Cape York Peninsula

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748,000 ha (1,850,000 acres), or 5.6 percent of the total land area of Cape York Peninsula. Rainforests depend on some level of rainfall throughout the long dry season, climatic conditions that are mostly found on the eastern slopes of the peninsula's coastal ranges. Being almost exclusively untouched, old-growth forests and supporting a disproportionately high biodiversity including flora of Gondwanan and New Guinean origin, the rainforests are of high conservation significance. The largest contiguous rainforest area on the peninsula occurs in the McIllwraith Range-

249: 3736: 366: 65: 3346: 1842: 1701: 799: 1475: 978:, located in its far southeastern corner while the peninsula's largest settlement is the mining town Weipa on the Gulf of Carpentaria. The remainder is extremely sparsely populated, with about half the population living in very small settlements and cattle ranches. Along the peninsula developmental road, there are small service centres at 1783: 899: 293:

in May 1848, and it turned out to be one of the great disasters of Australian exploration. Of the thirteen men who set out, only three survived. The others died of fever or starvation, or were speared by hostile Aboriginal people. Kennedy died of spear wounds almost within sight of his destination in

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and almost the entire area of Cape York Peninsula (99.6%) still retains its native vegetation and is little fragmented. Although abundant and fully functioning on the peninsula, tropical savannahs are now rare and highly degraded in other parts of the world. Cape York Peninsula also contains one of

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The first known contact between European and Aboriginal people occurred on the west coast of the peninsula in 1606, but it was not settled by Europeans until the 19th century when fishing communities, then stations and later mining towns were established. European settlement led to the displacement

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and from across the Torres Strait in New Guinea with the most variety being found in the rainforest areas. Most of the Cape York Peninsula is drier than nearby New Guinea which limits the rainforest plants of that island from migrating across to Australia. Tropical rainforests cover an area of

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integrity. With little disturbance on both water flows and vegetation cover throughout entire catchments, Cape York Peninsula has been identified as one of the few places where tropical water cycles remain essentially intact. Cape York Peninsula contributes as much as a quarter of Australia's

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from November to April, during which time the forest becomes almost uninhabitable, and a dry season from May to October. The temperature is warm to hot, with a cooler climate in higher areas. The mean annual temperatures range from 18 °C (64 °F) at higher elevations to 27 °C

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Bamaga Road now bypasses the overland telegraph line (OTL) track, which is often referred to as the tele track. The tele track was used for construction and maintenance of the OTL until it was superseded by first microwave relay towers and then by fibre optic cables, and is now used by

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land animal species of which 40 are endemic. As a result, from its geological history, "the flora and fauna of Cape York Peninsula are a complex mixture of Gondwanan relics, Australian isolationists and Asian or New Guinean invaders" (p. 41). Birds of the peninsula include

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Annual rainfall is high, ranging from over 2,000 mm (79 in) in the Iron Range and north of Weipa to about 700 mm (28 in) at the southern border. Almost all this rain falls between November and April, and only on the eastern slopes of the Iron Range is the

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Abrahams, H., Mulvaney, M., Glasco, D., Bugg, A. (1995). Areas of Conservation Significance on Cape York Peninsula. Cape York Peninsula Land Use Strategy. Office of the Co-ordinator General of Queensland, Australian Heritage Commission. Accessed 15 January 2008, from

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rainfall between June and September above 5 mm (0.2 in). Between January and March, however, the median monthly rainfall ranges from about 170 mm (7 in) in the south to over 500 mm (20 in) in the north and on the Iron Range.

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The extensive wetlands on Cape York Peninsula are "among the largest, richest and most diverse in Australia". 19 wetlands of national significance have been identified, mostly on the large floodplains and in coastal areas. Important wetlands include the

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The peninsula is a popular tourist destination in the dry season for camping, hiking, bird watching and fishing enthusiasts. Many people make the adventurous, but rewarding, drive to the tip of Cape York, the northernmost point of mainland Australia.

1818:, which a consortium of companies, the Cape York Space Agency, promoted with support from the federal government. In 1992, investor support failed, and in 2017, legal ownership of 160,000 ha (400,000 acres) of land required was returned to the 362:. The peninsula is bordered by water on three sides (north, east and west). There is no clear demarcation to the south, although the official boundary in the Cape York Peninsula Heritage Act 2007 of Queensland runs along at about 16°S latitude. 1312:(also known as Koko-Daiyuri, Kuku Yak, Thayorre, and used as a generic name for several related languages/dialects) is an Australian Aboriginal Language spoken on Western Cape York Peninsula, particularly in the area around Pormpuraaw ( 3002:

Neldner, V.J., Clarkson, J.R. (1994). Vegetation Survey of Cape York Peninsula. Cape York Peninsula Land Use Study (CYPLUS). Office of the Co-ordinator General and Department of Environment and Heritage, Government of Queensland:

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galleries surround the town of Laura, some of which are available for public viewing. There is also a new interpretive centre from which information on the rock art and local culture is available and tours can be arranged.

3338: 4221: 3315: 1142:(also known as Winda Winda and Linginiti) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Linngithigh people. The Linngithigh language region includes landscape within the local government boundaries of the 950:

and New Guinea, at times enclosing an enormous freshwater lake (Lake Carpentaria) in the centre of what is now the Gulf of Carpentaria. Australia and New Guinea remained connected in this way until the shallow

3151: 264:, on the western shore of Cape York Peninsula. This was the first recorded landing of a European in Australia, and it also marked the first reported contact between European and Aboriginal Australian people. 1302:(also known as Gugu Yau, Yao, Ya'o, Koko Ya'o and Koka-yao) is an Australian Aboriginal language. The traditional language area of Kuuku Ya'u includes landscape within the local government boundaries of the 407:

The point of the Main, which forms one side of the Passage before mentioned, and which is the Northern Promontory of this Country, I have named York Cape, in honour of his late Royal Highness, the Duke of

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remain. The roads are unsealed and in places are difficult to traverse. They are considered suitable for four-wheel-drive vehicles only and also considered only suitable to be driven in the dry season.

325:(on Cape York) where the Jardines' father was commander. En route they lost most of their horses, many of their stores and fought pitched battles with Aboriginal people, finally arriving in March 1865. 1712:

Cattle station leases occupy about 57% of the total area, mostly located in central and eastern Cape York Peninsula. Indigenous land comprises about 20%, with the entire West coast being held under

1250:, the lower reaches of the Dulhunty River and the upper reaches of the Skardon River in the north. Following the displacement of Indigenous people by British settlement, it was also spoken in the 916:

some 300 million years ago, when Australia collided with what is now parts of South America and New Zealand. The range has experienced significant erosion since. Around 40 million years ago, the

4214: 1747:, weeds, and other introduced species but Cape York Peninsula remains fairly unspoilt with intact and healthy river systems and no recorded plant or animal extinction since European settlement. 1272:(also known as Yiront, Jirjoront, Yir-yiront, and Kokomindjan) is an Australian Aboriginal language. Its traditional language region is in Western Cape York within the local government areas of 1164:

related languages) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Luthigh people. The traditional language area for Luthigh includes landscape within the local government boundaries of the

1234:(also known as Anggamudi, Ankamuti, Atampaya, Bawtjathi, and Lotiga) is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Western Cape York Peninsula. The traditional language region includes north of 4741: 190:

and other types of habitat are now recognised and preserved for their global environmental significance. Although much of the peninsula remains pristine, with a diverse repertoire of endemic

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Kunjen (also known as Koko Wanggara, Ngundjan and Olkola) is a language of Western Cape York. The Kunjen language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of

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Confirmation of the extinction of the Bramble Cay melomys Melomys rubicola on Bramble Cay, Torres Strait: results and conclusions from a comprehensive survey in August–September 2014

3107: 2808: 2766: 2724: 2682: 2580: 2538: 2496: 2454: 2382: 1333:(also known as Wik, Wiknantjara, Wik Nganychara, Wik Ngencherr) is a traditional language of the area which includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the 412:

The tropical landscapes are among the most stable in the world. Long undisturbed by tectonic activity, the peninsula is an extremely eroded, almost level low plain dominated by

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to Lakeland and Cooktown. The road north of Lakeland Downs to the tip of the peninsula is sometimes cut after heavy rains during the wet season (roughly December to May).

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Woinarski, J., Mackey, B., Nix, H., Traill, B. (2007). The nature of northern Australia: Natural values, ecological processes and future prospects. Canberra: ANU E press.

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in Australia, with more than 260 endemic plant species found so far. Therefore, parts of the peninsula have been noted for their exceptionally high wilderness quality.

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The "Cape York Peninsula Land Use Strategy" study was commissioned by the Australian government in 1990 to create plans to protect the wilderness and a nomination for

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The Peninsula Ridge forms the drainage divide between the Gulf of Carpentaria and the Coral Sea. To the west, a series of large, winding river systems including the

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emerged around 5 million years ago. In the lee of this collision zone, the ancient rock formations of what is now Cape York Peninsula remained largely undisturbed.

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of the great rivers of the western plains. Many of these wetlands come into existence only during the wet season and support rare or uncommon plant communities.

832:, they swell to mighty waterways, spreading across extensive floodplains and coastal wetlands and giving life to a vast array of freshwater and wetland species. 278:

was encountered. The aim was to establish a route to the tip of the peninsula, where Sydney businessmen were attempting development of a port for trade with the

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orchids. In all, this rainforest contains at least 1000 different plants, including 100 rare or threatened species, and 16% of Australia's orchid species.

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in the southeast of the bioregion. On 16 June 2024, a submission was made for the Cape York Peninsula to be a mixed world-heritage site under the title

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Kugu Muminh (also known as Kuku-Muminh) is one of the traditional languages which includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the

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vehicle enthusiasts in the dry season. Many crossings, such as the bridge over the Wenlock near Moreton station, have been upgraded; however, many

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Cofinas, M., Creighton, C. (2001). Australian Native Vegetation Assessment. National Land and Water Resources Audit. Accessed 20 April 2008, from

4051: 3902: 3213: 3185: 236: 4110: 4099: 4056: 1982: 2248: 1907:

Mackey, B. G., Nix, H., & Hitchcock, P. (2001). The natural heritage significance of Cape York Peninsula. Retrieved 15 January 2008, from

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Frith, D.W., Frith, C.B. (1995). Cape York Peninsula: A Natural History. Chatswood: Reed Books Australia. Reprinted with amendments in 2006.

2942: 2910: 4151: 2166: 511:(81 °F) on the lowlands in the drier southwest. Temperatures over 40 °C (104 °F) and below 5 °C (41 °F) are rare. 1444:

Cape York Peninsula supports a complex mosaic of intact tropical rainforests, tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannahs, shrublands,

490:). It is because of this extraordinary soil poverty that the region is so thinly settled: the soils are so unworkable and unresponsive to 3116: 1488:

The flora of the peninsula includes original Gondwanan species, plants that have emerged since the breakup of Gondwana and species from

886:. Tapping those heavy tropical rainfalls, the peninsula's rivers are also of particular importance for replenishing central Australia's 174:, Australia. It is the largest wilderness in northern Australia. The land is mostly flat and about half of the area is used for grazing 4726: 3685: 1102:, which seems to be the only aboriginal language on the peninsula that is developing very quickly, as it is the second language of the 3028: 446:

rocks. To the east and west of the peninsula ridge lie the Carpentaria and Laura Basins, respectively, themselves made up of ancient

1494: 1125: 890:. The Queensland Government is currently poised to protect 13 of Cape York Peninsula's wild rivers under the Wild Rivers Act 2005. 2659: 2629: 2431: 2299: 3115:, Unpublished report to the Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Queensland Government, Brisbane., archived from 396: 2073:

Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel. (2007). Cape York Peninsula Heritage X\au/LEGISLTN/CURRENT/C/CapeYorkPHA07.pdf

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On 25 November 2021, 2,188 km (845 sq mi) of land on the eastern side of the peninsula were handed back to the

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swamps. The savannah woodlands consist typically of a tall dense grass layer and varying densities of trees, predominantly

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was the first European explorer to attempt an overland expedition of Cape York Peninsula. He had been second-in-command to

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are found in other parts of Australia but have important populations on the peninsula. The peninsula is also home to the

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Kugu Yi'anh is a language of Cape York. The traditional language area of Kugu Yi'anh includes areas within Cape York.

1094:. Some of these languages are being acquired by children or are spoken by all generations in remote communities. Most 828:, those rivers are reduced to a series of waterholes and sandy beds. Yet, with the arrival of torrential rains in the 4716: 3613: 3599: 3585: 3570: 3562: 3547: 3533: 3518: 3489: 3468: 3453: 3445: 3423: 3408: 3393: 3052: 2359: 2329: 2149: 1754:

is currently being considered by the Queensland and Australian Federal governments. Major national parks include the

1645:. Other rainforest fauna includes 200 species of butterfly including 11 endemic butterflies one of which is the huge 990:. About 30 km (19 mi) offshore north of the tip of Cape York, there is a sizeable service centre on nearby 3663: 2189: 1637:

The rainforests of the Kutini-Payamu National Park support species that are also found in New Guinea, including the

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from the tip of Cape York. The language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the

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On the Eastern slopes, the shorter, faster-flowing Jacky Jacky Creek, Olive, Pascoe, Lockhart, Stewart, Jeannie and

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Languages of Cape York: Papers presented to a Symposium organised by the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies

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The riverbanks of the lowlands are home to specific wildlife of their own while the rivers including the Jardine,

244:, 1948. In 1848, Kennedy, Assistant-Surveyor of New South Wales, led an expedition to explore Cape York Peninsula. 3998: 3797: 1877:

Mittermeier, R.E. et al. (2002). Wilderness: Earth's last wild places. Mexico City: Agrupación Sierra Madre, S.C.

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can be found. Northeast Cape York Peninsula supports Australia's largest areas of this highly diverse ecosystem.

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peoples, in a native title claim that was lodged seven years prior. The landmark ruling was delivered by Justice

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Rivers flow towards the Coral Sea, providing important freshwater and nutrients to the healthiest section of the

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and resulting low sea levels, Cape York Peninsula provided a low-lying land link. Another link existed between

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At the tip of the peninsula lies Cape York, the northernmost point on the Australian mainland. It was named by

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Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel. (2005). Wild Rivers Act 2005. Retrieved 23 March 2008, from

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are rich in fish. The wetlands and coastal mangroves are noted for their importance as a fish nursery and

4636: 4631: 4551: 4531: 4122: 4067: 3886: 3658: 2828: 2786: 2744: 2702: 2600: 2558: 2516: 2474: 2402: 1397: 1285: 810: 385:. It is some 660 km (410 mi) from the southern border of Cook Shire, to the tip of Cape York. 346: 4361: 4291: 4116: 4030: 3848: 3698: 1393: 1281: 999: 902: 450:

sediments. There are several outstanding landforms on the peninsula: the large expanses of undisturbed

370: 271: 3210: 3182: 1224:. The language region includes areas within the local government boundaries of Weipa Town Council and 942:

epoch Australia and New Guinea were alternately land-linked and separated by water. During periods of

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and in most cases so old and weathered that very little development is apparent today (classified in

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The soils are remarkably infertile even compared to other areas of Australia, being almost entirely

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Today the peninsula has a population of only about 18,000, of which a large percentage (~60%) are

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at the eastern coast around Shelburne Bay and Cape Bedford-Cape Flattery, the huge piles of black

4697: 4596: 4586: 4451: 4351: 3768: 3622:. The Final Report of The Community Economic Development Projects Cook Shire. Cook Shire Council. 1755: 1535: 1309: 1087: 1079: 1075: 968: 866:

and Jack River National Parks, are crossed by the Morehead, Hann, North Kennedy, Laura, Jack and

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The tip of the peninsula (Cape York) was finally reached by Europeans in 1864 when the brothers

2911:"National Native Title Register Details: QCD2021/007 - Uutaalnganu (Night Island) determination" 2162: 1288:. Following the removal of Aboriginal people from their traditional lands, it is also spoken in 3943: 3435: 3431: 1642: 1299: 1289: 1255: 1177: 1128:. Traditionally the language was spoken on Eastern Cape York particularly in the localities of 1007: 964: 798: 299: 210: 206: 3430:

Islanders and Aborigines at Cape York: An ethnographic reconstruction based on the 1848-1850 '

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The peninsula is formed from the northern part of the Great Dividing Range, folded during the

4721: 4436: 4426: 3880: 3869: 3820: 3762: 3378: 2820: 1936: 1458: 1293: 1133: 1067: 917: 382: 36: 4731: 4646: 4611: 4556: 4411: 4391: 4326: 4306: 4261: 3719: 3025: 1855: 1646: 1107: 1103: 1071: 1063: 995: 979: 975: 887: 435: 322: 290: 241: 171: 248: 8: 4501: 4471: 4461: 4276: 4271: 4266: 3921: 3875: 1827: 1763: 1751: 1681: 1627: 1619: 1269: 1259: 1181: 1139: 1055: 883: 355: 187: 132: 3735: 2190:"Multipurpose Freshwater Coastal Reservoirs and Their Role in Mitigating Climate Change" 4671: 4666: 4616: 4561: 4546: 4526: 4421: 4401: 4396: 4371: 4008: 3988: 2508: 2466: 2220: 1997: 1976: 1689: 1615: 1352: 1235: 1203: 1117: 1099: 1027: 840: 507: 483: 199: 2778: 2736: 2651: 2621: 2423: 2394: 2291: 1790:

There are two roads passing north–south through Cape York Peninsula to Cape York: the

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In February 1606, Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon landed near the site of what is now

4581: 4476: 4446: 4331: 4301: 4025: 3693: 3637: 3609: 3595: 3581: 3566: 3558: 3543: 3529: 3514: 3485: 3464: 3449: 3441: 3419: 3404: 3389: 3308:"Indigenous owners who defeated Cape York spaceport given back lands after 150 years" 3048: 2224: 2212: 2145: 2032: 1962: 1847: 1735:

There are extensive deposits of bauxite along the west or Gulf of Carpentaria coast.

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in the southeast, across to the west coast just south of the aboriginal community of

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and other trees. Australia's largest mangrove forest can be found at Newcastle Bay.

1474: 365: 4686: 4676: 4626: 4491: 4481: 4406: 4381: 4376: 4336: 4088: 3993: 3908: 2204: 1819: 1803: 1591: 1157: 987: 428: 424: 378: 3528:. 3 Vols. Reprint: Facsimile Edition, Hesperian Press, Victoria Park, W.A., 1984. 3181:

Australian Government. Australian Natural Resource Atlas. Accessed 20 April 2008,

3065: 2877:"Historic ruling hands massive tract of Cape York land back to traditional owners" 1908: 4541: 4386: 4321: 4316: 4251: 4105: 4020: 3254: 3240: 3217: 3189: 3093: 3032: 2974: 2275: 2252: 1915: 1823: 1807: 1650: 1638: 1527: 1513: 1463: 1445: 1231: 1161: 1059: 991: 836: 423:, with some very low hills rising to 800 m (2,600 ft) elevation in the 303: 214: 32: 28: 1782: 1377:

rights, and has won such rights over 45% per cent of the region by around 2018.

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The backbone of Cape York Peninsula is the peninsula ridge, part of Australia's

198:, some of its wildlife may be threatened by industry and overgrazing as well as 64: 4656: 4466: 4366: 4356: 4311: 4296: 4256: 4246: 4135: 4041: 3938: 3915: 3475:

Quinkan Country: Adventures in Search of Aboriginal Cave Paintings in Cape York

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Cape York Peninsula Development Association. Homepage. Accessed 23 April 2008,

2208: 2108: 1685: 1654: 1389: 1330: 1206:. The language region includes areas within the local government boundaries of 921: 879: 867: 821: 286: 267: 223:

was the first European to land in Australia, reaching the Cape York Peninsula.

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In December 2022 the Federal Court recognised the native title claims for the

4710: 4606: 4456: 4416: 4003: 3932: 3831: 2216: 1830:, would have included a new town, tourist resorts, an airport and a harbour. 1717: 1677: 1673: 1554: 1502: 1498: 1481: 1416: 1381: 1321: 1303: 1277: 1243: 1239: 1225: 1207: 1165: 1143: 1129: 952: 928: 913: 855: 818: 814: 802: 463: 295: 155: 128: 90: 77: 2592: 2550: 974:

The administrative and commercial centre for much of Cape York Peninsula is

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Queen of the North: A Pictorial History of Cooktown and Cape York Peninsula

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people. The development, which was heavily supported by Queensland premier

1566: 1507: 1370: 1111: 898: 275: 253: 3142:"Revealed: first mammal species wiped out by human-induced climate change" 2351: 2321: 1220:

spoken on Western Cape York in the Weipa area taking in Albatross Bay and

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At the peninsula's widest point, it is 430 km (270 mi) from the

306:. He led a rescue party to the other two who had been unable to continue. 4681: 4496: 4441: 4346: 4046: 4036: 3982: 3977: 3966: 3864: 3714: 1795: 1740: 1729: 1631: 1385: 1263: 1247: 1213: 1199: 1191: 1185: 1169: 1095: 947: 939: 439: 318: 279: 2849: 2004:, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University 4341: 4281: 3927: 3897: 3891: 3825: 3814: 3802: 3792: 3786: 3774: 3555:

National Treasures: Flowering plants of Cooktown and Northern Australia

1570: 1519: 1428: 1341: 1334: 932: 844: 829: 825: 491: 443: 420: 392: 389: 179: 110: 1622:, one of the world's most venomous snakes. Mammals include the rodent 4093: 3949: 3725: 2812: 2770: 2728: 2686: 2584: 2542: 2500: 2458: 2386: 2268: 1815: 1744: 1662: 1658: 1543: 1420: 1412: 1306:: Eastern Cape York, Uu'ungun south to Claudie River and hinterland. 874: 359: 167: 124: 114: 55: 1700: 4566: 4511: 2807: 2765: 2723: 2681: 2579: 2537: 2495: 2453: 2381: 1661:

that is now severely depleted from eating the introduced poisonous

1550: 1468: 1453: 1449: 1408: 924: 479: 447: 438:. This mountain range is made up of ancient (1.5 billion-year-old) 3418:. 9th edition. Moon Adventure Publications, Pearcedale, Victoria. 2943:"National Native Title Register Details:QCD2021/006 - Kuuku Ya'u" 1725: 1549:

The peninsula's coastal areas and river estuaries are lined with

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The Peninsula's river catchments are noted for their exceptional

487: 455: 413: 219: 183: 3580:. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra. (1976). 2975:"Historic joint native title claim handed down in Torres Strait" 2821:"Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map" 2513:

Queensland's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Languages map

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Queensland's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Languages map

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of Western Cape York, Middle Dulcie River, Lower Batavia River,

805:, northern Cape York Peninsula, at the base of Cape York itself. 3620:

Cape York Peninsula: Pathways to Community Economic Development

1705: 1424: 1401: 1316:). The Thaayorre language region includes the landscape within 1023: 1019: 1015: 862:

The floodplains of the Laura Basin, which are protected in the

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Gynther, Ian; Waller, Natalie; Leung, Luke K.-P. (June 2016),

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Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map

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Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map

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Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map

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on its northward journey, the high mountain ranges of central

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Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

3281:"Soviet hardware bolsters plan for Australian launching site" 1736: 467: 416: 294:

December 1848. The only survivor to complete the journey was

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lies off the east coast and is an important marine habitat.

1462:). These various habitats are home to about 3300 species of 1014:. Torres Strait Islander communities on the mainland are at 824:

empty their waters into the Gulf of Carpentaria. During the

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that attempts to grow commercial crops have usually failed.

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Cape York Peninsula: A History of Unlauded Heroes 1845-2003

3099: 1120:(also known as Yadhaigana, Dyagaraga and Yagulleone) is an 847:

are lined with dense rainforests, sand dunes or mangroves.

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Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA)

1929:"Cape York – cape in the Shire of Torres (entry 38728 )" 350:

The very tip of Cape York, known as Pajinka, from the air.

317:, along with eight companions, drove a mob of cattle from 240:

Commemorative stone for Edmund B. C. Kennedy, unveiled at

3636:. Roy McIvor. Magabala Books. Broome, Western Australia. 3540:

Wildlife of Tropical North Queensland: Cooktown to Mackay

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Premier's Department (prepared by Connell Wagner). 1989.

3339:"Dark and fascinating history of Cape York spaceport bid" 3232:

on Cape York Peninsula. Retrieved 7 February 2008, from

1216:(also known as Awngthim, Tainikuit and Winduwinda) is an 3440:. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies. Canberra. 817:, Coleman, Holroyd, Archer, Watson, Wenlock, Ducie and 213:

for tens of thousands of years. In 1606, Dutch sailor

3557:. Vera Scarth-Johnson Gallery Association, Cooktown. 1369:

The Cape York Land Council, established in 1990 as a

3608:. Central Queensland University Press, Rockhampton. 3594:. Central Queensland University Press, Rockhampton. 1837: 1634:

in the Torres Strait and confirmed extinct in 2016.

1246:(Angkamuthi country) incorporating the mouth of the 3504:

Old Man Fog and the Last Aborigines of Barrow Point

3330: 1739:is the centre for mining. Much has been damaged by 1160:(also known as Lotiga, Tepiti and Uradhi, see also 1045: 3105: 1959:Beneath Another Sky: A Global Journey into History 1743:, mining, poorly controlled fires and feral pigs, 3438:and information he obtained from Barbara Thompson 3299: 3228:Valentine, Peter S. (2006). Compiling a case for 1814:In 1986, Cape York became the proposed site of a 4708: 3592:Nomads of the 19th Century Queensland Goldfields 1497:area. The Gondwanan flora of this area includes 1456:of which the most common is Darwin stringybark ( 470:around Palmerston in the peninsula's far south. 3634:Cockatoo: My Life in Cape York. Stories and Art 1037:Some of the world's most extensive and ancient 3538:Ryan, Michelle and Burwell, Colin, eds. 2000. 3463:. Hopevale Mission Board, Milton, Queensland. 1798:(also called Bamaga Road and Telegraph Road). 1732:mining, nature reserves, tourism and fishing. 1194:(also known Tepithiki and Teyepathiggi) is an 4215: 3679: 3272: 2238: 1873: 1871: 1054:are spoken on Cape York Peninsula, including 334:of Aboriginal communities and the arrival of 3374:Contesting the Future of Cape York Peninsula 3255:"Cultural Landscapes of Cape York Peninsula" 1724:. Land uses include broad-acre pastoralism, 1242:and east of the coast strip to the north of 209:. The land has been occupied by a number of 16:Peninsula in Far North Queensland, Australia 3175: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3009: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2048: 1695: 958: 205:The northernmost point of the peninsula is 4222: 4208: 3686: 3672: 3502:Haviland, John B. with Hart, Roger. 1998. 3081: 3079: 2998: 2996: 2874: 2022: 2020: 2018: 1981:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1868: 1772:Cultural Landscapes of Cape York Peninsula 4698:Bioregions of the National Reserve System 3484:. William Collins (Aust) Ltd., Brisbane. 3305: 3222: 2197:Indian Journal of Environment Engineering 1903: 955:was last flooded around 8,000 years ago. 147:288,804 km (111,508 sq mi) 3499:Allen & Unwin, St. Leonards, Sydney. 3448:(hbk); 0-85575-082-0 (pbk). USA edition 3278: 3006: 2779:"Indigenous languages map of Queensland" 2737:"Indigenous languages map of Queensland" 2395:"Indigenous languages map of Queensland" 2263: 2261: 2187: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2045: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1781: 1699: 1565:The peninsula harbours an extraordinary 1473: 1146:: Western Cape York, Winda Winda Creek, 1126:Northern Peninsula Area Regional Council 1098:languages are being quickly absorbed by 1022:. A completely sealed inland road links 897: 849: 797: 364: 345: 341: 247: 235: 3336: 3076: 2993: 2031:. Adelaide: Rigby Limited. p. 77. 2015: 231: 4709: 3506:. Crawford House Publishing, Bathurst. 3139: 3133: 3066:"Cape York Peninsula tropical savanna" 2875:Richardson, Holly (25 November 2021). 1956: 1716:. The remainder is mostly declared as 1358: 920:began to split apart from the ancient 502:The climate on Cape York Peninsula is 397:Prince Edward, Duke of York and Albany 4203: 3667: 3511:Cape York Peninsula Resource Analysis 3045:Wildlife of Tropical North Queensland 2362:from the original on 17 February 2019 2332:from the original on 17 February 2019 2286: 2284: 2258: 2127: 1880: 1722:Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service 893: 4537:New South Wales South Western Slopes 2981:from the original on 7 December 2022 2811:This Knowledge article incorporates 2769:This Knowledge article incorporates 2727:This Knowledge article incorporates 2685:This Knowledge article incorporates 2583:This Knowledge article incorporates 2541:This Knowledge article incorporates 2499:This Knowledge article incorporates 2457:This Knowledge article incorporates 2385:This Knowledge article incorporates 2169:from the original on 10 January 2010 1927: 1092:Australian Aboriginal sign languages 403:, who had died three years earlier: 3497:Dream Road: A Journey of Discovery. 2955:from the original on 4 January 2022 2923:from the original on 4 January 2022 2891:from the original on 3 January 2022 2885:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 2026: 1995: 13: 3349:from the original on 16 March 2022 3252: 2662:from the original on 23 April 2021 2632:from the original on 23 April 2021 2434:from the original on 23 April 2021 2302:from the original on 23 April 2021 2281: 2188:Sasidhar, Nallapaneni (May 2023). 2002:Australian Dictionary of Biography 1704:'BEWARE' (presumably of wandering 998:, Pormpuraaw, Kowanyama, Aurukun, 14: 4758: 4727:Landforms of Far North Queensland 3648: 3388:. Hodder and Stroughton, London. 3306:Robertson, Joshua (17 May 2017). 3287:from the original on 12 June 2018 3154:from the original on 14 June 2016 2115:from the original on 3 March 2016 3734: 3655:Cape York Peninsula Oral History 3618:Wynter, Jo and John Hill. 1991. 3573:Limited Edition - Leather Bound. 3416:Cape York: An Adventurer's Guide 3318:from the original on 22 May 2017 3140:Slezak, Michael (14 June 2016). 2806: 2764: 2722: 2680: 2578: 2536: 2494: 2452: 2380: 1840: 1046:Indigenous languages and peoples 994:. Aboriginal communities are at 401:George III of the United Kingdom 328: 63: 3626: 3542:. Queensland Museum, Brisbane. 3477:. A.H. & A.W. Reed, Sydney. 3386:Captain James Cook: a biography 3253:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. 3246: 3204: 3195: 3166: 3058: 3038: 2967: 2935: 2903: 2868: 2842: 2800: 2758: 2716: 2674: 2644: 2614: 2572: 2530: 2488: 2446: 2416: 2374: 2344: 2314: 2181: 2155: 2101: 395:on 21 August 1770 in honour of 358:and the east coast borders the 256:with ship Duyfken, in 1605–1606 3337:Calcino, Chris (19 May 2017). 3279:Anderson, Ian (24 June 1989). 3172:(Sattler & Williams, 1999) 2948:National Native Title Tribunal 2916:National Native Title Tribunal 2076: 2067: 1989: 1950: 1921: 1252:Northern Peninsula Area Region 1218:Australian Aboriginal language 1196:Australian Aboriginal language 1122:Australian Aboriginal language 918:Indo-Australian tectonic plate 1: 4572:Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields 3365: 3047:. (2000). Queensland Museum. 1760:Oyala Thumotang National Park 1684:habitat, providing important 1274:Aboriginal Shire of Kowanyama 1254:including the communities of 716:Average rainfall mm (inches) 211:Aboriginal Australian peoples 178:. The relatively undisturbed 21:Cape York Peninsula bioregion 3553:Scarth-Johnson, Vera. 2000. 3259:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 2084:"Australia's Extreme Points" 1861: 1792:Peninsula Developmental Road 1777: 1448:, wetlands, wild rivers and 1318:Pormpuraaw Community Council 285:The expedition set out from 7: 4747:Extreme points of Australia 4637:Tasmanian Northern Midlands 4632:Tasmanian Central Highlands 4552:Pacific Subtropical Islands 4532:New South Wales North Coast 3659:State Library of Queensland 3456:(hbk); 0-391-00948-6 (pbk). 3414:Moon, Ron & Viv. 2003. 2829:State Library of Queensland 2825:State Library of Queensland 2787:State Library of Queensland 2783:State Library of Queensland 2745:State Library of Queensland 2741:State Library of Queensland 2703:State Library of Queensland 2656:State Library of Queensland 2626:State Library of Queensland 2601:State Library of Queensland 2559:State Library of Queensland 2517:State Library of Queensland 2475:State Library of Queensland 2428:State Library of Queensland 2403:State Library of Queensland 2399:State Library of Queensland 2296:State Library of Queensland 1833: 1708:) sign. Cape York Peninsula 1398:Supreme Court of Queensland 1280:, in the catchments of the 646:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 576:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 527:Climate data for Cape York 506:in the south, with a heavy 427:on the eastern side around 354:The west coast borders the 272:Thomas Livingstone Mitchell 10: 4763: 4362:Davenport Murchison Ranges 3699:First voyage of James Cook 2209:10.54105/ijee.A1842.053123 1630:, which was found only on 1434: 1394:Federal Court of Australia 1362: 927:. As it collided with the 785: 526: 497: 226: 18: 4695: 4652:Tasmanian Southern Ranges 4642:Tasmanian Northern Slopes 4507:Murray Darling Depression 4237: 4192:*Places where Cook landed 4190: 4157:Sir Charles Hardy Islands 3840: 3743: 3732: 3706: 3526:The Queensland Aborigines 3482:Last Days of a Wilderness 1626:, related to the extinct 1608:yellow-spotted honeyeater 1600:white-streaked honeyeater 1588:Psephotus chrysopterygius 1576:buff-breasted buttonquail 1365:Native title in Australia 793: 715: 645: 575: 570: 567: 564: 561: 558: 555: 552: 549: 546: 543: 540: 537: 534: 531: 321:to the new settlement of 315:Alexander William Jardine 311:Francis Lascelles (Frank) 289:near the present town of 151: 143: 138: 120: 106: 71: 62: 53: 46: 4717:Peninsulas of Queensland 4592:South Eastern Queensland 4577:South East Coastal Plain 4517:Naracoorte Coastal Plain 1822:, Kuku Yau and Northern 1696:Threats and preservation 1584:golden-shouldered parrot 1560: 1439: 1039:Aboriginal rock painting 959:People and culture today 845:wild, undisturbed rivers 19:Not to be confused with 4737:Physiographic provinces 4597:Southern Volcanic Plain 4587:South Eastern Highlands 4452:Indian Tropical Islands 4352:Darling Riverine Plains 3695:Australian places named 3604:Wallace, Lennie. 2003. 3590:Wallace, Lennie. 2000. 3399:Pike, Glenville. 1979. 1957:Davies, Norman (2017). 1796:Northern Peninsula Road 1756:Apudthama National Park 969:Torres Strait Islanders 473: 460:Kalkajaka National Park 336:Torres Strait Islanders 4522:New England Tablelands 4175:Prince of Wales' Isles 3480:Trezise, Percy. 1973. 3459:Pohlner, Peter. 1986. 3428:Moore, David R. 1979. 3384:Hough, Richard. 1994. 3201:Wynter and Hill (1991) 3072:. World Wildlife Fund. 3070:Terrestrial Ecoregions 2854:Cape York Land Council 2246:legislation.qld.gov.au 1998:"Willem Janssen (?–?)" 1933:Queensland Place Names 1787: 1768:Rinyirru National Park 1752:World Natural Heritage 1709: 1643:southern common cuscus 1485: 1484:, Cape York Peninsula. 1351:Community Council and 909: 859: 854:Tourists crossing the 843:. On their way, those 806: 410: 374: 351: 257: 245: 4437:Gulf Fall and Uplands 4427:Great Victoria Desert 3379:Australian Geographer 3031:12 April 2008 at the 2109:"From Cook's Journal" 2027:Joy, William (1964). 1937:Queensland Government 1785: 1703: 1614:) while some such as 1604:Trichodere cockerelli 1569:, with more than 700 1477: 1467:the highest rates of 1459:Eucalyptus tetrodonta 1363:Further information: 1168:: Eastern Cape York, 1134:Mount Adolphus Island 907:Hodgkinson Goldfields 901: 853: 801: 405: 368: 349: 342:Geography and geology 251: 239: 121:Offshore water bodies 37:Cape York (Greenland) 4647:Tasmanian South East 4612:Subantarctic Islands 4487:Mitchell Grass Downs 4412:Geraldton Sandplains 4392:Flinders Lofty Block 4307:Central Mackay Coast 4104:14 June – 4 August: 3944:Northumberland Isles 3632:McIvor, Roy (2010). 3576:Sutton, Peter (ed). 3495:Trezise, P.J. 1993. 3473:Trezise, P.J. 1969. 3371:Holmes, John. 2011. 3239:27 June 2008 at the 3216:27 July 2008 at the 3188:27 July 2008 at the 2251:27 June 2008 at the 1914:27 June 2008 at the 1856:Geology of Australia 1786:Old Telegraph Track. 1052:Aboriginal languages 1002:, Napranum, Mapoon, 914:Carboniferous period 888:Great Artesian Basin 466:, and the limestone 436:Great Dividing Range 399:, a brother of King 232:European exploration 188:tropical rainforests 172:Far North Queensland 4472:Little Sandy Desert 4287:Cape York Peninsula 4277:Broken Hill Complex 4272:Brigalow Belt South 4267:Brigalow Belt North 3989:Whitsundays Passage 3876:Double Island Point 3092:23 May 2008 at the 2274:16 May 2008 at the 2088:Australian Extremes 1828:Joh Bjelke-Petersen 1720:and managed by the 1628:Bramble Cay melomys 1620:eastern brown snake 1528:tropical heathlands 1526:On poor, dry soils 1359:Native title claims 1090:and a multitude of 884:Tropic of Capricorn 356:Gulf of Carpentaria 164:Cape York Peninsula 133:Gulf of Carpentaria 87: / 48:Cape York Peninsula 4672:Victorian Midlands 4667:Victoria Bonaparte 4617:Swan Coastal Plain 4547:Ord Victoria Plain 4527:Northern Kimberley 4422:Great Sandy Desert 4372:Einasleigh Uplands 4009:Cumberland Islands 3809:The Three Brothers 3513:. Cairns. (1989). 3026:environment.gov.au 1788: 1758:in the far north, 1710: 1690:Great Barrier Reef 1616:pied oystercatcher 1486: 1417:Kemer Kemer Meriam 1353:Cook Shire Council 1322:Cook Shire Council 1208:Cook Shire Council 1174:Northern Peninsula 1144:Cook Shire Council 1028:Atherton Tableland 910: 894:Geological history 860: 841:Great Barrier Reef 807: 484:USDA soil taxonomy 375: 369:Sand dunes around 352: 258: 246: 200:introduced species 144: • Total 4704: 4703: 4582:South East Corner 4477:MacDonnell Ranges 4302:Central Kimberley 4197: 4196: 4169:Possession Island 4063:Frankland Islands 4021:Magnetical Island 3972:Cape Hillsborough 3642:978-1-921248-22-1 3524:Roth, W.E. 1897. 3381:, Vol, 42, No. 1. 3283:. New Scientist. 2038:978-0-85179-112-8 1968:978-1-84614-832-3 1848:Queensland portal 1651:green tree python 1624:Cape York melomys 1536:Apudthama Complex 1396:, sitting at the 1373:, has fought for 965:Aboriginal people 858:in the Wet Season 790: 789: 338:on the mainland. 274:in 1846 when the 161: 160: 4754: 4492:Mount Isa Inlier 4382:Eyre Yorke Block 4377:Esperance Plains 4337:Cumberland Plain 4224: 4217: 4210: 4201: 4200: 4089:Cape Tribulation 3994:Pentecost Island 3870:The Glass Houses 3738: 3688: 3681: 3674: 3665: 3664: 3550:(set of 3 vols). 3359: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3334: 3328: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3303: 3297: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3276: 3270: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3250: 3244: 3226: 3220: 3208: 3202: 3199: 3193: 3179: 3173: 3170: 3164: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3137: 3131: 3130: 3129: 3127: 3121: 3114: 3103: 3097: 3083: 3074: 3073: 3062: 3056: 3042: 3036: 3021: 3004: 3000: 2991: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2971: 2965: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2939: 2933: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2907: 2901: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2872: 2866: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2846: 2840: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2810: 2804: 2798: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2768: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2726: 2720: 2714: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2652:"Kuuk Thaayorre" 2648: 2642: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2618: 2612: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2582: 2576: 2570: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2540: 2534: 2528: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2498: 2492: 2486: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2456: 2450: 2444: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2420: 2414: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2384: 2378: 2372: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2348: 2342: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2318: 2312: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2288: 2279: 2265: 2256: 2242: 2236: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2194: 2185: 2179: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2159: 2153: 2142: 2125: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2105: 2099: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2080: 2074: 2071: 2065: 2062: 2043: 2042: 2024: 2013: 2012: 2011: 2009: 1996:Forsyth, J. W., 1993: 1987: 1986: 1980: 1972: 1954: 1948: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1925: 1919: 1905: 1878: 1875: 1850: 1845: 1844: 1843: 1804:four-wheel drive 1688:and finally the 1612:Meliphaga notata 1596:Malurus amabilis 1592:lovely fairywren 1542:systems and the 1464:flowering plants 524: 523: 504:tropical savanna 425:McIlwraith Range 379:Bloomfield River 102: 101: 99: 98: 97: 92: 88: 85: 84: 83: 80: 67: 44: 43: 4762: 4761: 4757: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4752: 4751: 4707: 4706: 4705: 4700: 4691: 4542:Nullarbor Plain 4322:Cobar Peneplain 4317:Channel Country 4252:Australian Alps 4233: 4228: 4198: 4193: 4186: 4106:Endeavour River 3999:Cape Gloucester 3836: 3752:Mount Dromedary 3744:New South Wales 3739: 3730: 3702: 3692: 3651: 3629: 3368: 3363: 3362: 3352: 3350: 3343:The Cairns Post 3335: 3331: 3321: 3319: 3304: 3300: 3290: 3288: 3277: 3273: 3263: 3261: 3251: 3247: 3241:Wayback Machine 3227: 3223: 3218:Wayback Machine 3209: 3205: 3200: 3196: 3190:Wayback Machine 3180: 3176: 3171: 3167: 3157: 3155: 3138: 3134: 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1832: 1794:(PDR) and the 1779: 1776: 1697: 1694: 1686:drought refuge 1655:northern quoll 1647:green birdwing 1562: 1559: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1390:Debra Mortimer 1360: 1357: 1331:Kugu Nganhcara 1310:Kuuk Thaayorre 1286:Mitchell River 1088:Kuuk Thaayorre 1080:Guugu Yalandji 1076:Kugu Nganhcara 1047: 1044: 1000:Lockhart River 960: 957: 922:supercontinent 903:Mount Mulligan 895: 892: 880:surface runoff 795: 792: 788: 787: 783: 782: 777: 772: 767: 762: 757: 752: 747: 742: 737: 732: 727: 722: 717: 713: 712: 707: 702: 697: 692: 687: 682: 677: 672: 667: 662: 657: 652: 647: 643: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 617: 612: 607: 602: 597: 592: 587: 582: 577: 573: 572: 569: 566: 563: 560: 557: 554: 551: 548: 545: 542: 539: 536: 533: 529: 528: 522: 508:monsoon season 499: 496: 475: 472: 343: 340: 330: 327: 287:Rockingham Bay 268:Edmund Kennedy 233: 230: 228: 225: 159: 158: 153: 149: 148: 145: 141: 140: 136: 135: 122: 118: 117: 108: 104: 103: 69: 68: 60: 59: 54: 51: 50: 47: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4759: 4748: 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4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4239: 4236: 4232: 4225: 4220: 4218: 4213: 4211: 4206: 4205: 4202: 4189: 4182: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4170: 4166: 4164: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4133: 4130: 4127: 4124: 4123:Lizard Island 4120: 4118: 4117:Cape Flattery 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4103: 4101: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4052:Hillock Point 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4034: 4032: 4031:Cleveland Bay 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4018: 4016: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4004:Edgecumbe Bay 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3953: 3951: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3936: 3934: 3933:Cape Manyfold 3931: 3929: 3925: 3923: 3919: 3917: 3913: 3910: 3906: 3904: 3903:Breaksea Spit 3901: 3899: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3855:Point Lookout 3852: 3850: 3846: 3845: 3843: 3839: 3833: 3832:Mount Warning 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3818: 3816: 3812: 3810: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3798:Port Stephens 3796: 3794: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3779: 3776: 3772: 3770: 3766: 3764: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3749: 3748: 3746: 3742: 3737: 3727: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3712: 3711: 3709: 3705: 3700: 3696: 3689: 3684: 3682: 3677: 3675: 3670: 3669: 3666: 3660: 3656: 3653: 3652: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3630: 3621: 3617: 3615: 3614:1-876780-43-6 3611: 3607: 3603: 3601: 3600:1-875998-89-6 3597: 3593: 3589: 3587: 3586:0-85575-046-4 3583: 3579: 3575: 3572: 3571:0-646-39725-7 3568: 3564: 3563:0-646-39726-5 3560: 3556: 3552: 3549: 3548:0-85905-045-9 3545: 3541: 3537: 3535: 3534:0-85905-054-8 3531: 3527: 3523: 3520: 3519:0-7242-7008-6 3516: 3512: 3508: 3505: 3501: 3498: 3494: 3491: 3490:0-00-211434-8 3487: 3483: 3479: 3476: 3472: 3470: 3469:1-86252-311-8 3466: 3462: 3458: 3455: 3454:0-391-00946-X 3451: 3447: 3446:0-85575-076-6 3443: 3439: 3437: 3436:O. W. Brierly 3433: 3427: 3425: 3424:0-9578766-4-5 3421: 3417: 3413: 3410: 3409:0-9598960-5-8 3406: 3402: 3398: 3395: 3394:0-340-58598-6 3391: 3387: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3370: 3369: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3333: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3302: 3286: 3282: 3275: 3260: 3256: 3249: 3242: 3238: 3235: 3231: 3225: 3219: 3215: 3212: 3207: 3198: 3191: 3187: 3184: 3178: 3169: 3153: 3149: 3148: 3143: 3136: 3118: 3111: 3110: 3102: 3095: 3091: 3088: 3082: 3080: 3071: 3067: 3061: 3054: 3053:0-7242-9349-3 3050: 3046: 3041: 3034: 3030: 3027: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3010: 2999: 2997: 2980: 2976: 2970: 2954: 2950: 2949: 2944: 2938: 2922: 2918: 2917: 2912: 2906: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2871: 2855: 2851: 2845: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2817: 2814: 2809: 2803: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2775: 2772: 2767: 2761: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2733: 2730: 2725: 2719: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2695:"Kugu Yi'anh" 2691: 2688: 2683: 2677: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2647: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2617: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2589: 2586: 2581: 2575: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2547: 2544: 2539: 2533: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2509:"Thaynakwith" 2505: 2502: 2497: 2491: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2467:"Teppathiggi" 2463: 2460: 2455: 2449: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2419: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2391: 2388: 2383: 2377: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2352:"Wik-Mungkan" 2347: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2317: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2292:"Linngithigh" 2287: 2285: 2277: 2273: 2270: 2264: 2262: 2254: 2250: 2247: 2241: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2191: 2184: 2168: 2164: 2158: 2151: 2150:0-7301-0469-9 2147: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2114: 2110: 2104: 2089: 2085: 2079: 2070: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2040: 2034: 2030: 2029:The Explorers 2023: 2021: 2019: 2003: 1999: 1992: 1984: 1978: 1970: 1964: 1960: 1953: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1924: 1917: 1913: 1910: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1874: 1872: 1867: 1857: 1854: 1853: 1849: 1838: 1831: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1812: 1809: 1805: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1784: 1775: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1748: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1733: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1718:National Park 1715: 1707: 1702: 1693: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1666: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1635: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1580:Turnix olivii 1577: 1572: 1568: 1558: 1556: 1552: 1547: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1531: 1529: 1524: 1522: 1521: 1516: 1515: 1510: 1509: 1505:conifers and 1504: 1503:Podocarpaceae 1500: 1499:Araucariaceae 1496: 1491: 1483: 1482:pitcher plant 1480: 1476: 1472: 1470: 1465: 1461: 1460: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1405: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1366: 1356: 1354: 1350: 1345: 1343: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1282:Coleman River 1279: 1278:Shire of Cook 1275: 1271: 1267: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1244:Port Musgrave 1241: 1240:Duyfken Point 1237: 1233: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1222:Mission River 1219: 1215: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1153: 1149: 1148:Mission River 1145: 1141: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1130:Albany Island 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1043: 1040: 1035: 1031: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 972: 970: 966: 956: 954: 953:Torres Strait 949: 945: 941: 936: 934: 930: 929:Pacific Plate 926: 923: 919: 915: 908: 904: 900: 891: 889: 885: 881: 876: 871: 869: 865: 857: 856:Wenlock River 852: 848: 846: 842: 838: 833: 831: 827: 823: 820: 816: 812: 804: 803:Jardine River 800: 784: 778: 773: 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 714: 708: 703: 698: 693: 688: 683: 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 653: 648: 644: 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 588: 583: 578: 574: 530: 525: 521: 518: 512: 509: 505: 495: 493: 489: 485: 481: 471: 469: 465: 464:Cape Melville 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 432: 430: 426: 422: 418: 415: 409: 404: 402: 398: 394: 391: 386: 384: 380: 372: 371:Cape Flattery 367: 363: 361: 357: 348: 339: 337: 329:First contact 326: 324: 320: 316: 312: 307: 305: 301: 297: 296:Jackey Jackey 292: 288: 283: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 263: 255: 250: 243: 238: 224: 222: 221: 217:on board the 216: 212: 208: 203: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 157: 156:Jardine River 154: 150: 146: 142: 137: 134: 130: 129:Torres Strait 126: 123: 119: 116: 112: 109: 105: 100: 72:Coordinates: 70: 66: 61: 57: 52: 45: 42: 38: 34: 30: 26: 22: 4722:IBRA regions 4662:Tiwi Cobourg 4622:Sydney Basin 4602:Stony Plains 4432:Gulf Coastal 4242:Arnhem Coast 4181:Booby Island 4162: 4129:Eagle Island 4111:Cape Bedford 4100:Hope Islands 4073:Cape Grafton 4057:Double Point 4015:Cape Upstart 3922:Keppel Isles 3860:Cape Moreton 3849:Point Danger 3782:Port Jackson 3763:Pigeon House 3757:Batemans Bay 3633: 3627:Bibliography 3619: 3605: 3591: 3577: 3554: 3539: 3525: 3510: 3503: 3496: 3481: 3474: 3460: 3429: 3415: 3400: 3385: 3372: 3351:. Retrieved 3342: 3332: 3320:. Retrieved 3312:The Guardian 3311: 3301: 3289:. Retrieved 3274: 3262:. Retrieved 3258: 3248: 3224: 3206: 3197: 3177: 3168: 3156:. Retrieved 3147:The Guardian 3145: 3135: 3124:, retrieved 3117:the original 3108: 3101: 3069: 3060: 3044: 3040: 2983:. Retrieved 2969: 2957:. Retrieved 2946: 2937: 2925:. Retrieved 2914: 2905: 2893:. Retrieved 2880: 2870: 2858:. Retrieved 2853: 2844: 2832:. Retrieved 2824: 2802: 2790:. Retrieved 2782: 2760: 2748:. Retrieved 2740: 2718: 2706:. Retrieved 2698: 2676: 2664:. Retrieved 2655: 2646: 2634:. Retrieved 2625: 2622:"Kuuku Ya'u" 2616: 2604:. Retrieved 2596: 2593:"Yir Yiront" 2574: 2562:. Retrieved 2554: 2532: 2520:. Retrieved 2512: 2490: 2478:. Retrieved 2470: 2448: 2436:. Retrieved 2427: 2418: 2406:. Retrieved 2398: 2376: 2364:. Retrieved 2355: 2346: 2334:. Retrieved 2325: 2316: 2304:. Retrieved 2295: 2269:cypda.com.au 2240: 2228:. Retrieved 2203:(1): 31–46. 2200: 2196: 2183: 2171:. Retrieved 2157: 2117:. Retrieved 2103: 2091:. Retrieved 2087: 2078: 2069: 2028: 2006:, retrieved 2001: 1991: 1958: 1952: 1940:. Retrieved 1932: 1923: 1813: 1800: 1789: 1771: 1749: 1734: 1714:native title 1711: 1667: 1636: 1611: 1603: 1595: 1587: 1579: 1567:biodiversity 1564: 1548: 1532: 1525: 1518: 1512: 1508:Arthrochilus 1506: 1487: 1457: 1443: 1406: 1379: 1375:native title 1371:land council 1368: 1346: 1339: 1329: 1326: 1314:Edward River 1308: 1298: 1268: 1230: 1212: 1190: 1156: 1152:Archer River 1138: 1116: 1112:Wikngenchera 1108:Wik-Ngathana 1049: 1036: 1032: 973: 962: 937: 911: 875:hydrological 872: 861: 834: 808: 513: 501: 477: 458:boulders at 433: 411: 406: 387: 376: 353: 332: 308: 284: 276:Barcoo River 266: 259: 254:Willem Jansz 218: 204: 163: 162: 41: 4732:Arafura Sea 4682:Wet Tropics 4497:Mulga Lands 4442:Gulf Plains 4347:Dampierland 4179:23 August: 4167:22 August: 4161:21 August: 4150:20 August: 4134:19 August: 4121:11 August: 4115:10 August: 4084:Trinity Bay 4047:Dunk Island 4037:Halifax Bay 3983:Repulse Bay 3978:Cape Conway 3967:Slade Point 3961:Broad Sound 3909:Bustard Bay 3887:Indian Head 3865:Moreton Bay 3715:Point Hicks 3432:Rattlesnake 3403:. G. Pike. 3211:anra.gov.au 3183:anra.gov.au 3087:anra.gov.au 2818:text from: 2776:text from: 2734:text from: 2692:text from: 2590:text from: 2548:text from: 2506:text from: 2464:text from: 2392:text from: 2366:17 February 2336:17 February 2173:26 November 2093:31 December 1741:overgrazing 1730:silica sand 1657:, a forest 1632:Bramble Cay 1553:forests of 1479:Carnivorous 1446:heath lands 1386:Uutaalnganu 1264:Cowal Creek 1248:Ducie River 1214:Thaynakwith 1200:Ducie River 1192:Teppathiggi 1186:Cowal Creek 1170:Ducie River 1140:Linngithigh 1100:Wik-Mungkan 1072:Wik-Ngathan 1064:Wik Mungkan 1056:Linngithigh 948:Arnhem Land 940:Pleistocene 492:fertilisers 440:Precambrian 421:floodplains 319:Rockhampton 280:East Indies 202:and weeds. 170:located in 94: / 4711:Categories 4557:Pine Creek 4342:Daly Basin 4327:Coolgardie 4282:Burt Plain 4262:Ben Lomond 4152:Bird Isles 4079:Green Isle 4026:Palm Isles 3928:Keppel Bay 3898:Hervey Bay 3892:Sandy Cape 3841:Queensland 3826:Cape Byron 3815:Smoky Cape 3803:Cape Hawke 3787:Broken Bay 3775:Botany Bay 3773:28 April: 3767:25 April: 3761:22 April: 3750:21 April: 3713:19 April: 3366:References 3150:. London. 2985:7 December 2860:23 October 2834:30 January 2792:5 February 2750:5 February 2708:5 February 2666:30 January 2636:30 January 2606:30 January 2564:5 February 2522:5 February 2480:5 February 2438:30 January 2408:5 February 2356:Ethnologue 2326:Ethnologue 2306:30 January 1961:. London. 1745:cane toads 1663:cane toads 1571:vertebrate 1520:Calochilus 1495:Iron Range 1490:Indomalaya 1429:Yadhaykenu 1382:Kuuku Ya'u 1342:Cook Shire 1335:Cook Shire 1304:Cook Shire 1300:Kuuku Ya'u 1290:Pormpuraaw 1270:Yir Yiront 1256:New Mapoon 1226:Cook Shire 1178:New Mapoon 1166:Cook Shire 1008:New Mapoon 944:glaciation 933:New Guinea 830:wet season 826:dry season 822:catchments 452:dunefields 444:Palaeozoic 414:meandering 393:James Cook 390:Lieutenant 300:Aboriginal 180:eucalyptus 111:Queensland 91:15°S 143°E 4502:Murchison 4462:Kanmantoo 4332:Coral Sea 4292:Carnarvon 4163:York Cape 4146:Bolt Head 4098:13 June: 4094:Low Isles 4077:10 June: 3956:Long Isle 3950:Pier Head 3769:Red Point 3726:Cape Howe 3461:Gangaurru 3003:Brisbane. 2959:4 January 2927:4 January 2895:4 January 2813:CC-BY-4.0 2771:CC-BY-4.0 2729:CC-BY-4.0 2687:CC-BY-4.0 2585:CC-BY-4.0 2543:CC-BY-4.0 2501:CC-BY-4.0 2459:CC-BY-4.0 2424:"Luthigh" 2387:CC-BY-4.0 2225:258753397 2217:2582-9289 1977:cite book 1862:Footnotes 1816:spaceport 1778:Transport 1682:crocodile 1672:, Olive, 1659:marsupial 1544:estuaries 1431:peoples. 1421:Ankamuthi 1413:Kulkulgal 1349:Kowanyama 1294:Kowanyama 1118:Djagaraga 1068:Wik-Me'nh 837:Endeavour 786:Source: 480:laterised 419:and vast 383:Kowanyama 360:Coral Sea 302:man from 207:Cape York 184:savannahs 168:peninsula 125:Coral Sea 115:Australia 56:Peninsula 4567:Riverina 4512:Nandewar 4402:Gascoyne 4397:Furneaux 4061:9 June: 4035:8 June: 4019:6 June: 4013:5 June: 3987:4 June: 3976:3 June: 3965:2 June: 3954:1 June: 3948:31 May: 3937:28 May: 3926:27 May: 3920:26 May: 3914:25 May: 3907:23 May: 3896:21 May: 3885:19 May: 3881:Wide Bay 3874:18 May: 3853:17 May: 3847:16 May: 3830:16 May: 3819:15 May: 3813:13 May: 3807:12 May: 3791:11 May: 3720:Ram Head 3707:Victoria 3347:Archived 3316:Archived 3285:Archived 3237:Archived 3214:Archived 3186:Archived 3152:Archived 3090:Archived 3029:Archived 2979:Archived 2953:Archived 2921:Archived 2889:Archived 2881:ABC News 2816:licensed 2774:licensed 2732:licensed 2690:licensed 2660:Archived 2630:Archived 2588:licensed 2551:"Uradhi" 2546:licensed 2504:licensed 2462:licensed 2432:Archived 2390:licensed 2360:Archived 2330:Archived 2300:Archived 2272:Archived 2249:Archived 2167:Archived 2113:Archived 1912:Archived 1834:See also 1820:Wuthathi 1676:and the 1653:and the 1551:mangrove 1540:Rinyirru 1469:endemism 1454:eucalypt 1450:mangrove 1409:Kaurareg 1320:and the 1104:Wikalkan 1050:Over 30 1026:and the 996:Hopevale 980:Lakeland 976:Cooktown 925:Gondwana 870:Rivers. 868:Normanby 864:Rinyirru 811:Mitchell 781:(70.66) 731:(14.60) 726:(13.86) 721:(14.59) 488:orthents 448:Mesozoic 323:Somerset 291:Cardwell 252:Tour by 242:Cardwell 182:-wooded 107:Location 96:-15; 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