581:
entered into by
Australia and Papua New Guinea in February 1985. The Treaty defines sovereignty and maritime boundaries in the area between the two countries. It guides decision makers on protecting the way of life and livelihood of traditional inhabitants, on managing the protection of habitats, and on sharing the commercial and traditional fisheries resources. The Treaty established a Torres Strait Protected Zone within which both nations manage access to fisheries resources. Each country exercises sovereign jurisdiction for resources on either side of the agreed jurisdiction lines.
40:
930:, Samuel Sidney expressed it thus: "During our war with Spain we captured Manilla by storm, and in the archives of that city Mr. Alexander Dalrymple, the historiographer of the British Admiralty, discovered a copy of the letter to the King of Spain, which had been deposited there by Torres. Dalrymple, with that right feeling which should inspire all men of science, did justice to the discoverer by inscribing on the official maps issued from his department, against the intricate passage between Australia and New Guinea, 'Torres Straits.'" (
701:
531:
67:
181:
774:
2682:
2925:
2915:
527:, which joins to the Great Barrier Reef lagoon to the southeast. Strong tidal currents occur in the narrow channels between islands and reefs, and large submarine sand dunes migrate across the seafloor. Some 580 coral reefs, including the Warrior Reefs and Eastern Patch Reefs, cover a total area of 2,400 km (930 sq mi) in the region, and the area also has some of the most extensive seagrass beds in the world.
2692:
47:
730:
Entrance. The GNEC route runs North or South of Alert
Patches and East to under Twin Island then Northeast to Dalrymple Island (the end of Pilotage requirement) then on to Bramble Quay, Bligh Entrance and the open sea. This passage routes shipping to the Coral Sea, the Pacific Ocean and the outside of the Great Barrier Reef. Another channel (brown line on chart) runs down towards Cape York.
161:
634:. Lawrie developed strong relationships with the people of the Torres Strait from the 1950s to 1970s, and many approached her to record and write down their personal stories and family histories. This resulted in her conducting research into the cultural history of the Torres Strait and collecting transcripts, audio recordings, photographs, slides, works of art and
722:
by way of the Gannet or Varzin
Passages. The minimum depths for deep draught shipping in the Great Barrier Reef pilotage area are found here (10.3 m or 34 ft – Nov 2011). Shipping with a 12.2 m (40 ft) static draught or less are permitted to transit the area.
580:
There are several major policy and institutional frameworks in the Torres Strait region that support the sustainable use and management of marine resources while also protecting habitats, biodiversity and the traditional islander way of life. Most important of these is the Torres Strait Treaty,
729:
Great North East
Channel: East of Prince of Wales Channel at Wednesday Island the Route becomes The Great North East Channel (green line on chart). The Great North East Channel (GNEC) links the Prince of Wales Channel to the northernmost entrance to the Great Barrier Reef, 120 NM away at Bligh
483:"Zenadh Kes", to refer to the Torres Strait. The acronym "ZENADTH KES" was first derived from 'Zey' (south), 'Naygay' (north), 'Dagam' (place/side), 'Thawathaw' (coastline) and KES (passage/channel/waterway). However, this has become modified and it is now spelt Zenadh Kes.
351:
without conversely becoming aware of the strait now known as Torres Strait. No specific records exists of Torres sighting the coast of a major land mass to his south, and early
Spanish maps show the coast of New Guinea correctly but omit Australia.
1052:"Treaty between Australia and the Independent State of Papua New Guinea concerning sovereignty and maritime boundaries in the area between the two countries, including the area known as Torres Strait, and related matters, 18 December 1978"
363:, whilst translating some Spanish documents captured in the Philippines in 1762, had found Luís Vaz de Torres's testimony proving a passage south of New Guinea now known as Torres Strait. This discovery led Dalrymple to publish the
514:
in the west. Although it is an important international sea lane, it is very shallow (water depth of 7 to 15 m; 23 to 49 ft), and the maze of reefs and islands can make it hazardous to navigate. In the south the
621:
The people of the Torres Strait have a unique indigenous culture which has drawn the interest of a range of anthropological, historical, archaeological and folklorist researchers. This includes an expedition from
459:
industry from the 1860s until about 1970 when it collapsed in the face of competition from the plastics industry. Pearl-shelling was responsible for the arrival of experienced divers from many countries, notably
1296:
Harris, P. T.; Butler, A. J.; Coles, R. G. (2008). "Marine resources, biophysical processes, and environmental management of a tropical shelf seaway: Torres Strait, Australia–Introduction to the special issue".
673:. Kala Lagaw Ya is the traditional language owned by the Western and Central islands of the Torres Strait. The Kala Lagaw Ya language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the
478:
In the 1980s, Torres Strait Island people wanted to create a name for the islands which related to their culture. Initially the name "Magani Malu Kes" was suggested for the region, but later adopting the
367:
in 1770–1771, which aroused widespread interest in his claim of the existence of an unknown continent. It was
Dalrymple who named the strait after Torres. Dalrymple was bitterly disappointed that it was
733:
Inner Route
Pilotage Area: The Inner Route Pilotage Area runs from near Cape York to near Cairns. This channel, named the 'Inner Route' runs between the Australian mainland and the Great Barrier Reef
2639:
630:
in 1898, and the more contemporary regional work of
Australian anthropologist Jeremy Beckett. Accounts of local Indigenous narrative traditions can be found in the work of Nonie Sharp and
1411:
1368:
1477:
414:
and chose a route through Torres Strait. Remarkably, this would become the first time for a ship to be navigated through the Torres Strait from west to east. According to the
420:
of April 1823: "This essay of nautical skill was accomplished after the loss of four anchors and the rudder". It was also the first occasion a ship was navigated through the
277:
have a unique culture and long-standing history with the islands and nearby coastlines. Their maritime-based trade and interactions with the
Papuans to the north and the
681:, a Central Western island of the Torres Strait. The Mabuiag language region includes the island landscape of Mabuiag within the local government boundaries of the
2644:
787:
372:
and not he who was appointed commander of the expedition that eventually led in 1770 to the
British encounter and charting of the eastern coastline of Australia.
692:, the population of the islands was recorded as 4,514 on the Islands, but many more Torres Strait Islander people live outside of Torres Strait in Australia.
677:. Mabuiag is considered a dialect of Kala Lagaw Ya, one of the languages of the Torres Strait. Mabuiag (also written as Mabuyag) is a traditional language of
1332:
David, B.; McNiven, I.; Manas, L.; Manas, J.; Savage, S.; Crouch, J.; Neliman, G.; Brady, L. (2004). "Goba of Mua: archaeology working with oral tradition".
1565:
1380:
1197:
Harris, P. T. (1988). "Sediments, bedforms and bedload transport pathways on the continental shelf adjacent to Torres Strait, Australia—Papua New Guinea".
1104:
451:
arrived on Erub (Darnley Island) in 1871. Although some of the Torres Strait islands lie just off the coast of New Guinea, they were annexed in 1879 by
2732:
325:. He sailed along the south coast of New Guinea and discovered the strait that still bears his name. This discovery recorded in Spanish maps of the
2958:
554:
sedimentary deposits borne by the outflow of the local rivers into the sea. Many of the western islands are hilly and steep, formed mainly of
2978:
852:
1270:
Coles, R.G., McKenzie, L.J. and Campbell, S.J. (2003). "The seagrasses of eastern Australia" In: Green EP; Short FT; and Spalding MD. (eds)
931:
1171:
1485:
383:. From the top of a hill, he signalled down to the ship that he could see a navigable passage through the dangerous Strait. Later in
885:
The voyage of Torres: the discovery of the southern coastline of New Guinea and Torres Strait by Captain Luis Baez de Torres in 1606
391:, Cook re-wrote this signalling drill as a possession ceremony, saying he had claimed Australia's east coast for the British Crown.
1601:
1282:
Harris, P.T., 1995. "Muddy waters: the physical sedimentology of Torres Strait," in: Bellwood, O., Choat, H., Saxena, N. (Eds.),
752:
542:. There are at least 274 of these islands, of which 17 have present-day permanent settlements. These islands have a variety of
39:
273:
The islands of the Torres Strait have been inhabited by humans for at least 2,500 years and possibly much longer. The various
98:
2725:
718:
Prince of Wales Channel: Larger ships transiting Torres Strait enter the Prince of Wales Channel from the West just north of
494:
arrivals from across the Strait. A total of ten asylum seekers from Papua New Guinea were detected in each of 2012 and 2013.
433:
2983:
2973:
2820:
2669:
1752:
1747:
800:– Treaty between Australia and Papua New Guinea that set the maritime boundary between the two nations in the Torres Strait
1051:
2090:
1079:
1024:
520:
441:
249:
2323:
1528:
1517:
1506:
437:
1570:
1552:
1010:
986:
1144:
2718:
2492:
856:
2124:
1938:
2963:
2696:
2405:
1815:
961:
896:
380:
338:
1381:"Margaret Lawrie Collection of Torres Strait Islands 1964-1998: treasure collection of the John Oxley Library"
2968:
2701:
2339:
2167:
2157:
1566:
Margaret Lawrie Collection of Torres Strait Islands 1964-1998: treasure collection of the John Oxley Library
302:
655:
1119:
2487:
2482:
2418:
1987:
1927:
1914:
1594:
1574:
1431:
1388:
647:
384:
2196:
2052:
1970:
1892:
883:
719:
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peoples. Torres Strait Islanders are distinct from both the Papuans of adjoining New Guinea and from
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and formation history. Several of those closest to the New Guinea coastline are low-lying, formed by
448:
2528:
2521:
1919:
1802:
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2603:
2225:
2030:
2001:
607:
597:
274:
860:
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1830:
1587:
689:
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1620:
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792:
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169:
130:
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226:
1423:
8:
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939:
511:
396:
360:
337:. Torres and his crew are not known to have sighted the Australian mainland visited just
245:
165:
1310:
1249:
1210:
2810:
2654:
2613:
2583:
2563:
2395:
2162:
1349:
1234:"Sediment mobility due to currents and waves in the Torres Strait–Gulf of Papua region"
1003:
The Pearl-Shellers of Torres Strait: Resource Use, Development and Decline, 1860s–1960s
818:
603:
365:
Historical Collection of the Several Voyages and Discoveries in the South Pacific Ocean
282:
1452:
2608:
1548:
1353:
1218:
1006:
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957:
902:
892:
779:
472:
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1341:
1314:
1253:
1214:
757:
712:
700:
524:
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253:
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173:
152:
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in southern Papua New Guinea and the sustainable management of natural resources.
530:
2901:
2891:
2659:
2477:
2433:
2423:
2132:
682:
631:
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Environmental issues facing the region include the risk of mining waste from the
342:
244:. It is 150 km (93 mi) wide at its narrowest extent. To the south is
2866:
2856:
2763:
2428:
2308:
2146:
1790:
1718:
1659:
1579:
1058:
678:
635:
429:
416:
322:
298:
142:
1345:
1318:
1257:
1031:
935:
2942:
2929:
2825:
2758:
2588:
2448:
2413:
2387:
2288:
2233:
2110:
1768:
906:
662:
627:
491:
456:
425:
411:
388:
310:
248:, the northernmost extremity of the Australian mainland. To the north is the
180:
113:
100:
84:
66:
2896:
2881:
2753:
2303:
2293:
2273:
2253:
2248:
1681:
1418:
1375:
440:
and Port Lihou (originally named Port Yarborough, on the southern shore of
80:
2710:
2861:
2815:
2779:
2345:
2313:
2278:
1897:
1878:
747:
507:
1286:
James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Qld., pp. 149-160
2789:
2318:
2283:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2238:
1708:
666:
543:
538:
Several clusters of islands lie in the Strait, collectively called the
376:
369:
330:
241:
2924:
2794:
2784:
2664:
2640:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
2355:
2298:
1415:
1372:
585:
547:
503:
421:
334:
237:
233:
148:
1172:"Torres Strait looms as a new route for asylum seekers escaping PNG"
2377:
1410:
1367:
551:
490:
mainland, the northern Torres Strait islands experience occasional
403:
356:
1080:"Mapping the Torres Strait: from TI to Magani Malu and Zenadh Kes"
661:
Two indigenous languages are spoken on the Torres Strait Islands:
523:(Muralug) and the mainland. Shipping enters Torres Strait via the
2382:
574:
563:
555:
480:
346:
326:
285:
among the three societal groups, dating back thousands of years.
1424:"Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map"
618:
peoples of the nearby Australian mainland, but related to both.
562:. They became islands as sea levels rose at the end of the last
394:
In 1823 Captain John Lihou, Master of the 550-ton merchant ship
160:
2372:
651:
407:
318:
314:
229:
135:
1030:. Australian Government – Geoscience Australia. Archived from
432:) on 27 February and named the reef system after Vice-Admiral
387:, where he learnt that the French had preceded him across the
1625:
1232:
Hemer, M. A.; Harris, P. T.; Coleman, R.; Hunter, J. (2004).
567:
461:
204:
293:
The first recorded European navigation of the strait was by
306:
1629:
891:. St. Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Press.
570:
207:
1231:
979:
Lying for the Admiralty: Captain Cook's Endeavour Voyage
788:
Birds of Boigu, Saibai and Dauan Islands (Torres Strait)
638:. Collectively they formed the basis of the publication
424:
from Torres Strait, south-eastward to the southward of
1331:
16:
Navigable sea passage between Australia and New Guinea
1284:
Recent Advances in Marine Science and Technology '94.
558:, and are peaks of the northernmost extension of the
210:
853:"History of Torres Strait to 1879 – a regional view"
769:
201:
379:rounded Cape York, turned south-west and landed on
198:
1571:Brian Cassey Life in the Torres Strait photographs
1478:"2016 Census QuickStats: Torres Strait Island (R)"
1295:
1025:"Australia's Maritime Zones in the Torres Strait"
665:(also known by variant names and spellings), and
184:Detailed map of the Torres Strait and its islands
2940:
1609:
981:. Sydney: Rosenberg. pp. 180–189, 190–197.
956:. Cambridge: Hakluyt Society. pp. 387–388.
726:Channels to the East of Prince of Wales Channel
591:
455:, then a British colony. There was an important
91:
756:as a dangerous strait where the submarine, the
669:(Meriam), as well as Brokan , otherwise called
288:
2726:
1595:
938:briefly from 1762 to 1764 at the end of the
2740:
976:
844:
817:Lihou's ship is different from the 385-ton
715:(purple line on chart) – for small vessels.
704:Navigation Routes through the Torres Strait
610:, one of two ethnically distinct groups of
467:In 1978 an agreement between Australia and
428:. Lihou saw Sir James Saumarez' Shoal (now
297:, a pilot who was second-in-command on the
2733:
2719:
1602:
1588:
1518:AMSA-QCPP P12 & Planning chartlets P65
1169:
954:The Journals of Captain James Cook, Vol. I
951:
646:(1972). Her collection is now held by the
436:. On this same trip, Lihou discovered the
313:in 1605. After Queirós's ship returned to
256:. It is named after the Spanish navigator
260:, who sailed through the strait in 1606.
2645:Birds of Boigu, Saibai and Dauan Islands
699:
566:. The central islands are predominantly
529:
317:, Torres resumed the intended voyage to
179:
159:
850:
708:The two routes through the Strait are:
2941:
1545:My Island Home: A Torres Strait Memoir
1196:
881:
753:Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas
2714:
1583:
1178:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
281:communities have maintained a steady
46:
2979:Culture of the Torres Strait Islands
2691:
2670:Warul Kawa Indigenous Protected Area
1414:This Knowledge article incorporates
1371:This Knowledge article incorporates
875:
164:The Torres Strait seen from space –
1170:Wordsworth, Matt (13 August 2013).
268:
13:
1547:. University of Queensland Press.
695:
640:Myths and Legends of Torres Strait
275:Torres Strait Islander communities
14:
2995:
2959:Australia–Papua New Guinea border
1559:
168:is at the bottom; several of the
2923:
2913:
2690:
2681:
2680:
2493:Torres Strait Regional Authority
1529:AMSA-QCPP Planning Chartlets P31
1409:
1366:
857:Torres Strait Regional Authority
772:
741:
194:
65:
45:
38:
1522:
1511:
1500:
1482:Australian Bureau of Statistics
1470:
1445:
1403:
1360:
1325:
1289:
1276:
1264:
1225:
1190:
1163:
1137:
1097:
928:The Three Colonies of Australia
825:, built at King's Lynn in 1807.
573:, and those of the east are of
534:Torres Strait Islands air photo
172:can be seen strung out towards
1072:
1016:
1005:. Melbourne University Press.
995:
970:
945:
920:
811:
746:Torres Strait is mentioned in
626:led by the early ethnographer
1:
2702:List of Torres Strait Islands
2340:Indigenous music of Australia
1272:The World Atlas of Seagrasses
832:
592:People, culture and languages
1219:10.1016/0278-4343(88)90058-1
837:
804:
685:and Mabuiag Island Council.
656:Memory of the World Register
650:and in 2008 it was added to
497:
301:expedition led by navigator
289:Era of European colonisation
7:
2984:IMCRA meso-scale bioregions
2974:Straits of Papua New Guinea
2488:Torres Strait Island Region
2483:Torres Strait Islander Flag
1575:State Library of Queensland
1457:State Library of Queensland
1432:State Library of Queensland
1428:State Library of Queensland
1389:State Library of Queensland
1084:Queensland Historical Atlas
765:
648:State Library of Queensland
10:
3000:
2502:Legal cases and principles
1537:
1299:Continental Shelf Research
1238:Continental Shelf Research
1199:Continental Shelf Research
595:
329:would later make possible
303:Pedro Fernandes de Queirós
263:
2910:
2849:
2803:
2772:
2746:
2678:
2627:
2551:
2501:
2470:
2461:
2404:
2365:
2332:
2223:
2212:
1862:
1839:
1814:
1789:
1761:
1740:
1717:
1680:
1637:
1619:
1346:10.1017/S0003598X00093005
1319:10.1016/j.csr.2008.03.032
1258:10.1016/j.csr.2004.07.011
952:Beaglehole, J.C. (1955).
449:London Missionary Society
141:
129:
90:
76:
71:Torres Strait and Islands
64:
33:
28:
23:
2552:Buildings and structures
1112:Torres Strait Islands RC
1001:Ganter, Regina. (1994).
977:Cameron-Ash, M. (2018).
644:Tales from Torres Strait
486:Due to proximity to the
2741:List of Australian seas
2604:Warraber Island Airport
2226:Torres Strait Islanders
1385:John Oxley Library Blog
1022:for a detailed map see
762:, is briefly stranded.
608:Torres Strait Islanders
598:Torres Strait Islanders
2877:Great Australian Bight
2574:Darnley Island Airport
2569:Coconut Island Airport
1762:Adolphus Channel group
1049:for the agreement see
882:Hilder, Brett (1980).
705:
690:2016 Australian census
604:indigenous inhabitants
535:
521:Prince of Wales Island
475:in the Torres Strait.
442:Prince of Wales Island
406:, was on passage from
185:
177:
2964:International straits
2887:Joseph Bonaparte Gulf
2599:Saibai Island Airport
2594:Murray Island Airport
2444:Torres Strait English
1621:Torres Strait Islands
1543:Singe, John. (2003).
1116:Queensland Government
936:Manila#Spanish period
793:Torres Strait Islands
703:
616:Aboriginal Australian
612:Indigenous Australian
596:Further information:
540:Torres Strait Islands
533:
506:to the east with the
502:The strait links the
279:Australian Aboriginal
183:
170:Torres Strait Islands
163:
2969:Straits of Australia
2920:Australia portal
2619:Yorke Island Airport
2559:Boigu Island Airport
2510:Akiba v Commonwealth
2439:Torres Strait Creole
798:Torres Strait Treaty
683:Torres Shire Council
675:Torres Shire Council
671:Torres Strait Creole
624:Cambridge University
560:Great Dividing Range
453:colony of Queensland
2872:Gulf of Carpentaria
2836:Investigator Strait
2579:Eborac Island Light
1311:2008CSR....28.2113H
1250:2004CSR....24.2297H
1211:1988CSR.....8..979H
519:is located between
512:Gulf of Carpentaria
438:Lihou Reef and Cays
375:In 1770 Lieutenant
361:Alexander Dalrymple
339:four months earlier
246:Cape York Peninsula
166:Cape York Peninsula
110: /
2811:Backstairs Passage
2655:Alfred Cort Haddon
2614:Yam Island Airport
2584:Goods Island Light
2564:Booby Island Light
1488:on 6 December 2021
1037:on 22 October 2014
926:In his 1853 book,
706:
536:
295:Luís Vaz de Torres
283:cultural diffusion
258:Luís Vaz de Torres
186:
178:
2936:
2935:
2930:Oceans portal
2708:
2707:
2609:Wyborn Reef Light
2547:
2546:
2516:Mabo v Queensland
2457:
2456:
2419:Eastern Trans-Fly
2208:
2207:
1816:The Three Sisters
1305:(16): 2113–2116.
1244:(19): 2297–2316.
780:Queensland portal
381:Possession Island
333:'s expedition to
218:), also known as
158:
157:
114:9.833°S 142.500°E
2991:
2928:
2927:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2831:Endeavour Strait
2735:
2728:
2721:
2712:
2711:
2694:
2693:
2684:
2683:
2650:Endeavour Strait
2635:Adolphus Channel
2468:
2467:
2392:
2351:
2221:
2220:
2213:People, culture,
2066:North Possession
1670:Warakuikul Talab
1635:
1634:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1581:
1580:
1531:
1526:
1520:
1515:
1509:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1484:. Archived from
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1340:(299): 158–172.
1329:
1323:
1322:
1293:
1287:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1151:. 12 August 2020
1145:"Zenadh Kes Mai"
1141:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1125:on 10 March 2023
1124:
1118:. Archived from
1109:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1036:
1029:
1020:
1014:
999:
993:
992:
974:
968:
967:
949:
943:
940:Seven Years' War
934:). Britain held
924:
918:
917:
915:
913:
890:
879:
873:
872:
870:
868:
859:. Archived from
848:
826:
815:
782:
777:
776:
775:
713:Endeavour Strait
525:Adolphus Channel
517:Endeavour Strait
488:Papua New Guinea
469:Papua New Guinea
305:who sailed from
269:Pre-colonisation
254:Papua New Guinea
250:Western Province
225:
217:
216:
213:
212:
209:
206:
203:
200:
174:Papua New Guinea
153:Papua New Guinea
125:
124:
122:
121:
120:
115:
111:
108:
107:
106:
103:
93:
69:
49:
48:
42:
21:
20:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2922:
2914:
2912:
2906:
2902:Van Diemen Gulf
2892:Gulf St Vincent
2845:
2821:Clarence Strait
2799:
2768:
2742:
2739:
2709:
2704:
2674:
2660:Margaret Lawrie
2623:
2543:
2497:
2478:Shire of Torres
2463:
2453:
2400:
2390:
2361:
2349:
2328:
2216:
2215:communities and
2214:
2204:
2091:Prince of Wales
2015:Little Adolphus
1858:
1835:
1810:
1785:
1757:
1736:
1713:
1676:
1624:
1615:
1608:
1562:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1527:
1523:
1516:
1512:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1489:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1459:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1436:
1434:
1422:
1408:
1404:
1394:
1392:
1379:
1365:
1361:
1330:
1326:
1294:
1290:
1281:
1277:
1269:
1265:
1230:
1226:
1205:(8): 979–1003.
1195:
1191:
1181:
1179:
1168:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1088:
1086:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1063:
1061:
1054:
1050:
1048:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1000:
996:
989:
975:
971:
964:
950:
946:
925:
921:
911:
909:
899:
888:
880:
876:
866:
864:
849:
845:
840:
835:
830:
829:
816:
812:
807:
778:
773:
771:
768:
744:
698:
696:Shipping routes
632:Margaret Lawrie
600:
594:
500:
473:maritime border
471:determined the
343:Willem Janszoon
291:
271:
266:
223:
197:
193:
151:
145: countries
119:-9.833; 142.500
118:
116:
112:
109:
104:
101:
99:
97:
96:
83:
72:
60:
59:
58:
57:
56:
55:
54:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2997:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2934:
2933:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2867:Cambridge Gulf
2864:
2859:
2857:Admiralty Gulf
2853:
2851:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2764:Southern Ocean
2761:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2715:
2706:
2705:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2525:
2513:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2474:
2472:
2465:
2462:Governance and
2459:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2429:Kalaw Lagaw Ya
2426:
2421:
2416:
2410:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2352:
2342:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2324:Jesse Williams
2321:
2316:
2311:
2309:Wendell Sailor
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2230:
2228:
2218:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2130:
2127:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2042:Mount Adolphus
2039:
2036:
2033:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1925:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1819:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1782:Middle Brother
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1722:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1685:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1642:
1632:
1617:
1616:
1607:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1568:
1561:
1560:External links
1558:
1557:
1556:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1521:
1510:
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1444:
1402:
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1324:
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1224:
1189:
1162:
1136:
1096:
1071:
1059:United Nations
1015:
994:
987:
969:
962:
944:
919:
897:
874:
863:on 15 May 2009
842:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
828:
827:
809:
808:
806:
803:
802:
801:
795:
790:
784:
783:
767:
764:
750:'s 1870 novel
743:
740:
739:
738:
737:
736:
735:
734:
731:
716:
697:
694:
654:'s Australian
593:
590:
499:
496:
434:James Saumarez
430:Saumarez Reefs
417:Sydney Gazette
323:Maluku Islands
290:
287:
270:
267:
265:
262:
156:
155:
146:
139:
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30:
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25:
15:
9:
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4:
3:
2:
2996:
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2975:
2972:
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2962:
2960:
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2955:
2952:
2950:
2949:Torres Strait
2947:
2946:
2944:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2909:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
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2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2841:Torres Strait
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2826:Dundas Strait
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2759:Pacific Ocean
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2736:
2731:
2729:
2724:
2722:
2717:
2716:
2713:
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2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2589:Kubin Airport
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2540:
2539:
2538:Terra nullius
2535:
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2517:
2514:
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2511:
2507:
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2500:
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2491:
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2486:
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2481:
2479:
2476:
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2473:
2469:
2466:
2464:legal matters
2460:
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2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
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2427:
2425:
2422:
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2407:
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2312:
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2300:
2297:
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2289:Mills Sisters
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2244:Aaron Fa'aoso
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2234:Christine Anu
2232:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2222:
2219:
2211:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
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2177:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
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2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2086:
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2054:
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2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1923:
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1918:
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1646:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1612:Torres Strait
1605:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1554:
1553:0-7022-3305-6
1550:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1530:
1525:
1519:
1514:
1508:
1507:AMSA-QCPP P12
1503:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1391:. 21 May 2021
1390:
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1193:
1177:
1173:
1166:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1106:
1105:"Zenadth Kes"
1100:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1060:
1053:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1011:0-522-84547-9
1008:
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990:
988:9780648043966
984:
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973:
965:
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933:
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851:John Burton.
847:
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749:
742:In literature
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711:
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693:
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686:
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664:
663:Kala Lagaw Ya
659:
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649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
628:Alfred Haddon
625:
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
602:The islands'
599:
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587:
582:
578:
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569:
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553:
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541:
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492:asylum seeker
489:
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476:
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458:
454:
450:
445:
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435:
431:
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426:New Caledonia
423:
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412:South America
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311:South Pacific
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261:
259:
255:
251:
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215:
191:
190:Torres Strait
182:
176:to the north.
175:
171:
167:
162:
154:
150:
147:
144:
140:
137:
134:
132:
128:
123:
95:
89:
86:
85:Pacific Ocean
82:
79:
75:
68:
63:
53:Torres Strait
41:
32:
27:
24:Torres Strait
22:
19:
2897:Spencer Gulf
2882:Exmouth Gulf
2840:
2754:Indian Ocean
2695:
2685:
2536:
2527:
2520:
2515:
2508:
2354:
2344:
2304:Albert Proud
2294:Danny Morseu
2274:Rachael Maza
2254:Nathan Jawai
2249:Josh Hoffman
2190:Woody Wallis
2046:Mount Ernest
2018:Little Woody
1611:
1544:
1524:
1513:
1502:
1490:. Retrieved
1486:the original
1481:
1472:
1460:. Retrieved
1456:
1447:
1435:. Retrieved
1427:
1405:
1393:. Retrieved
1384:
1362:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1283:
1278:
1271:
1266:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1180:. Retrieved
1175:
1165:
1153:. Retrieved
1148:
1139:
1127:. Retrieved
1120:the original
1111:
1099:
1087:. Retrieved
1083:
1074:
1062:. Retrieved
1039:. Retrieved
1032:the original
1018:
1002:
997:
978:
972:
953:
947:
927:
922:
910:. Retrieved
884:
877:
865:. Retrieved
861:the original
846:
823: (1807)
820:
813:
758:
751:
745:
720:Booby Island
707:
687:
660:
643:
639:
636:oral stories
620:
601:
583:
579:
544:topographies
537:
501:
485:
477:
466:
446:
415:
397:
395:
393:
374:
364:
355:In 1769 the
354:
347:
292:
272:
219:
189:
187:
81:Indian Ocean
18:
2954:Arafura Sea
2862:Beagle Gulf
2816:Bass Strait
2780:Arafura Sea
2366:Communities
2314:Sam Thaiday
2279:Patty Mills
2163:Turtle Head
1981:Great Woody
1955:East Strait
1939:Deliverance
1840:Yorke group
1741:Inner group
1421:text from:
1395:24 February
1378:text from:
748:Jules Verne
642:(1970) and
508:Arafura Sea
359:geographer
117: /
92:Coordinates
2943:Categories
2790:Tasman Sea
2700:See also:
2471:Governance
2319:Brent Webb
2284:Rita Mills
2269:Eddie Mabo
2264:Robert Lui
2259:Ellen Jose
2239:Seaman Dan
2101:Red Wallis
2069:North West
1995:Hawkesbury
1748:Port Lihou
1492:6 December
1462:30 January
1437:30 January
1155:6 December
1129:6 December
1089:6 December
963:0851157440
912:31 January
898:070221275X
833:References
667:Meriam Mir
548:ecosystems
377:James Cook
370:James Cook
331:James Cook
242:New Guinea
240:island of
238:Melanesian
224:pronounced
220:Zenadh Kes
29:Zenadh Kes
2795:Timor Sea
2785:Coral Sea
2665:Sea Swift
2406:Languages
2356:Taba Naba
2299:Tanu Nona
2217:languages
2181:Wednesday
2178:Underdown
2158:Turnagain
1949:Dumaralug
1924:Dalrymple
1863:Ungrouped
1696:Kabbikane
1453:"Mabuiag"
1416:CC-BY-4.0
1373:CC-BY-4.0
1354:162548326
1334:Antiquity
907:911315041
838:Citations
819:HMS
805:Footnotes
586:Fly River
577:origins.
504:Coral Sea
498:Geography
422:Coral Sea
335:Australia
234:Australia
149:Australia
2687:Category
2391:(people)
2378:Kaurareg
2224:Notable
2133:Thursday
2125:Stephens
2087:Portlock
2038:Mouinndo
1975:Getullai
1961:Farewell
1958:Entrance
1905:Campbell
1656:Keatinge
1653:Kamutnab
1639:Bellevue
1610:List of
1419:licensed
1376:licensed
1176:ABC News
1064:13 April
1041:13 April
867:13 April
766:See also
759:Nautilus
606:are the
575:volcanic
552:alluvial
457:pearling
404:Calcutta
357:Scottish
345:sailing
321:via the
236:and the
232:between
228:), is a
105:142°30′E
77:Location
2697:Commons
2383:Mabuiag
2333:Culture
2154:Tukupai
2147:Trochus
2140:Travers
2121:Spencer
2078:Passage
2072:Obelisk
2060:Nicklin
2049:Murangi
2035:Morilug
2027:Meddler
1992:Hammond
1988:Halfway
1928:Darnley
1915:Coconut
1898:Bramble
1869:Allison
1849:Marsden
1799:Aubussi
1705:Roberts
1660:Mabuiag
1538:Sources
1307:Bibcode
1246:Bibcode
1207:Bibcode
932:page 14
821:Zenobia
688:In the
679:Mabuiag
564:ice age
556:granite
481:acronym
398:Zenobia
389:Pacific
385:Batavia
348:Duyfken
327:Pacific
309:to the
299:Spanish
264:History
2804:Strait
2434:Meriam
2424:Gizrra
2396:Seisia
2388:Meriam
2373:Bamaga
2350:(film)
2168:Turtle
2129:Suarji
2118:Sassie
2115:Salter
2111:Saibai
2107:Saddle
2084:Phipps
2081:Pearce
2057:Nepean
2053:Murray
2006:Kaumag
1967:Friday
1946:Dugong
1935:Dayman
1911:Castle
1902:Browne
1886:Barney
1872:Anchor
1852:Rennel
1791:Talbot
1776:Eborac
1769:Albany
1730:Maitak
1719:Duncan
1699:Layoak
1693:Aureed
1690:Aukane
1682:Bourke
1628:, and
1626:islets
1614:topics
1551:
1352:
1149:Canopy
1009:
985:
960:
905:
895:
652:UNESCO
408:Manila
319:Manila
315:Mexico
230:strait
136:Strait
102:9°50′S
2747:Ocean
2628:Other
2201:Zagai
2197:Yorke
2187:Whale
2137:Tobin
2095:Quoin
2075:Packe
2063:North
2021:Lowry
2012:Lacey
1984:Green
1978:Goods
1971:Gabba
1932:Dauan
1908:Canoe
1893:Booby
1875:Arden
1855:Smith
1846:Keats
1818:group
1807:Moimi
1803:Boigu
1793:group
1727:Kanig
1721:group
1684:group
1673:Widul
1667:Subur
1647:Aipus
1641:group
1350:S2CID
1182:9 May
1123:(PDF)
1108:(PDF)
1055:(PDF)
1035:(PDF)
1028:(PDF)
889:(PDF)
568:coral
462:Japan
143:Basin
2850:Gulf
2529:No 2
2522:No 1
2449:Wipi
2414:Bine
2346:Mabo
2193:York
2184:West
2175:Twin
2172:Turu
2151:Tudu
2143:Tree
2104:Roko
2009:Kerr
2002:Horn
1998:High
1964:Flat
1952:East
1943:Dove
1920:Crab
1889:Bond
1883:Barn
1879:Badu
1827:Poll
1773:Bush
1753:Yeta
1733:Meth
1702:Mimi
1664:Pulu
1630:cays
1549:ISBN
1494:2021
1464:2020
1439:2020
1397:2021
1184:2015
1157:2021
1131:2021
1091:2021
1066:2008
1043:2008
1007:ISBN
983:ISBN
958:ISBN
914:2021
903:OCLC
893:ISBN
869:2008
571:cays
510:and
447:The
307:Peru
188:The
131:Type
2773:Sea
2098:Red
2031:Moa
2024:Mai
1831:Sue
1824:Bet
1779:Ida
1709:Yam
1650:Cap
1342:doi
1315:doi
1254:doi
1215:doi
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410:to
402:of
341:by
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