877:, the jurisdiction of the federal government is limited to areas prescribed by the constitution. Further, as executive power is constitutionally vested in the monarch, meaning the royal prerogative belongs to the Crown and not to any of its ministers, the sovereign's supremacy over the prime minister in the constitutional order is thus seen as a "rebuff to the pretensions of the elected: As it has been said, when the prime minister bows before the queen, he bows before us ." Either the sovereign or his or her governor general may therefore oppose the prime minister's will in extreme, crisis situations. Near the end of her time as governor general, Adrienne Clarkson stated: "My constitutional role has lain in what are called 'reserve powers': making sure that there is a prime minister and a government in place, and exercising the right 'to encourage, to advise, and to warn' Without really revealing any secrets, I can tell you that I have done all three."
124:
1198:
973:
98:
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826:—argued that both Parliament and the Cabinet had become eclipsed by prime ministerial power; Savoie wrote: "The Canadian prime minister has little in the way of institutional check, at least inside government, to inhibit his ability to have his way." Indeed, the position has been described as undergoing a "presidentialization", to the point that its incumbents publicly outshine the actual head of state (and
1255:; Joe Clark and Kim Campbell, who were university lecturers, Clark also consultant and Campbell working in international diplomacy and as the director of private companies and chairperson of interest groups; while Pierre Trudeau and Jean Chrétien returned to legal practice. Former prime ministers also commonly penned autobiographies—Tupper, for example—or published their memoirs—such as Diefenbaker and
862:, codifies the process by which a caucus may trigger a party leadership review and, if necessary, chose an interim leader, thereby making a prime minister more accountable to the MPs in his or her party. Caucuses may choose to follow these rules, though the decision would be made by recorded vote, thereby subjecting the party's choice to public scrutiny.
1239:, and John Turner, each before they returned to private business. Meighen was also appointed to the Senate following his second period as prime minister, but resigned his seat to seek re-election and moved to private enterprise after failing to win a riding. Also returning to civilian life were: Robert Borden, who was Chancellor of
582:
While there is no legal requirement for the prime minister to be an MP, for practical and political reasons the prime minister is expected to win a seat very promptly. However, in rare circumstances individuals who are not sitting members of the House of
Commons have been appointed to the position of
809:
Pierre
Trudeau is often credited with, throughout his tenure as prime minister (1968-79, 1980-84), consolidating power in the PMO, which is itself filled by political and administrative staff selected at the prime minister's discretion and unaccountable to Parliament. At the end of the 20th century
710:
wins a majority of seats, the prime minister may resign or choose to meet
Parliament to see if the incumbent government can win a confidence vote. Should the prime minister's party achieve a minority while an opposition party wins a plurality (i.e., more seats than any other party but less than a
654:
and smaller political parties typically do not follow the same practice. However, if the governing party selects a new leader shortly before an election is due, and that new leader is not a member of the legislature, they will normally await the upcoming election before running for a seat in
570:
A prime minister who has given his intention to resign may advise the governor general on whom to appoint as the next prime minister. However, if the prime minister is resigning because he has lost the confidence of the House of
Commons, the viceroy is not obligated to follow that advice.
686:, Section 56.1(2) limited the term of a government to four years, with election day being set as the third Monday in October of the fourth calendar year after the previous polling date. The governor general may still, on the advice of the prime minister, dissolve parliament and issue the
641:
When a prime minister loses their seat in the legislature, or should a new prime minister be appointed without holding a seat, the typical process that follows is that a member in the governing political party will resign to allow the prime minister to run in the resulting by-election. A
1007:
titles to
Canadians. The Crown in right of Canada (but not the Crown in right of the United Kingdom, which has periodically bestowed such Imperial honours on such citizens) has since adopted this policy generally, such that the last prime minister to be knighted near appointment was
546:
In 2008, a public opinion survey showed that 51% of
Canadians believed they voted to directly elect the prime minister. In fact, the prime minister, along with the other ministers in Cabinet, is appointed by the governor general on behalf of the monarch. By the conventions of
940:
for the prime minister and their family. All of the aforementioned is provided through budgets approved by
Parliament, as is the prime minister's total annual compensation of $ 357,800 (consisting of an MP's salary of $ 178,900 and the prime minister's salary of $ 178,900).
770:
given by the prime minister is ordinarily binding, meaning the prime minister effectively carries out those duties ascribed to the sovereign or governor general, leaving the latter to act in predominantly ceremonial fashions. As such, the prime minister, supported by the
705:
Following parliamentary dissolution, should the prime minister's party subsequently win a majority of seats in the House of
Commons, it is unnecessary to re-appoint the prime minister or for the prime minister to retake the oath of office. If, however, an
838:
alluded to what she saw as "an unspoken rivalry" that had developed between the prime minister and the Crown. It has been theorized that such is the case in Canada as its
Parliament is less influential on the executive than in other countries with
956:
were given private funerals, Bennett also being the only former prime minister of Canada to die and be buried outside the country and Bowell the only whose funeral was not attended by politicians. John
Thompson also died outside Canada, at
1012:, who was the prime minister at the time the Nickle Resolution was debated in the House of Commons (and was knighted before the resolution). Still, Bennett was, in 1941, six years after he stepped down as prime minister, elevated to the
999:, however, the House of Commons declared that it should be against the policy of the Canadian Sovereign (and the Canadian government advising the Monarch when such honours are not within the Monarch's personal gift) to bestow
791:, and approximately 3,100 other positions. Further, the prime minister plays a prominent role in the legislative process—with the majority of bills put before Parliament originating in the Cabinet—and the leadership of the
637:
as leader of the Liberal Party in 1984 and subsequently was appointed prime minister while not holding a seat in the House of Commons; Turner won a riding in the next election but the Liberal Party was swept from power.
551:, the foundation of parliamentary democracy, the governor general will call to form a government the individual most likely to receive the support, or confidence, of a majority of the directly elected members of the
1189:, after either the individual's political party won a general election or proposed to form either a confidence-and-supply government or coalition government. The term does not apply to incumbent prime ministers.
761:
and its executive powers, which are governed by the written constitution and constitutional conventions. However, the function of the prime minister has evolved with increasing power. Today, per the doctrines of
4377:
1609:
843:; particularly, Canada has fewer MPs, a higher turnover rate of MPs after each election, and a US-style system for selecting political party leaders, leaving them accountable to the party membership rather than
4277:
621:
Prime ministers who are not MPs upon their appointment (or who lose their seats while in office) have since been expected to seek election to the House of Commons as soon as possible. For example,
5602:
563:, of seats in the House of Commons. No document is needed to begin the appointment; the prime minister-designate becomes prime minister as soon as he accepts the governor general's invitation to
1746:
4262:
675:, meaning the post does not have a fixed term, and once appointed and sworn in by the governor general, the prime minister remains in office until they resign, are dismissed, or die.
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579:, the King must send for him." If the leader of the opposition is unable or unwilling to form a government, the governor general can consult whomever he wishes.
6673:
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2609:
4282:
2924:"Federal Government > Prime Ministers of Canada > Biographical Informarion > BENNETT, The Right Hon. Richard Bedford, P.C., K.C., K.G.St.J., LL.B."
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can quickly bring down a serving premier and even mere threats of such action can persuade or compel a prime minister to resign his post, as happened with
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775:(PMO), controls the appointments of many key figures in Canada's system of governance, including the governor general, the Cabinet, justices of the
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After exiting office, former prime ministers of Canada have engaged in various pursuits. Some remained in politics: Bowell continued as a senator,
850:
There do exist checks on the prime minister's power: the House of Commons may revoke its confidence in an incumbent prime minister and Cabinet or
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should not be used in official contexts. The written form of address for the prime minister should use his or her full parliamentary title:
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2185:
In the Wake of Constitutional Crisis: New Survey Demonstrates that Canadians Lack Basic Understanding of Our Country's Parliamentary System
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283:
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629:(that his party won), briefly governed without a seat in the House of Commons before winning a by-election a few weeks later. Similarly,
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1986:
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1223:, Mackenzie King, and Pierre Trudeau, all before being re-appointed as prime minister (Mackenzie King twice); Alexander Mackenzie and
518:
The position of prime minister is not outlined in any Canadian constitutional document and is mentioned only in a few sections of the
5918:
4614:
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4519:
749:, when, in fact, that role belongs to the Canadian monarch, represented by the governor general. The prime minister is, instead, the
1145:, around the time of Robert Borden's premiership. While contemporary sources will still speak of early prime ministers of Canada as
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920:. For transportation, the prime minister is afforded an armoured car (a car allowance of $ 2,000 per year) and shared use of two
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parties generally observed a practice of not running a candidate against another party's new leader in the by-election, the
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remained in the House of Commons as a backbench MP, and Bennett moved to the United Kingdom after being elevated to the
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1980:
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447:. The prime minister also selects individuals for appointment as governor general (in the federal jurisdiction) and
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2675:"Black v Chrétien: Suing a Minister of the Crown for Abuse of Power, Misfeasance in Public Office and Negligence"
1185:
The prime minister–designate of Canada is the person who has been designated as the future prime minister by the
1091:
870:
312:
555:; as a practical matter, this is often the leader of the party, or a coalition of parties, whose members form a
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2221:"First Among Equals: The Prime Minister in Canadian Life and Politics > Alone at the Top > Head of State"
1943:
1610:"House of Commons Procedure and Practice - 1. Parliamentary Institutions - Canadian Parliamentary Institutions"
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507:
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1082:, the 19th prime minister of Canada (1993) and only female and British Columbia–born person to hold the office
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1828:, On the Formation of Government, vol. 22, Edmonton: Centre for Constitutional Studies, p. 105
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412:), but, in practice, the powers of the monarch and governor general are nearly always exercised on the
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220:
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2716:
2715:. Vol. 30, no. 4. Ottawa: Commonwealth Parliamentary Association. p. 23. Archived from
2476:. Vol. Autumn 2009, no. 30. Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. p. 10. Archived from
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534:. The office and its functions are instead governed by constitutional conventions and modelled on the
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1149:, the modern practice is such that the federal head of government is known almost exclusively as the
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38:
3792:. The C. D. Howe Series in Canadian Political History Series. University of British Columbia Press.
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In the decades following Confederation, it was common practice to refer to the prime minister as
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Statesmen, Strategists and Diplomats: Canada's Prime Ministers and the Making of Foreign Policy
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majority), the prime minister can attempt to maintain the confidence of the House by forming a
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388:(MP) and leads the largest party or a coalition of parties. The prime minister is appointed by
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3183:"Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion > Styles of address — Federal dignitaries"
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377:
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62:"Premier of Canada" redirects here. For provincial and territorial heads of government, see
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to form a government. But Thompson declined and instead advised Stanley to call on Senator
966:
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permitted his lying-in-state before his body was returned to Canada for a state funeral in
742:
712:
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651:
564:
526:
429:
368:. Not outlined in any constitutional document, the office exists only per long-established
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for the remainder of their lives; should they remain sitting MPs, they may be referred as
8:
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List of prime ministers of Canada by time in office § Calculation of terms of office
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won a majority of seats. Trudeau's Liberals subsequently won a plurality of seats in the
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Because the prime minister is in practice the most politically powerful member of the
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with other minority parties, which was last entertained in 1925 or by entering into a
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1473:
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1201:
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987:
on newly appointed Canadian prime ministers. Accordingly, several carried the prefix
835:
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401:
294:
206:
865:
The Senate may delay or impede legislation put forward by the Cabinet, such as when
733:
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Prime Ministerial Power in Canada: Its Origins under Macdonald, Laurier, and Borden
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that the governor general refused the prime minister's request for a general vote.
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592:
588:
456:
63:
4109:
1401:
turned down the offer to be the next head of government, leading Governor General
855:
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is the current prime minister, who took office on November 4, 2015, following the
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5387:
5324:
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3709:
At the Centre of Government: The Prime Minister and the Limits on Political Power
3707:
3486:
3262:. Vol. 1902. Toronto: The Annual Review Publishing Company. pp. 449–453
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2291:
1290:
1228:
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Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Ancient, Free, & Accepted Masons of Canada
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of those who apply for them. The heraldic badge, referred to by the CHA as the
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958:
866:
634:
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131:
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2329:"Liberals' idea for gender quota in Cabinet leaves out the principle of merit"
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1963:
1945:'Complete nonsense': Experts dispute Scheer's claims about forming government
1410:
1276:
1227:, both prior to sitting as regular Members of Parliament until their deaths;
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909:
851:
746:
572:
409:
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2125:"NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh won't have a free pass if he runs in a byelection"
5347:
4778:
4705:
4104:
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2778:
2741:
1491:
This title is granted to holders of the office for life upon taking office.
1438:
poll found 42% of respondents thought the prime minister was head of state.
1079:
1064:
1040:
995:
refused the honour of a knighthood from Queen Victoria. Following the 1919
949:
819:
798:
3106:
General, The Office of the Secretary to the Governor (November 12, 2020).
2968:
2367:
Governing from the Centre: The Concentration of Power in Canadian Politics
1775:"Consolidated federal laws of canada, THE CONSTITUTION ACTS, 1867 to 1982"
1748:
Intergovernmental Affairs > About Canada > The Canadian Constitution
4873:
4685:
4114:
4094:
4004:
2610:"Thanks to the Senate, I've finally come around to liking the Reform Act"
1390:
1256:
1142:
1067:, Jean Chrétien and Paul Martin were granted arms with the augmentation.
1047:, consists of four red maple leaves joined at the stem on a white field (
823:
630:
584:
3730:
Canada's Prime Ministers, Governors General and Fathers of Confederation
1882:
1284:
4509:
3901:
3417:"Politics and Government > Sir John A. Macdonald > The Opponents"
3372:
3205:"Canada's Premier Talks; Attitude of the Dominion on the Seal Question"
1435:
984:
420:
to the House of Commons. Canadian prime ministers are appointed to the
3867:
3438:
Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland.
2706:"A Tradition of Vigilance: The Role of Lieutenant Governor in Alberta"
1906:
Disinformation as a Back Door to 'Constitutional Revolution' in Canada
1555:"The Canadian Parliamentary system - Our Procedure - House of Commons"
991:
before their name; of the first eight prime ministers of Canada, only
6248:
5178:
4084:
3341:"The Distribution of Human and Animal Life in Western Arctic America"
1792:
1090:
when one is speaking to the federal head of government directly; the
1060:
805:, the 10th prime minister of Canada (1921–1926; 1926–1930; 1935–1948)
643:
531:
4378:
Public Safety, Democratic Institutions and Intergovernmental Affairs
4163:
3809:
Unknown and unforgettable : a guide to Canada's Prime Ministers
3356:
3340:
1874:
1819:
Cyr, Hugo (2017), Lagassé, Philippe; MacDonald, Nicholas A. (eds.),
1798:
Letters Patent Constituting the Office of Governor General of Canada
1421:
and rejected the appointment as prime minister. Byng then installed
5432:
4670:
2191:, Toronto: Ipsos Reid, December 15, 2008, p. 1, archived from
1004:
5896:
5610:
2505:
Vive Quebec!: new thinking and new approaches to the Quebec nation
1710:
719:, or by winning support of other parties on a vote-by-vote basis.
4726:
4690:
4660:
3754:. The C.D. Howe Series in Canadian Political History. UBC Press.
2444:'I need help': Why did Canada's first lady spark such a backlash?
1021:
109:
3863:
Official government Web site of the Office of the Prime Minister
1975:(6 ed.), Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, pp. 3–4,
1106:, other members of parliament may address the prime minister as
4700:
4469:
3154:
2259:"Will the prorogation of Parliament set off a populist revolt?"
1075:
365:
4278:
Export Promotion, International Trade and Economic Development
3313:. Vol. 9. Santa Fe: Santa Fe Magazine. 1914. p. 44.
2842:"Did You Know > The Langevin Block from Yesterday to Today"
2646:(1 ed.), Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, p. 16,
1086:
Canada continues the Westminster tradition of using the title
983:
Prior to 1919, it was traditional for the monarch to bestow a
70:. For the government agency associated with the position, see
4731:
1878:
Media > Fact Sheets > The Swearing-In of a New Ministry
1413:
announced his intention to resign as prime minister in 1920.
1049:
Argent four maple leaves conjoined in cross at the stem Gules
3411:
3177:
2159:"Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Canada Elections Act"
1667:(5 ed.). Don Mills: Oxford University Press. pp.
617:, the first prime minister of Canada (1867–1873, 1878–1891)
2556:"Only in Canada: Harper's prorogation is a Canadian thing"
1347:
When the position is held by a woman, the French title is
1314:
List of prime ministers of Canada by religious affiliation
4438:
2087:"How Canadians Govern Themselves > The Prime Minister"
745:, they are sometimes erroneously referred to as Canada's
4288:
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario
4263:
Employment, Workforce Development and Official Languages
2869:"Frequently Asked Questions on State Funerals in Canada"
2417:"The Prime Minister's Wife: What Is Her Title, Exactly?"
1362:
When the style is held by a woman, the French title is:
892:, the official residence of the prime minister of Canada
575:
wrote, "where the government is defeated and there is a
2215:
1848:
Survey suggests Canadians ignorant of government system
914:
Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council building
245:
Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council building
3228:
2369:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 362.
1174:
3862:
3155:
Department of Canadian Heritage (October 16, 2017).
3108:"Chrétien, Joseph Jacques Jean [Individual]"
2866:
2583:
2508:. Toronto: James Lorimer & Company. p. 91.
2072:
2016:
1266:
1028:
in Canada. No prime minister has since been titled.
339:
1309:
List of prime ministers of Canada by time in office
599:, succeeded prime ministers who had died in office—
4253:Diversity, Inclusion and Persons with Disabilities
3811:. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Shorelawn Publishing.
3282:"Premier Pledges Canada to Fight Until War is Won"
3083:. Royal Heraldry Society of Canada. Archived from
3054:. Royal Heraldry Society of Canada. Archived from
3025:. Royal Heraldry Society of Canada. Archived from
2996:. Royal Heraldry Society of Canada. Archived from
2967:. Royal Heraldry Society of Canada. Archived from
2295:
1693:"Privy Council Office | The Canadian Encyclopedia"
690:prior to the date mandated by the constitution or
384:; as such, the prime minister typically sits as a
3630:. Vol. XVIII (1951–1960) (online ed.).
2918:
2531:"Keep the Queen and choose another head of state"
1128:the Right Honourable Minister of National Defence
1100:The Right Honourable , , Prime Minister of Canada
944:Serving or former prime ministers are accorded a
737:Canada's prime ministers during its first century
6797:
3680:. Vol. XXII (1991–2000) (online ed.).
3499:. Vol. XVII (1941–1950) (online ed.).
3471:. Vol. XVII (1941–1950) (online ed.).
3463:"Bennett, Richard Bedford, 1st Viscount Bennett"
3256:"The Proposed Union of Canada with Newfoundland"
3075:
3073:
3046:
3044:
2836:
2812:"GG reflects on mandate during farewell address"
1741:
1299:Historical rankings of prime ministers of Canada
1102:. However, while in the House of Commons during
916:(formerly known as Langevin Block), across from
5764:
5625:
4298:Fisheries, Oceans, and the Canadian Coast Guard
3580:. Vol. XIV (1911–1920) (online ed.).
3552:. Vol. XIV (1911–1920) (online ed.).
2988:
2986:
2904:. Vol. XII (1891–1900) (online ed.).
1773:Branch, Legislative Services (August 7, 2020).
1063:, Pierre Trudeau, John Turner, Brian Mulroney,
541:
5611:Heads of state and government of North America
3655:. Vol. XX (1971–1980) (online ed.).
3605:. Vol. XX (1971–1980) (online ed.).
3527:. Vol. XX (1971–1980) (online ed.).
3017:
3015:
1247:, as well as working in the financial sector;
1155:provincial and territorial heads of government
1130:, or should they become opposition leader, as
5912:
5596:
4454:
4179:
3977:
3963:
3699:List of books about prime ministers of Canada
3235:. Hamilton: Spectator Printing Co. p. 15
3070:
3041:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2302:. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. p.
1324:List of books about prime ministers of Canada
1132:the Right Honourable Leader of the Opposition
3787:
3351:(5). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing: 459–460.
3260:The Canadian Annual Review of Public Affairs
2983:
2871:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
2844:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
2679:Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law
1925:
1923:
1881:, Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from
1751:, Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from
1363:
1348:
1319:Prime ministers of Canada in popular culture
1162:
977:The mark of the prime ministership of Canada
948:, wherein their casket lies in state in the
87:
3012:
2502:Blair, Louisa (2001). Venne, Michel (ed.).
2252:
2250:
2106:
2104:
1504:is the current residence of Justin Trudeau.
1114:. Former prime ministers retain the prefix
583:prime minister. Two former prime ministers—
482:(twenty-two men and one woman) have formed
23:
5919:
5905:
5603:
5589:
4525:World wars and interwar period (1914–1945)
4461:
4447:
4186:
4172:
4148:
3970:
3956:
3674:. In Cook, Ramsay; BĂ©langer, RĂ©al (eds.).
3649:. In Cook, Ramsay; BĂ©langer, RĂ©al (eds.).
3624:. In Cook, Ramsay; BĂ©langer, RĂ©al (eds.).
3599:. In Cook, Ramsay; BĂ©langer, RĂ©al (eds.).
3521:. In Cook, Ramsay; BĂ©langer, RĂ©al (eds.).
3493:. In Cook, Ramsay; BĂ©langer, RĂ©al (eds.).
3465:. In Cook, Ramsay; BĂ©langer, RĂ©al (eds.).
3338:
2952:
2140:
2138:
2058:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1875:Office of the Governor General of Canada,
1016:by King George VI as Viscount Bennett, of
591:—served in the 1890s while members of the
122:
24:
4283:Families, Children and Social Development
3768:
3619:
3588:
3574:. In Cook, Ramsay; Hamelin, Jean (eds.).
3565:
3563:
3546:. In Cook, Ramsay; Hamelin, Jean (eds.).
2814:. CTV. September 14, 2005. Archived from
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1920:
1791:
1381:died in office in 1891, Governor General
1192:
757:the Crown on how to exercise much of the
646:is usually chosen; while the Liberal and
3594:
3541:
2440:
2247:
2101:
2043:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1527:
1196:
1074:
1045:mark of the Prime Ministership of Canada
979:, applied to the arms of prime ministers
971:
952:of Parliament Hill. Only Bowell and the
884:
873:(GST) came before the Senate, and given
797:
732:
609:
68:joint premiers of the Province of Canada
32:This is an accepted version of this page
4997:
4318:Housing, Infrastructure and Communities
3833:
3726:
3669:
3644:
3613:
3569:
3512:
3510:
3253:
3105:
2703:
2666:
2633:
2464:
2290:
2135:
2122:
1528:Heritage, Canadian (October 16, 2017).
1035:(CHA) grants former prime ministers an
682:to five years, a 2007 amendment to the
513:
467:, and the chairs and boards of various
439:The prime minister is supported by the
14:
6798:
5421:
4233:Associate Minister of National Defence
3806:
3705:
3560:
3485:
2607:
2584:Parliament of Canada (June 23, 2015),
2528:
2364:
2352:
2256:
2241:
2176:
2144:
2110:
2084:
2003:
1962:
1941:
1929:
1902:
1772:
1660:
1640:"Indemnities, Salaries and Allowances"
1523:
1521:
1428:
1329:Spouse of the prime minister of Canada
1161:(in French, premiers are addressed as
678:While the lifespan of a parliament is
416:of the Cabinet, which is collectively
400:, selects other ministers to form the
376:, the prime minister governs with the
5900:
5584:
5227:Metropolitan areas and agglomerations
4442:
4328:Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship
4193:
4167:
3951:
3747:
3516:
3460:
3339:Freshfield, A. C. Haddon (May 1913).
2893:
2777:
2740:
2501:
2447:, Australian Broadcasting Corporation
2414:
2326:
1952:from the original on October 21, 2019
1627:
1141:, a custom that continued during the
722:
408:is vested in the monarch (who is the
72:Office of the Prime Minister (Canada)
3507:
3393:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2010
2783:"A lightning rod for patriotic love"
2553:
2391:"Time to address democratic deficit"
810:and into the 21st, analysts—such as
436:), a privilege maintained for life.
5926:
5500:Topics by provinces and territories
4428:Women and Gender Equality and Youth
3712:. McGill-Queen's University Press.
2672:
2415:Zamon, Rebecca (November 4, 2015).
2048:(1 ed.), Cambridge, p. 35
1818:
1801:, Ottawa: King's Printer for Canada
1664:Canadian Democracy: An Introduction
1518:
1441:
1231:dying while still in the post; and
1126:title (if appointed to one), as in
1112:the Right Honourable Prime Minister
1070:
900:are provided to the prime minister—
66:. For the historical position, see
56:
3692:
2896:"Thompson, Sir John Sparrow David"
2752:. Toronto: Rogers Communications.
2685:(3). Perth: Murdoch University: 12
2554:Foot, Richard (January 15, 2010),
2156:
1909:, Toronto: Ontario Bar Association
1868:
1722:Library of the Canadian Parliament
1458:
1175:Prime minister-designate of Canada
785:ambassadors and high commissioners
57:
6827:
3856:
3788:English, J.R.; Dutil, P. (2023).
3387:"Sir John Sparrow David Thompson"
3307:"The Santa Fe magazine, Volume 9"
3052:"Mulroney, Rt. Hon. Martin Brian"
2994:"Trudeau, Rt. Hon. Pierre Elliot"
2898:. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.).
2257:Geddes, John (January 25, 2009).
1942:Bryden, Joan (October 19, 2019),
1417:was summoned by Governor General
1304:List of prime ministers of Canada
1051:); the augmentation is usually a
841:Westminster parliamentary systems
658:
536:same office in the United Kingdom
404:and chairs it. Constitutionally,
6499:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
5872:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
5733:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
5563:
5562:
5550:
4333:Innovation, Science and Industry
4147:
4138:
4137:
3677:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
3652:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
3627:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
3602:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
3577:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
3549:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
3524:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
3496:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
3468:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
2965:"Clark, Rt. Hon. Charles Joseph"
2901:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
2529:Franks, C.E.S. (April 9, 2010),
2467:"The Senior Realms of the Queen"
1283:
1269:
1120:the Right Honourable Member for
1108:the Right Honourable Member for
928:for international flights and a
108:
96:
4585:Former colonies and territories
4383:Public Services and Procurement
3874:Library of Parliament of Canada
3663:
3638:
3535:
3479:
3454:
3431:
3405:
3379:
3332:
3299:
3274:
3247:
3222:
3197:
3179:Department of Canadian Heritage
3171:
3148:
3118:
3099:
2938:
2912:
2887:
2860:
2830:
2804:
2771:
2734:
2704:Neitsch, Alfred Thomas (2008).
2697:
2627:
2601:
2577:
2547:
2522:
2495:
2458:
2441:Alberici, Emma (May 18, 2016),
2434:
2408:
2383:
2358:
2346:
2327:Coyne, Andrew (June 30, 2015).
2320:
2284:
2235:
2209:
2150:
2123:Grenier, Éric (July 12, 2018).
2116:
2078:
2066:
2044:Jennings, William Ivor (1947),
2037:
1969:How Canadians Govern Themselves
1956:
1935:
1896:
1862:
1839:
1812:
1785:
1766:
1735:
1685:
1371:
1356:
1215:. A number were leaders of the
1092:Department of Canadian Heritage
1020:in the County of Surrey and of
789:provincial lieutenant governors
729:King's Privy Council for Canada
717:confidence-and-supply agreement
625:, after losing his seat in the
597:government leader in the Senate
4520:Post-Confederation (1867–1914)
4273:Environment and Climate Change
3491:"King, William Lyon Mackenzie"
3288:, p. 1, November 21, 1916
3229:Grand Lodge of Canada (1884).
3130:The Governor General of Canada
3023:"Turner, Rt. Hon. John Napier"
2608:Selley, Chris (May 28, 2015).
2157:Branch, Legislative Services.
1697:www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
1654:
1602:
1584:The Governor General of Canada
1572:
1547:
1494:
1485:
1341:
13:
1:
6811:1867 establishments in Canada
3879:Canada's Best Prime Ministers
3771:The Prime Ministers of Canada
3126:"Paul Edgar Phillippe Martin"
2713:Canadian Parliamentary Review
2085:Forsey, Eugene (March 2012).
2017:Government of Canada (1970),
1851:, CBC News, December 14, 2008
1822:The Crown in the 21st Century
1511:
1500:Under renovation since 2015.
1014:peerage of the United Kingdom
934:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
880:
830:are sometimes referred to as
380:of a majority of the elected
4353:Mental Health and Addictions
4268:Energy and Natural Resources
4228:Associate Minister of Health
3921:Canadian order of precedence
3620:Glassford, Larry A. (2016).
3419:. Queen's Printer for Canada
3254:Hopkins, J. Castell (1901).
3185:. Queen's Printer for Canada
3159:. Queen's Printer for Canada
3081:"Campbell, Rt. Hon. Kim, PC"
2673:Cox, Noel (September 2002).
2590:, Queen's Printer for Canada
2465:Jackson, Michael D. (2009).
2223:. Queen's Printer for Canada
2089:. Queen's Printer for Canada
847:(as is the case in the UK).
773:Office of the Prime Minister
542:Qualifications and selection
59:Head of government of Canada
7:
6089:Congo (Democratic Republic)
4565:Crown and Indigenous people
4403:Sport and Physical Activity
3682:University of Toronto Press
3657:University of Toronto Press
3632:University of Toronto Press
3607:University of Toronto Press
3582:University of Toronto Press
3554:University of Toronto Press
3529:University of Toronto Press
3501:University of Toronto Press
3473:University of Toronto Press
3413:Library and Archives Canada
3211:, p. 9, March 12, 1893
3134:Canadian Heraldic Authority
2906:University of Toronto Press
2217:Library and Archives Canada
1718:"Prime Ministers of Canada"
1383:the Lord Stanley of Preston
1350:première ministre du Canada
1262:
1033:Canadian Heraldic Authority
834:). Former governor general
803:William Lyon Mackenzie King
623:William Lyon Mackenzie King
605:John Sparrow David Thompson
585:John Joseph Caldwell Abbott
10:
6832:
5455:Provincial and territorial
5378:Inventions and discoveries
4515:British Canada (1763–1867)
4468:
4388:Rural Economic Development
4248:Crown–Indigenous Relations
3910:Governor General of Canada
3696:
3519:"Diefenbaker, John George"
3440:"John Alexander MacDonald"
2926:Queen's Printer for Canada
2867:State Funerals in Canada.
2265:. Toronto: Kenneth Whyte.
1393:. Ahead of Prime Minister
1178:
1167:, literally translated as
912:—as well an office in the
726:
669:The prime minister serves
662:
595:. Both, in their roles as
358:premier ministre du Canada
89:Premier ministre du Canada
61:
6806:Prime ministers of Canada
6682:
5934:
5755:
5616:
5544:
5508:
5482:
5333:
5249:
5219:
5171:
5162:
5063:
4901:
4837:
4753:
4744:
4714:
4681:Newfoundland and Labrador
4653:
4642:
4548:
4485:
4476:
4338:International Development
4223:Agriculture and Agri-Food
4201:
4133:
3985:
3979:Prime ministers of Canada
3926:
3916:
3898:
3893:
3672:"Trudeau, Pierre Elliott"
3595:Bothwell, Robert (2016).
3570:Buckner, Phillip (1998).
2298:The Friendly Dictatorship
2073:Government of Canada 1970
1419:the Viscount Byng of Vimy
672:at His Majesty's pleasure
334:
318:
308:
300:
290:
284:constitutional convention
278:
273:At His Majesty's pleasure
266:
250:
238:
226:
216:
188:
180:
155:
144:
119:
107:
95:
86:
81:
6624:Turks and Caicos Islands
6074:Central African Republic
3918:Prime Minister of Canada
3868:Prime Minister of Canada
3834:Stewart, J.D.M. (2018).
3647:"Pearson, Lester Bowles"
3345:The Geographical Journal
2474:Canadian Monarchist News
2026:, WordPress, p. 145
1795:(October 1, 1947), "I",
1661:Brooks, Stephen (2007).
1397:'s resignation in 1896,
1334:
1251:, who was Chancellor of
1181:Prime minister-designate
932:for domestic trips. The
828:prime minister's spouses
698:was the only time since
680:constitutionally limited
577:leader of the opposition
354:prime minister of Canada
82:Prime Minister of Canada
39:latest accepted revision
4615:Persons of significance
4610:National Historic Sites
4308:Government House Leader
3938:Chief Justice of Canada
3733:. Pembroke Publishers.
3542:BĂ©langer, RĂ©al (1998).
3391:Encyclopædia Britannica
2365:Savoie, Donald (1999).
2163:laws-lois.justice.gc.ca
1779:laws-lois.justice.gc.ca
1580:"Constitutional Duties"
908:, a country retreat in
875:Canada's federal nature
764:constitutional monarchy
753:and is responsible for
506:, leaving Trudeau with
461:Supreme Court of Canada
441:Prime Minister's Office
392:'s representative, the
279:Constituting instrument
262:of the House of Commons
18:Canadian Prime Minister
6034:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4510:New France (1534–1763)
4258:Emergency Preparedness
3769:Donaldson, G. (1994).
3670:English, John (2016).
3645:English, John (2016).
3544:"Laurier, Sir Wilfrid"
3517:Smith, Dennis (2016).
2746:"Defending the royals"
1642:. Parliament of Canada
1364:
1349:
1204:
1193:Activities post-tenure
1163:
1094:advises that the term
1083:
1037:augmentation of honour
980:
936:also furnish constant
893:
871:Goods and Services Tax
806:
738:
618:
549:responsible government
521:Constitution Act, 1982
433:
357:
88:
6509:São Tomé and Principe
6489:Saint Kitts and Nevis
5862:Saint Kitts and Nevis
5723:Saint Kitts and Nevis
4722:Northwest Territories
4625:Territorial evolution
4218:Deputy Prime Minister
3807:Schlee, Gary (2018).
3697:Further information:
3572:"Tupper, Sir Charles"
2920:Library of Parliament
2744:(November 13, 2009).
1903:Pothen, Phil (2009),
1425:as his chief advisor.
1219:: John A. Macdonald,
1200:
1179:Further information:
1078:
975:
888:
869:'s bill creating the
801:
793:Canadian Armed Forces
779:, senators, heads of
736:
727:Further information:
663:Further information:
627:1925 federal election
613:
492:2015 federal election
455:), as well as to the
313:Deputy Prime Minister
6816:Government of Canada
6644:United Arab Emirates
4696:Prince Edward Island
3894:Order of precedence
3837:Being Prime Minister
3773:. Doubleday Canada.
3727:Coucill, I. (2005).
3597:"St. Laurent, Louis"
3461:Waite, P.B. (2016).
2894:Waite, P.B. (1990).
2875:on December 27, 2009
2838:Privy Council Office
2483:on December 29, 2009
2198:on December 16, 2008
1992:on December 29, 2009
1755:on February 27, 2014
1743:Privy Council Office
1403:the Earl of Aberdeen
1377:When Prime Minister
1164:premier ministre du
1116:the Right Honourable
832:First Lady of Canada
692:Canada Elections Act
684:Canada Elections Act
652:New Democratic Party
527:Letters Patent, 1947
514:Origin of the office
508:minority governments
445:Privy Council Office
430:the Right Honourable
386:member of Parliament
165:The Right Honourable
150:Privy Council Office
146:Government of Canada
6614:Trinidad and Tobago
5964:Antigua and Barbuda
5877:Trinidad and Tobago
5772:Antigua and Barbuda
5757:Heads of government
5738:Trinidad and Tobago
5633:Antigua and Barbuda
5051:Firearms regulation
4323:Indigenous Services
3706:Brodie, I. (2018).
3157:"Styles of address"
2818:on October 13, 2007
2722:on October 25, 2012
2566:on January 18, 2010
2421:The Huffington Post
1530:"Styles of address"
1409:as prime minister.
1253:Carleton University
1245:McGill Universities
1217:Official Opposition
993:Alexander Mackenzie
898:official residences
743:Canadian government
449:lieutenant governor
406:executive authority
29:Page version status
5812:Dominican Republic
5673:Dominican Republic
5232:Population centres
4243:Citizens' Services
3748:Dutil, P. (2017).
3286:The New York Times
3209:The New York Times
2947:The London Gazette
2781:(April 10, 2002),
2535:The Globe and Mail
2397:, January 27, 2010
2244:, pp. 233–235
2046:Cabinet Government
1205:
1169:prime minister of
1096:Mr. Prime Minister
1084:
1055:or centred in the
981:
894:
807:
781:Crown corporations
751:head of government
739:
723:Role and authority
619:
559:, or a very large
480:23 prime ministers
469:Crown corporations
374:Westminster system
362:head of government
35:
6793:
6792:
6149:Equatorial Guinea
5894:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5751:
5750:
5578:
5577:
5557:Canada portal
5478:
5477:
5245:
5244:
5059:
5058:
5014:Political parties
4982:Foreign relations
4897:
4896:
4784:Canadian Prairies
4774:Pacific Northwest
4740:
4739:
4638:
4637:
4595:Foreign relations
4436:
4435:
4238:Canadian Heritage
4195:Cabinet of Canada
4161:
4160:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3927:Succeeded by
3914:
3847:978-1-4597-3849-2
3818:978-1-7753780-0-6
3799:978-0-7748-6855-6
3780:978-0-385-25454-0
3761:978-0-7748-3476-6
3740:978-1-55138-185-5
3719:978-0-7735-5378-1
3622:"Meighen, Arthur"
3442:. Queen's Printer
3415:(June 25, 2008).
3136:. August 15, 2013
2653:978-0-662-46012-1
2640:A Crown of Maples
2635:MacLeod, Kevin S.
2515:978-1-55028-734-9
2376:978-0-8020-8252-7
2313:978-0-7710-8079-1
1678:978-0-19-543103-2
1614:www.ourcommons.ca
1590:on April 23, 2020
1559:www.ourcommons.ca
1474:Cabinet of Canada
1453:Cabinet of Canada
1379:John A. Macdonald
1365:La très honorable
1249:Lester B. Pearson
1237:Louis St. Laurent
1139:Premier of Canada
997:Nickle Resolution
938:personal security
922:official aircraft
836:Adrienne Clarkson
759:royal prerogative
688:writs of election
615:John A. Macdonald
601:John A. Macdonald
565:form a government
530:, issued by King
434:Le très honorable
350:
349:
295:John A. Macdonald
47:30 September 2024
26:
16:(Redirected from
6823:
6745:Nagorno-Karabakh
6449:Papua New Guinea
6084:Congo (Republic)
5921:
5914:
5907:
5898:
5897:
5765:Sovereign states
5762:
5761:
5626:Sovereign states
5623:
5622:
5605:
5598:
5591:
5582:
5581:
5566:
5565:
5555:
5554:
5553:
5419:
5418:
5262:Higher education
5169:
5168:
5154:Science and tech
5041:Multiculturalism
4995:
4994:
4977:Local government
4942:House of Commons
4926:Governor General
4762:
4751:
4750:
4666:British Columbia
4651:
4650:
4505:Pre-colonization
4483:
4482:
4463:
4456:
4449:
4440:
4439:
4423:Veterans Affairs
4368:Northern Affairs
4363:National Revenue
4358:National Defence
4188:
4181:
4174:
4165:
4164:
4151:
4150:
4141:
4140:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3949:
3948:
3933:
3905:
3899:Preceded by
3891:
3890:
3851:
3830:
3803:
3784:
3765:
3744:
3723:
3686:
3685:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3567:
3558:
3557:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3514:
3505:
3504:
3487:Neatby, H. Blair
3483:
3477:
3476:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3409:
3403:
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3400:
3398:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3278:
3272:
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3269:
3267:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3242:
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3201:
3195:
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3146:
3145:
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3141:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3087:on June 13, 2011
3077:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3048:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3029:on June 13, 2011
3019:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2990:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2971:on June 13, 2011
2961:
2950:
2949:, July 22, 1941.
2942:
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2834:
2828:
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2823:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2789:, archived from
2775:
2769:
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2764:
2738:
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2731:
2729:
2727:
2721:
2710:
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2599:
2598:
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2581:
2575:
2574:
2573:
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2562:, archived from
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2362:
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2344:
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2341:
2339:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2301:
2292:Simpson, Jeffrey
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2254:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2213:
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2203:
2197:
2190:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2154:
2148:
2142:
2133:
2132:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2057:
2049:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2025:
2020:Governor General
2014:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1991:
1985:, archived from
1974:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1885:on June 16, 2008
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1647:
1636:
1625:
1624:
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1620:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1586:. Archived from
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1525:
1505:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1477:
1466:Responsibilities
1462:
1456:
1445:
1439:
1432:
1426:
1395:Mackenzie Bowell
1375:
1369:
1367:
1360:
1354:
1352:
1345:
1293:
1288:
1287:
1279:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1225:John Diefenbaker
1187:governor general
1166:
1071:Style of address
954:Viscount Bennett
860:Reform Act, 2014
708:opposition party
696:King–Byng Affair
589:Mackenzie Bowell
553:House of Commons
457:Senate of Canada
394:governor general
382:House of Commons
346:
343:
341:
330:
328:
291:Inaugural holder
255:Governor General
221:House of Commons
209:
139:
138:November 4, 2015
126:
112:
100:
91:
79:
78:
64:Premier (Canada)
21:
6831:
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6795:
6794:
6789:
6678:
6549:Solomon Islands
6429:North Macedonia
6114:Northern Cyprus
5936:
5935:Prime ministers
5930:
5928:Prime ministers
5925:
5895:
5886:
5747:
5612:
5609:
5579:
5574:
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5549:
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5504:
5474:
5417:
5329:
5320:Social programs
5286:Law enforcement
5241:
5215:
5158:
5055:
4993:
4893:
4833:
4820:Atlantic Canada
4798:Canadian Shield
4793:Northern Canada
4760:
4759:
4736:
4710:
4646:and territories
4645:
4634:
4544:
4491:
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4467:
4437:
4432:
4303:Foreign Affairs
4197:
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4162:
4157:
4129:
3981:
3976:
3932:
3919:
3904:
3859:
3854:
3848:
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3800:
3781:
3762:
3741:
3720:
3701:
3695:
3693:Further reading
3690:
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3380:
3357:10.2307/1778163
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3333:
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3321:
3305:
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3291:
3289:
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3279:
3275:
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3149:
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3124:
3123:
3119:
3104:
3100:
3090:
3088:
3079:
3078:
3071:
3061:
3059:
3058:on July 6, 2011
3050:
3049:
3042:
3032:
3030:
3021:
3020:
3013:
3003:
3001:
3000:on May 15, 2011
2992:
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2974:
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2963:
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2929:
2927:
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2878:
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2865:
2861:
2851:
2849:
2848:on May 22, 2013
2835:
2831:
2821:
2819:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2796:
2794:
2793:on May 23, 2006
2776:
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2015:
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1948:, Global News,
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1291:Politics portal
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1229:Wilfrid Laurier
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1143:First World War
1104:Question Period
1073:
918:Parliament Hill
906:Harrington Lake
902:24 Sussex Drive
890:24 Sussex Drive
883:
812:Jeffrey Simpson
731:
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544:
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338:
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6674:Western Sahara
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5521:Historiography
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5237:Municipalities
5234:
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5149:Transportation
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5134:Stock exchange
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5102:Communications
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4955:
4948:Prime Minister
4945:
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4907:
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4869:National Parks
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4815:Eastern Canada
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4803:Central Canada
4800:
4795:
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4776:
4769:Western Canada
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4761:(west to east)
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1088:Prime Minister
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959:Windsor Castle
930:Challenger 601
926:CC-150 Polaris
904:in Ottawa and
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867:Brian Mulroney
852:caucus revolts
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660:
659:Term of office
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635:Pierre Trudeau
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4090:P. E. Trudeau
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2779:Coyne, Andrew
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2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1988:
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1982:0-662-39689-8
1978:
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1951:
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1932:, p. 235
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816:Donald Savoie
813:
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774:
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748:
747:head of state
744:
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700:Confederation
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69:
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48:
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40:
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28:
19:
6775:Turkmenistan
6765:South Africa
6534:Sint Maarten
6514:Saudi Arabia
6094:Cook Islands
6063:
6044:Burkina Faso
5791:
5567:
5548:
5516:Bibliography
5438:Coat of arms
5422:
5343:Architecture
5313:Homelessness
5164:Demographics
5083:Floriculture
5019:Human rights
4998:
4987:Peacekeeping
4947:
4916:Constitution
4838:
4779:Great Plains
4754:
4706:Saskatchewan
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3537:
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3481:
3466:
3456:
3444:. Retrieved
3433:
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3407:
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3390:
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3311:The Santa Fe
3310:
3301:
3290:, retrieved
3285:
3276:
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3259:
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3237:. Retrieved
3231:
3224:
3213:, retrieved
3208:
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3173:
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3150:
3140:November 29,
3138:. Retrieved
3129:
3120:
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3101:
3089:. Retrieved
3085:the original
3060:. Retrieved
3056:the original
3031:. Retrieved
3027:the original
3002:. Retrieved
2998:the original
2973:. Retrieved
2969:the original
2946:
2940:
2930:December 10,
2928:. Retrieved
2914:
2899:
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2879:December 10,
2877:. Retrieved
2873:the original
2862:
2850:. Retrieved
2846:the original
2832:
2820:. Retrieved
2816:the original
2806:
2795:, retrieved
2791:the original
2786:
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2717:the original
2712:
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2682:
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2657:, retrieved
2639:
2629:
2617:. Retrieved
2613:
2603:
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2564:the original
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2534:
2524:
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2497:
2485:. Retrieved
2478:the original
2473:
2460:
2449:, retrieved
2443:
2436:
2424:. Retrieved
2420:
2410:
2399:, retrieved
2395:Toronto Star
2394:
2385:
2366:
2360:
2348:
2336:. Retrieved
2332:
2322:
2297:
2286:
2274:. Retrieved
2262:
2237:
2225:. Retrieved
2211:
2200:, retrieved
2193:the original
2184:
2178:
2168:November 17,
2166:. Retrieved
2162:
2152:
2128:
2118:
2113:, p. 38
2093:November 26,
2091:. Retrieved
2080:
2068:
2045:
2039:
2028:, retrieved
2019:
1994:, retrieved
1987:the original
1968:
1958:
1944:
1937:
1911:, retrieved
1905:
1898:
1887:, retrieved
1883:the original
1877:
1870:
1864:
1853:, retrieved
1847:
1841:
1830:, retrieved
1821:
1814:
1803:, retrieved
1797:
1787:
1778:
1768:
1757:, retrieved
1753:the original
1747:
1737:
1727:February 26,
1725:. Retrieved
1721:
1712:
1700:. Retrieved
1696:
1687:
1663:
1656:
1644:. Retrieved
1617:. Retrieved
1613:
1604:
1592:. Retrieved
1588:the original
1583:
1574:
1562:. Retrieved
1558:
1549:
1537:. Retrieved
1533:
1496:
1487:
1460:
1443:
1430:
1415:Thomas White
1399:Donald Smith
1373:
1358:
1343:
1206:
1184:
1168:
1158:
1153:, while the
1150:
1146:
1138:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1087:
1085:
1080:Kim Campbell
1065:Kim Campbell
1048:
1044:
1041:coat of arms
1030:
1001:aristocratic
988:
982:
950:Centre Block
943:
895:
864:
859:
849:
831:
820:Andrew Coyne
808:
740:
704:
691:
683:
677:
670:
668:
655:Parliament.
648:Conservative
640:
620:
603:in 1891 and
581:
569:
545:
525:
519:
517:
473:
438:
372:. Under the
353:
351:
304:July 1, 1867
181:Abbreviation
76:
46:
37:This is the
31:
6755:Philippines
6494:Saint Lucia
6419:New Zealand
6414:Netherlands
6289:South Korea
6284:North Korea
5949:Afghanistan
5867:Saint Lucia
5817:El Salvador
5728:Saint Lucia
5678:El Salvador
5398:Individuals
5206:2021 Census
5191:Immigration
5073:Agriculture
5034:Transgender
4874:Great Lakes
4854:Earthquakes
4808:Great Lakes
4715:Territories
4686:Nova Scotia
4605:Monarchical
4590:Immigration
4070:Diefenbaker
4065:St. Laurent
3840:. Dundurn.
3446:January 25,
3423:January 25,
3397:January 25,
3324:January 25,
3292:January 25,
3266:January 25,
3239:January 25,
3215:January 25,
3189:January 24,
2852:January 17,
2570:January 16,
2540:January 23,
2487:January 17,
2401:January 27,
2353:Brooks 2007
2276:January 27,
2242:Brooks 2007
2227:January 18,
2147:, p. 5
2145:Forsey 2005
2111:Forsey 2005
1996:December 9,
1930:Brooks 2007
1702:October 30,
1405:to appoint
1391:John Abbott
1385:approached
1257:Paul Martin
1157:are termed
1122:, by their
824:John Gomery
631:John Turner
418:responsible
390:the monarch
268:Term length
136:since
6800:Categories
6760:Seychelles
6654:Uzbekistan
6594:Tajikistan
6394:Mozambique
6384:Montenegro
6364:Mauritania
6344:Madagascar
6339:Luxembourg
6304:Kyrgyzstan
6279:Kazakhstan
6139:East Timor
6069:Cape Verde
5999:Bangladesh
5984:Azerbaijan
5937:by country
5797:Costa Rica
5658:Costa Rica
5526:Historians
5383:Literature
5296:Corruption
5279:Euthanasia
5269:Healthcare
5211:Population
4933:Parliament
4903:Government
4540:since 1982
4125:J. Trudeau
3902:Mary Simon
3870:on YouTube
3827:1108336247
2587:Bill C-586
1512:References
1436:Ipsos-Reid
1110:or simply
985:knighthood
881:Privileges
524:, and the
396:, and, as
378:confidence
370:convention
260:confidence
217:Reports to
196:Parliament
173:(informal)
6720:Indonesia
6579:Swaziland
6569:Sri Lanka
6529:Singapore
6444:Palestine
6369:Mauritius
6334:Lithuania
6199:Greenland
5979:Australia
5852:Nicaragua
5827:Guatemala
5713:Nicaragua
5688:Guatemala
5301:Terrorism
5257:Education
5196:Languages
5184:Ethnicity
5179:Canadians
5127:Petroleum
5107:Companies
5009:Elections
4889:Volcanism
4864:Mountains
4746:Geography
4654:Provinces
4644:Provinces
4575:Etymology
4535:1960–1981
4530:1945–1960
4488:Year list
4413:Transport
4000:Macdonald
3995:Mackenzie
3990:Macdonald
3884:Maclean's
3365:0016-7398
3319:0036-4541
3163:April 10,
3112:reg.gg.ca
2822:August 8,
2758:0024-9262
2750:Maclean's
2271:0024-9262
2263:Maclean's
2030:March 14,
1793:George VI
1619:April 20,
1594:April 20,
1564:April 20,
1124:portfolio
1061:Joe Clark
1018:Mickleham
1005:chivalric
713:coalition
644:safe seat
633:replaced
607:in 1894.
561:plurality
532:George VI
478:in 1867,
453:provinces
432:(French:
360:) is the
356:(French:
301:Formation
258:with the
251:Appointer
228:Residence
189:Member of
129:Incumbent
6785:Zimbabwe
6740:Maldives
6604:Thailand
6599:Tanzania
6544:Slovenia
6539:Slovakia
6464:Portugal
6439:Pakistan
6379:Mongolia
6349:Malaysia
6159:Ethiopia
6134:Dominica
6129:Djibouti
6059:Cameroon
6054:Cambodia
6039:Bulgaria
6004:Barbados
5944:Abkhazia
5837:Honduras
5807:Dominica
5782:Barbados
5698:Honduras
5668:Dominica
5643:Barbados
5569:Category
5509:Research
5483:Contents
5465:Heraldic
5373:Identity
5368:Holidays
5363:Folklore
5274:Abortion
5201:Religion
5139:Taxation
5046:Cannabis
5024:Intersex
5000:Politics
4972:Military
4884:Wildlife
4671:Manitoba
4600:Military
4570:Economic
4495:timeline
4143:Category
4110:Chrétien
4105:Campbell
4100:Mulroney
4010:Thompson
3489:(2016).
2763:April 9,
2659:June 21,
2637:(2008),
2338:June 30,
2294:(2001).
2129:CBC News
2054:citation
1966:(2005),
1950:archived
1539:March 6,
1263:See also
1159:premiers
1026:Hopewell
961:, where
755:advising
557:majority
463:, other
451:(in the
168:(formal)
43:reviewed
6750:Nigeria
6705:Comoros
6664:Vietnam
6659:Vanuatu
6639:Ukraine
6619:Tunisia
6554:Somalia
6519:Senegal
6474:Romania
6404:Namibia
6399:Myanmar
6389:Morocco
6374:Moldova
6324:Lesotho
6319:Lebanon
6264:Jamaica
6249:Ireland
6234:Iceland
6229:Hungary
6204:Grenada
6189:Georgia
6174:Finland
6154:Estonia
6124:Denmark
6109:Curaçao
6099:Croatia
6049:Burundi
6024:Bermuda
6014:Belgium
6009:Belarus
5994:Bahrain
5989:Bahamas
5969:Armenia
5959:Algeria
5954:Albania
5842:Jamaica
5822:Grenada
5777:Bahamas
5703:Jamaica
5683:Grenada
5638:Bahamas
5536:Surveys
5531:Studies
5495:Outline
5470:Tartans
5424:Symbols
5413:Theatre
5358:Cuisine
5335:Culture
5308:Poverty
5250:Society
5144:Tourism
5117:Fishing
5090:Banking
5065:Economy
4921:Monarch
4859:Islands
4756:Regions
4727:Nunavut
4691:Ontario
4661:Alberta
4478:History
4408:Tourism
4393:Seniors
4343:Justice
4293:Finance
4075:Pearson
4055:Bennett
4045:Meighen
4035:Meighen
4025:Laurier
3887:article
3881:: 2011
3373:1778163
3091:May 27,
3062:May 27,
3033:May 27,
3004:May 27,
2975:May 27,
2797:May 22,
2726:May 22,
2689:May 17,
2619:June 2,
2594:June 2,
2451:June 3,
2426:June 3,
2202:May 18,
1889:May 18,
1855:June 6,
1832:June 6,
1805:May 29,
1759:June 7,
1669:233–234
1434:A 2008
1241:Queen's
1147:premier
1039:on the
1022:Calgary
967:Halifax
402:Cabinet
335:Website
327:406,200
207:Cabinet
6780:Zambia
6770:Turkey
6735:Malawi
6710:Gambia
6700:Brazil
6690:Angola
6634:Uganda
6629:Tuvalu
6584:Sweden
6524:Serbia
6484:Rwanda
6479:Russia
6459:Poland
6434:Norway
6314:Latvia
6299:Kuwait
6294:Kosovo
6274:Jordan
6254:Israel
6219:Guyana
6209:Guinea
6194:Greece
6179:France
6064:Canada
6029:Bhutan
6019:Belize
5857:Panama
5847:Mexico
5792:Canada
5787:Belize
5718:Panama
5708:Mexico
5653:Canada
5648:Belize
5433:Anthem
5408:Sports
5353:Cinema
5325:Values
5172:Topics
5112:Energy
5095:Dollar
4960:Courts
4937:Senate
4879:Rivers
4849:Cities
4840:Topics
4701:Quebec
4620:Racism
4551:Topics
4470:Canada
4348:Labour
4313:Health
4211:Office
4120:Harper
4115:Martin
4095:Turner
4030:Borden
4020:Tupper
4015:Bowell
4005:Abbott
3844:
3825:
3815:
3796:
3777:
3758:
3737:
3716:
3371:
3363:
3317:
2756:
2650:
2512:
2373:
2310:
2269:
1979:
1675:
1470:note 1
1468:" and
1449:note 2
1053:canton
858:. The
845:caucus
822:, and
787:, the
768:advice
766:, the
694:; the
593:Senate
474:Since
426:styled
414:advice
366:Canada
329:(2024)
319:Salary
309:Deputy
282:None (
6730:Kenya
6715:Ghana
6695:Benin
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