped with CFM International CFM56-7B engines. Continental ran the blend in Engine No. 2. During the two-hour test flight, Continental pilots engaged the aircraft in a number of normal and non-normal flight maneuvers, such as mid-flight engine shutdown and restart, and power accelerations and decelerations. A Continental engineer recorded flight data on board.
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1178:, but it can be susceptible to sclerotinia stem rot. No insect has been found to cause economic damage to camelina. Camelina needs little water or nitrogen to flourish; it can be grown on marginal agricultural lands. Fertilization requirements depend on soils, but are generally low. It may be used as a rotation crop for wheat and other cereals, to increase the health of the soil. Camelina can also show some allelopathic traits, and it can be grown in mixed crop with cereals or legumes.
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972:– nicknamed the "Green Hornet" – powered by a 50/50 blend of conventional jet fuel and a biofuel made from camelina; the flight was the first of a planned 15 test flights totaling about 23 flight-hours, scheduled for completion by mid-June 2010. In March 2011, the U.S. Air Force successfully tested a 50/50 mix of jet propellant 8 (
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feed and laying hen feed. Camelina meal, the byproduct of camelina when the oil has been extracted, has a significant crude protein content. "Feeding camelina meal significantly increased (p < 0.01) omega-3 concentration in both breast and thigh meat compared to control group." Medical research
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A seeding rate of 3–4 kg/ha is recommended, with an row interval of 12 to 20 cm. Seeding depth should not exceed 1 cm. With high seeding rates, these independently noncompetitive seedlings become competitive against weeds because of their density. The seedlings are early emerging and
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Continental
Airlines, was the first commercial airline to test a 50:50 blend of bio-derived "green jet" fuel and traditional jet fuel in the first demonstration of the use of sustainable biofuel to power a commercial aircraft in North America.( January 2009). The demonstration flight, conducted in
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Approximately 50,000 acres are currently cultivated in Canada. The
Camelina Association of Canada projects Canada estimates that 1 to 3 million acres could be planted in the future. Several factors challenge the spread of camelina cultivation in Canada: it does not have government crop
1025:. The seeds were to be used to produce biofuel, that could be used to produce electricity. According to director William Nolten, the region had a big potential for the production of clean energy. Some 800.000 ha in the region could not be used to produce food anymore, and after the
577:, it was an important agricultural crop in northern Greece beyond the current range of the olive. It apparently continued to be grown at the time of the Roman Empire, although its Greek and Latin names are not known. As early as 600 BC, it was being sown as a monoculture around the
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flight demonstration squadron used a 50/50 blend of camelina biofuel and jet fuel at the Naval Air
Station Patuxent River Air Expo, the first time an entire military aviation unit flew on a biofuel mix. In 2011, the U.S. Navy announced plans to deploy a "Great Green Fleet," a
2011:
Kagale, Sateesh; Koh, Chushin; Nixon, John; Bollina, Venkatesh; Clarke, Wayne E.; Tuteja, Reetu; Spillane, Charles; Robinson, Stephen J.; Links, Matthew G.; Clarke, Carling; Higgins, Erin E.; Huebert, Terry; Sharpe, Andrew G.; Parkin, Isobel A. P. (2014).
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because of fears for contamination, the
Japanese people refused to buy food produced in the region, anyway. Experiments would be done to find out whether camelina was capable of extracting radioactive caesium from the soil. An experiment with
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derived from camelina and petroleum-based jet fuel. The Dutch biofarming company
Waterland International and a Japanese federation of farmers made an agreement in March 2012 to plant and grow camelina on 2000 to 3000 ha in
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Usually, camelina does not need any field interventions. However, perennial weeds may be difficult to control. Some specialized oilseed herbicides can be used on it. Also, camelina is highly resistant to black leg and
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is considered a weed in flax fields. In fact, attempts to separate its seed from flax seeds with a winnowing machine over the years have selected for seeds which are similar in size to flax seeds, an example of
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was released on 1 August 2013, by a
Canadian research team. The genome sequence and its annotation are available in a genome viewer format and enabled for sequence searching and alignment. Technical details of
1062:. However, various antinutritional factors are present in camelina oil meal and can affect its use as livestock feed. The use of camelina meal for animal feed is only limited by the presence of glucosinolates.
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which is pear shaped with a short beak. The seeds are brown, or orange in colour and a length of 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in). The 1,000-seed weight ranges from 0.8–2.0 g (0.028–0.071 oz).
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with a length from 2–8 cm (0.79–3.15 in) and a width of 2–10 mm (0.079–0.394 in). Leaves and stems may be partially hairy. It blooms in the UK, between June and July. Its abundant,
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indicates a diet abundant in omega-3 fatty acids is beneficial to human health. Camelina oil has also been investigated as a sustainable lipid source to fully replace fish oil in diets for farmed
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Until the 1940s, camelina was an important oil crop in eastern and central Europe, and currently has continued to be cultivated in a few parts of Europe for its seed oil. Camelina oil was used in
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Hunter, Joel and Greg Roth 2010. Camelina
Production and Potential in Pennsylvania, Agronomy Facts 72. College of Agricultural Sciences, Crop and Soil Sciences, Pennsylvania State University.
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and
Cleland, Leslie G. (Editors) "Omega-6/Omega-3 Essential Fatty Acid Ratio: The Scientific Evidence" (World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics), Publisher: S Karger AG, 19 September 2003,
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Francis, A. and
Warwick, S. I. 2009. The biology of Canadian weeds. 142. Camelina alyssum (Mill.) Thell.; C. microcarpa Andrz. Ex DC.; C. sativa (L.) Crantz. Can. J. Plant Sci. 89: 791–810.
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A partnership of Chevron and Bunge companies purchased an Argentina camelina sativa seed producer, Chacraservicios, in July 2023 to contribute to their bio-diesel production.
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Jones, G.; Valamoti, S.M. (2005), "Lallemantia, an imported or introduced oil plant in Bronze Age northern Greece", Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 14 (4): 571–577,
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and animal feed. Ample archeological evidence shows it has been grown in Europe for at least 3,000 years. The earliest archaeologic sites where it was found include the
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Camelina is harvested and seeded with conventional farming equipment, which makes adding it to a crop rotation relatively easy for farmers who do not already grow it.
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Johnson, Andrew (2 September 2011). "Blue Angels Use Biofuel at Patuxent Air Show.". United States Department of Defense (press release). Retrieved 3 September 2011.
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which are beneficial for cardiovascular health. The main source of these omega-3 fatty acids is fish but supplies are limited and unsustainable. In October 2023,
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2175:"Yield10 Bioscience Files Request for Regulatory Status Review with USDA-APHIS for Camelina Designed to Produce the EPA and DHA Components of Omega-3 Oil"
2157:"Yield10 Bioscience Exercises Option to Finalize an Exclusive, Global Commercial License to Advanced Omega-3 Camelina Technology from Rothamsted Research"
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The Canadian Food Inspection Agency has approved feeding cold-pressed non-solvent extracted Camelina meal to broiler chickens at up to 12% inclusion.
600:) and as an edible oil (camelina oil, also referred to as wild flax or false flax oil). It was possibly brought to North America unintentionally as a
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Megaloudi, Fragkiska (2006), Plants and Diet in Greece from Neolithic to Classic Periods: the archaeobotanical remains, Oxford: Archaeopress,
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classification, and camelina meal is not approved as livestock feed. In early 2010, Health Canada approved camelina oil as a food in Canada.
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Hixson, SM.; Parrish, CC.; Anderson, DM. (2014). "Use of camelina oil to replace fish oil in feeds for farmed salmonids and Atlantic cod".
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Gugel, R.K. and Falk, K.C. 2006. Agronomic and seed quality evaluation of camelina sativa in western Canada. Can. J. Pl. Sci. 86: 1047–1058
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Russo R., Reggiani R. (2012) Antinutritive compounds in twelve Camelina sativa genotypes. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 3: 1408–1412
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zone in light or medium soils. Camelina is generally seeded in spring from March to May, but can also be seeded in fall in mild climates.
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In 2014, camelina was included for the first time in Canada's Advance Payments Program (APP), commonly known as the cash advance program.
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637:, which is uncommon in vegetable sources. Seeds contain 38 to 43% oil and 27 to 32% protein. Over 50% of the fatty acids in cold-pressed
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Heuzé V., Tran G., Lebas F., 2017. Camelina (Camelina sativa) seeds and oil meal. Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO.
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453:, camelina grows to heights of 30–120 cm (12–47 in), with branching stems which become woody at maturity. The leaves are
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Coghlan, Andy (4 January 2014) "Designed plant oozes vital fish oils"' New Scientist, Page 12, also available on the Internet at
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powered entirely by nonfossil fuels, by 2016. By 2016, the U.S. Air Force wants 50% of the fuel it consumes to be from biofuels.
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Daniel Zohary and Maria Hopf, Domestication of plants in the Old World, third edition (Oxford: University Press, 2000), pp. 138f
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997:, the Royal Dutch Airline, was the first airline to operate a passenger-carrying flight using biofuel. On 23 November 2009, a
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2071:"Successful high-level accumulation of fish oil omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in a transgenic oilseed crop"
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Bowen, Holley (29 July 2011). "Air Force wants 50% use of biofuel by 2016.". Standard-Examiner. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
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Russo, R. and Reggiani, R. (2017) Glucosinolates and Sinapine in Camelina Meal. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 8, 1063–1073
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Camelina has been approved as a cattle feed supplement in the US, as well as an ingredient (up to 10% of the ration) in
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Today, camelina is found, wild or cultivated, in almost all regions of Europe, Asia, and North America, but also in
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flew, carrying a limited number of passengers, with one of its four engines running on a 50/50 mix of biofuel and
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Camelina Sativa: a Multiuse Oil Crop for Biofuel, Omega-3 Cooking Oil, and Protein/Oil Source for Animal Feed
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1995:
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Matthew McDermott "40,000 Gallons of Camelina Chosen for US Navy's Aviation Biofuel Test Program" Treehugger
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USDA Plants Profile for Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC. aka Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz ssp. microcarpa
1933:
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2014:"The emerging biofuel crop Camelina sativa retains a highly undifferentiated hexaploid genome structure"
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Howell, Katie (23 November 2009). "KLM Carries Passengers in Biofuel Test Flight". The New York Times.
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can withstand mild frosts in the spring. Minimal seedbed preparation is needed to establish camelina.
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Lendon, Brad (3 September 2011). "Blue Angels to fly on biofuels.". CNN. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
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also began testing the fuel in its aircraft in March 2010. On 22 April 2010, the U.S. Navy observed
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3000:
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1094:'s genome sequence were published on 23 April 2014 in the academic journal Nature Communications.
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1828:"Feeding Camelina SATIVA to Meat Turkeys, Western Meeting of Poultry Clinicians and Pathologists"
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content of camelina oil is approximately 110 mg/100 g. It is well suited for use as a
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https://web.archive.org/web/20150928230816/http://turanggawaterlandsuryakancana.blogspot.co.id/
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Valley, and was thought to have spread mainly by coexisting as a weed with flax monocultures.
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level at Pefkakia in Greece (dated to the third millennium BC), and Sucidava-Celei, Romania (
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Seed yields vary depending on conditions and can reach 2700 kg/ha (2400 lb/acre).
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with flaxseed, and has had limited commercial importance until modern times. Currently, the
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1967:"Camelina included in Canada's 2014 cash advance program for growers - News & Updates"
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Dalby, Andrew (2003), Food in the ancient world from A to Z, London, New York: Routledge,
8:
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potential is unexplored compared to other oilseeds commercially grown around the world.
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2013:
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980:, achieving a speed of Mach 1.5 on 18 March 2011. On 4 September 2011, the U.S. Navy's
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http://www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca/Default.aspx?DN=67a5b5a3-b4fc-402b-9ede-abcebb2b64b8
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2319:
1777:"Bunge, Chevron acquire Argentina's Chacraservicios to meet renewable diesel demand"
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The crop is now being researched due to its exceptionally high level (up to 45%) of
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Typical fatty acid content of camelina, canola, flax and sunflower oils in %.
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1999:
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varieties (with erucic acid content of less than 1%) have been introduced. The
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2311:"Evaluation of Camelina sativa oil as a feedstock for biodiesel production",
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Ruiz-Lopez, N.; Haslam, R. P.; Napier, J. A.; Sayanova, O. (January 2014).
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1622:"Inside the Ring", Bill Gertz, Washington Times, 24 December 2009, page B1.
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617:
605:
562:
534:. Camelina seems to be particularly adapted to cold semiarid climate zone (
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1196:'Blaine Creek', 'Suneson', 'Platte', 'Cheyenne', 'SO-40', 'SO-50', 'SO-60'
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Sampath, Anusha (2009), "Chemical Characterization of Camelina Seed Oil"
1202:'Epona', 'Celine', 'Calena', 'Lindo', 'Madonna', 'Konto','D.Tagliafierro'
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1631:"Air Force officials take step toward cleaner fuel, energy independence"
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to cross the Atlantic Ocean using a blend of 50/50 biofuel developed by
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1371:. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Extension Service. EM 8953-E.
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Agricultural Research Service Researching Camelina as New Biofuel Crop
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1992:
1766:(Dutch) NRC (14 March 2012)Dutch company grows bio/diesel in Fukushima
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acquired an exclusive commercial license for the Rothansted's EPA/DHA
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1125:. In January 2024, Yield10 requested a Regulatory Status Review from
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in the UK reported they had developed a genetically modified form of
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Camelina is a short-season crop (85–100 days) and grows well in the
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The oil is registered under the name "Olej rydzowy tradycyjny" as a
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1113:(DHA) at levels equivalent to fish oil. EPA and DHA are long-chain
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139:
96:
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https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/25894/PDF/1/play/
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are pale yellow in colour, and cross-shaped. Later, it produces a
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2429:
1757:"Gulfstream G450 First Aircraft to Cross Atlantic Using Biofuels"
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851:
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mainly in Europe and in North America. It is not related to true
431:
1589:"The BioBased Institute .||. Montana State University"
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has been traditionally cultivated as an oilseed crop to produce
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Biofuel-powered U.S. Air Force F-22 Raptor breaks sound barrier
1810:"FDA approves camelina meal as broiler chicken feed (02/17/09)"
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has recently been growing more camelina for its potential as a
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1262:. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017.
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JAL Flight Brings Aviation One Step Closer to Using Biofuel
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Reader's Digest Field Guide to the Wild Flowers of Britain
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994:
866:, and other institutions also are studying this emerging
1819:"Camelina Meal OKd To Be Included in Laying Hen Rations"
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by conducting a flight test lasting about 45 minutes at
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The seed oil was used in the kitchen or burnt in lamps.
1642:"Wright, Liz, "," navy.mil, 22 April 2010 3:30:00 p.m."
561:, Switzerland (dated to the second millennium BC), the
842:
product in the European Union and the United Kingdom.
2010:
1837:
1667:"F-22 Raptor hits Mach 1.5 on camelina-based biofuel"
833:
932:chose it as the feedstock for their first test of
653:, making this highly stable oil very resistant to
2335:First Green Supersonic Jet to Launch on Earth Day
1801:"FDA approves camelina as cattle feed supplement"
3630:
2753:Bioconversion of biomass to mixed alcohol fuels
928:reduces net carbon emissions by about 80%. The
665:; recently, several low-erucic and zero-erucic
2406:
1720:"KLM vervoert passagiers op plantenbrandstof"
492:
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2315:, Vol. 21 Issue 1 (January 2005), pp. 25-31
1726:(in Dutch). 4 November 2009. Archived from
677:as it has an almond-like flavor and aroma.
2413:
2399:
1522:Sustainable Solutions for Modern Economies
858:and biolubricant. Plant scientists at the
31:
2758:Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage
2283:"Sustainable Oils - Grower Opportunities"
2257:"Sustainable Oils - Camelina Information"
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1712:
1464:"Camelina: A Promising Low-Input Oilseed"
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1355:
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1283:
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1904:"Recent blog posts - News & Updates"
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2364:United States Department of Agriculture
2355:Germplasm Resources Information Network
2320:USDA Plants Profile for Camelina Crantz
645:. The oil is also very rich in natural
3631:
1399:
1346:
1314:
1312:
1278:
1266:from the original on 28 September 2019
426:. It is native to Europe and areas of
2901:
2900:
2394:
1936:from the original on 23 February 2015
1673:from the original on 26 February 2012
1564:"Olej rydzowy tradycyjny staropolska"
976:) and camelina-derived biofuel in an
936:, and successfully operated a static
3412:6ba777af-7b21-402e-8790-2715d80cb5e2
3265:c2158a47-efbf-4098-ac70-02edf03980e3
2826:Cellulosic ethanol commercialization
1866:https://www.feedipedia.org/node/4254
1647:from the original on 9 November 2015
1993:http://www.camelinadb.ca/index.html
1875:Last updated on 17 July 2017, 16:42
1364:D. T. Ehrensing; S. O. Guy (2008).
1334:from the original on 20 August 2015
1309:
1085:The first full genome sequence for
13:
924:Studies have shown camelina-based
14:
3680:
2304:
1852:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.04.042
1470:from the original on 5 April 2005
1206:
840:Traditional Speciality Guaranteed
834:Traditional Speciality Guaranteed
494:Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen
3590:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:287258-1
3366:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:279870-1
2874:
2873:
2237:from the original on 11 May 2013
2200:Fiche technique, Agridea, Suisse
1378:from the original on 15 May 2011
1068:
966:Naval Air Station Patuxent River
950:Naval Air Station Patuxent River
883:Naval Air Station Patuxent River
588:(until the modern harnessing of
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2004:
1991:Camelina sativa Genome Project
1985:
1959:
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1328:Canadian Food Inspection Agency
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1:
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2360:Agricultural Research Service
2313:Industrial Crops and Products
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625:
1187:
885:using fuel made partly from
7:
3664:Flora of the United Kingdom
3654:Crops originating from Asia
3639:Biodiesel feedstock sources
2856:Issues relating to biofuels
2846:Energy return on investment
1226:
1080:
908:fueled by a 50/50 blend of
881:("Green Hornet") flying at
864:Washington State University
410:, but also occasionally as
10:
3685:
1260:Plants of the World Online
615:
541:
441:, in the family Linaceae.
16:Species of flowering plant
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2909:
2869:
2831:Energy content of biofuel
2813:
2745:
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2428:
1539:"Olej rydzowy tradycyjny"
1436:10.1007/s00334-005-0004-z
197:
190:
168:
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41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
2805:Thermal depolymerization
2778:Industrial biotechnology
1998:1 September 2014 at the
1507:22 February 2018 at the
2773:Fischer–Tropsch process
2763:Biomass heating systems
2340:Jepson Manual Treatment
1324:(L.) Crantz (camelina)"
958:United States Air Force
611:
430:, but cultivated as an
2225:"USDA Plants Database"
2118:Simopoulos, Artemis P.
1871:25 August 2017 at the
1519:Rainer Höfer (editor)
1159:
946:F/A-18E/F Super Hornet
921:
906:Edwards Air Force Base
890:
846:Biodiesel and jet fuel
493:
449:As a summer or winter
2018:Nature Communications
1149:
1107:Eicosapentaenoic acid
948:) in October 2009 at
896:
876:
569:2200 BC). During the
1595:on 18 September 2012
1295:. 1981. p. 48.
1176:Alternaria brassicae
1150:A showcase field of
1111:Docosahexaenoic acid
1023:Fukushima Prefecture
987:carrier battle group
940:engine (used in the
463:four-petaled flowers
341:Linostrophum sativum
248:(Sinskaya) Vassilcz.
2861:Sustainable biofuel
2143:1 June 2015 at the
2030:2014NatCo...5.3706K
1930:"Smart Earth Seeds"
1115:omega-3 fatty acids
1099:Rothamsted Research
970:F/A-18 Super Hornet
879:F/A-18 Super Hornet
860:University of Idaho
684:
309:Chamaelinum sativum
2163:. 18 October 2023.
2038:10.1038/ncomms4706
1973:on 18 January 2015
1910:on 17 January 2015
1730:on 7 November 2009
1221:Vavilovian mimicry
1160:
1119:Yield10 Bioscience
930:United States Navy
922:
891:
680:
488:Subularia aquatica
325:Crucifera camelina
277:Camelina sagittata
245:Camelina caucasica
3626:
3625:
3299:Open Tree of Life
2903:Taxon identifiers
2887:
2886:
2800:Sabatier reaction
2181:. 8 January 2024.
2087:10.1111/tpj.12378
2075:The Plant Journal
1669:. 24 March 2011.
1302:978-0-276-00217-5
1164:temperate climate
1129:for the modified
1012:became the first
831:
830:
398:usually known as
383:
382:
377:
369:
361:
353:
349:Moenchia arvensis
345:
337:
329:
321:
317:Cochlearia sativa
313:
305:
293:
281:
273:
265:
257:
253:Camelina glabrata
249:
241:
233:
221:
213:
205:
201:Adyseton dentatum
3676:
3619:
3618:
3606:
3605:
3593:
3592:
3580:
3579:
3567:
3566:
3554:
3553:
3541:
3540:
3528:
3527:
3515:
3514:
3502:
3501:
3489:
3488:
3476:
3475:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3438:
3437:
3425:
3424:
3415:
3414:
3402:
3401:
3392:
3391:
3382:
3381:
3369:
3368:
3356:
3355:
3343:
3342:
3330:
3329:
3320:
3319:
3307:
3306:
3294:
3293:
3281:
3280:
3268:
3267:
3258:
3257:
3245:
3244:
3242:NBNSYS0000002914
3232:
3231:
3219:
3218:
3209:
3208:
3196:
3195:
3183:
3182:
3170:
3169:
3157:
3156:
3147:
3146:
3134:
3133:
3121:
3120:
3108:
3107:
3095:
3094:
3082:
3081:
3069:
3068:
3056:
3055:
3043:
3042:
3030:
3029:
3017:
3016:
3004:
3003:
2991:
2990:
2978:
2977:
2968:
2967:
2955:
2954:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2898:
2897:
2877:
2876:
2721:Pongamia pinnata
2415:
2408:
2401:
2392:
2391:
2367:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2289:on 13 March 2013
2285:. Archived from
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2263:on 29 March 2013
2259:. Archived from
2253:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2236:
2229:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2192:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2179:Morningstar, Inc
2171:
2165:
2164:
2153:
2147:
2135:
2129:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2098:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2049:
2008:
2002:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1969:. Archived from
1963:
1957:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1906:. Archived from
1900:
1894:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1876:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1716:
1710:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1638:
1632:
1629:
1623:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1591:. Archived from
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1535:
1529:
1517:
1511:
1498:
1489:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1460:
1454:
1444:
1438:
1428:
1422:
1412:
1406:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1377:
1370:
1361:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1320:"The biology of
1316:
1307:
1306:
1285:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1248:
1233:Aviation biofuel
1034:had no success.
1027:nuclear disaster
1008:In June 2011, a
934:aviation biofuel
850:The US state of
685:
679:
506:
496:
482:Illustration of
479:
424:Siberian oilseed
404:gold-of-pleasure
375:
373:Thlaspi camelina
367:
359:
352:Bernh. ex Hoffm.
351:
343:
335:
333:Dorella oleifera
327:
319:
311:
303:
291:
279:
272:(DC.) N.W.Zinger
271:
263:
261:Camelina hirsuta
255:
247:
240:Besser ex Steud.
239:
237:Camelina ambigua
227:
219:
211:
209:Alyssum dentatum
203:
174:
49:
48:
35:
21:
20:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3659:Flora of Europe
3629:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3614:
3609:
3601:
3596:
3588:
3583:
3575:
3570:
3562:
3557:
3549:
3544:
3536:
3531:
3523:
3518:
3510:
3505:
3497:
3492:
3484:
3479:
3471:
3469:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3447:Myagrum sativum
3441:
3433:
3428:
3420:
3418:
3410:
3405:
3397:
3395:
3387:
3385:
3377:
3372:
3364:
3359:
3351:
3346:
3338:
3333:
3325:
3323:
3317:Camelina sativa
3315:
3310:
3302:
3297:
3289:
3286:Observation.org
3284:
3276:
3271:
3263:
3261:
3253:
3248:
3240:
3235:
3227:
3222:
3214:
3213:MichiganFlora:
3212:
3204:
3199:
3191:
3186:
3178:
3173:
3165:
3160:
3152:
3150:
3142:
3137:
3129:
3124:
3116:
3111:
3103:
3098:
3090:
3085:
3079:Camelina sativa
3077:
3072:
3064:
3059:
3051:
3046:
3038:
3033:
3025:
3020:
3014:Camelina_sativa
3012:
3007:
2999:
2994:
2986:
2981:
2973:
2971:
2963:
2958:
2950:
2948:
2941:Camelina sativa
2939:
2938:
2933:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2911:Camelina sativa
2905:
2888:
2883:
2865:
2841:Energy forestry
2809:
2741:
2703:Jatropha curcas
2664:
2657:
2565:Camelina sativa
2555:
2548:
2424:
2419:
2386:Camfeed Project
2348:Camelina sativa
2344:
2307:
2302:
2292:
2290:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2266:
2264:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2211:"News Archives"
2209:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2145:Wayback Machine
2136:
2132:
2116:
2112:
2067:
2063:
2009:
2005:
2000:Wayback Machine
1990:
1986:
1976:
1974:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1911:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1873:Wayback Machine
1863:
1859:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1786:
1784:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1733:
1731:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1676:
1674:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1572:
1570:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1518:
1514:
1509:Wayback Machine
1499:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1445:
1441:
1429:
1425:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1362:
1347:
1337:
1335:
1322:Camelina sativa
1318:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1293:Reader's Digest
1287:
1286:
1279:
1269:
1267:
1254:Camelina sativa
1250:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1229:
1209:
1190:
1152:Camelina sativa
1144:
1139:
1103:Camelina sativa
1087:Camelina sativa
1083:
1071:
1052:Atlantic salmon
1047:broiler chicken
1043:
1010:Gulfstream G450
848:
836:
667:Camelina sativa
643:polyunsaturated
628:
620:
614:
544:
538:and prairies).
520:
513:
512:museum specimen
510:Camelina sativa
507:
498:
480:
447:
392:flowering plant
387:Camelina sativa
365:Myagrum sativum
357:Moenchia sativa
297:Camelina sativa
292:(Mirek) Smejkal
285:Camelina sativa
269:Camelina pilosa
225:Alyssum sativum
217:Alyssum myagrum
186:
176:
172:Camelina sativa
170:
157:
43:
25:Camelina sativa
17:
12:
11:
5:
3682:
3672:
3671:
3669:Non-food crops
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3616:wfo-0000368936
3607:
3594:
3581:
3568:
3555:
3542:
3529:
3516:
3503:
3490:
3477:
3467:
3451:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3435:wfo-0000582189
3426:
3416:
3403:
3393:
3383:
3370:
3357:
3344:
3331:
3321:
3308:
3295:
3282:
3269:
3259:
3246:
3233:
3220:
3210:
3197:
3184:
3171:
3158:
3148:
3135:
3122:
3109:
3096:
3083:
3070:
3057:
3044:
3031:
3018:
3005:
2992:
2979:
2969:
2956:
2946:
2931:
2915:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2895:
2894:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2717:
2706:
2699:
2694:
2692:Chinese tallow
2689:
2682:
2677:
2669:
2667:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2560:
2558:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2539:Water hyacinth
2536:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2519:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2434:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2418:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2306:
2305:External links
2303:
2301:
2300:
2274:
2248:
2216:
2202:
2193:
2184:
2166:
2148:
2130:
2126:978-3805576406
2110:
2081:(2): 198–208.
2061:
2003:
1984:
1958:
1947:
1921:
1895:
1886:
1877:
1857:
1830:
1821:
1812:
1803:
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1711:
1702:
1693:
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1633:
1624:
1615:
1606:
1580:
1555:
1543:European Union
1530:
1512:
1490:
1481:
1455:
1439:
1423:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1345:
1308:
1301:
1277:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1228:
1225:
1208:
1207:Weed potential
1205:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1194:North America:
1189:
1186:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1105:that produced
1082:
1079:
1070:
1067:
1042:
1039:
899:U.S. Air Force
847:
844:
835:
832:
829:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
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732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
713:
712:
709:
706:
703:
702:18:3 (omega-3)
700:
699:18:2 (omega-6)
697:
694:
691:
688:
661:. It has 1–3%
627:
624:
616:Main article:
613:
610:
543:
540:
519:
516:
515:
514:
508:
501:
499:
484:C. sativa
481:
474:
446:
443:
416:linseed dodder
394:in the family
381:
380:
379:
378:
370:
362:
354:
346:
338:
330:
322:
314:
306:
294:
282:
274:
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258:
250:
242:
234:
222:
214:
206:
195:
194:
188:
187:
177:
166:
165:
159:
158:
154:C. sativa
151:
149:
145:
144:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
100:
99:
94:
87:
86:
81:
74:
73:
68:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3681:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3634:
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3608:
3604:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3573:
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3508:
3504:
3500:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3468:
3463:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3417:
3413:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3394:
3390:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3318:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3260:
3256:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3207:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3145:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2966:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2932:
2927:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2880:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2851:Food vs. fuel
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2711:
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2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2493:vegetable oil
2491:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
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2262:
2258:
2252:
2233:
2226:
2220:
2212:
2206:
2197:
2188:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2162:
2161:Yahoo Finance
2158:
2152:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2134:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2007:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1988:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1951:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1890:
1881:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1861:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1834:
1825:
1816:
1807:
1798:
1783:. 5 July 2023
1782:
1778:
1772:
1763:
1754:
1745:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1706:
1697:
1688:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1628:
1619:
1610:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1569:
1568:UK Government
1565:
1559:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1525:, p. 208, at
1524:
1523:
1516:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1497:
1495:
1485:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1452:0-415-23259-7
1449:
1443:
1437:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1420:1-84171-949-8
1417:
1411:
1402:
1393:
1374:
1367:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
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1333:
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1325:
1323:
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1304:
1298:
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1284:
1282:
1265:
1261:
1257:
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1234:
1231:
1230:
1224:
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1217:
1213:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1088:
1078:
1075:
1069:Use in Canada
1066:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1056:rainbow trout
1053:
1048:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
990:
988:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
942:F/A-18 Hornet
939:
935:
931:
927:
919:
915:
912:jet fuel and
911:
907:
903:
900:
895:
888:
884:
880:
875:
871:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
843:
841:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
801:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
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773:
772:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
743:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
714:
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692:
689:
687:
686:
683:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
633:
623:
619:
609:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
582:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
551:vegetable oil
548:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
524:South America
511:
505:
500:
497:
495:
489:
485:
478:
473:
472:
471:
468:
464:
460:
457:on the stem,
456:
452:
442:
440:
436:
433:
429:
425:
421:
420:German sesame
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
388:
374:
371:
366:
363:
358:
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318:
315:
310:
307:
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298:
295:
290:
286:
283:
278:
275:
270:
267:
262:
259:
256:(DC.) Fritsch
254:
251:
246:
243:
238:
235:
231:
226:
223:
218:
215:
210:
207:
202:
199:
198:
196:
193:
189:
185:
181:
175:
173:
167:
164:
163:Binomial name
160:
156:
155:
150:
147:
146:
143:
142:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
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111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
85:
82:
79:
76:
75:
72:
71:Tracheophytes
69:
66:
63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
3649:Brassicaceae
3446:
2910:
2719:
2713:
2709:
2701:
2684:
2680:Big bluestem
2672:
2665:energy crops
2620:
2563:
2353:
2347:
2312:
2291:. Retrieved
2287:the original
2277:
2265:. Retrieved
2261:the original
2251:
2239:. Retrieved
2219:
2205:
2196:
2187:
2178:
2169:
2160:
2151:
2133:
2113:
2078:
2074:
2064:
2021:
2017:
2006:
1987:
1975:. Retrieved
1971:the original
1961:
1950:
1938:. Retrieved
1924:
1912:. Retrieved
1908:the original
1898:
1889:
1880:
1860:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1806:
1797:
1785:. Retrieved
1780:
1771:
1762:
1753:
1744:
1732:. Retrieved
1728:the original
1723:
1714:
1705:
1696:
1687:
1675:. Retrieved
1661:
1649:. Retrieved
1636:
1627:
1618:
1609:
1597:. Retrieved
1593:the original
1583:
1571:. Retrieved
1567:
1558:
1546:. Retrieved
1542:
1533:
1527:Google Books
1520:
1515:
1484:
1472:. Retrieved
1458:
1442:
1426:
1410:
1401:
1392:
1380:. Retrieved
1336:. Retrieved
1321:
1288:
1268:. Retrieved
1259:
1256:(L.) Crantz"
1253:
1246:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1199:
1193:
1183:
1180:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1161:
1151:
1130:
1122:
1102:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1076:
1072:
1064:
1060:Atlantic cod
1044:
1036:
1014:business jet
1007:
991:
923:
917:
886:
877:A U.S. Navy
849:
837:
681:
666:
647:antioxidants
639:camelina oil
629:
621:
618:Camelina oil
583:
566:
563:Chalcolithic
546:
545:
521:
518:Distribution
509:
491:
487:
483:
451:annual plant
448:
428:Central Asia
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
396:Brassicaceae
386:
385:
384:
372:
364:
356:
348:
340:
332:
328:E.H.L.Krause
324:
316:
308:
300:
296:
288:
284:
276:
268:
260:
252:
244:
236:
224:
216:
208:
200:
171:
169:
153:
152:
140:
130:Brassicaceae
103:
90:
77:
64:
24:
18:
3340:kew-2694405
3224:NatureServe
3139:iNaturalist
2935:Wikispecies
2836:Energy crop
2783:Pellet fuel
2768:Biorefinery
2732:Switchgrass
2576:Coconut oil
2554:Energy from
2488:Cooking oil
2473:Biogasoline
2448:Babassu oil
2293:12 December
2267:12 December
1840:Aquaculture
1677:12 December
1599:12 December
1142:Cultivation
1041:Animal feed
982:Blue Angels
978:F-22 Raptor
902:F-22 Raptor
675:cooking oil
663:erucic acid
651:tocopherols
635:fatty acids
598:electricity
590:natural gas
579:Rhine River
532:New Zealand
445:Description
120:Brassicales
84:Angiosperms
3633:Categories
3419:WisFlora:
3335:Plant List
2746:Technology
2727:Salicornia
2710:Miscanthus
2633:Sugar beet
2505:cellulosic
2478:Bioliquids
2458:Biobutanol
1977:12 January
1940:12 January
1914:17 October
1651:25 October
1573:30 October
1548:30 October
1366:"Camelina"
1239:References
1137:Agronomics
1127:USDA-APHIS
1109:(EPA) and
1032:sunflowers
999:Boeing 747
916:made from
649:, such as
626:Human food
571:Bronze Age
557:levels at
459:lanceolate
408:false flax
3462:Q21977536
3092:200009289
3066:200009289
3048:FloraBase
2821:Agflation
2714:giganteus
2643:Sunflower
2638:Sugarcane
2556:foodstock
2463:Biodiesel
2422:Bioenergy
2128:, Page 34
1846:: 44–52.
1724:Volksrant
1382:22 August
1338:22 August
1212:C. sativa
1188:Cultivars
1097:In 2013,
1018:Honeywell
962:Earth Day
918:C. sativa
887:C. sativa
868:biodiesel
803:Sunflower
671:vitamin E
659:rancidity
655:oxidation
586:oil lamps
559:Auvernier
555:Neolithic
547:C. sativa
528:Australia
490:(2) from
455:alternate
412:wild flax
148:Species:
54:Kingdom:
3644:Biofuels
3598:Tropicos
3564:10599069
3551:287258-1
3456:Wikidata
3407:VicFlora
3396:VASCAN:
3374:Tropicos
3229:2.139398
3180:11350428
3167:279870-1
3009:eFloraSA
2972:BioLib:
2920:Wikidata
2879:Category
2814:Concepts
2697:Duckweed
2686:Camelina
2663:Non-food
2611:Rapeseed
2601:Palm oil
2544:Wood gas
2517:Methanol
2510:mixtures
2430:Biofuels
2241:26 April
2232:Archived
2141:Archived
2105:24308505
2056:24759634
2024:: 3706.
1996:Archived
1934:Archived
1869:Archived
1671:Archived
1645:Archived
1505:Archived
1468:Archived
1373:Archived
1332:Archived
1330:. 2014.
1264:Archived
1227:See also
1216:linicola
1158:, Poland
1156:Biskupin
1131:Camelina
1123:Camelina
1092:Camelina
1081:Genetics
1003:kerosene
954:Maryland
926:jet fuel
716:Camelina
606:breeding
575:Iron Age
486:(1) and
400:camelina
192:Synonyms
141:Camelina
126:Family:
97:Eudicots
3603:4103549
3525:3042437
3389:4957824
3379:4102131
3105:9073641
2996:Ecocrop
2926:Q163958
2628:Soybean
2622:Sorghum
2571:Cassava
2500:Ethanol
2483:Biomass
2453:Bagasse
2438:Alcohol
2096:4253037
2047:4015329
2026:Bibcode
1781:Reuters
1270:12 July
1214:subsp.
1200:Europe:
914:biofuel
856:biofuel
852:Montana
632:omega-3
594:propane
542:History
536:steppes
432:oilseed
344:Schrank
301:zingeri
289:zingeri
287:subsp.
232:) Scop.
136:Genus:
116:Order:
58:Plantae
3577:517385
3512:162847
3486:199214
3473:184926
3470:APDB:
3386:uBio:
3348:PLANTS
3304:776348
3262:NZOR:
3193:112916
3144:159732
3027:584191
3001:400004
2965:104427
2952:140984
2949:APDB:
2674:Arundo
2606:Potato
2522:Stover
2468:Biogas
2124:
2103:
2093:
2054:
2044:
1787:6 July
1734:18 May
1474:19 May
1450:
1418:
1299:
1058:, and
968:of an
956:. The
920:(2011)
889:(2010)
745:Canola
596:, and
530:, and
376:Crantz
336:Bubani
280:Moench
264:Bernh.
212:Willd.
184:Crantz
110:Rosids
3559:IRMNG
3538:24795
3507:EUNIS
3499:44RPQ
3353:CASA2
3327:12618
3324:PFI:
3291:18349
3273:NZPCN
3255:90675
3206:22600
3175:IRMNG
3154:34247
3151:IPA:
3074:FoAO2
3040:CMASA
2975:39159
2793:stove
2648:Wheat
2591:Maize
2581:Grape
2534:Straw
2443:Algae
2235:(PDF)
2228:(PDF)
1376:(PDF)
1369:(PDF)
904:over
711:22:1
567:circa
467:fruit
422:, or
406:, or
390:is a
304:Mirek
299:var.
220:Wibel
204:G.Don
104:Clade
91:Clade
78:Clade
65:Clade
3585:POWO
3572:ITIS
3546:IPNI
3533:GRIN
3520:GBIF
3481:APNI
3422:2854
3399:3942
3361:POWO
3312:PfaF
3278:4507
3250:NCBI
3201:ITIS
3162:IPNI
3131:8700
3126:GRIN
3118:1440
3113:GISD
3100:GBIF
3053:3003
3035:EPPO
2988:Q9DM
2960:APNI
2788:mill
2737:Wood
2616:Rice
2586:Hemp
2527:corn
2295:2012
2269:2012
2243:2013
2122:ISBN
2101:PMID
2052:PMID
1979:2015
1942:2015
1916:2014
1789:2023
1736:2021
1679:2012
1653:2015
1601:2012
1575:2021
1550:2021
1476:2005
1448:ISBN
1416:ISBN
1384:2015
1340:2015
1297:ISBN
1272:2020
974:JP-8
944:and
938:F414
910:JP-8
815:72.4
812:16.5
798:0.9
789:59.6
786:14.7
783:16.2
774:Flax
757:21.6
754:61.3
740:2.8
737:12.0
731:31.2
728:23.0
725:16.8
708:20:1
705:20:0
696:18:1
693:18:0
690:16:0
657:and
641:are
612:Uses
602:weed
573:and
439:flax
435:crop
360:Roth
320:Cav.
312:Host
3611:WFO
3494:CoL
3430:WFO
3237:NBN
3216:621
3188:ISC
3087:FoC
3061:FNA
3022:EoL
2983:CoL
2653:Yam
2596:Oat
2091:PMC
2083:doi
2042:PMC
2034:doi
1848:doi
1844:431
1432:doi
1154:in
995:KLM
809:4.0
806:6.0
780:3.1
777:5.3
760:6.6
748:6.2
722:3.0
719:7.8
3635::
3613::
3600::
3587::
3574::
3561::
3548::
3535::
3522::
3509::
3496::
3483::
3458::
3432::
3409::
3376::
3363::
3350::
3337::
3314::
3301::
3288::
3275::
3252::
3239::
3226::
3203::
3190::
3177::
3164::
3141::
3128::
3115::
3102::
3089::
3076::
3063::
3050::
3037::
3024::
3011::
2998::
2985::
2962::
2937::
2922::
2712:×
2362:,
2358:.
2352:.
2230:.
2177:.
2159:.
2099:.
2089:.
2079:77
2077:.
2073:.
2050:.
2040:.
2032:.
2020:.
2016:.
1932:.
1842:.
1779:.
1722:.
1566:.
1541:.
1493:^
1466:.
1348:^
1326:.
1311:^
1291:.
1280:^
1258:.
1223:.
1133:.
1054:,
1005:.
952:,
897:A
870:.
862:,
827:0
769:0
592:,
526:,
418:,
414:,
402:,
368:L.
230:L.
182:)
180:L.
106::
93::
80::
67::
2414:e
2407:t
2400:v
2366:.
2350:"
2346:"
2297:.
2271:.
2245:.
2213:.
2107:.
2085::
2058:.
2036::
2028::
2022:5
1981:.
1944:.
1918:.
1854:.
1850::
1791:.
1738:.
1681:.
1655:.
1603:.
1577:.
1552:.
1478:.
1434::
1386:.
1342:.
1305:.
1274:.
1252:"
824:0
821:0
818:0
795:0
792:0
766:0
763:0
751:0
734:0
228:(
178:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
