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Cancer (mythology)

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Observe also the Manger. Resembling a small nebula, it marches encompassed in the Crab in a northerly direction; around it revolve two stars that shine little, neither too far away nor too close to it, but which, to the naked eye, would appear to be about a cubit apart; one is to the North, the other
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It is said that the Crab was placed among the stars by Juno, because, when Hercules was confronting the Hydra of Lerna, it came out of the swamp and bit him on the foot. Hercules, enraged, killed him, and Juno placed him among the constellations to be one of the twelve signs united by the circuit of
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Indeed, I am much weaker than Heracles, who could not fight against the Hydra, this sophist, who by her wisdom-every time he cut off a head of reasoning-she brought out many instead of one, and also against another sophist of the sea, a crab, who recently, it seems to me, landed. When this one thus
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in the myth of the Hydra do not offer in their texts descriptions of the shape or type of crab beyond the occasional allusion to the remarkable size of the specimen. This gap in the description has led to the diversity in the type of crustacean that appears in the representations of the character,
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Crab: It is believed that he was placed among the constellations by Hera, since he was the only one who, while the others were fighting on the side of Heracles when he killed the Hydra, coming out of the lagoon stung him on the foot, as Paniasis says in his Heraclea. And it is known that Heracles,
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Depending on the way in which Carcinos attacks Heracles, depending on the version or translation of the text, the most frequent ones being to restrain, sting or bite. Nevertheless, the different versions agree that his attack was an element of distraction for Heracles, with the intention of
354:, his nephew, he found a way to defeat the monster by applying fire to the severed necks before new heads could grow; thus, Heracles was able to finish off the Hydra. He buried the main head, still hissing as it was immortal, under a large rock near the road from Lerna to 423:
Regarding its very existence, then, as a secondary element in the myth of the Hydra, several versions do not mention the character of Carcinos in the second labor of Heracles. This fact is usually explained by the hypothesis that it was introduced in the main story by
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As for the name by which he is designated, as has already been indicated, the name of the character is frequently omitted or changed, replacing it simply by crab or by his Roman name, Cancer. He occasionally receives epithets such as "Lernaeus", for his origin, in
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Among the twelve labors of Heracles, the second is one of the most frequently depicted in art, especially by post-classical artists, both in painting and sculpture; however, as in writings, not all artistic representations of the myth include the figure of
347:, a giant crab that also lived in the area, to help the beast. The crab attacked Heracles' feet with its claws to throw him off so that the Hydra could kill him; however, the enraged Greek hero crushed it with his heel in response and continued the battle. 1543:; published in 1801 and said to mark the end of the trend of charts that combined scientific rigor with artistic quality, beginning to differentiate texts intended for professionals from those for amateurs in the field. Cancer is represented as a crayfish. 1474:
visible from Earth. These maps, which had their peak between the 15th and 19th centuries, are often decorated with figures that help to interpret or recognize the constellations shown. Some examples of the most relevant charts are listed below:
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The constellation was known as Cherjengh and Kalakang to the Persians; Lenkutch, to the Turks; Sartono, to the Syrians and perhaps to the later Chaldeans; Sarṭān, to the Hebrews; and Al Saraṭān, to the Arabs; all terms equivalent to
902:, and modern studies in carcinology give an idea of the known species of crabs that would influence the mental image that people would obtain upon hearing the myth, as well as the artistic representations that have been made of it: 2875: 212:, because of the resemblance that the Greek physician observed between the lesions and the shape of a crab. Celsus continued to use the analogy and introduced the term that has endured to the present day to denote that 1555:, showing part of a celestial chart. In 1998, after twelve years of restoration work at the station, this work could be seen again after decades of going unnoticed because it had been obscured by smoke. 1675:
with the twelve labors of Heracles, introducing into the Hydra myth the minor character of the crab with which to take advantage of the figure traditionally recognized in the constellation.
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However, no clear origin or influences on the character have come down to the present day, beyond the hypothesis of creation by ancient astrologers to associate the constellations of the
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Note: the following is a summarized version of the mythological context; in addition, please note that there are several variants for many of the myths, depending on the work consulted.
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As noted above, this fact is often attributed to the theory that these bodies had a history of Greek origin prior to the association of the constellation with a crab, probably due to
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word Καρκίνος, which literally means "crab". This is why, according to the version and translation of the myth, the character is not referred to by his original name but only as a
505:, (which describes the constellations and other celestial bodies, commenting for some of them on the associated myth) only the constellation of Cancer is mentioned to locate the 812:, the Hydra is identified with the swamp of Lerna itself and its heads with the subway springs or rivers that fed it, frustrating the attempts to drain the area to clean it up. 545:(a work compiled around the first century BC in which the transformations of mythological characters into stars or constellations are narrated), erroneously attributed to 324:
These ten labors plus two additional ones, as Eurystheus considered two of the initial ones invalid because they could not be completed without help, formed the so-called
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As his second labor ordered him to kill the Hydra of Lerna. A giant crab came to the Hydra's aid by biting him on the foot. So he killed it and asked Yolaos for help .
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On the other hand, as has been indicated, there is no unanimity in the typology of crab that would correspond to the character, showing both crayfish and sea crabs.
1833: 572:, of whom only a few fragments are preserved, stands out as a reference (the first of which there is evidence at present) to the version of the myth presented. 2474:
The author of the referenced article states that this celestial configuration (the constellations aligned on the horizon at dawn) occurred on June 21, 3300 BC.
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of the city, and Carcinos to a mercenary who would lead supporting forces for the defense. The defeated armies, the burned city and the palace buried under a
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interpretation, whereby the multiple heads of the Hydra are related to the evil thoughts and desires to be overcome by the individual in his personal growth.
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interpretation, in which the characters represent celestial bodies in a certain situation; Heracles destroys the Hydra and the Crab just as the light of the
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way facts, situations or behaviors in reality. Various interpretations of the second labor of Heracles have been attributed to him throughout history:
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The crab Carcinos does not appear in all versions of the myth of the second labor of Heracles and, therefore, in those related texts, mainly about
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By using the myth, the character of Socrates mocks the sophist brothers and their reasoning by comparing them to the monsters Hydra and Carcinos.
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Since it is not a main element of the myth, it does not always appear in the versions that have reached the present day; nevertheless, classic
1517:; it was published posthumously in 1690 and added seven new constellations to those recognized at the time. Cancer is depicted as a crayfish. 2450: 2427:"Maurus Servius Honoratus, Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil, SERVII GRAMMATICI IN VERGILII AENEIDOS LIBRVM SEXTVM COMMENTARIVS., line 287" 3239: 1381: 1204:
appears in the form of a sea crab, although many other crabs appear, both crayfish and sea crabs, surrounding or heading towards Heracles.
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in the early 20th century, where a circular mosaic with the figures of the Zodiac is preserved. Cancer appears in the form of a crayfish.
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This work was one of those considered invalid by Eurystheus, since Heracles received the help of his nephew to carry it to completion.
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A religious interpretation, whereby the death of the Hydra at the hands of Heracles corresponds to the suppression by the invading
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unbalancing the combat in favor of the Hydra, without constituting an opponent that could by itself finish off the Greek hero.
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Like the figure of the Hydra, Carcinos has several variants depending on what the author of the version includes in his text:
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depicting the labors of Heracles were produced. In part of those showing the fight against the Hydra of Lerna, the figure of
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enraged, crushed him with his foot, hence he obtained the great honor of being counted among the twelve signs of the Zodiac.
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annoyed him and spoke to him from the left and bit him, called to his aid his nephew Yolaos, who helped him sufficiently.
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On the other hand, many other classical authors do not mention Carcinos in their texts in the myth of the Hydra, such as
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specimens are the most voluminous, with a carapace width of about 24 cm, the maximum recorded being 30 cm.
1935: 998: 879:(with an abdomen reduced to little more than an appendage under the cephalothorax) at the discretion of the artist. 3429: 2746: 668: 2361: 2289: 1286:, Spain, where the zodiac signs appear in the main access to the temple. Cancer appears in the form of a sea crab. 1279: 673:, an exhaustive compilation of Greek mythology written around the 1st–2nd centuries AD, erroneously attributed to 2313: 1591:, referred to the nebula as "of the Crab", due to the resemblance of a drawing he made of it with a crustacean. 1505:; notable for being the first work to depict the complete celestial sphere. Cancer is represented as a crayfish. 3329: 1348: 823:
peoples of the native fertility rites of Lerna, performed by priestesses who spread the Minoan influence from
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Del caos al cosmos: la mitología clásica a través de los textos : cultura clásicas : ESO, 2ʹ ciclo
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windows in the churches themselves. Some of the temples where these representations can be found are:
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One of the most common interpretations of the myth associates it with a 22nd-century BC battle in the
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could be soaked in its internal fluids, and from then on any wound caused by them would be fatal.
2652:"Field identification of the European green crab species: Carcinus maenas and Carcinus aestuarii" 2511: 2454: 2239: 1294: 1272: 343:
of the beast but for every one he cut off, two more grew. While the two were fighting, Hera sent
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and the fact that Hyginus was Latin, the characters in the text appear with their Roman names,
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In art, Carcinos is often depicted as a detail of the myth of the Hydra or as an image of the
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or the drawings in the atlases of astronomy of the last centuries of the second millennium.
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Among the numerous species that inhabit the Mediterranean Sea, some of the most common are
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Trzaskoma, Stephen M.; Smith, R. Scott; Brunet, Stephen; Palaima, Thomas G. (2004-03-01).
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also appears; of these, some of the most relevant are the works of the following artists:
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The main influence derived from the myth of Carcinos has been to serve as a name for the
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of the 2nd millennium BC. The first references to a crab appear during the Mesopotamian
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The artistic techniques used in their representations are diverse, highlighting Ancient
100:. Heracles kills the Crab, who is rewarded for his efforts by Hera turning him into the 2990: 2337: 2145: 1699: 1568: 1209: 1106: 973: 961: 768: 2265: 739: 3419: 3374: 3290: 2826: 2752: 2651: 2595: 2245: 2203: 2101: 2032: 1914: 1860:"Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon, καρκίνος" 1809: 1779: 1725: 1540: 1521: 1514: 1464: 1116: 1009: 907: 533: 150: 2625: 1165: 3165: 2697: 2585: 2551: 2485: 1638: 1436: 1401: 1397: 1389: 1252: 1245: 1164:, the group of German artists who specialized in engravings after the influence of 899: 816: 779: 712: 657: 590: 143: 3010: 2338:"DIODORUS SICULUS, LIBRARY OF HISTORY BOOK 4.1–18 – Theoi Classical Texts Library" 3393: 2721: 2197: 1485: 1226: 1175: 952: 936: 924: 895: 783: 744: 457: 166: 77: 19: 2673: 2169: 993: 1689: 1571:. On the other hand, the character is not related to the celestial body of the 1160: 1155: 1053: 967: 872: 838:
fades the constellations during the dawn, when the star rises over the horizon.
625: 329: 220: 97: 1834:"The Historical relationship between the concept of tumor and the ending -oma" 1283: 497:, that have come down to us; for example, in the famous poem around 275 BC by 387:
is the account of the transformation of a character in Greek mythology into a
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in Heracles, during which the young greek murdered his wife and children. The
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influence, where the constellation appears with the name Al-lul, "crab" in
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and signs of the Zodiac; in particular, one of them shows Cancer and the
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Regarding crayfish, the most widespread species in Europe and around the
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Heracles attacked by the crab and the Lernaean Hydra. White-ground Attic
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to associate the labors of Heracles with the twelve signs of the Zodiac.
3271:"Origins of the ancient constellations: I. The Mesopotamian traditions" 3116: 2389:(in French). Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. pp. 243–244. 1600: 1370: 1013: 883: 806: 518:
faces South. They are called the Asses and in the middle is the Manger.
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ordered as penance the performance of ten labors ordered by his cousin
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Once he reached the swamp, Heracles confronted the Hydra. He tried to
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Ancient Zodiacs, Star Names, and Constellations: Essays and Critiques
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is represented in art mainly as part of the myth of the Hydra, as a
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of the 4th millennium BC, and it has also been associated with the
1595: 1490: 1334: 1327: 1275: 1086: 860: 756: 697: 661: 586: 373: 302: 287: 89: 24: 2615:"La conservación de las especies acuáticas en aguas continentales" 2314:"Pausanias, Description of Greece, Elis 1, chapter 17, section 11" 1966:(in French). Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. p. 238. 1911:"Galen on Cancer: How Ancient Physicians Viewed Malignant Disease" 1459: 2674:"MarBEF Data System – European Register of Marine Species (ERMS)" 2537:"Distribution of crayfish in Europe and some adjoining countries" 1887:"A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), ASTRONO'MIA" 1627: 1352: 1323: 1309: 1183: 1058: 1020: 864: 820: 795: 791: 752: 602: 598: 407:, the figure placed by Zeus in commemoration of the death of the 318: 283: 2968: 2938: 2908: 2512:"Historia del cangrejo de mar y de rio en la dieta alimenticia" 1480: 1413: 1341: 1313: 1260: 1241: 1197: 1090: 1062: 1024: 760: 692: 585:
refers in the 4th century BC to the myth in a dialogue between
498: 400: 355: 351: 213: 209: 2402:"Interpretaciones de los mitos: el alegorismo y el evemerismo" 2266:"HYGINUS, ASTRONOMICA 2.18–43 – Theoi Classical Texts Library" 1746:"Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, cancer" 1255:, the signs of the Zodiac have been frequently represented in 774:, the myth is associated with the destruction of Lerna, under 564:
Apart from the version of the text itself, the mention of the
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El cáncer: epidemiología, etiología, diagnóstico y prevención
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Given the assimilation of Greek mythology that took place in
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at the hands of his son Heracles in the first of his labors.
359: 358:. In addition, he cut the beast open so that the tips of his 306: 193: 116: 81: 2827:"Corinthian Aryballos (The J. Paul Getty Museum Collection)" 301:, with whom he had several children. Hera provoked a fit of 1775:
Anthology of Classical Myth: Primary Sources in Translation
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The 12th century Romanesque church of St. Austremonius in
239:" share the original Greek root, in reference to both the 96:'s orders, while Heracles is in the midst of fighting the 835: 1936:"Understanding What Cancer Is: Ancient Times to Present" 1251:
Despite their pagan origin and general rejection by the
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A geological interpretation, in which, according to the
2876:"El 'espacio dramático' del poder en el teatro Barroco" 1439:, produced in 1907 a cycle of twelve paintings called 1427:
In another field, the Lithuanian painter and composer
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Celestial charts depict the distribution of the main
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Myths have, as a rule, non-literal readings by which
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The Greek Myths: The Complete and Definitive Edition
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styles of the time, stand out. In these depictions,
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would generate the analogies used later in the myth.
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A warlike interpretation, whereby, according to the
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Heracles reached adulthood and married the princess
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Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture
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Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture
1551:in New York City, painted in 1912 by the Frenchman 336:serpent, which inhabited the lagoon near the city. 1196:, Dutch engraver who collaborated regularly with 539:The oldest reference to the myth is found in the 84:. He is a secondary character in the myth of the 3401: 3352:Dictionnaire de la mythologie grecque et romaine 2387:Dictionnaire de la mythologie grecque et romaine 1964:Dictionnaire de la mythologie grecque et romaine 3275:Journal of the British Astronomical Association 2873: 2612: 2575: 2051: 328:. The second of these consisted of killing the 1998: 1976: 1135:During the 16th century, at the height of the 734: 597:and Ctesippus; the text is a criticism of the 446:or "Littoreus", presumably for his habits, in 223:today for several of the meanings of the word 138:, which resulted in the destruction of Lerna ( 2650:Yamada, Sylvia Behrens; Hauck, Laura (2001). 1801: 1501:, published in 1603 by the German astronomer 3215:"LacusCurtius • Allen's Star Names — Cancer" 2100:(in Spanish). Editorial Club Universitario. 1158:considered one of the most important of the 2991:"Hagia Maria Sion « See The Holy Land" 2649: 2399: 1598:Richard Hinckley Allen exposes in his work 1305:. Cancer appears in the form of a crayfish. 593:, Euthydemus and his brother Dionysodorus, 473:A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities 1301:in which the signs of the Zodiac surround 2589: 1802:Piccardi, Luigi; Masse, W. Bruce (2007). 1594:On the influences received, the American 3237: 3142:"Paul César Helleu profile and portrait" 3092:"Johannes Hevelii-Prodromus astronomiae" 2093: 1717: 1520: 1458: 1380: 1308: 1236: 1115: 1052: 992: 738: 372: 255: 208:(460–370 BC) to denote certain types of 188:"Cancer" is the translation of the word 18: 2534: 2483: 2195: 1705: 414: 219:The word Καρκίνος is still used in the 3402: 3268: 3011:"The Zodiac – M.K.Ciurlionis Painting" 2384: 2237: 2024: 1961: 1718:Barreiro, Rafael Fontán (2007-05-16). 1493:. Cancer is represented as a crayfish. 934:. Other species common today, such as 686:Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca, 2.5.2 131:mention the character in their texts. 3188: 2744: 2576:Schulz, H. K.; Grandjean, F. (2005). 2191: 2189: 2065: 2063: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1957: 1955: 1463:Constellation of Cancer according to 1400:in Venice, a Gothic building next to 1340:The 13th century Gothic cathedral of 1333:The 13th century Gothic cathedral of 204:. The Greek term had been used since 115:, historians or philosophers such as 3166:"40 Years Rescued, 20 Years Renewed" 2797:"Etruscan hydria with black figures" 1881: 1879: 1831: 1827: 1825: 1797: 1795: 1767: 1765: 246: 2874:Jordano Barbudo, M Ángeles (2008). 2831:The J. Paul Getty Museum Collection 2662:: 905–912 – via ResearchGate. 2613:Múzquiz Moracho, José Luis (2008). 2196:Morales, Manuel Sanz (2002-01-11). 1838:Bulletin of the History of Medicine 1721:Diccionario de la mitología mundial 1558: 1454: 1396:Another example can be seen in the 988: 13: 3377:hosts a multimedia category about 3189:Jones, Kenneth Glyn (1975-01-01). 2186: 2094:Miralles, Eloy Mira (1999-08-21). 2060: 2007: 1985: 1952: 1616:Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning 1601:Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning 1190:appears in the form of a sea crab. 1172:appears in the form of a crayfish. 1113:is generally shown as a sea crab. 854:The classical authors who mention 786:The Hydra would correspond to the 677:, the creature is also mentioned: 485:The myth according to the classics 14: 3441: 3368: 3364:. (in Spanish). Elsevier Science. 3062:"Johann Bayer. Uranometria, 1603" 2748:Dictionary of Classical Mythology 2745:March, Jennifer R. (2014-05-31). 2722:"FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture" 2698:"FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture" 2222: 1876: 1822: 1792: 1762: 1547:A special case is the ceiling of 1447:(Cancer) represented the sign of 1429:Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis 1412:are decorated with motifs on the 1048: 950:, a disease caused by the fungus 647:Hyginus, De Astronomica, 13: Crab 559:Pseudo-Eratosthenes, Catasterismi 428:influence, in the attempt of the 3328:. pp. 73–75. Archived from 2565:on 2015-05-03 – via ONEMA. 1808:. Geological Society of London. 605:(sophisms) for their reasoning: 3304: 3262: 3231: 3207: 3182: 3158: 3134: 3109: 3084: 3054: 3028: 3003: 2983: 2953: 2923: 2893: 2867: 2843: 2819: 2789: 2765: 2738: 2714: 2690: 2666: 2643: 2606: 2569: 2528: 2504: 2486:"LOS DOCE TRABAJOS DE HÉRCULES" 2477: 2468: 2443: 2419: 2393: 2378: 2362:"Euripides, Heracles, line 138" 2354: 2330: 2306: 2282: 2258: 2231: 2216: 2162: 2138: 2114: 2087: 2045: 1970: 231:" (also used by Hippocrates), " 3358:Senra Varela, Avelino (2002). 2202:(in Spanish). Ediciones AKAL. 1928: 1903: 1852: 1738: 1711: 1297:, France, in which there is a 368: 1: 3316:(in Spanish). Ediciones Akal. 3310:Sanz Morales, Manuel (2002). 2656:Journal of Shellfish Research 2025:Graves, Robert (2017-09-28). 1658: 1653:, and already clearly in the 1647: 1451:, in the form of a crayfish. 1178:, Italian engraver, pupil of 1125: 867:, with a well differentiated 849: 332:, a monster in the form of a 80:that inhabited the lagoon of 28: 16:Giant crab in Greek mythology 3269:Rogers, J. H. (1998-02-01). 2880:El poder en la época moderna 2453:. 2010-05-28. Archived from 2400:García Gual, Carlos (2007). 2290:"Hesiod, Theogony, line 304" 2122:"Columella: de Re Rustica X" 1913:. 2010-09-18. Archived from 1404:used as a residence for the 790:, the multiple heads to the 633:traditionally attributed to 403:. He was placed next to the 160: 157:to which it gives its name. 61: 7: 3036:"Cancer in Kitab al-Bulhan" 1678: 1583:; it was in the 1840s when 1539:, by the German astronomer 1513:, by the Polish astronomer 919:Austropotamobius torrentium 735:Interpretations of the myth 568:of the 5th century BC poet 72:'crab') or, simply 10: 3446: 3240:"The Origin Of The Zodiac" 3238:Thompson, Gary D. (2001). 3192:The Search for the Nebulae 3117:"Uranographia – J.E. Bode" 2484:de Valiente, Apiano León. 882:The writings of classical 863:(similar in appearance to 660:corresponding to Hera and 570:Panyassis of Halicarnassus 523:Aratus, Phenomena, 892–896 290:. Zeus' wife, the goddess 261:Hercules slaying the Hydra 200:and collected in his work 50: 3415:Greek legendary creatures 3341:Apollodorus, The Library. 2851:"Malibu 84.AE.974 (Vase)" 2031:. Penguin Books Limited. 1844:: 353–377. Archived from 1587:, English astronomer and 1232: 1012:or as a constellation on 913:Austropotamobius pallipes 326:twelve labors of Heracles 165:The name "Carcinos" is a 86:twelve labors of Heracles 3385:Theoi Project – Karkinos 1529:station in New York City 1510:Firmamentum Sobiescianum 1347:The 13th century Gothic 1176:Giovanni Jacopo Caraglio 937:Pacifastacus leniusculus 745:Giovanni Jacopo Caraglio 3430:Mythological arthropods 2901:"Astrología en el arte" 2385:Grimal, Pierre (1951). 2174:www.thelatinlibrary.com 2150:www.thelatinlibrary.com 2146:"Ovid: Metamorphoses X" 2126:www.thelatinlibrary.com 1962:Grimal, Pierre (1951). 1581:constellation of Taurus 1565:constellation of Cancer 615:Plato, Euthydemus, 278c 470:indicates in his work, 397:constellation of Cancer 378:Constellation of Cancer 227:. Other words such as " 102:constellation of Cancer 3170:Grand Central Terminal 3121:www.atlascoelestis.com 3068:. 2005. Archived from 2967:. 2008. Archived from 2961:"El Zodíaco de Cristo" 2937:. 2009. Archived from 2931:"El Zodíaco de Cristo" 2907:. 2007. Archived from 2773:"Louvre CA 598 (Vase)" 2535:Holdich, D.M. (2002). 2516:www.historiacocina.com 1778:. Hackett Publishing. 1695:Cancer (constellation) 1621: 1549:Grand Central Terminal 1530: 1527:Grand Central Terminal 1467: 1393: 1349:cathedral of St. Peter 1320: 1248: 1222:Hercules and the Hydra 1132: 1066: 1001: 778:influence, by the pre- 748: 689: 650: 618: 562: 526: 380: 282:, lay with the mortal 272: 198:Aulus Cornelius Celsus 35: 3219:penelope.uchicago.edu 3096:catalog.lindahall.org 3015:ciurlionis.licejus.lt 2855:www.perseus.tufts.edu 2777:www.perseus.tufts.edu 2431:www.perseus.tufts.edu 2366:www.perseus.tufts.edu 2318:www.perseus.tufts.edu 2294:www.perseus.tufts.edu 2170:"Manilius, Liber IIi" 2052:Pseudo-Eratosthenes. 1891:www.perseus.tufts.edu 1864:www.perseus.tufts.edu 1750:www.perseus.tufts.edu 1606: 1524: 1462: 1384: 1312: 1240: 1214:Francisco de Zurbarán 1208:In 1634, the Spanish 1119: 1056: 996: 742: 718:Bibliotheca historica 708:Description of Greece 679: 675:Apollodorus of Athens 639: 607: 551: 515: 376: 259: 76:, is a giant crab in 22: 3410:Mythological animals 3336:Frazer, James George 3332:on 11 February 2011. 3325:Los mitos griegos II 2591:10.1051/kmae:2005035 2584:(376–377): 829–836. 2556:10.1051/kmae:2002055 2244:(in Spanish). UNAM. 1999:Pseudo-Apollodorus. 1977:Pseudo-Apollodorus. 1832:Keil, Harry (1950). 1724:(in Spanish). EDAF. 1706:Notes and references 1472:astronomical objects 1318:abbey of Hagia Maria 1180:Marcantonio Raimondi 981:Of the crabs cited, 549:(third century BC): 415:Variants of the myth 142:-influenced) by pre- 3287:1998JBAA..108....9R 3201:1975sene.book.....J 1685:Labours of Hercules 1651: 1530–1160 BC 1388:of a column of the 1246:Cathedral of Amiens 1079:Classical antiquity 999:St. Denis Cathedral 956:, which they carry. 943:Procambarus clarkii 782:peoples around the 3313:Mitógrafos griegos 3072:on 11 January 2010 2911:on 18 October 2011 2199:Mitógrafos griegos 1981:. pp. 2.4.12. 1700:Cancer (astrology) 1662: 1100–700 BC 1626:relates it to the 1531: 1468: 1394: 1321: 1259:, specifically in 1253:Christian Churches 1249: 1133: 1083:ceramic decoration 1067: 1002: 974:Portunus pelagicus 962:Carcinus aestuarii 953:Aphanomyces astaci 928:, from the family 749: 381: 286:and gave birth to 273: 36: 3375:Wikimedia Commons 2758:978-1-78297-635-6 2631:on 5 October 2010 2251:978-968-36-9117-0 2209:978-84-460-1738-7 2107:978-84-95015-36-5 2075:www.astrosurf.com 2038:978-0-241-98338-6 2003:. pp. 2.5.2. 1815:978-1-86239-216-8 1785:978-1-60384-427-7 1731:978-84-414-0397-0 1579:, located in the 1553:Paul César Helleu 1541:Johann Elert Bode 1515:Johannes Hevelius 1289:The 12th century 1271:The 12th century 1152:Hans Sebald Beham 1004:The character of 784:22nd century B.C. 753:fantastic stories 350:With the help of 341:cut off the heads 269:Hans Sebalm Beham 247:Role in mythology 243:and the disease. 214:group of diseases 71: 59: 32: 500–475 BC 3437: 3425:Crabs in culture 3299: 3298: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3246:. Archived from 3235: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3225: 3211: 3205: 3204: 3186: 3180: 3179: 3177: 3176: 3162: 3156: 3155: 3153: 3152: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3058: 3052: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3032: 3026: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3007: 3001: 3000: 2998: 2997: 2987: 2981: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2957: 2951: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2941:on 23 March 2010 2927: 2921: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2897: 2891: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2871: 2865: 2864: 2862: 2861: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2837: 2823: 2817: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2803:. Archived from 2793: 2787: 2786: 2784: 2783: 2769: 2763: 2762: 2742: 2736: 2735: 2733: 2732: 2718: 2712: 2711: 2709: 2708: 2694: 2688: 2687: 2685: 2684: 2670: 2664: 2663: 2647: 2641: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2630: 2624:. Archived from 2619: 2610: 2604: 2603: 2593: 2573: 2567: 2566: 2564: 2558:. Archived from 2550:(367): 611–650. 2541: 2532: 2526: 2525: 2523: 2522: 2508: 2502: 2501: 2499: 2498: 2481: 2475: 2472: 2466: 2465: 2463: 2462: 2447: 2441: 2440: 2438: 2437: 2423: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2413: 2404:. Archived from 2397: 2391: 2390: 2382: 2376: 2375: 2373: 2372: 2358: 2352: 2351: 2349: 2348: 2334: 2328: 2327: 2325: 2324: 2310: 2304: 2303: 2301: 2300: 2286: 2280: 2279: 2277: 2276: 2262: 2256: 2255: 2235: 2229: 2228: 2227:. pp. 278c. 2220: 2214: 2213: 2193: 2184: 2183: 2181: 2180: 2166: 2160: 2159: 2157: 2156: 2142: 2136: 2135: 2133: 2132: 2118: 2112: 2111: 2091: 2085: 2084: 2082: 2081: 2067: 2058: 2057: 2049: 2043: 2042: 2022: 2005: 2004: 1996: 1983: 1982: 1974: 1968: 1967: 1959: 1950: 1949: 1947: 1946: 1932: 1926: 1925: 1923: 1922: 1907: 1901: 1900: 1898: 1897: 1883: 1874: 1873: 1871: 1870: 1856: 1850: 1849: 1829: 1820: 1819: 1805:Myth and Geology 1799: 1790: 1789: 1769: 1760: 1759: 1757: 1756: 1742: 1736: 1735: 1715: 1663: 1660: 1652: 1649: 1639:Scarabaeus sacer 1619: 1559:Other influences 1455:Celestial charts 1402:San Marco Square 1353:Bautzen, Germany 1335:Chartres, France 1263:, paintings and 1130: 1127: 1099:types of vessels 1057:Detail on Attic 1014:celestial charts 989:Influence on art 900:Cassianus Bassus 713:Diodorus Siculus 687: 648: 616: 575:In the dialogue 560: 524: 66: 64: 54: 52: 33: 30: 3445: 3444: 3440: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3435: 3434: 3400: 3399: 3394:Perseus Project 3371: 3307: 3302: 3267: 3263: 3253: 3251: 3250:on 26 July 2020 3236: 3232: 3223: 3221: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3187: 3183: 3174: 3172: 3164: 3163: 3159: 3150: 3148: 3140: 3139: 3135: 3125: 3123: 3115: 3114: 3110: 3100: 3098: 3090: 3089: 3085: 3075: 3073: 3060: 3059: 3055: 3045: 3043: 3034: 3033: 3029: 3019: 3017: 3009: 3008: 3004: 2995: 2993: 2989: 2988: 2984: 2974: 2972: 2959: 2958: 2954: 2944: 2942: 2929: 2928: 2924: 2914: 2912: 2899: 2898: 2894: 2884: 2882: 2872: 2868: 2859: 2857: 2849: 2848: 2844: 2835: 2833: 2825: 2824: 2820: 2810: 2808: 2795: 2794: 2790: 2781: 2779: 2771: 2770: 2766: 2759: 2751:. Oxbow Books. 2743: 2739: 2730: 2728: 2720: 2719: 2715: 2706: 2704: 2696: 2695: 2691: 2682: 2680: 2672: 2671: 2667: 2648: 2644: 2634: 2632: 2628: 2622:Wayback Machine 2617: 2611: 2607: 2574: 2570: 2562: 2539: 2533: 2529: 2520: 2518: 2510: 2509: 2505: 2496: 2494: 2482: 2478: 2473: 2469: 2460: 2458: 2449: 2448: 2444: 2435: 2433: 2425: 2424: 2420: 2411: 2409: 2398: 2394: 2383: 2379: 2370: 2368: 2360: 2359: 2355: 2346: 2344: 2336: 2335: 2331: 2322: 2320: 2312: 2311: 2307: 2298: 2296: 2288: 2287: 2283: 2274: 2272: 2264: 2263: 2259: 2252: 2238:Platón (2002). 2236: 2232: 2221: 2217: 2210: 2194: 2187: 2178: 2176: 2168: 2167: 2163: 2154: 2152: 2144: 2143: 2139: 2130: 2128: 2120: 2119: 2115: 2108: 2092: 2088: 2079: 2077: 2071:"AAGC – Cancer" 2069: 2068: 2061: 2050: 2046: 2039: 2023: 2008: 1997: 1986: 1975: 1971: 1960: 1953: 1944: 1942: 1934: 1933: 1929: 1920: 1918: 1909: 1908: 1904: 1895: 1893: 1885: 1884: 1877: 1868: 1866: 1858: 1857: 1853: 1830: 1823: 1816: 1800: 1793: 1786: 1770: 1763: 1754: 1752: 1744: 1743: 1739: 1732: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1681: 1661: 1650: 1644:Kassite dynasty 1620: 1613: 1585:William Parsons 1561: 1486:Kitab al-Bulhan 1457: 1431:, belonging to 1324:Issoire, France 1235: 1200:. In his work, 1168:. In his work, 1128: 1085:found on Greek 1051: 997:Rose window on 991: 925:Astacus astacus 896:Pliny the Elder 852: 788:Palace of Lerna 737: 688: 685: 649: 646: 617: 614: 561: 558: 525: 522: 487: 417: 371: 249: 167:transliteration 163: 78:Greek mythology 31: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3443: 3433: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3398: 3397: 3387: 3382: 3370: 3369:External links 3367: 3366: 3365: 3356: 3347:Grimal, Pierre 3344: 3333: 3320:Graves, Robert 3317: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3300: 3261: 3230: 3206: 3181: 3157: 3146:jssgallery.org 3133: 3108: 3083: 3053: 3027: 3002: 2982: 2971:on 24 May 2010 2952: 2922: 2892: 2866: 2842: 2818: 2807:on 7 June 2011 2788: 2764: 2757: 2737: 2713: 2689: 2678:www.marbef.org 2665: 2642: 2605: 2568: 2527: 2503: 2476: 2467: 2442: 2418: 2392: 2377: 2353: 2329: 2305: 2281: 2257: 2250: 2230: 2215: 2208: 2185: 2161: 2137: 2113: 2106: 2086: 2059: 2044: 2037: 2006: 1984: 1969: 1951: 1940:www.cancer.org 1927: 1902: 1875: 1851: 1848:on 2008-08-29. 1821: 1814: 1791: 1784: 1761: 1737: 1730: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1703: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1690:Lernaean Hydra 1687: 1680: 1677: 1611: 1560: 1557: 1545: 1544: 1519: 1518: 1506: 1494: 1456: 1453: 1443:(The Zodiac); 1379: 1378: 1356: 1345: 1342:Amiens, France 1338: 1331: 1306: 1287: 1234: 1231: 1206: 1205: 1191: 1173: 1161:Little Masters 1081:, examples of 1061:(540–530 BC). 1050: 1049:About the myth 1047: 990: 987: 983:Cancer pagurus 979: 978: 968:Cancer pagurus 957: 865:small lobsters 851: 848: 847: 846: 839: 828: 813: 803: 755:reflect in an 747:, 16th century 736: 733: 683: 644: 626:De Astronomica 612: 556: 520: 486: 483: 482: 481: 477: 433: 416: 413: 370: 367: 330:Hydra of Lerna 278:, king of the 248: 245: 221:Greek language 162: 159: 98:Hydra of Lerna 88:, who attacks 41:also known as 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3442: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3407: 3405: 3395: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3376: 3373: 3372: 3363: 3362: 3357: 3354: 3353: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3342: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3327: 3326: 3321: 3318: 3315: 3314: 3309: 3308: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3265: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3234: 3220: 3216: 3210: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3193: 3185: 3171: 3167: 3161: 3147: 3143: 3137: 3122: 3118: 3112: 3097: 3093: 3087: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3057: 3041: 3037: 3031: 3016: 3012: 3006: 2992: 2986: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2956: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2926: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2896: 2881: 2877: 2870: 2856: 2852: 2846: 2832: 2828: 2822: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2792: 2778: 2774: 2768: 2760: 2754: 2750: 2749: 2741: 2727: 2723: 2717: 2703: 2699: 2693: 2679: 2675: 2669: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2646: 2627: 2623: 2616: 2609: 2601: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2572: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2538: 2531: 2517: 2513: 2507: 2493: 2492: 2487: 2480: 2471: 2457:on 2010-05-28 2456: 2452: 2446: 2432: 2428: 2422: 2408:on 2009-01-31 2407: 2403: 2396: 2388: 2381: 2367: 2363: 2357: 2343: 2342:www.theoi.com 2339: 2333: 2319: 2315: 2309: 2295: 2291: 2285: 2271: 2270:www.theoi.com 2267: 2261: 2253: 2247: 2243: 2242: 2234: 2226: 2219: 2211: 2205: 2201: 2200: 2192: 2190: 2175: 2171: 2165: 2151: 2147: 2141: 2127: 2123: 2117: 2109: 2103: 2099: 2098: 2090: 2076: 2072: 2066: 2064: 2055: 2048: 2040: 2034: 2030: 2029: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2002: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1980: 1973: 1965: 1958: 1956: 1941: 1937: 1931: 1917:on 2010-09-18 1916: 1912: 1906: 1892: 1888: 1882: 1880: 1865: 1861: 1855: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1828: 1826: 1817: 1811: 1807: 1806: 1798: 1796: 1787: 1781: 1777: 1776: 1768: 1766: 1751: 1747: 1741: 1733: 1727: 1723: 1722: 1714: 1710: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1682: 1676: 1674: 1669: 1667: 1656: 1645: 1641: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1629: 1625: 1617: 1614:R. H. Allen, 1610: 1605: 1603: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1542: 1538: 1537: 1533: 1532: 1528: 1523: 1516: 1512: 1511: 1507: 1504: 1500: 1499: 1495: 1492: 1488: 1487: 1482: 1478: 1477: 1476: 1473: 1466: 1461: 1452: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1425: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1398:Doge's Palace 1391: 1390:Doge's Palace 1387: 1383: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1361: 1357: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1343: 1339: 1336: 1332: 1329: 1325: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1274: 1270: 1269: 1268: 1266: 1265:stained glass 1262: 1258: 1254: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1194:Cornelis Cort 1192: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1162: 1157: 1153: 1150: 1149: 1148: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1123: 1122:Cornelis Cort 1120:Engraving by 1118: 1114: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1075: 1073: 1064: 1063:Louvre Museum 1060: 1055: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1029:stained glass 1026: 1022: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1000: 995: 986: 984: 976: 975: 970: 969: 964: 963: 958: 955: 954: 949: 948:aphanomycosis 945: 944: 939: 938: 933: 932: 927: 926: 921: 920: 915: 914: 909: 908:Mediterranean 905: 904: 903: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 880: 878: 874: 870: 869:cephalothorax 866: 862: 859:showing both 857: 844: 840: 837: 833: 829: 826: 822: 818: 814: 811: 808: 804: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 770: 766: 765: 764: 762: 758: 754: 746: 743:Engraving by 741: 732: 730: 729: 724: 720: 719: 714: 710: 709: 704: 700: 699: 694: 682: 678: 676: 672: 671: 665: 664:to Heracles. 663: 659: 655: 643: 638: 636: 632: 628: 627: 621: 611: 606: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 579: 573: 571: 567: 555: 550: 548: 544: 543: 537: 535: 531: 519: 514: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 478: 475: 474: 469: 468:William Smith 465: 464: 459: 455: 454: 453:Metamorphoses 449: 445: 444: 443:De re rustica 439: 434: 431: 427: 422: 421: 420: 412: 410: 409:Lion of Nemea 406: 402: 398: 394: 393:constellation 390: 386: 379: 375: 366: 363: 361: 357: 353: 348: 346: 342: 337: 335: 331: 327: 322: 320: 316: 312: 311:Delphi Oracle 308: 304: 300: 295: 293: 289: 285: 281: 280:Olympian Gods 277: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 253: 244: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 217: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 186: 184: 180: 176: 172: 171:Ancient Greek 168: 158: 156: 155:constellation 152: 147: 145: 141: 137: 132: 130: 126: 123:, the Pseudo- 122: 119:, the Pseudo- 118: 114: 110: 109:mythographers 105: 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 69: 63: 57: 48: 47:Ancient Greek 44: 40: 26: 21: 3359: 3350: 3339: 3330:the original 3323: 3311: 3305:Bibliography 3278: 3274: 3264: 3252:. Retrieved 3248:the original 3243: 3233: 3222:. Retrieved 3218: 3209: 3191: 3184: 3173:. Retrieved 3169: 3160: 3149:. Retrieved 3145: 3136: 3124:. Retrieved 3120: 3111: 3099:. Retrieved 3095: 3086: 3074:. Retrieved 3070:the original 3065: 3056: 3044:. Retrieved 3042:(in Spanish) 3039: 3030: 3018:. Retrieved 3014: 3005: 2994:. Retrieved 2985: 2973:. Retrieved 2969:the original 2964: 2955: 2943:. Retrieved 2939:the original 2934: 2925: 2913:. Retrieved 2909:the original 2904: 2895: 2883:. Retrieved 2879: 2869: 2858:. Retrieved 2854: 2845: 2834:. Retrieved 2830: 2821: 2809:. Retrieved 2805:the original 2801:Getty Museum 2800: 2791: 2780:. Retrieved 2776: 2767: 2747: 2740: 2729:. Retrieved 2725: 2716: 2705:. Retrieved 2701: 2692: 2681:. Retrieved 2677: 2668: 2659: 2655: 2645: 2633:. Retrieved 2626:the original 2621: 2608: 2581: 2571: 2560:the original 2547: 2543: 2530: 2519:. Retrieved 2515: 2506: 2495:. Retrieved 2489: 2479: 2470: 2459:. Retrieved 2455:the original 2445: 2434:. 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Index


lekythos
Ancient Greek
romanized
lit.
Greek mythology
Lerna
twelve labors of Heracles
Heracles
Hera
Hydra of Lerna
constellation of Cancer
mythographers
astronomers
Plato
Eratosthenes
Apollodorus
Hyginus
Peloponnese
Minoan
Mycenaean
Zodiac sign
constellation
transliteration
Ancient Greek
Latin
Aulus Cornelius Celsus
De Medicina
Hippocrates
tumors

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