African wild dog - Knowledge

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African wild dogs can recognise each other at distances of 50–100 m (160–330 ft). Some geographic variation is seen in coat colour, with northeastern African specimens tending to be predominantly black with small white and yellow patches, while southern African ones are more brightly coloured, sporting a mix of brown, black and white coats. Much of the species' coat patterning occurs on the trunk and legs. Little variation in facial markings occurs, with the muzzle being black, gradually shading into brown on the cheeks and forehead. A black line extends up the forehead, turning blackish-brown on the back of the ears. A few specimens sport a brown teardrop-shaped mark below the eyes. The back of the head and neck are either brown or yellow. A white patch occasionally occurs behind the fore legs, with some specimens having completely white fore legs, chests and throats. The tail is usually white at the tip, black in the middle and brown at the base. Some specimens lack the white tip entirely, or may have black fur below the white tip. These coat patterns can be asymmetrical, with the left side of the body often having different markings from the right.

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new pack every year. Because the amount of food necessary to feed more than two litters would be impossible to acquire by the average pack, breeding is strictly limited to the dominant female, which may kill the pups of subordinates. After giving birth, the mother stays close to the pups in the den, while the rest of the pack hunts. She typically drives away pack members approaching the pups until the latter are old enough to eat solid food at three to four weeks of age. The pups leave the den around the age of three weeks and are suckled outside. The pups are weaned at the age of five weeks, when they are fed regurgitated meat by the other pack members. By seven weeks, the pups begin to take on an adult appearance, with noticeable lengthening in the legs, muzzle, and ears. Once the pups reach the age of eight to 10 weeks, the pack abandons the den and the young follow the adults during hunts. The youngest pack members are permitted to eat first on kills, a privilege which ends once they become yearlings. African wild dogs have an average lifespan of about 10 to 11 years in the wild.

1807:). Furthermore, males in any given pack tend to outnumber females 3:1. Dispersing females join other packs and evict some of the resident females related to the other pack members, thus preventing inbreeding and allowing the evicted individuals to find new packs of their own and breed. Males rarely disperse, and when they do, they are invariably rejected by other packs already containing males. Although arguably the most social canid, the species lacks the elaborate facial expressions and body language found in the gray wolf, likely because of the African wild dog's less hierarchical social structure. Furthermore, while elaborate facial expressions are important for wolves in re-establishing bonds after long periods of separation from their family groups, they are not as necessary to African wild dogs, which remain together for much longer periods. The species does have an extensive vocal repertoire consisting of twittering, whining, yelping, squealing, whispering, 936: 1899: 1406: 2068: 1766: 2102:

may be mobbed in the attempt. When operating in groups, spotted hyenas are more successful in pirating African wild dog kills, though the latter's greater tendency to assist each other puts them at an advantage against spotted hyenas, which rarely work cooperatively. Cases of African wild dogs scavenging from spotted hyenas are rare. Although African wild dog packs can easily repel solitary hyenas, on the whole, the relationship between the two species is a one-sided benefit for the hyenas, with African wild dog densities being negatively correlated with high hyena populations. Beyond piracy, cases of interspecific killing of African wild dogs by spotted hyenas are documented. African wild dogs are

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of the lions' dominance. However, a few cases have been reported of old and wounded lions falling prey to African wild dogs. On occasion, packs of wild dogs have been observed defending pack members attacked by single lions, sometimes successfully. One pack in the Okavango in March 2016 was photographed by safari guides waging "an incredible fight" against a lioness that attacked a subadult dog at an impala kill, which forced the lioness to retreat, although the subadult dog died. A pack of four wild dogs was observed furiously defending an old adult male dog from a male lion that attacked it at a kill; the dog survived and rejoined the pack.

653: 595: 566: 624: 528: 1324: 1591: 2169:. This area largely consists of community lands inhabited by pastoralists. With the help of local people, a pilot study was launched confirming the presence of a population of wild dogs largely unknown to conservationists. Over the next 16 years, local ecological knowledge revealed this area to be a significant refuge for African wild dogs and an important wildlife corridor connecting Kenya's Tsavo National Parks with the Horn of Africa in an increasingly human-dominated landscape. This project has been identified as a wild dog conservation priority by the IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group. 1865: 54: 1602: 1150: 1241: 248: 2360:. Her pack is driven out of their territory by Tait's daughter, Blacktip, the matriarch of a rival pack in need of more space for their large family of 32. Their combined territory also shrunk over Tait's lifetime due to the expansion of human, hyena and lion territories. Tait leads her family into the territory of a lion pride in the midst of a drought, with Blacktip's pack in an eight month long pursuit. When Tait died, the pack was observed performing a rare "singing", the purpose of which is unclear. 106: 2387: 1491: 81: 1914:. It and the cheetah are the only primarily diurnal African large predators. The African wild dog hunts by approaching prey silently, then chasing it in a pursuit clocking at up to 66 km/h (41 mph) for 10–60 minutes. The average chase covers some 2 km (1.2 mi), during which the prey animal, if large, is repeatedly bitten on the legs, belly, and rump until it stops running, while smaller prey is simply pulled down and torn apart. 1890:

may have been selected against evolutionarily because it leads to the expression of recessive deleterious alleles. Computer simulations indicate that all populations continuing to avoid incestuous mating will become extinct within 100 years due to the unavailability of unrelated mates. Thus, the impact of reduced numbers of suitable unrelated mates will likely have a severe demographic impact on the future viability of small wild dog populations.

1918: 507: 2320:, thus breaking the gourd. A moment later a terrible howling was heard: Wild Dog's wife had died. Wild Dog went outside and saw Zebra standing over the broken gourd of medicine, so Wild Dog and his family chased Zebra and tore him to shreds. To this day, African wild dogs hunt zebras and impalas as revenge for their failure to deliver the medicine that could have saved Wild Dog's wife. 2373: 1994:, insects and cane rats. Staple prey sizes are usually between 15 and 200 kg (33 and 441 lb), though some local studies put upper prey sizes as variously 90 to 135 kg (198 to 298 lb). In the case of larger species such as kudu and wildebeest, calves are largely but not exclusively targeted. However, certain packs in the 1855:

Packs of African wild dogs have a high ratio of males to females. This is a consequence of the males mostly staying with the pack whilst female offspring disperse and is supported by a changing sex-ratio in consecutive litters. Those born to maiden females contain a higher proportion of males, second

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Although the species is genetically diverse, these subspecific designations are not universally accepted. East African and Southern African wild dog populations were once thought to be genetically distinct, based on a small number of samples. More recent studies with a larger number of samples showed

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and follow packs of African wild dogs to appropriate their kills. They typically inspect areas where wild dogs have rested and eat any food remains they find. When approaching wild dogs at a kill, solitary hyenas approach cautiously and attempt to take off with a piece of meat unnoticed, though they

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The fur of the African wild dog differs significantly from that of other canids, consisting entirely of stiff bristle-hairs with no underfur. Adults gradually lose their fur as it ages, with older individuals being almost naked. Colour variation is extreme, and may serve in visual identification, as

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during the 1960s resulted in an increase in African wild dog sightings, only for their numbers to decline once the lions recovered. As with other large predators killed by lion prides, the dogs are usually killed and left uneaten by the lions, indicating the competitive rather than predatory nature

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Because the African wild dog largely exists in fragmented, small populations, its existence is endangered. Inbreeding avoidance by mate selection is a characteristic of the species and has important potential consequences for population persistence. Inbreeding is rare within natal packs. Inbreeding

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period lasts 69–73 days, with the interval between each pregnancy being 12–14 months typically. The African wild dog produces more pups than any other canid, with litters containing around six to 16 pups, with an average of 10, thus indicating that a single female can produce enough young to form a

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herds in Southern Africa. Males and females have separate dominance hierarchies, with the latter usually being led by the oldest female. Males may be led by the oldest male, but these can be supplanted by younger specimens; thus, some packs may contain elderly male former pack leaders. The dominant

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Gopalakrishnan, Shyam; Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.; Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmín; Niemann, Jonas; Samaniego Castruita, Jose A.; Vieira, Filipe G.; Carøe, Christian; Montero, Marc de Manuel; Kuderna, Lukas; Serres, Aitor; González-Basallote, Víctor Manuel; Liu, Yan-Hu; Wang, Guo-Dong; Marques-Bonet, Tomas;

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The African wild dog have strong social bonds, stronger than those of sympatric lions and spotted hyenas; thus, solitary living and hunting are extremely rare in the species. It lives in permanent packs consisting of two to 27 adults and yearling pups. The typical pack size in the Kruger National

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The African wild dog is the bulkiest and most solidly built of African canids. The species stands 60 to 75 cm (24 to 30 in) at the shoulders, measures 71 to 112 cm (28 to 44 in) in head-and-body length and has a tail length of 29 to 41 cm (11 to 16 in). Adults have a

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African wild dogs adjust their hunting strategy to the particular prey species. They will rush at wildebeest to panic the herd and isolate a vulnerable individual, but pursue territorial antelope species (which defend themselves by running in wide circles) by cutting across the arc to foil their

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are characterized by a short, sharp exhale through the nostrils. When members of dominant mating pairs sneeze first, the group is much more likely to depart. If a dominant dog initiates, around three sneezes guarantee departure. When less dominant dogs sneeze first, if enough others also sneeze

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Hunting success varies with prey type, vegetation cover and pack size, but African wild dogs tend to be very successful: often more than 60% of their chases end in a kill, sometimes up to 90%. An analysis of 1,119 chases by a pack of six Okavango wild dogs showed that most were short distance

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The English language has several names for the African wild dog, including African hunting dog, Cape hunting dog, painted hunting dog, painted dog, painted wolf, and painted lycaon. Though the name African wild dog is widely used, 'wild dog' is thought by conservation groups to have negative

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Unlike most social predators, African wild dogs will regurgitate food for other adults as well as young family members. Pups old enough to eat solid food are given first priority at kills, eating even before the dominant pair; subordinate adult dogs help feed and protect the pups.

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believed that injuring a wild dog with a spear would result in the animal dipping its tail in its wounds and flicking the blood at its assailant, causing instant death. For this reason, Tigrean shepherds used to repel wild dog attacks with pebbles rather than with edged weapons.

1736:. In Zimbabwe, it has been recorded at the elevation of 1,800 m (5,900 ft). In Ethiopia, several packs were sighted at elevations of 1,900 to 2,800 m (6,200 to 9,200 ft), and a dead individual was found in June 1995 at 4,050 m (13,290 ft) on the 2049:

being killed with a quick and well-placed bite to avoid injury. Small prey is eaten entirely, while large animals are stripped of their meat and organs, leaving the skin, head, and skeleton intact. The African wild dog is a fast eater, with a pack being able to consume a

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litters are half and half and subsequent litters biased towards females with this trend increasing as females get older. As a result, the earlier litters provide stable hunters whilst the higher ratio of dispersals amongst the females stops a pack from getting too big.

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Mirarab, Siavash; Fernandes, Carlos; Gaubert, Philippe; Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Budd, Jane; Rueness, Eli Knispel; Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter; Petersen, Bent; Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas; Bachmann, Lutz; Wiig, Øystein; Hansen, Anders J.; Gilbert, M. Thomas P. (2018).

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can transform themselves into wild dogs. Some San hunters will smear African wild dog bodily fluids on their feet before a hunt, believing that doing so will give them the animal's boldness and agility. Nevertheless, the species does not figure prominently in

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taking revenge on the other gods by sending a group of men transformed into African wild dogs to attack them, though who won the battle is never revealed. The San of Botswana see the African wild dog as the ultimate hunter and traditionally believe that

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is also the largest, weighing 20–25 kg (44–55 lb). It is much more colourful than the East African wild dog, although even within this single subspecies there are geographic variations in coat colour: specimens inhabiting the

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in 15 minutes. In the wild, the species' consumption is 1.2–5.9 kg (2.6–13.0 lb) per African wild dog a day, with one pack of 17–43 individuals in East Africa having been recorded to kill three animals per day on average.

957:(running) ability. It has a graceful skeleton, and the loss of the first digit on its forefeet increases its stride and speed. This adaptation allows it to pursue prey across open terrain for long distances. The teeth are generally 1659:

M1 is crested with a single, blade-like cusp, which enhances the shearing capacity of the teeth, thus the speed at which prey can be consumed. This feature, termed "trenchant heel", is shared with two other canids: the Asian

365:. Like other canids, the African wild dog regurgitates food for its young but also extends this action to adults as a central part of the pack's social unit. The young have the privilege of feeding first on carcasses. 1881:(about 10), then the group will go hunting. Researchers assert that wild dogs in Botswana "use a specific vocalization (the sneeze) along with a variable quorum response mechanism in the decision-making process ". 1834:

characteristic of mating in most canids has been reported to be absent or very brief (less than one minute) in African wild dog, possibly an adaptation to the prevalence of larger predators in its environment. The

2014:, rolling on the carcasses before eating them. African wild dogs rarely scavenge, but have on occasion been observed to appropriate carcasses from spotted hyenas, leopards, cheetahs, lions, and animals caught in 1255:

are characterised by the large amount of orange-yellow fur overlapping the black, the partially yellow backs of the ears, the mostly yellow underparts and a number of whitish hairs on the throat mane. Those in

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escape. Medium-sized prey is often killed in 2–5 minutes, whereas larger prey such as wildebeest may take half an hour to pull down. Male wild dogs usually perform the task of grabbing dangerous prey, such as

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connotations that could be detrimental to its image; one organisation promotes the name 'painted wolf', whilst the name 'painted dog' has been found to be the most likely to counteract negative perceptions.

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This subspecies is smaller than the East African wild dog, has shorter and coarser fur and has a weaker dentition. Its colour closely approaches that of the Cape wild dog, with the yellow parts being buff.

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Zoology in Early Modern Culture: Intersections of Science, Theology, Philology, and Political and Religious Education: Intersections of Science, Theology, Philology, and Political and Religious Education

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weight range of 18 to 36 kg (40 to 79 lb). On average, dogs from East Africa weigh around 20–25 kg (44–55 lb). By body mass, they are only outsized amongst other extant canids by the

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The African wild dog occurs foremost in Southern and East Africa. It is rare in North Africa and mostly absent in West Africa, with the only potentially viable population occurring in Senegal's

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dominate African wild dogs and are a major source of mortality for both adults and pups. Population densities are usually low in areas where lions are more abundant. One pack reintroduced into

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zones, generally avoiding forested areas. This preference is likely linked to its hunting habits, which require open areas that do not obstruct vision or impede pursuit. It travels through

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has evolved to become a cutting blade for flesh-slicing, with a reduction or loss of the post-carnassial molars. This adaptation also occurs in the two other hypercarnivorous canids – the

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is cursed by the moon to be for ever hunted by African wild dogs after the hare rebuffs the moon's promise to allow all living things to be reborn after death. Another story has the god

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contain eight or nine. However, larger packs have been observed and temporary aggregations of hundreds of individuals may have gathered in response to the seasonal migration of vast

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pair typically monopolises breeding. The species differs from most other social carnivorans in that males remain in the natal pack, while females disperse (a pattern also found in

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Roskov Y.; Abucay L.; Orrell T.; Nicolson D.; Bailly N.; Kirk P.M.; Bourgoin T.; DeWalt R.E.; Decock W.; De Wever A.; Nieukerken E. van; Zarucchi J.; Penev, L., eds. (2018).

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weighing up to 240 kg (530 lb) quite frequently. Another study claimed that some prey taken by wild dogs could weigh up to 289 kg (637 lb). This includes

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have been observed ‘rallying’ before setting out to hunt. Not every rally results in a departure, but departure becomes more likely when more individual dogs ‘sneeze’. These

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taken in 2021 showed a large pack of wild dogs hunting an adult, healthy buffalo, though this is apparently extremely rare. One pack was recorded to occasionally prey on

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are distinguished by the almost equal development of yellow and black on both the upper and underparts of the body, as well as having less white fur than the Cape form.

989:. The African wild dog exhibits one of the most varied coat colours among mammals. Individuals differ in patterns and colours, indicating a diversity of the underlying 4678: 2343:, Savage Kingdom, Season 1 (2016), was the story of Botswana African wild dog pack leaders Teemana and Molao written and directed by Brad Bestelink, and narrated by 935: 2308:, who was a medicine man. Hare gave Impala a calabash of medicine, warning him not to turn back on the way to Wild Dog's den. Impala was startled by the scent of a 334:, human persecution and outbreaks of disease. As the largest subpopulation probably consists of fewer than 250 individuals, the African wild dog has been listed as 4913:

Woodroffe, R. & Ginsberg, J. R. (1997). "Past and Future Causes of Wild Dogs' Population Decline". In Woodroffe, R.; Ginsberg, J. & MacDonald, D. (eds.).

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have a story explaining why the African wild dog hunts in packs: in the beginning, when the first wild dog's wife was sick, the other animals were concerned. An

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s lack of the first metacarpal is a poor indication of phylogenetic closeness to the African wild dog, and the dentition was too different to imply ancestry.

3167:(Canidae, Mammalia): A New Look into the Evolutionary History of Early Pleistocene Dogs Resulting from the Outstanding Fossil Record from Pantalla (Italy)". 11719: 1830:, the female is closely accompanied by a single male, which keeps other members of the same sex at bay. The estrus period can last as long as 20 days. The 2337:(2013), a single painted dog (named Solo by researchers) befriends hyenas and jackals in Okavango, hunting together. Solo feeds and cares for jackal pups. 2760: 993:. The purpose of these coat patterns may be an adaptation for communication, concealment or temperature regulation. In 2019 a study indicated that the 2134:

and high mortality rates; it has been exterminated in large parts of North and West Africa, and its population has greatly reduced in Central Africa,

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African Wild Dog Conservancy began working in 2003 to conserve the African wild dog in northeastern and coastal Kenya, a convergence zone of two

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The African wild dog possesses the most specialized adaptations among the canids for coat colour and diet and for pursuing its prey through its

10643: 1938:, by the nose. A species-wide study showed that by preference, where available, five prey species were the most regularly selected, namely the 11527: 11501: 10714: 1898: 927:, who argued that other than dentition too many differences exist among the three species to warrant classifying them in a single subfamily. 2106:, only fatally losing contests to larger social carnivores. When briefly unprotected, wild dog pups may occasionally be vulnerable to large 2716: 1405: 3087: 2926:"What's in a name? An evidence-based approach to understanding the implications of vernacular name on conservation of the painted dog ( 2146:

area revealed that the African wild dog population decreased from 160 individuals in 2012 to 26 individuals in 2017. At the same time,

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It is estimated that there are around 6,600 adults (including 1,400 mature individuals) living in 39 subpopulations, all threatened by

11674: 3670: 1958:. More specifically, in East Africa, its most common prey is the Thomson's gazelle, while in Central and Southern Africa, it targets 11633: 11423: 5781: 2221:, African wild dog illustrations became much less represented, and the animal's symbolic role was largely taken over by the wolf. 11646: 11475: 4620:"An objective approach to determining the weight ranges of prey preferred by and accessible to the five large African carnivores" 4527: 5747: 1189:

era the dhole could be found as far west as Europe. The study proposes that the dhole's distribution may have once included the

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Hubel, Tatjana Y.; Myatt, Julia P.; Jordan, Neil R.; Dewhirst, Oliver P.; McNutt, J. Weldon; Wilson, Alan M. (April 2016).

3466:"XLIII.—New mammals from Lake Chad and the Congo, mostly from the collections made during the Alexander-Gosling expedition" 5587: 4090:

Kleiman, D.G.; Eisenberg, J. F. (1973). "Comparisons of canid and felid social systems from an evolutionary perspective".

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then went to Hare, who gave him the same medicine along with the same advice. On the way, Zebra turned back when he saw a

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that extensive intermixing has occurred between East African and Southern African populations in the past. Some unique

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of the African wild dog is poorly understood owing to the scarcity of fossil finds. Some authors consider the extinct

11584: 7183: 3362: 3005:"Comparative genomics provides new insights into the remarkable adaptations of the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)" 85: 2218: 11724: 11532: 7527: 5359: 2685: 4413: 11694: 5688: 5362:. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group, IUCN. pp. 335–336. Archived from 3003:

Chavez, Daniel E.; Gronau, Ilan; Hains, Taylor; Kliver, Sergei; Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Wayne, Robert K. (2019).

2857: 1090:), though its dentition was still relatively unspecialised. This connection was rejected by one author because 4965:

Creel, S. & Creel, N. M. (1996). "Limitation of African wild dogs by competition with larger carnivores".

2445: 353:, which it captures by using its stamina and cooperative hunting to exhaust them. Its natural competitors are 9745: 4183: 4157: 2425: 2162: 17: 2768: 2356:, episode 4, Produced by Nick Lyon: Tait is the elderly matriarch of a pack of painted wolves in Zimbabwe's 1765: 11704: 2400: 2086: 2182: 11514: 11462: 11366: 11361: 9736: 6939: 5771: 5756: 5550: 5458: 5399: 5267:"Apex predators decline after an influx of pastoralists in former Central African Republic hunting zones" 4381:

Pole, A.; Gordon, I. J.; Gorman, M. L. & MacAskill, M. (2004). "Prey selection by African wild dogs (

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De la Harpe R. & De la Harpe, P. (2010). ‘In search of the African wild dog: the right to survive’.

1757: 1655:, which are the largest relative to body size of any carnivore other than hyenas. The heel of the lower 1554:

are found in Southern African and northeastern African populations, with a transition zone encompassing

11689: 11679: 11201: 10857: 4092: 2410: 2350: 1681: 1509: 826:, a hybrid between the wolf and leopard, which resembles the former in shape and the latter in colour. 304: 9223: 3783: 3465: 3088:"Taxonomie du grand canidé de la grotte du Vallonnet (Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, Alpes-Maritimes, France)" 1005:

1.7 million years ago through this suite of adaptations, and these occurred at the same time as large

8062: 3616: 1009:(its prey) diversified. The findings also suggest that the African wild dog is largely isolated from 3718:

Pole, A.; Gordon, I. J.; Gorman, M. L.; MacAskill, M. (2004). "Prey selection by African wild dogs (

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Becker, P.A.; Miller, P.S.; Gunther, M.S.; Somers, M.J.; Wildt, D.E. & Maldonado, J.E. (2012).

2420: 2357: 1450: 842: 105: 5265:Äbischer, T.; Ibrahim, T.; Hickisch, R.; Furrer, R. D.; Leuenberger, C. & Wegmann, D. (2020). 897:, was later returned to it, in conformity with the International Rules on Taxonomic Nomenclature. 11684: 11339: 10782: 9763: 9494: 9187: 9122: 8504: 8080: 7553: 7075: 5806: 4793:

Hubel, T. Y.; Myatt, J. P.; Jordan, N. R.; Dewhirst, O. P.; McNutt, J. W.; Wilson, A. M. (2016).

4272:"Inbreeding avoidance influences the viability of reintroduced populations of African wild dogs ( 4066: 3835:

Nicholson, S. K.; Marneweck, D. G.; Lindsey, P. A.; Marnewick, K.; Davies-Mostert, H. T. (2020).

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Hartstone-Rose, A.; Werdelin, L.; De Ruiter, D. J.; Berger, L. R. & Churchill, S. E. (2010).

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When separated from the pack, an African wild dog becomes depressed and can die as a result of

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Archéo-Nil: Revue de la société pour l'étude des cultures prépharaoniques de la vallée du Nil

3270: 3132:"Pleistocene Canidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the Paleolithic Kudaro caves in the Caucasus" 3060:

Stiner, M. C.; Howell, F. C.; Martınez-Navarro, B.; Tchernov, E. & Bar-Yosef, O. (2001).

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juveniles during the dry season when herds are small and calves less protected. Footage from

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Palomares, F. & Caro, T. M. (1999). "Interspecific killing among mammalian carnivores".

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Brightly coloured with very short 15 mm (0.6 in) hair. Brain case is fuller than

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between the two species. Today their ranges are remote from each other; however during the

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from the third century AD describes a multicoloured wolf-like animal with a mane native to

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The African wild dog has 78 chromosomes, the same number as those of species in the genus

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Krüger, S.; Lawes, M.; Maddock, A. (1999). "Diet choice and capture success of wild dog (

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kill rate was only 15.5 percent. Because kills are shared, each dog enjoyed an efficient

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and anterior accessory cuspids on its lower premolars. These adaptions are found only in

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Namibia Nature Foundation Wild Dog Project: Conservation of African wild dogs in Namibia

5285: 5135: 5021: 4986: 4978: 4810: 4745: 4635: 4291: 3568:"Conserving the African wild dog Lycaon pictus. II. Is there a role for reintroduction?" 3318: 3239: 3163:

Cherin, Marco; Bertè, Davide F.; Rook, Lorenzo; Sardella, Raffaele (2013). "Re-Defining

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African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) from NE Kenya: Recent records and conservation issues

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The African wild dog also plays a prominent role in the mythology of Southern Africa's

2131: 1601: 1059: 870: 335: 300: 100: 39: 5266: 4333:

Charlesworth, D. & Willis, J. H. (2009). "The genetics of inbreeding depression".

4128: 4105: 2526: 1826:, whereas those in Southern Africa usually breed during the April–July period. During 1635:, the African wild dog is comparatively lean and tall, with outsized ears and lacking 11620: 11553: 11374: 10958: 10875: 10655: 10151: 10118: 9042: 8549: 8271: 8053: 7907: 7781: 7665: 7018: 6848: 6806: 6753: 6533: 6515: 6273: 5694: 5684: 5525: 5503: 5423: 5360:"Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan" 5301: 5236: 5189: 5164: 5082: 4950: 4929: 4891: 4832: 4767: 4730:"Additive opportunistic capture explains group hunting benefits in African wild dogs" 4708: 4659: 4472: 4350: 4315: 4247: 4109: 4070: 3998: 3932: 3904: 3903:. Vol. Volume 3, Part 1. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 36–53. 3876: 3762: 3698: 3621: 3584: 3567: 3429: 3426:

The behavior guide to African mammals: including hoofed mammals, carnivores, primates

3386: 3376: 3340: 3276: 3219: 3042: 2951: 2925: 2853: 2824: 2691: 2655: 2628: 2210: 1733: 1548: 1252: 1182: 1149: 1055: 409: 405: 377: 5677: 5047:"Predator-prey relationships amongst the larger mammals of the Kruger National Park" 4604: 4565: 4158:"Dogs in the Wild: Defending Wild Dogs ~ How Wild Dogs Recover from 'Broken Hearts'" 3671:

Canids of the World: Wolves, Wild Dogs, Foxes, Jackals, Coyotes, and Their Relatives

3593: 3489:"Lions, cheetahs, and wild dogs dwindle in West and Central African protected areas" 3255: 3188: 940: 11625: 11611: 11379: 11237: 11070: 10348: 9778: 9068: 8850: 7790: 7689: 7473: 7464: 7048: 6839: 6830: 6624: 6615: 6173: 5411: 5289: 5248: 5226: 5218: 5139: 5058: 5025: 4982: 4945: 4867: 4822: 4814: 4779: 4757: 4749: 4649: 4639: 4592: 4551: 4543: 4508: 4452: 4394: 4342: 4305: 4295: 4237: 4229: 4101: 4033: 3965: 3862: 3852: 3731: 3651: 3579: 3546: 3330: 3322: 3243: 3176: 3143: 3099: 3032: 3024: 2983: 2544: 2496: 2202: 2186: 2098: 1823: 1109: 1083: 362: 5786: 5471: 5448:. Studies in African Archaeology 9. Poznań: Poznań Archaeological Museum: 723–749. 4362: 2444:

For a full set of supporting references refer to the note (a) in the phylotree at

1716:

areas in pursuit of prey. A forest-dwelling population has been identified in the

1133:

among living canids, which shows the same adaptations to a hypercarnivorous diet.

11540: 11255: 11246: 11174: 11129: 10791: 10741: 10732: 10607: 10553: 10497: 10366: 10339: 10232: 10050: 10009: 9974: 9719: 8782: 8495: 8462: 8453: 7960: 7698: 7147: 6597: 6524: 6482: 6218: 6023: 5957: 5934: 5702: 5668: 5293: 4644: 4300: 3749:

Fanshawe, J. H.; Ginsberg, J. R.; Sillero-Zubiri, C. & Woodroffe, R. (1997).

3148: 3131: 3103: 2649: 2214: 2003: 1955: 1922: 1737: 1720:, a wet montane forest up to an elevation of 2,400 m (7,900 ft) in the 1628: 1513: 1317: 1240: 857:, erroneously classifying it as a species of hyena. It was later recognised as a 369: 11506: 5264: 4218:) use variable quorum thresholds facilitated by sneezes in collective decisions" 3536: 1631:. Females are usually 3–7% smaller than males. Compared to members of the genus 1329:

This subspecies is distinguished by its very dark coat with very little yellow.

11392: 11228: 11147: 10949: 10696: 10589: 10562: 9615: 9232: 8832: 8696: 8379: 7916: 7898: 7829: 7440: 7431: 7033: 6994: 5948: 5860: 4596: 4380: 3952:

Robbins, R. L. (2000). "Vocal communication in free-ranging African Wild Dogs (

3028: 2501: 2477:"Gradual evolution in the African hunting dog lineage: systematic implications" 2476: 2392: 2378: 1873: 1721: 1717: 1639:. The middle two toepads are usually fused. Its dentition differs from that of 1497: 1155: 1122: 1113: 890: 878: 862: 648: 320: 309: 247: 197: 187: 43: 5363: 4872: 4851: 4457: 4436: 4398: 3735: 3326: 3180: 361:: the former will kill the dogs where possible whilst the latter are frequent 11668: 11488: 11324: 11192: 11088: 11061: 10687: 10385: 10330: 9852: 9796: 9537: 9178: 8633: 8195: 7360: 7327: 7129: 7120: 7057: 6957: 6915: 6767: 6360: 5385: 5063: 5046: 4850:

Woodroffe, R.; Lindsey, P. A.; Romañach, S. S. & Ranah, S. M. O. (2007).

4618:

Clements, H. S.; Tambling, C. J.; Hayward, M. W. & Kerley, G. I. (2014).

3620:. London : Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). pp. 75–91. 3366: 2535: 2344: 2238: 2230: 2111: 2103: 2094: 2011: 1979: 1951: 1827: 1644: 1483: 1010: 970: 619: 358: 339: 90: 7817: 7629: 5415: 3969: 3510: 3390: 2972:"A review of the family Canidae, with a classification by numerical methods" 11467: 11219: 11165: 10866: 10634: 10580: 10357: 10256: 9811: 9787: 9606: 9597: 9417: 9384: 9307: 9268: 8678: 8660: 8522: 8394: 7853: 7254: 7217: 7102: 7084: 6497: 6443: 6369: 6047: 5791: 5766: 5706: 5672: 5570:"The Amazing Story of Solo, the African Wild Dog Who Lost Her Pack (Video)" 5240: 4836: 4771: 4663: 4354: 4319: 4251: 4233: 3344: 3046: 2386: 2285: 2277: 2272: 1999: 1939: 1935: 1903: 1808: 1648: 1566:

between the two. The West African wild dog population may possess a unique

1521: 1194: 1118: 1021: 590: 62: 4113: 4038: 4019: 3295: 2988: 2680:

Woodroffe, R.; McNutt, J.W. & Mills, M.G.L. (2004). "African Wild Dog

1668:. The skull is relatively shorter and broader than those of other canids. 11545: 11436: 11333: 10833: 10024: 9941: 9914: 9663: 9577: 9509: 9435: 9426: 9393: 9351: 9316: 9033: 8926: 8758: 8298: 8210: 8118: 7763: 7336: 7156: 6821: 6735: 6718: 6695: 6658: 6542: 6506: 6351: 6140: 5995: 5874: 4547: 3857: 3836: 2690:. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group. pp. 174–183. 2317: 2150: 2147: 1991: 1910:

The African wild dog is a specialised pack hunter of common medium-sized

1819: 1804: 1775: 1740:. A stable population comprising more than 370 individuals is present in 1575: 1544: 1190: 1186: 11402: 4818: 4753: 2153:

from the border area with Sudan moved in the area with their livestock.

1490: 11638: 11428: 11042: 10288: 10219: 10206: 10173: 9959: 9697: 9457: 9005: 8982: 8868: 8859: 8808: 8773: 8749: 8513: 8412: 8361: 8307: 8289: 8262: 8169: 8119: 7518: 7491: 7419: 7402: 7165: 7138: 6984: 6888: 6872: 6708: 6588: 6428: 6264: 6131: 5923: 5891: 5875: 5231: 3977: 3837:"A 20-year review of the status and distribution of African Wild Dogs ( 3748: 2251: 2190: 1800: 1656: 1570:, thus possibly constituting a truly distinct subspecies. The original 1257: 966: 958: 920: 850: 373: 346: 5737: 4795:"Energy cost and return for hunting in African wild dogs and cheetahs" 4556: 3867: 3551: 2714: 2701: 2679: 1141:

and was more robust than the modern species, having 10% larger teeth.

11441: 10973: 10908: 10521: 10461: 10247: 10068: 9683: 9675: 9624: 9474: 9360: 9342: 9056: 8890: 8723: 8565: 8531: 8343: 8035: 7309: 6779: 6255: 5823: 5645: 4490: 4488: 4435:

Hayward, M. W.; O'Brien, J.; Hofmeyr, M. & Kerley, G. I. (2006).

3247: 3217: 3085: 3062:"Outside Africa: Middle Pleistocene Lycaon from Hayonim Cave, Israel" 2971: 2684:". In Sillero-Zubiri, C.; Hoffman, M. & MacDonald, D. W. (eds.). 1995: 1975: 1836: 1787: 1705: 1611: 1571: 1567: 1025: 1006: 962: 954: 913: 426: 157: 117: 11295: 4346: 3059: 1917: 11605: 11318: 10670: 10133: 9950: 9926: 9287: 9137: 9083: 9019: 9014: 8967: 8899: 8817: 8687: 8436: 8427: 8325: 8280: 8160: 7993: 7730: 7639: 7608: 7568: 7455: 7387: 7295: 7286: 6606: 6402: 6155: 6038: 6005: 5854: 5842: 5761: 5222: 4058: 3784:"Forest-dwelling African wild dogs in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia" 2687:

Foxes, Jackals and Dogs: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan

2234: 2042: 1963: 1911: 1812: 1769:

Regurgitating food for puppies at den site at Working with Wildlife

1725: 1709: 1665: 1652: 1579: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1126: 1036: 1032: 986: 945: 916: 909: 835: 350: 137: 4485: 3834: 3375:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 532–628. 1528:. It is estimated that 70 adult individuals are left in the wild. 1181:) with the African wild dog. There was strong evidence of ancient 818:

The earliest written reference for the species appears to be from

11052: 10899: 10773: 10488: 10000: 9330: 8796: 8352: 8316: 8183: 8151: 8135: 7648: 7351: 6930: 6411: 6318: 6236: 6164: 6106: 6083: 5976: 5732: 4579:

Malcolm, J. R. & Van Lawick, H. (1975). "Notes on wild dogs (

4212:

Walker, R. H.; King, A. J.; McNutt, J. W.; Jordan, N. R. (2017).

4055:"Social organization and effective population size in carnivores" 3372:

Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

2309: 2093:

African wild dogs commonly lose their kills to larger predators.

1983: 1796: 1792: 1713: 1697: 1685: 1636: 1505: 1501: 1087: 1051: 978: 858: 422: 324: 296: 177: 167: 5698: 1696:. Its distribution is patchy in East Africa. It inhabits mostly 1496:

The West African wild dog used to be widespread from western to

11415: 11348: 11156: 11103: 10848: 10536: 10270: 8990: 8651: 8486: 8243: 7680: 6452: 6378: 6327: 6309: 6282: 6203: 6065: 5848: 5836: 5726: 5388:. Zoology Department Research Report. National Museum of Kenya. 5357: 4441:(Canidae: Carnivora): ecological requirements for conservation" 4434: 3751:"The Status and Distribution of Remaining Wild Dog Populations" 2524: 2301: 2281: 2268: 2194: 2143: 2135: 2034: 1971: 1959: 1947: 1877: 1729: 1689: 1578:

population of painted dogs is known to have possessed a unique

1551: 1017: 974: 819: 561: 147: 127: 2746: 1193:, from where it may have admixed with the African wild dog in 11138: 10997: 10940: 10813: 10616: 10473: 10100: 10082: 9705: 9375: 8624: 8609: 7270: 6561: 6056: 5776: 5720: 4617: 3922: 3920: 3753:. In Woodroffe, R.; Ginsberg, J. & MacDonald, D. (eds.). 2814: 2313: 2217:

shows them wearing the animals' tails on their belts. By the

2206: 2139: 2107: 1661: 1525: 1517: 1174: 1165: 1046: 990: 982: 919:

on the basis of all three species having similarly trenchant

905: 677: 506: 315: 5546:"National Geographic TV Shows, Specials & Documentaries" 5161:

The Spotted Hyena: A Study of Predation and Social Behaviour

4912: 1728:. At least one record exists of a pack being sighted on the 10512: 9408: 8733: 8669: 6342: 6074: 5932: 5683:(1st American ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 5588:"INTERVIEW: 'Savage Kingdom' returns with wild, wild drama" 4856:) can subsist on small prey: implications for conservation" 4679:"WATCH - More than 15 wild dogs take down an adult buffalo" 4526:

Ramnanan, R.; Swanepoel, L. H. & Somers, M. J. (2013).

3299:"Interspecific Gene Flow Shaped the Evolution of the Genus 2899: 2823:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 474–480. 2305: 2263: 2259: 2085:

was wiped out by lions. A population crash in lions in the

2078: 2038: 1987: 1701: 1693: 1625: 523: 354: 256: 5444:

Kroeper, K.; Chłodnicki, M. & Kobusiewicz, M. (eds.),

5358:

Sillero-Zubiri, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Macdonald, D.W. (2004).

5116:"Six ecological factors that may limit African wild dogs, 5101:

Running Wild: Dispelling the Myths of the African Wild Dog

5002:"Six ecological factors that may limit African wild dogs, 3917: 3761:. Gland: IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group. pp. 11–56. 8642: 8251: 6579: 5186:

The African Wild Dog: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation

4917:. Gland: IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group. pp. 58–73. 4915:

Status Survey and Conservation Plan: The African Wild Dog

4269: 3757:

Status Survey and Conservation Plan: The African Wild Dog

3717: 3695:

The African Wild Dog: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation

2624:

The African Wild Dog: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation

2372: 2254:. In one story, the wild dog is indirectly linked to the 2041:

and birds are hunted singly, with dangerous prey such as

1967: 501: 5208: 4792: 4727: 4532:) on private land in the Waterberg region, South Africa" 3545:(Magister Scientiae). Pretoria: University of Pretoria. 2969: 303:. It is the largest wild canine in Africa, and the only 5459:"Publications of the Princeton Expedition to Abyssinia" 4525: 4222:

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

3162: 3002: 5098: 5079:

The Serengeti lion: A study of predator-prey relations

4211: 3638:

McNutt, J. W. (1996). "Adoption in African wild dogs,

2627:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 158. 2592:

Temminck, 1820) - WildAfrica.cz - Animal Encyclopedia"

5400:"Symbolic roles of canine figures on early monuments" 4999: 4964: 3901:

East African mammals: an atlas of evolution in Africa

3807: 3203:

Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History

1761:

Play fighting after a kill in Tswalu Kalahari Reserve

1619:): Note the former's shorter muzzle and fewer molars. 392: 9473: 6869: 5777:

Painted Dog Conservation (conservation organization)

5163:. University of California Press. pp. 139–141. 3781: 3566:

Woodroffe, Rosie; Ginsberg, Joshua R. (April 1999).

2970:

Clutton-Brock, J.; Corbet, G. G.; Hills, M. (1976).

2474: 2368: 1859: 1752: 1159:, a possible ancestor of the modern African wild dog 965:

are the largest relative to body size of any living

5641:"Painted wolf singing ritual filmed for first time" 5461:, vol. 2. Leyden : Late E. J. Brill. pp. 79–80 2965: 2963: 4494: 4332: 3289: 3086:Moulle, P.E.; Echassoux, A.; Lacombat, F. (2006). 1508:. Now only two subpopulations survive: one in the 5729:, Painted Dog Conservation United Kingdom Website 5667: 5580: 4927: 4578: 3565: 2900:"The Painted Wolf Foundation - A Wild Dog's Life" 2647: 2201:Depictions of African wild dogs are prominent on 1020:dates back to 200,000 years ago and was found in 368:The African wild dog has been revered in several 11666: 7269: 5522:When Hippo was Hairy and other tales from Africa 5188:. Princeton University Press. pp. 253–254. 5081:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 188. 4089: 4020:"Some aspects of social behavior in the Canidae" 3454:, George G. Harrap & Company Ltd., pp. 19–20 3213: 3211: 3069:Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana 2960: 2525:Woodroffe, R. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2020) . 2122:The African wild dog is primarily threatened by 1137:had not yet lost the first metacarpal absent in 893:for ‘painted’), which derived from the original 5327: 4934:. I. Diagnosing and treating causes of decline" 4702: 3931:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. p. 112. 3463: 3428:. University of California Press. pp. 410–419. 3123: 2848:Painted Wolves: Wild Dogs of the Serengeti-Mara 2810: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2582: 2580: 2550:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T12436A166502262.en 1684:. It is occasionally sighted in other parts of 5316:The marsh lions: the story of an African pride 5113: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3486: 2821:The Mammals of the Southern African Sub-region 2438: 1205:As of 2005, five subspecies are recognised by 8133: 5974: 5807: 5430: 4908: 4906: 4904: 4528:"The diet and presence of African wild dogs ( 4207: 4205: 3990: 3782:Dutson, Guy; Sillero-Zuberi, Claudio (2005). 3697:. Princeton University Press. pp. 1–11. 3420: 3220:"The Plio-pleistocene ancestor of Wild Dogs, 3208: 2815:Skinner, J. D. & Chimimba, C. T. (2005). 1868:African wild dog pack in Kruger National Park 885:), meaning ‘wolf-like’. The specific epithet 849:after examining a specimen from the coast of 27:Endangered species of canine native to Africa 5821: 5494: 5492: 5071: 4499:) in Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Park, South Africa". 4326: 3926: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3268: 3205:. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008. 2801: 2788: 2786: 2577: 2475:Martínez-Navarro, B. & Rook, L. (2003). 2142:. Surveys in the Central African Republic's 11720:Species endangered by habitat fragmentation 5038: 4150: 4063:Behavioral ecology and conservation biology 3898: 3883: 3808:Malcolm, J. R.; Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2001). 3693:Creel, Scott; Creel, Nancy Marusha (2002). 3610: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3538:Conservation genetics of African wild dogs 3534: 3528: 3129: 1675: 1144: 1082:shared the African wild dog's absent first 5994: 5814: 5800: 5782:Photos, videos and information from ARKive 5442:and order over chaos in Predynastic Egypt. 5391: 5183: 4901: 4890:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. p. 113. 4707:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 277. 4437:"Prey preferences of the African wild dog 4202: 4176: 4126: 3692: 3464:Thomas, Oldfield; Wroughton, R.C. (1907). 3357: 3156: 3079: 2996: 2946:Bothma, J. du P. & Walker, C. (1999). 2675: 2673: 2671: 2620: 2312:and turned back, spilling the medicine. A 2062: 246: 79: 52: 10217: 6706: 5889: 5489: 5230: 5158: 5152: 5143: 5062: 5029: 4949: 4871: 4826: 4761: 4653: 4643: 4555: 4456: 4309: 4299: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4241: 4037: 3866: 3856: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3583: 3550: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3397: 3334: 3147: 3036: 2987: 2948:Larger Carnivores of the African Savannas 2783: 2708: 2548: 2500: 1815:, gurling, rumbling, moaning and hooing. 8563: 5446:Archaeology of Early Northeastern Africa 4083: 3601: 3195: 2280:, with the only notable example being a 2181: 2066: 1916: 1906:at Working with Wildlife in South Africa 1897: 1863: 1764: 1756: 1747: 1600: 1589: 1148: 973:. On the lower carnassials (first lower 934: 255:African wild dog range according to the 7637: 6400: 5921: 5519: 5044: 4928:Woodroffe, R.; Ginsberg, J. R. (1999). 4376: 4374: 4372: 4184:"Dogs in the Wild: Defending Wild Dogs" 4017: 4011: 3951: 2872: 2866: 2668: 2114:, when they venture out of their dens. 1884: 1778:is four or five adults, while packs in 383: 14: 11667: 10730: 8966: 5653:from the original on 21 November 2020. 5397: 5328:McCreery, E.K.; Robbins, R.L. (2004). 5177: 5114:Creel, S. & Creel, M., N. (1998). 5103:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books. 5099:McNutt, J. & Boggs, L. P. (1997). 4786: 4411: 4258: 3991:Solomon, N. G.; French, J. A. (1997). 3810:"Recent records of African wild dogs ( 3677: 3637: 3439: 3269:Enenkel, K.A.E.; Smith, P. J. (2014). 2940: 2923: 2747:"Painted Dog Conservation - Main page" 2520: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2446:Evolution of the wolf#Wolf-like canids 2288:showing a pack hunting two antelopes. 1643:by the degeneration of the last lower 1582:, but these genotypes may be extinct. 319:by dentition highly specialised for a 11300: 11299: 10204: 9661: 8965: 8117: 7252: 6693: 5873: 5795: 5314:Jackman, B., & Scott, J. (2012). 5260: 5258: 5184:Creel, S. & Creel, N. M. (2002). 5000:Creel, S. & Creel, N. M. (1998). 4721: 4214:"Sneeze to leave: African wild dogs ( 4052: 4046: 3201:Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H.; 2843: 372:societies, particularly those of the 5638: 4536:African Journal of Wildlife Research 4369: 3845:African Journal of Wildlife Research 3674:. Princeton University Press. pp.230 3351: 2798:, W.H. Lizars, Edinburgh, p. 261–269 2651:African Wild Dogs: On the Front Line 2616: 2614: 2612: 2431: 2193:period depicting African wild dogs, 2071:Pack confronting a spotted hyena in 1850: 7184:South African small-spotted genet ( 4987:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10020526.x 4676: 2761:"African wild dog facts and photos" 2648:Whittington-Jones, Brendan (2015). 2536:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2509: 2461: 1893: 1121:on the basis of distinct accessory 1108:Another ancestral candidate is the 24: 5723:, Painted Dog Conservation Website 5661: 5255: 5145:10.1111/j.1469-1795.1998.tb00220.x 5031:10.1111/j.1469-1795.1998.tb00220.x 4513:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01054.x 4414:"Hope Rises for Africa's wild dog" 4405: 3656:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05493.x 3515:Zoological Society of London (ZSL) 2406:Botswana Wild Dog Research Project 1921:African wild dog pack consuming a 1594:Closeup of an African wild dog in 393:Taxonomic and evolutionary history 25: 11736: 7528:Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose ( 5743:Wild Dog conservation in Zimbabwe 5714: 5330:"Sightings of African wild dogs, 4930:"Conserving the African wild dog 2609: 2347:premiered on National Geographic. 1860:Sneeze communication and ‘voting’ 1753:Social and reproductive behaviour 904:placed the African wild dog, the 412:with timing in millions of years 11675:IUCN Red List endangered species 7253: 4951:10.1046/j.1365-3008.1999.00052.x 4888:Walker's Carnivores of the World 3929:Walker's Carnivores of the World 3585:10.1046/j.1365-3008.1999.00053.x 3542:(Temminck, 1820) in South Africa 2725:Catalogue of Life 2018 Checklist 2621:Creel, S.; Creel, N. M. (2019). 2385: 2371: 2177: 1818:African wild dog populations in 1512:of Senegal and the other in the 1489: 1404: 1322: 1239: 923:. This grouping was disputed by 771: 751: 707: 680: 651: 622: 593: 564: 526: 505: 270: Probably extant (resident) 104: 9662: 6694: 5762:The Zambian Carnivore Programme 5632: 5606: 5562: 5538: 5513: 5464: 5451: 5378: 5351: 5321: 5308: 5202: 5107: 5092: 4993: 4958: 4921: 4880: 4843: 4696: 4670: 4611: 4572: 4519: 4465: 4428: 4120: 3994:Cooperative Breeding in Mammals 3984: 3945: 3828: 3801: 3775: 3742: 3711: 3662: 3631: 3559: 3503: 3487:Victor Montoro (14 July 2015). 3480: 3457: 3262: 3130:Baryshnikov, Gennady F (2012). 3053: 2917: 2892: 2837: 2753: 2156: 1040:as ancestral to both the genus 10205: 3997:. Cambridge University Press. 3169:Journal of Mammalian Evolution 2875:"Every (wild) dog has its day" 2767:. 10 June 2011. Archived from 2739: 2641: 2564: 2328: 2022:uncoordinated chases, and the 1585: 313:, which is distinguished from 13: 1: 11715:Mammals of Sub-Saharan Africa 6940:Malabar large-spotted civet ( 5524:. Bok Books. pp. 35–38. 4705:Golden Shadows, Flying Hooves 4106:10.1016/S0003-3472(73)80088-0 3617:The carnivores of West Africa 3136:Russian Journal of Theriology 2454: 2426:Wildlife Conservation Network 2245: 2172: 2163:non-governmental organization 1998:specialized in hunting adult 1200: 345:The species is a specialised 11202:Indonesian mountain weasel ( 10858:North American river otter ( 9746:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk ( 6800:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii 5733:African Wild Dog Conservancy 5294:10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108326 4645:10.1371/journal.pone.0101054 4301:10.1371/journal.pone.0037181 3149:10.15298/rusjtheriol.11.2.01 3104:10.1016/j.anthro.2006.10.001 2401:African Wild Dog Conservancy 2087:Ngorongoro Conservation Area 1609:) compared with that of the 1016:The oldest African wild dog 949:, a possible ancestral genus 930: 7: 8063:Somalian slender mongoose ( 5757:African Wildlife Foundation 5551:National Geographic Channel 4683:Sunday Times (South Africa) 3470:Magazine of Natural History 2976:Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 2904:The Painted Wolf Foundation 2852:. Viking Press. p. 8. 2749:. Painted Dog Conservation. 2364: 2323: 2224: 2008:Lower Zambezi National Park 1978:, and smaller prey such as 939:Artistic reconstruction by 397: 42:– present (200,000–0 years 10: 11741: 11700:Endangered fauna of Africa 11016:Asian small-clawed otter ( 9755:American hog-nosed skunk ( 9737:Molina's hog-nosed skunk ( 8045:Angolan slender mongoose ( 7740:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose ( 6789:Small-toothed palm civet ( 5045:Pienaar, U. de V. (1969). 4597:10.1515/mamm.1975.39.2.231 3029:10.1038/s41598-019-44772-5 2502:10.1016/j.crpv.2003.06.002 2411:Harnas Wildlife Foundation 2291: 2117: 1682:Niokolo-Koba National Park 1651:and proportionately large 1510:Niokolo-Koba National Park 1066:should be reclassified as 1013:with other canid species. 969:with the exception of the 11710:Mammals described in 1820 11595: 11308: 11101: 11050: 11041: 10995: 10971: 10938: 10921: 10897: 10846: 10829: 10812: 10783:Saharan striped polecat ( 10771: 10754: 10713: 10668: 10651: 10642: 10633: 10534: 10510: 10486: 10469: 10460: 10383: 10328: 10286: 10269: 10245: 10228: 10213: 10200: 10172: 10131: 10098: 10081: 10022: 9972: 9939: 9922: 9913: 9850: 9809: 9776: 9764:Striped hog-nosed skunk ( 9717: 9696: 9674: 9670: 9657: 9593: 9576: 9535: 9507: 9495:Mediterranean monk seal ( 9490: 9456: 9406: 9373: 9338: 9329: 9303: 9286: 9267: 9224:Juan Fernández fur seal ( 9188:South American fur seal ( 9176: 9159: 9135: 9123:South American sea lion ( 9118: 9081: 9064: 9055: 9031: 9003: 8981: 8977: 8961: 8925: 8898: 8889: 8830: 8804: 8795: 8771: 8747: 8732: 8721: 8622: 8596: 8548: 8505:South American gray fox ( 8475: 8449: 8425: 8408: 8393: 8378: 8241: 8208: 8191: 8182: 8149: 8129: 8113: 8081:Common slender mongoose ( 8033: 7991: 7947: 7851: 7825: 7816: 7761: 7728: 7711: 7678: 7661: 7628: 7607: 7566: 7554:Narrow-striped mongoose ( 7549: 7516: 7499: 7490: 7453: 7427: 7418: 7401: 7385: 7349: 7323: 7308: 7284: 7265: 7261: 7248: 7216: 7212: 7076:Crested servaline genet ( 7031: 6992: 6983: 6928: 6902: 6887: 6865: 6819: 6775: 6766: 6717: 6702: 6689: 6657: 6559: 6495: 6478: 6469: 6441: 6424: 6391: 6340: 6253: 6216: 6199: 6190: 6153: 6129: 6120: 6104: 6036: 6003: 5990: 5970: 5917: 5900: 5885: 5869: 5831: 5767:Save the African wild dog 4873:10.1644/05-mamm-a-405r1.1 4458:10.1644/05-mamm-a-304r2.1 4399:10.1017/S0952836903004576 4385:) in southern Zimbabwe". 3736:10.1017/s0952836903004576 3722:) in southern Zimbabwe". 3452:Wild Life in South Africa 3327:10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.041 3181:10.1007/s10914-013-9227-4 2950:, Springer, pp. 130–157, 1050:, which lived throughout 841:The African wild dog was 832:Collea rerum memorabilium 766: 746: 739: 731: 704: 675: 646: 617: 588: 559: 521: 499: 492: 485: 478: 470: 462: 454: 446: 438: 430: 254: 245: 226: 219: 101:Scientific classification 99: 77: 68: 60: 51: 34: 11139:Stoat/Beringian ermine ( 11007:African clawless otter ( 10759:African striped weasel ( 10572:Yellow-throated marten ( 10448:Formosan ferret-badger ( 10152:Western mountain coati ( 10143:Eastern mountain coati ( 10060:Western lowland olingo ( 10042:Eastern lowland olingo ( 9870:Southern spotted skunk ( 9564:Southern elephant seal ( 9555:Northern elephant seal ( 9345:Pagophilus groenlandicus 8122:("dog-like" carnivorans) 7935:Stripe-necked mongoose ( 7556:Mungotictis decemlineata 6431:Herpailurus yagouaroundi 5878:("cat-like" carnivorans) 5334:, in southeastern Kenya" 5077:Schaller, G. B. (1972). 5064:10.4102/koedoe.v12i1.753 4703:Schaller, G. B. (1973). 4127:Allen, M. M.; Allen, C. 3668:Castelló, J. R. (2018). 3614:Rosevear, D. R. (1974). 3369:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). 2844:Scott, Jonathan (1991). 2421:Painted Dog Conservation 2358:Mana Pools National Park 1822:appear to have no fixed 1676:Distribution and habitat 1647:, the narrowness of the 1605:African wild dog skull ( 1173:was used to compare the 1145:Admixture with the dhole 843:scientifically described 11184:Yellow-bellied weasel ( 10439:Burmese ferret-badger ( 10421:Chinese ferret-badger ( 10412:Bornean ferret badger ( 10403:Vietnam ferret-badger ( 9888:Eastern spotted skunk ( 9879:Western spotted skunk ( 9609:Leptonychotes weddellii 9251:Subantarctic fur seal ( 9197:Australasian fur seal ( 8021:Black-footed mongoose ( 8003:Bushy-tailed mongoose ( 7952:White-tailed mongoose ( 7890:Indian brown mongoose ( 7872:Short-tailed mongoose ( 7863:Small Indian mongoose ( 7800:Flat-headed kusimanse ( 7773:Alexander's kusimanse ( 7749:Common dwarf mongoose ( 7716:Pousargues's mongoose ( 7578:Brown-tailed mongoose ( 7537:Grandidier's mongoose ( 6791:Arctogalidia trivirgata 6015:Sunda clouded leopard ( 5787:ibream wild dog project 5472:"Culture Out of Africa" 5416:10.3406/arnil.1993.1175 5384:Githiru et al. (2007). 5274:Biological Conservation 5211:The American Naturalist 4335:Nature Reviews Genetics 4067:Oxford University Press 4018:Kleiman, D. G. (1967). 3970:10.1163/156853900501926 3511:"West African wild dog" 3228:Journal of Paleontology 2873:Kristof, N. D. (2010). 2205:and other objects from 2128:human–wildlife conflict 2063:Enemies and competitors 1664:and the South American 1171:whole genome sequencing 847:Coenraad Jacob Temminck 264: Extant (resident) 11725:Mammals of East Africa 11025:Congo clawless otter ( 10928:Hydrictis maculicollis 10926:Spotted-necked otter ( 10885:Southern river otter ( 10836:Pteronura brasiliensis 10599:European pine marten ( 10110:South American coati ( 9838:Palawan stink badger ( 9164:New Zealand sea lion ( 8229:Japanese raccoon dog ( 7926:Crab-eating mongoose ( 7881:Indian grey mongoose ( 7504:Ring-tailed vontsira ( 7315:(bone-crushing hyenas) 7010:Central African oyan ( 6571:Chinese mountain cat ( 5738:African Wild Dog Watch 5554:. 2013. Archived from 5520:Greaves, Nick (1989). 5457:Littman, Enno (1910). 5436:Hendrickx, S. (2006). 5318:. Bradt Travel Guides. 4418:International Wildlife 4234:10.1098/rspb.2017.0347 3450:Bryden, H. A. (1936), 2934:Language & Ecology 2817:"The African wild dog" 2543:: e.T12436A166502262. 2481:Comptes Rendus Palevol 2198: 2075: 2073:Sabi Sand Game Reserve 1930: 1907: 1869: 1770: 1762: 1620: 1598: 1160: 1062:. Others propose that 997:lineage diverged from 950: 853:. He named the animal 349:hunter of terrestrial 323:diet and by a lack of 11695:Carnivorans of Africa 11567:Paleobiology Database 11265:Back-striped weasel ( 11211:Black-footed ferret ( 10983:Smooth-coated otter ( 10761:Poecilogale albinucha 10430:Javan ferret-badger ( 10316:Sumatran hog badger ( 10298:Northern hog badger ( 9992:Crab-eating raccoon ( 9897:Pygmy spotted skunk ( 9618:Lobodon carcinophagus 9354:Histriophoca fasciata 9147:Australian sea lion ( 9093:California sea lion ( 8842:American black bear ( 8584:Black-backed jackal ( 8575:Side-striped jackal ( 8415:Chrysocyon brachyurus 7839:Long-nosed mongoose ( 7112:Rusty-spotted genet ( 6949:Large-spotted civet ( 6798:Sulawesi palm civet ( 6727:Owston's palm civet ( 6301:Andean mountain cat ( 5558:on 23 September 2014. 4886:Nowak, R. M. (2005). 4799:Nature Communications 4734:Nature Communications 3927:Nowak, R. M. (2005). 3275:. Brill. p. 83. 2989:10.5962/bhl.part.6922 2792:Smith, C. H. (1839). 2185: 2167:biodiversity hotspots 2126:, which results from 2124:habitat fragmentation 2070: 1920: 1901: 1867: 1845:broken heart syndrome 1768: 1760: 1748:Behaviour and ecology 1604: 1593: 1475:West African wild dog 1310:East African wild dog 1152: 938: 332:habitat fragmentation 287:), also known as the 11080:Long-tailed weasel ( 10658:Lyncodon patagonicus 10307:Greater hog badger ( 9829:Sunda stink badger ( 9519:Hawaiian monk seal ( 9242:Guadalupe fur seal ( 9215:Antarctic fur seal ( 9206:Galápagos fur seal ( 9102:Galápagos sea lion ( 8220:Common raccoon dog ( 8072:Cape gray mongoose ( 8012:Jackson's mongoose ( 7972:Paracynictis selousi 7963:Cynictis penicillata 7587:Durrell's vontsira ( 7175:Giant forest genet ( 6967:Large Indian civet ( 6907:Small Indian civet ( 6516:Sunda leopard cat ( 6292:Southern tiger cat ( 6228:African golden cat ( 5905:African palm civet ( 5639:Shaw, Alfie (2019). 4967:Conservation Biology 4860:Journal of Mammalogy 4852:"African wild dogs ( 4548:10.3957/056.043.0113 4478:Animal Diversity Web 4445:Journal of Mammalogy 4137:Animal Diversity Web 4069:. pp. 246–270. 3899:Kingdon, J. (1988). 3858:10.3957/056.050.0008 3535:Edwards, J. (2009). 3313:(21): 3441–3449.e5. 2572:Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. 2416:Institute of Zoology 2083:Etosha National Park 2047:Old World porcupines 1927:Madikwe Game Reserve 1885:Inbreeding avoidance 1784:Selous Game Reserves 1742:Kruger National Park 1596:Kruger National Park 1054:and Africa from the 925:Juliet Clutton-Brock 865:in 1827 and renamed 384:Etymology and naming 307:member of the genus 61:African wild dog in 11705:Fauna of the Sahara 11123:M. aistoodonnivalis 10959:Hairy-nosed otter ( 10876:Neotropical otter ( 10656:Patagonian weasel ( 10119:White-nosed coati ( 9319:Cystophora cristata 9310:Erignathus barbatus 9043:Northern fur seal ( 8820:Helarctos malayanus 8456:Atelocynus microtis 8163:U. cinereoargenteus 8054:Egyptian mongoose ( 7981:Rhynchogale melleri 7979:Meller's mongoose ( 7970:Selous's mongoose ( 7954:Ichneumia albicauda 7908:Collared mongoose ( 7782:Angolan kusimanse ( 7666:Liberian mongoose ( 7019:West African oyan ( 6918:Civettictis civetta 6849:Golden palm civet ( 6807:Masked palm civet ( 6782:Arctictis binturong 6756:Hemigalus derbyanus 6754:Banded palm civet ( 6745:Hose's palm civet ( 6534:Rusty-spotted cat ( 5618:National Geographic 5576:. 20 December 2014. 5286:2020BCons.24108326A 5136:1998AnCon...1....1C 5124:Animal Conservation 5022:1998AnCon...1....1C 5010:Animal Conservation 4979:1996ConBi..10..526C 4819:10.1038/ncomms11034 4811:2016NatCo...711034H 4754:10.1038/ncomms11033 4746:2016NatCo...711033H 4636:2014PLoSO...9j1054C 4583:) hunting zebras". 4412:Morell, V. (1996). 4292:2012PLoSO...737181B 4133:(African wild dog)" 4039:10.1093/icb/7.2.365 3319:2018CBio...28E3441G 3240:2010JPal...84..299H 3021:2019NatSR...9.8329C 2924:Blades, B. (2020). 2765:National Geographic 2727:. Catalogue of Life 2588:"African Wild Dog ( 2493:2003CRPal...2..695M 2132:infectious diseases 2033:Small prey such as 1872:Populations in the 1248:nominate subspecies 822:, who wrote of the 769:Black-backed jackal 749:Side-striped jackal 71:Conservation status 11238:European polecat ( 11071:Colombian weasel ( 10721:(African polecats) 10349:Caucasian badger ( 10277:(Eurasian badgers) 9727:(hog-nosed skunks) 9464:("southern seals") 9363:Halichoerus grypus 9294:("northern seals") 9166:Phocarctos hookeri 9071:Eumetopias jubatus 9069:Steller sea lion ( 8851:Asian black bear ( 8601:African wild dog ( 8555:(wolf-like canids) 7832:Atilax paludinosus 7791:Common kusimanse ( 7718:Dologale dybowskii 7690:Gambian mongoose ( 7474:Western falanouc ( 7465:Eastern falanouc ( 7434:Cryptoprocta ferox 7339:Parahyaena brunnea 7094:Johnston's genet ( 7049:Abyssinian genet ( 7001:(African linsangs) 6909:Viverricula indica 6840:Brown palm civet ( 6831:Asian palm civet ( 6738:Cynogale bennettii 6729:Chrotogale owstoni 6625:European wildcat ( 6616:Black-footed cat ( 6206:Leptailurus serval 6174:Asian golden cat ( 5940:(Asiatic linsangs) 5594:. 23 November 2017 5398:Baines, J (1993). 5159:Kruuk, H. (1972). 4501:Journal of Zoology 4387:Journal of Zoology 4228:(1862): 20170347. 4053:Creel, S. (1998). 4025:American Zoologist 3841:) in South Africa" 3724:Journal of Zoology 3644:Journal of Zoology 3424:Estes, R. (1992). 3009:Scientific Reports 2936:. 2019–2020: 1–27. 2879:The New York Times 2704:on 6 October 2011. 2211:predynastic period 2199: 2130:, transmission of 2076: 2028:benefit–cost ratio 1931: 1908: 1870: 1771: 1763: 1621: 1599: 1431:(Matschie, 1915), 1427:(Matschie, 1915), 1423:(Matschie, 1915), 1419:(Matschie, 1915), 1384:(Matschie, 1915), 1380:(Matschie, 1915), 1376:(Matschie, 1915), 1372:(Matschie, 1915), 1368:(Matschie, 1915), 1364:(Matschie, 1912), 1360:(Matschie, 1915), 1356:(Matschie, 1915), 1352:(Matschie, 1915), 1348:(Matschie, 1915), 1344:(Matschie, 1915), 1340:(Matschie, 1915), 1336:(Matschie, 1915), 1299:(Matschie, 1915), 1295:(Burchell, 1822), 1291:(A. Smith, 1833), 1283:(Matschie, 1915), 1279:(Matschie, 1915), 1275:(Matschie, 1915), 1271:(Matschie, 1915), 1267:(Matschie, 1915), 1161: 1060:Middle Pleistocene 951: 301:sub-Saharan Africa 40:Middle Pleistocene 11690:Canina (subtribe) 11680:African wild dogs 11662: 11661: 11554:Open Tree of Life 11302:Taxon identifiers 11293: 11292: 11289: 11288: 11285: 11284: 11281: 11280: 11277: 11276: 11256:Siberian weasel ( 11247:American ermine ( 11175:Japanese weasel ( 11130:Mountain weasel ( 11114: 11037: 11036: 10823: 10808: 10807: 10804: 10803: 10792:Striped polecat ( 10742:Marbled polecat ( 10724: 10709: 10708: 10681: 10629: 10628: 10608:Japanese marten ( 10554:American marten ( 10547: 10405:M. cucphuongensis 10396: 10379: 10378: 10367:European badger ( 10340:Japanese badger ( 10280: 10233:American badger ( 10196: 10195: 10192: 10191: 10168: 10167: 10164: 10163: 10092: 10051:Northern olingo ( 10035: 10010:Cozumel raccoon ( 9985: 9909: 9908: 9863: 9822: 9730: 9711: 9653: 9652: 9649: 9648: 9645: 9644: 9641: 9640: 9637: 9636: 9627:Ommatophoca rossi 9600:Hydrurga leptonyx 9587: 9584:(Antarctic seals) 9557:M. angustirostris 9548: 9531: 9530: 9497:Monachus monachus 9484: 9467: 9452: 9451: 9448: 9447: 9297: 9280: 9263: 9262: 9125:Otaria flavescens 9114: 9113: 9025: 8993:Odobenus rosmarus 8957: 8956: 8953: 8952: 8949: 8948: 8945: 8944: 8908: 8885: 8884: 8881: 8880: 8783:Spectacled bear ( 8741: 8717: 8716: 8713: 8712: 8709: 8708: 8557: 8544: 8543: 8463:Crab-eating fox ( 8454:Short-eared dog ( 8402: 8387: 8374: 8373: 8256: 8198:Otocyon megalotis 8142: 8109: 8108: 8105: 8104: 8101: 8100: 8097: 8096: 8093: 8092: 7961:Yellow mongoose ( 7812: 7811: 7699:Banded mongoose ( 7668:Liberiictus kuhni 7622: 7603: 7602: 7599: 7598: 7486: 7485: 7412: 7381: 7380: 7377: 7376: 7373: 7372: 7317: 7278: 7244: 7243: 7240: 7239: 7236: 7235: 7208: 7207: 7204: 7203: 7200: 7199: 7196: 7195: 7148:Servaline genet ( 7067:Bourlon's genet ( 7042: 7003: 6979: 6978: 6861: 6860: 6833:P. hermaphroditus 6685: 6684: 6681: 6680: 6677: 6676: 6653: 6652: 6649: 6648: 6645: 6644: 6641: 6640: 6637: 6636: 6598:African wildcat ( 6555: 6554: 6525:Flat-headed cat ( 6465: 6464: 6249: 6248: 6186: 6185: 6100: 6099: 6096: 6095: 6024:Clouded leopard ( 5983: 5958:Spotted linsang ( 5942: 5907:Nandinia binotata 5727:painteddog.co.uk/ 5620:. 17 October 2017 5592:Hollywood Soapbox 5531:978-0-947444-12-9 5508:978-1-919938-11-0 5366:on 6 October 2011 5195:978-0-691-01654-2 5170:978-0-226-45508-2 5087:978-0-226-73639-6 4896:978-0-8018-8032-2 4714:978-0-394-47243-0 4076:978-0-19-510490-5 4004:978-0-521-45491-9 3964:(10): 1271–1298. 3938:978-0-8018-8032-2 3910:978-0-226-43721-7 3768:978-2-8317-0418-0 3704:978-0-691-01654-2 3626:978-0-565-00723-2 3434:978-0-520-08085-0 3382:978-0-8018-8221-0 3363:"Order Carnivora" 3359:Wozencraft, W. C. 3282:978-90-04-27917-9 2956:978-3-540-65660-9 2830:978-0-521-84418-5 2697:978-2-8317-0786-0 2661:978-1-4314-2129-9 2634:978-0-691-20700-1 2570:Temminck (1820), 2432:Explanatory notes 2335:A Wild Dog's Tale 2203:cosmetic palettes 2052:Thomson's gazelle 1944:Thomson's gazelle 1902:Wild dogs kill a 1851:Male/female ratio 1734:Mount Kilimanjaro 1562:and southeastern 1540: 1539: 1536: 1469: 1436: 1389: 1304: 1287:(Brookes, 1827), 1183:genetic admixture 1056:Early Pleistocene 902:George G. Simpson 816: 815: 811: 810: 802: 801: 793: 792: 784: 783: 720: 719: 706:African wild dog 693: 692: 664: 663: 635: 634: 606: 605: 577: 576: 548: 547: 539: 538: 406:Phylogenetic tree 378:Prehistoric Egypt 275: 274: 94: 16:(Redirected from 11732: 11655: 11654: 11642: 11641: 11629: 11628: 11616: 11615: 11614: 11588: 11587: 11575: 11574: 11562: 11561: 11549: 11548: 11536: 11535: 11523: 11522: 11510: 11509: 11497: 11496: 11484: 11483: 11471: 11470: 11458: 11457: 11445: 11444: 11432: 11431: 11419: 11418: 11406: 11405: 11396: 11395: 11383: 11382: 11370: 11369: 11357: 11356: 11344: 11343: 11342: 11329: 11328: 11327: 11297: 11296: 11229:Malayan weasel ( 11148:Steppe polecat ( 11121:Sichuan weasel ( 11113: 11112: 11108: 11048: 11047: 10985:L. perspicillata 10950:Eurasian otter ( 10827: 10826: 10822: 10821: 10817: 10728: 10727: 10723: 10722: 10718: 10697:Greater grison ( 10680: 10679: 10675: 10649: 10648: 10640: 10639: 10590:Nilgiri marten ( 10563:Pacific marten ( 10546: 10545: 10541: 10467: 10466: 10450:M. subaurantiaca 10395: 10394: 10393:(ferret-badgers) 10390: 10284: 10283: 10279: 10278: 10274: 10226: 10225: 10215: 10214: 10202: 10201: 10096: 10095: 10091: 10090: 10086: 10034: 10033: 10029: 9984: 9983: 9979: 9920: 9919: 9862: 9861: 9860:(spotted skunks) 9857: 9821: 9820: 9816: 9729: 9728: 9724: 9715: 9714: 9710: 9709: 9701: 9672: 9671: 9659: 9658: 9616:Crabeater seal ( 9591: 9590: 9586: 9585: 9581: 9547: 9546: 9545:(elephant seals) 9542: 9521:N. schauinslandi 9488: 9487: 9483: 9482: 9478: 9471: 9470: 9466: 9465: 9461: 9336: 9335: 9301: 9300: 9296: 9295: 9291: 9284: 9283: 9279: 9278: 9272: 9233:Brown fur seal ( 9208:A. galapagoensis 9095:Z. californianus 9062: 9061: 9029: 9028: 9024: 9023: 9009: 8979: 8978: 8971: 8963: 8962: 8907: 8906: 8902: 8896: 8895: 8811:Melursus ursinus 8802: 8801: 8745: 8744: 8740: 8737: 8730: 8729: 8697:Ethiopian wolf ( 8561: 8560: 8556: 8553: 8406: 8405: 8401: 8398: 8391: 8390: 8386: 8383: 8272:Blanford's fox ( 8255: 8248: 8189: 8188: 8147: 8146: 8141: 8138: 8131: 8130: 8123: 8115: 8114: 7917:Ruddy mongoose ( 7899:Javan mongoose ( 7830:Marsh mongoose ( 7823: 7822: 7802:C. platycephalus 7635: 7634: 7626: 7625: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7497: 7496: 7441:Malagasy civet ( 7425: 7424: 7416: 7415: 7411: 7406: 7399: 7398: 7394: 7321: 7320: 7316: 7313: 7282: 7281: 7277: 7274: 7267: 7266: 7263: 7262: 7250: 7249: 7214: 7213: 7041: 7038: 7002: 6999: 6990: 6989: 6900: 6899: 6896: 6885: 6884: 6880: 6867: 6866: 6773: 6772: 6715: 6714: 6704: 6703: 6691: 6690: 6485:Otocolobus manul 6476: 6475: 6398: 6397: 6274:Geoffroy's cat ( 6197: 6196: 6127: 6126: 6118: 6117: 6113: 6001: 6000: 5992: 5991: 5988: 5987: 5982: 5979: 5972: 5971: 5949:Banded linsang ( 5941: 5938: 5930: 5929: 5919: 5918: 5898: 5897: 5887: 5886: 5879: 5871: 5870: 5816: 5809: 5802: 5793: 5792: 5753:African Wild Dog 5710: 5682: 5679:Innocent Killers 5655: 5654: 5636: 5630: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5610: 5604: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5584: 5578: 5577: 5566: 5560: 5559: 5542: 5536: 5535: 5517: 5511: 5496: 5487: 5486: 5484: 5482: 5476:www.dhushara.com 5468: 5462: 5455: 5449: 5434: 5428: 5427: 5395: 5389: 5382: 5376: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5355: 5349: 5348: 5338: 5325: 5319: 5312: 5306: 5305: 5271: 5262: 5253: 5252: 5234: 5206: 5200: 5199: 5181: 5175: 5174: 5156: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5111: 5105: 5104: 5096: 5090: 5075: 5069: 5068: 5066: 5042: 5036: 5035: 5033: 4997: 4991: 4990: 4962: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4925: 4919: 4918: 4910: 4899: 4884: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4847: 4841: 4840: 4830: 4790: 4784: 4783: 4765: 4725: 4719: 4718: 4700: 4694: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4674: 4668: 4667: 4657: 4647: 4615: 4609: 4608: 4576: 4570: 4569: 4559: 4523: 4517: 4516: 4492: 4483: 4482: 4469: 4463: 4462: 4460: 4451:(6): 1122–1131. 4432: 4426: 4425: 4409: 4403: 4402: 4378: 4367: 4366: 4330: 4324: 4323: 4313: 4303: 4267: 4256: 4255: 4245: 4209: 4200: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4180: 4174: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4124: 4118: 4117: 4093:Animal Behaviour 4087: 4081: 4080: 4050: 4044: 4043: 4041: 4015: 4009: 4008: 3988: 3982: 3981: 3949: 3943: 3942: 3924: 3915: 3914: 3896: 3881: 3880: 3870: 3860: 3832: 3826: 3825: 3814:) from Ethiopia" 3805: 3799: 3798: 3788: 3779: 3773: 3772: 3760: 3746: 3740: 3739: 3715: 3709: 3708: 3690: 3675: 3666: 3660: 3659: 3635: 3629: 3612: 3599: 3597: 3587: 3563: 3557: 3556: 3554: 3532: 3526: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3507: 3501: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3461: 3455: 3448: 3437: 3422: 3395: 3394: 3355: 3349: 3348: 3338: 3293: 3287: 3286: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3248:10.1666/09-124.1 3215: 3206: 3199: 3193: 3192: 3160: 3154: 3153: 3151: 3127: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3110:on 14 March 2012 3106:. Archived from 3083: 3077: 3076: 3066: 3057: 3051: 3050: 3040: 3000: 2994: 2993: 2991: 2967: 2958: 2944: 2938: 2937: 2921: 2915: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2896: 2890: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2870: 2864: 2863: 2851: 2841: 2835: 2834: 2812: 2799: 2790: 2781: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2771:on 12 April 2021 2757: 2751: 2750: 2743: 2737: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2712: 2706: 2705: 2700:. Archived from 2677: 2666: 2665: 2645: 2639: 2638: 2618: 2607: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2584: 2575: 2568: 2562: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2552: 2522: 2507: 2506: 2504: 2472: 2448: 2442: 2395: 2390: 2389: 2381: 2376: 2375: 2354:(2018 TV series) 2233:, the people of 2187:Cosmetic palette 1894:Hunting and diet 1535:(Matschie, 1915) 1531: 1493: 1488: 1487: 1480:L. p. manguensis 1468:(Matschie, 1915) 1464: 1454: 1442:Chadian wild dog 1435:(Matschie, 1915) 1415: 1408: 1403: 1388:(Matschie, 1915) 1332: 1326: 1321: 1263: 1243: 1238: 1212: 1211: 1110:Plio-Pleistocene 1104: 961:-shaped and its 912:together in the 775: 755: 742: 741: 734: 733: 711: 684: 655: 626: 597: 568: 530: 510: 509: 495: 494: 488: 487: 481: 480: 473: 472: 465: 464: 457: 456: 449: 448: 441: 440: 433: 432: 419: 418: 410:wolf-like canids 402: 401: 321:hypercarnivorous 293:Cape hunting dog 279:African wild dog 269: 263: 250: 232: 109: 108: 88: 83: 82: 56: 38:Temporal range: 35:African wild dog 32: 31: 21: 11740: 11739: 11735: 11734: 11733: 11731: 11730: 11729: 11665: 11664: 11663: 11658: 11650: 11645: 11637: 11632: 11624: 11619: 11610: 11609: 11604: 11591: 11583: 11578: 11570: 11565: 11557: 11552: 11544: 11541:Observation.org 11539: 11531: 11526: 11518: 11513: 11505: 11500: 11492: 11487: 11479: 11474: 11466: 11461: 11453: 11448: 11440: 11435: 11427: 11422: 11414: 11409: 11401: 11399: 11391: 11386: 11378: 11373: 11365: 11360: 11352: 11347: 11338: 11337: 11332: 11323: 11322: 11317: 11304: 11294: 11273: 11249:M. richardsonii 11193:European mink ( 11110: 11109: 11107: 11097: 11089:American mink ( 11062:Amazon weasel ( 11033: 10991: 10967: 10934: 10917: 10893: 10842: 10819: 10818: 10816: 10800: 10767: 10750: 10720: 10719: 10717: 10705: 10688:Lesser grison ( 10677: 10676: 10674: 10664: 10625: 10543: 10542: 10540: 10530: 10506: 10482: 10456: 10392: 10391: 10389: 10375: 10324: 10276: 10275: 10273: 10265: 10241: 10222: 10209: 10188: 10160: 10127: 10088: 10087: 10085: 10077: 10031: 10030: 10028: 10018: 9981: 9980: 9978: 9968: 9935: 9905: 9872:S. angustifrons 9859: 9858: 9856: 9846: 9819:(stink badgers) 9818: 9817: 9815: 9805: 9797:Striped skunk ( 9772: 9766:C. semistriatus 9726: 9725: 9723: 9703: 9702: 9700: 9692: 9686:Ailurus fulgens 9666: 9633: 9583: 9582: 9580: 9572: 9544: 9543: 9541: 9527: 9503: 9480: 9479: 9477: 9463: 9462: 9460: 9444: 9402: 9369: 9325: 9293: 9292: 9290: 9276: 9274: 9273: 9271: 9259: 9172: 9155: 9131: 9110: 9077: 9051: 9018: 9013: 9011: 9010: 9008: 9004: 8999: 8973: 8969: 8941: 8921: 8904: 8903: 8877: 8826: 8791: 8767: 8738: 8736: 8726: 8705: 8634:Golden jackal ( 8618: 8592: 8554: 8552: 8540: 8471: 8465:Cerdocyon thous 8445: 8421: 8399: 8397: 8384: 8382: 8370: 8335:Rüppell's fox ( 8249: 8247: 8237: 8222:N. procyonoides 8204: 8196:Bat-eared fox ( 8178: 8143: 8139: 8125: 8121: 8089: 8074:H. pulverulenta 8029: 7987: 7943: 7910:U. semitorquata 7865:U. auropunctata 7847: 7808: 7757: 7724: 7707: 7674: 7657: 7619: 7617: 7612: 7611: 7595: 7562: 7545: 7512: 7506:Galidia elegans 7482: 7449: 7409: 7407: 7405: 7395: 7390: 7369: 7361:Spotted hyena ( 7345: 7328:Striped hyena ( 7314: 7312: 7304: 7275: 7273: 7257: 7232: 7192: 7130:Aquatic genet ( 7121:Pardine genet ( 7058:Angolan genet ( 7039: 7037: 7027: 7012:P. richardsonii 7000: 6998: 6975: 6958:Malayan civet ( 6924: 6916:African civet ( 6892: 6891: 6881: 6876: 6875: 6871: 6857: 6815: 6762: 6747:Diplogale hosei 6711: 6698: 6673: 6633: 6551: 6491: 6471: 6461: 6437: 6420: 6393: 6387: 6361:Eurasian lynx ( 6336: 6245: 6212: 6192: 6182: 6149: 6122: 6114: 6109: 6092: 6032: 5984: 5980: 5966: 5939: 5926: 5913: 5894: 5881: 5877: 5865: 5827: 5820: 5772:Wildentrust.org 5717: 5691: 5664: 5662:Further reading 5659: 5658: 5637: 5633: 5623: 5621: 5614:"The Pale Pack" 5612: 5611: 5607: 5597: 5595: 5586: 5585: 5581: 5568: 5567: 5563: 5544: 5543: 5539: 5532: 5518: 5514: 5497: 5490: 5480: 5478: 5470: 5469: 5465: 5456: 5452: 5435: 5431: 5396: 5392: 5383: 5379: 5369: 5367: 5356: 5352: 5336: 5326: 5322: 5313: 5309: 5269: 5263: 5256: 5207: 5203: 5196: 5182: 5178: 5171: 5157: 5153: 5112: 5108: 5097: 5093: 5076: 5072: 5043: 5039: 4998: 4994: 4963: 4959: 4926: 4922: 4911: 4902: 4885: 4881: 4848: 4844: 4791: 4787: 4726: 4722: 4715: 4701: 4697: 4687: 4685: 4675: 4671: 4616: 4612: 4577: 4573: 4524: 4520: 4493: 4486: 4471: 4470: 4466: 4433: 4429: 4410: 4406: 4379: 4370: 4347:10.1038/nrg2664 4331: 4327: 4268: 4259: 4210: 4203: 4193: 4191: 4182: 4181: 4177: 4167: 4165: 4156: 4155: 4151: 4141: 4139: 4125: 4121: 4088: 4084: 4077: 4051: 4047: 4016: 4012: 4005: 3989: 3985: 3950: 3946: 3939: 3925: 3918: 3911: 3897: 3884: 3833: 3829: 3806: 3802: 3786: 3780: 3776: 3769: 3747: 3743: 3716: 3712: 3705: 3691: 3678: 3667: 3663: 3636: 3632: 3613: 3602: 3564: 3560: 3533: 3529: 3519: 3517: 3509: 3508: 3504: 3494: 3492: 3485: 3481: 3462: 3458: 3449: 3440: 3423: 3398: 3383: 3356: 3352: 3307:Current Biology 3294: 3290: 3283: 3267: 3263: 3216: 3209: 3200: 3196: 3161: 3157: 3128: 3124: 3113: 3111: 3098:(#5): 832–836. 3092:L'Anthropologie 3084: 3080: 3064: 3058: 3054: 3001: 2997: 2968: 2961: 2945: 2941: 2922: 2918: 2908: 2906: 2898: 2897: 2893: 2883: 2881: 2871: 2867: 2860: 2842: 2838: 2831: 2813: 2802: 2791: 2784: 2774: 2772: 2759: 2758: 2754: 2745: 2744: 2740: 2730: 2728: 2713: 2709: 2698: 2678: 2669: 2662: 2646: 2642: 2635: 2619: 2610: 2600: 2598: 2586: 2585: 2578: 2569: 2565: 2555: 2553: 2523: 2510: 2473: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2451: 2443: 2439: 2434: 2391: 2384: 2377: 2370: 2367: 2331: 2326: 2294: 2256:origin of death 2248: 2227: 2219:dynastic period 2215:Hunters Palette 2180: 2175: 2159: 2120: 2099:kleptoparasites 2065: 2012:bat-eared foxes 2004:African buffalo 1956:blue wildebeest 1923:blue wildebeest 1896: 1887: 1862: 1853: 1824:breeding season 1755: 1750: 1738:Sanetti Plateau 1678: 1629:species complex 1588: 1514:W National Park 1482: 1478: 1477: 1448: 1444: 1401: 1399:L. p. somalicus 1397: 1395:Somali wild dog 1316: 1312: 1233: 1229: 1203: 1147: 1102: 933: 900:Paleontologist 867:Lycaon tricolor 812: 803: 794: 785: 721: 694: 665: 636: 607: 578: 549: 540: 504: 425: 3.5 400: 395: 386: 370:hunter-gatherer 363:kleptoparasites 271: 267: 265: 261: 241: 234: 228: 215: 103: 95: 84: 80: 73: 47: 36: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11738: 11728: 11727: 11722: 11717: 11712: 11707: 11702: 11697: 11692: 11687: 11685:Apex predators 11682: 11677: 11660: 11659: 11657: 11656: 11643: 11630: 11617: 11601: 11599: 11593: 11592: 11590: 11589: 11576: 11563: 11550: 11537: 11524: 11511: 11498: 11485: 11472: 11459: 11446: 11433: 11420: 11407: 11397: 11384: 11371: 11358: 11345: 11330: 11314: 11312: 11306: 11305: 11291: 11290: 11287: 11286: 11283: 11282: 11279: 11278: 11275: 11274: 11272: 11271: 11267:M. strigidorsa 11262: 11253: 11244: 11235: 11226: 11220:Least weasel ( 11217: 11208: 11199: 11190: 11181: 11172: 11166:Haida ermine ( 11163: 11154: 11150:M. eversmannii 11145: 11136: 11127: 11117: 11115: 11099: 11098: 11096: 11095: 11086: 11077: 11068: 11058: 11056: 11045: 11039: 11038: 11035: 11034: 11032: 11031: 11022: 11013: 11003: 11001: 10993: 10992: 10990: 10989: 10979: 10977: 10969: 10968: 10966: 10965: 10956: 10946: 10944: 10936: 10935: 10933: 10932: 10922: 10919: 10918: 10916: 10915: 10905: 10903: 10895: 10894: 10892: 10891: 10882: 10878:L. longicaudis 10873: 10867:Marine otter ( 10864: 10854: 10852: 10844: 10843: 10841: 10840: 10830: 10824: 10810: 10809: 10806: 10805: 10802: 10801: 10799: 10798: 10789: 10779: 10777: 10769: 10768: 10766: 10765: 10755: 10752: 10751: 10749: 10748: 10738: 10736: 10725: 10711: 10710: 10707: 10706: 10704: 10703: 10694: 10684: 10682: 10666: 10665: 10663: 10662: 10652: 10646: 10637: 10631: 10630: 10627: 10626: 10624: 10623: 10614: 10605: 10596: 10587: 10581:Beech marten ( 10578: 10569: 10560: 10550: 10548: 10532: 10531: 10529: 10528: 10518: 10516: 10508: 10507: 10505: 10504: 10494: 10492: 10484: 10483: 10481: 10480: 10470: 10464: 10458: 10457: 10455: 10454: 10445: 10436: 10427: 10418: 10409: 10399: 10397: 10381: 10380: 10377: 10376: 10374: 10373: 10364: 10358:Asian badger ( 10355: 10346: 10336: 10334: 10326: 10325: 10323: 10322: 10313: 10304: 10300:A. albogularis 10294: 10292: 10281: 10267: 10266: 10264: 10263: 10257:Honey badger ( 10253: 10251: 10243: 10242: 10240: 10239: 10229: 10223: 10218: 10211: 10210: 10198: 10197: 10194: 10193: 10190: 10189: 10187: 10186: 10185: 10184: 10178: 10176: 10170: 10169: 10166: 10165: 10162: 10161: 10159: 10158: 10149: 10139: 10137: 10129: 10128: 10126: 10125: 10116: 10106: 10104: 10093: 10079: 10078: 10076: 10075: 10066: 10057: 10048: 10038: 10036: 10020: 10019: 10017: 10016: 10007: 9998: 9994:P. cancrivorus 9988: 9986: 9970: 9969: 9967: 9966: 9962:B. sumichrasti 9957: 9947: 9945: 9937: 9936: 9934: 9933: 9923: 9917: 9911: 9910: 9907: 9906: 9904: 9903: 9894: 9885: 9876: 9866: 9864: 9848: 9847: 9845: 9844: 9835: 9825: 9823: 9807: 9806: 9804: 9803: 9794: 9788:Hooded skunk ( 9784: 9782: 9774: 9773: 9771: 9770: 9761: 9752: 9743: 9733: 9731: 9712: 9694: 9693: 9691: 9690: 9680: 9678: 9668: 9667: 9655: 9654: 9651: 9650: 9647: 9646: 9643: 9642: 9639: 9638: 9635: 9634: 9632: 9631: 9622: 9613: 9607:Weddell seal ( 9604: 9598:Leopard seal ( 9594: 9588: 9574: 9573: 9571: 9570: 9561: 9551: 9549: 9533: 9532: 9529: 9528: 9526: 9525: 9515: 9513: 9505: 9504: 9502: 9501: 9491: 9485: 9468: 9454: 9453: 9450: 9449: 9446: 9445: 9443: 9442: 9433: 9424: 9418:Caspian seal ( 9414: 9412: 9404: 9403: 9401: 9400: 9391: 9385:Spotted seal ( 9381: 9379: 9371: 9370: 9368: 9367: 9358: 9349: 9339: 9333: 9327: 9326: 9324: 9323: 9314: 9308:Bearded seal ( 9304: 9298: 9281: 9277:or true seals) 9275:(earless seals 9265: 9264: 9261: 9260: 9258: 9257: 9248: 9239: 9230: 9221: 9212: 9203: 9194: 9184: 9182: 9174: 9173: 9171: 9170: 9160: 9157: 9156: 9154: 9153: 9143: 9141: 9133: 9132: 9130: 9129: 9119: 9116: 9115: 9112: 9111: 9109: 9108: 9099: 9089: 9087: 9079: 9078: 9076: 9075: 9065: 9059: 9053: 9052: 9050: 9049: 9039: 9037: 9026: 9001: 9000: 8998: 8997: 8987: 8985: 8975: 8974: 8959: 8958: 8955: 8954: 8951: 8950: 8947: 8946: 8943: 8942: 8940: 8939: 8938: 8937: 8931: 8929: 8923: 8922: 8920: 8919: 8918: 8917: 8911: 8909: 8893: 8887: 8886: 8883: 8882: 8879: 8878: 8876: 8875: 8866: 8857: 8848: 8838: 8836: 8828: 8827: 8825: 8824: 8815: 8805: 8799: 8793: 8792: 8790: 8789: 8779: 8777: 8769: 8768: 8766: 8765: 8761:A. melanoleuca 8755: 8753: 8742: 8727: 8722: 8719: 8718: 8715: 8714: 8711: 8710: 8707: 8706: 8704: 8703: 8694: 8685: 8679:Eastern wolf ( 8676: 8667: 8661:African wolf ( 8658: 8649: 8643:Domestic dog ( 8640: 8630: 8628: 8620: 8619: 8617: 8616: 8607: 8597: 8594: 8593: 8591: 8590: 8581: 8571: 8569: 8558: 8546: 8545: 8542: 8541: 8539: 8538: 8529: 8523:Sechuran fox ( 8520: 8516:L. gymnocercus 8511: 8502: 8496:Darwin's fox ( 8493: 8483: 8481: 8473: 8472: 8470: 8469: 8460: 8450: 8447: 8446: 8444: 8443: 8433: 8431: 8423: 8422: 8420: 8419: 8409: 8403: 8388: 8376: 8375: 8372: 8371: 8369: 8368: 8359: 8350: 8341: 8332: 8323: 8314: 8305: 8296: 8287: 8278: 8269: 8265:V. bengalensis 8259: 8257: 8239: 8238: 8236: 8235: 8226: 8216: 8214: 8206: 8205: 8203: 8202: 8192: 8186: 8180: 8179: 8177: 8176: 8167: 8157: 8155: 8144: 8134: 8127: 8126: 8111: 8110: 8107: 8106: 8103: 8102: 8099: 8098: 8095: 8094: 8091: 8090: 8088: 8087: 8078: 8069: 8060: 8051: 8041: 8039: 8031: 8030: 8028: 8027: 8018: 8009: 8005:B. crassicauda 7999: 7997: 7989: 7988: 7986: 7985: 7976: 7967: 7958: 7948: 7945: 7944: 7942: 7941: 7932: 7923: 7914: 7905: 7896: 7887: 7878: 7869: 7859: 7857: 7849: 7848: 7846: 7845: 7836: 7826: 7820: 7814: 7813: 7810: 7809: 7807: 7806: 7797: 7788: 7779: 7769: 7767: 7759: 7758: 7756: 7755: 7746: 7736: 7734: 7726: 7725: 7723: 7722: 7712: 7709: 7708: 7706: 7705: 7696: 7686: 7684: 7676: 7675: 7673: 7672: 7662: 7659: 7658: 7656: 7655: 7645: 7643: 7632: 7623: 7605: 7604: 7601: 7600: 7597: 7596: 7594: 7593: 7584: 7574: 7572: 7564: 7563: 7561: 7560: 7550: 7547: 7546: 7544: 7543: 7539:G. grandidieri 7534: 7524: 7522: 7514: 7513: 7511: 7510: 7500: 7494: 7488: 7487: 7484: 7483: 7481: 7480: 7471: 7461: 7459: 7451: 7450: 7448: 7447: 7438: 7428: 7422: 7413: 7396: 7386: 7383: 7382: 7379: 7378: 7375: 7374: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7367: 7357: 7355: 7347: 7346: 7344: 7343: 7334: 7324: 7318: 7306: 7305: 7303: 7302: 7292: 7290: 7279: 7259: 7258: 7246: 7245: 7242: 7241: 7238: 7237: 7234: 7233: 7231: 7230: 7229: 7228: 7222: 7220: 7210: 7209: 7206: 7205: 7202: 7201: 7198: 7197: 7194: 7193: 7191: 7190: 7181: 7172: 7163: 7154: 7145: 7136: 7127: 7118: 7109: 7103:Letaba genet ( 7100: 7091: 7085:Common genet ( 7082: 7073: 7064: 7055: 7045: 7043: 7029: 7028: 7026: 7025: 7016: 7006: 7004: 6987: 6981: 6980: 6977: 6976: 6974: 6973: 6964: 6955: 6946: 6936: 6934: 6926: 6925: 6923: 6922: 6913: 6903: 6897: 6882: 6870: 6863: 6862: 6859: 6858: 6856: 6855: 6851:P. zeylonensis 6846: 6837: 6827: 6825: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6813: 6809:Paguma larvata 6804: 6795: 6786: 6776: 6770: 6764: 6763: 6761: 6760: 6751: 6742: 6733: 6723: 6721: 6712: 6707: 6700: 6699: 6687: 6686: 6683: 6682: 6679: 6678: 6675: 6674: 6672: 6671: 6670: 6669: 6663: 6661: 6655: 6654: 6651: 6650: 6647: 6646: 6643: 6642: 6639: 6638: 6635: 6634: 6632: 6631: 6622: 6613: 6604: 6595: 6586: 6580:Domestic cat ( 6577: 6567: 6565: 6557: 6556: 6553: 6552: 6550: 6549: 6540: 6536:P. rubiginosus 6531: 6522: 6513: 6509:P. bengalensis 6503: 6501: 6493: 6492: 6490: 6489: 6483:Pallas's cat ( 6479: 6473: 6467: 6466: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6459: 6449: 6447: 6439: 6438: 6436: 6435: 6425: 6422: 6421: 6419: 6418: 6408: 6406: 6395: 6389: 6388: 6386: 6385: 6376: 6370:Iberian lynx ( 6367: 6358: 6348: 6346: 6338: 6337: 6335: 6334: 6325: 6316: 6307: 6298: 6289: 6280: 6271: 6261: 6259: 6251: 6250: 6247: 6246: 6244: 6243: 6234: 6224: 6222: 6214: 6213: 6211: 6210: 6200: 6194: 6188: 6187: 6184: 6183: 6181: 6180: 6171: 6161: 6159: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6147: 6137: 6135: 6124: 6115: 6105: 6102: 6101: 6098: 6097: 6094: 6093: 6091: 6090: 6081: 6072: 6063: 6054: 6048:Snow leopard ( 6044: 6042: 6034: 6033: 6031: 6030: 6021: 6011: 6009: 5998: 5985: 5975: 5968: 5967: 5965: 5964: 5955: 5945: 5943: 5927: 5922: 5915: 5914: 5912: 5911: 5901: 5895: 5890: 5883: 5882: 5867: 5866: 5864: 5863: 5861:Laurasiatheria 5857: 5851: 5845: 5839: 5832: 5829: 5828: 5819: 5818: 5811: 5804: 5796: 5790: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5724: 5721:painteddog.org 5716: 5715:External links 5713: 5712: 5711: 5689: 5669:Van Lawick, H. 5663: 5660: 5657: 5656: 5631: 5605: 5579: 5561: 5537: 5530: 5512: 5488: 5463: 5450: 5429: 5390: 5377: 5350: 5320: 5307: 5254: 5223:10.1086/303189 5217:(5): 492–508. 5201: 5194: 5176: 5169: 5151: 5106: 5091: 5070: 5057:(1): 108–176. 5037: 4992: 4973:(2): 526–538. 4957: 4944:(2): 132–142. 4920: 4900: 4879: 4866:(1): 181–193. 4842: 4785: 4720: 4713: 4695: 4669: 4630:(7): e101054. 4610: 4591:(2): 231–240. 4571: 4518: 4507:(4): 543–551. 4484: 4473:"Painted Wolf" 4464: 4427: 4404: 4393:(2): 207–215. 4368: 4341:(11): 783–96. 4325: 4257: 4201: 4175: 4149: 4119: 4100:(4): 637–659. 4082: 4075: 4045: 4032:(2): 365–372. 4010: 4003: 3983: 3944: 3937: 3916: 3909: 3882: 3827: 3800: 3774: 3767: 3741: 3730:(2): 207–215. 3710: 3703: 3676: 3661: 3650:(1): 163–173. 3630: 3600: 3578:(2): 143–151. 3558: 3527: 3502: 3479: 3456: 3438: 3396: 3381: 3350: 3288: 3281: 3261: 3234:(2): 299–308. 3222:Lycaon sekowei 3207: 3194: 3165:Canis etruscus 3155: 3142:(#2): 77–120. 3122: 3078: 3052: 2995: 2959: 2939: 2916: 2891: 2865: 2858: 2836: 2829: 2800: 2782: 2752: 2738: 2721:Temminck 1820" 2707: 2696: 2667: 2660: 2640: 2633: 2608: 2576: 2563: 2508: 2487:(8): 695–702. 2459: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2449: 2436: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2429: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2397: 2396: 2393:Animals portal 2382: 2379:Mammals portal 2366: 2363: 2362: 2361: 2348: 2338: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2293: 2290: 2247: 2244: 2226: 2223: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2158: 2155: 2119: 2116: 2110:, such as the 2104:apex predators 2097:are important 2095:Spotted hyenas 2064: 2061: 1929:, South Africa 1895: 1892: 1886: 1883: 1874:Okavango Delta 1861: 1858: 1852: 1849: 1832:copulatory tie 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1722:Bale Mountains 1718:Harenna Forest 1677: 1674: 1587: 1584: 1538: 1537: 1529: 1498:central Africa 1494: 1471: 1470: 1462: 1455: 1446:L. p. sharicus 1438: 1437: 1413: 1409: 1391: 1390: 1330: 1327: 1306: 1305: 1303:(Thomas, 1904) 1261: 1244: 1223: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1202: 1199: 1156:Lycaon sekowei 1146: 1143: 1114:Lycaon sekowei 1070:. The species 1044:and the genus 1024:, Israel. The 941:Mauricio Antón 932: 929: 863:Joshua Brookes 814: 813: 809: 808: 805: 804: 800: 799: 796: 795: 791: 790: 787: 786: 782: 781: 778: 777: 765: 762: 761: 758: 757: 745: 740: 738: 732: 730: 727: 726: 723: 722: 718: 717: 714: 713: 703: 700: 699: 696: 695: 691: 690: 687: 686: 674: 671: 670: 667: 666: 662: 661: 658: 657: 649:Ethiopian wolf 645: 642: 641: 638: 637: 633: 632: 629: 628: 616: 613: 612: 609: 608: 604: 603: 600: 599: 587: 584: 583: 580: 579: 575: 574: 571: 570: 558: 555: 554: 551: 550: 546: 545: 542: 541: 537: 536: 533: 532: 520: 517: 516: 513: 512: 498: 493: 491: 486: 484: 479: 477: 471: 469: 463: 461: 455: 453: 447: 445: 439: 437: 431: 429: 417: 414: 413: 399: 396: 394: 391: 385: 382: 359:spotted hyenas 273: 272: 266: 260: 252: 251: 243: 242: 235: 224: 223: 217: 216: 212:L. pictus 209: 207: 203: 202: 195: 191: 190: 185: 181: 180: 175: 171: 170: 165: 161: 160: 155: 151: 150: 145: 141: 140: 135: 131: 130: 125: 121: 120: 115: 111: 110: 97: 96: 78: 75: 74: 69: 66: 65: 58: 57: 49: 48: 37: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11737: 11726: 11723: 11721: 11718: 11716: 11713: 11711: 11708: 11706: 11703: 11701: 11698: 11696: 11693: 11691: 11688: 11686: 11683: 11681: 11678: 11676: 11673: 11672: 11670: 11653: 11648: 11644: 11640: 11635: 11631: 11627: 11622: 11618: 11613: 11607: 11603: 11602: 11600: 11598: 11594: 11586: 11581: 11577: 11573: 11568: 11564: 11560: 11555: 11551: 11547: 11542: 11538: 11534: 11529: 11525: 11521: 11516: 11512: 11508: 11503: 11499: 11495: 11490: 11486: 11482: 11477: 11473: 11469: 11464: 11460: 11456: 11451: 11447: 11443: 11438: 11434: 11430: 11425: 11421: 11417: 11412: 11408: 11404: 11398: 11394: 11393:lycaon-pictus 11389: 11385: 11381: 11376: 11372: 11368: 11363: 11359: 11355: 11354:lycaon-pictus 11350: 11346: 11341: 11340:Lycaon pictus 11335: 11331: 11326: 11320: 11316: 11315: 11313: 11311: 11310:Lycaon pictus 11307: 11303: 11298: 11270: 11268: 11263: 11261: 11259: 11254: 11252: 11250: 11245: 11243: 11241: 11236: 11234: 11232: 11227: 11225: 11223: 11218: 11216: 11214: 11209: 11207: 11205: 11204:M. lutreolina 11200: 11198: 11196: 11191: 11189: 11187: 11182: 11180: 11178: 11173: 11171: 11169: 11164: 11162: 11160: 11155: 11153: 11151: 11146: 11144: 11142: 11137: 11135: 11133: 11128: 11126: 11124: 11119: 11118: 11116: 11106: 11105: 11100: 11094: 11092: 11087: 11085: 11083: 11078: 11076: 11074: 11069: 11067: 11065: 11060: 11059: 11057: 11055: 11054: 11049: 11046: 11044: 11040: 11030: 11028: 11023: 11021: 11019: 11014: 11012: 11010: 11005: 11004: 11002: 11000: 10999: 10994: 10988: 10986: 10981: 10980: 10978: 10976: 10975: 10970: 10964: 10962: 10957: 10955: 10953: 10948: 10947: 10945: 10943: 10942: 10937: 10931: 10929: 10924: 10923: 10920: 10914: 10912: 10907: 10906: 10904: 10902: 10901: 10896: 10890: 10888: 10883: 10881: 10879: 10874: 10872: 10870: 10865: 10863: 10861: 10860:L. canadensis 10856: 10855: 10853: 10851: 10850: 10845: 10839: 10837: 10834:Giant otter ( 10832: 10831: 10828: 10825: 10815: 10811: 10797: 10795: 10790: 10788: 10786: 10781: 10780: 10778: 10776: 10775: 10770: 10764: 10762: 10757: 10756: 10753: 10747: 10745: 10740: 10739: 10737: 10735: 10734: 10729: 10726: 10716: 10712: 10702: 10700: 10695: 10693: 10691: 10686: 10685: 10683: 10673: 10672: 10667: 10661: 10659: 10654: 10653: 10650: 10647: 10645: 10641: 10638: 10636: 10632: 10622: 10620: 10615: 10613: 10611: 10606: 10604: 10602: 10597: 10595: 10593: 10592:M. gwatkinsii 10588: 10586: 10584: 10579: 10577: 10575: 10570: 10568: 10566: 10561: 10559: 10557: 10552: 10551: 10549: 10539: 10538: 10533: 10527: 10525: 10520: 10519: 10517: 10515: 10514: 10509: 10503: 10501: 10496: 10495: 10493: 10491: 10490: 10485: 10479: 10477: 10472: 10471: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10459: 10453: 10451: 10446: 10444: 10442: 10437: 10435: 10433: 10432:M. orientalis 10428: 10426: 10424: 10419: 10417: 10415: 10410: 10408: 10406: 10401: 10400: 10398: 10388: 10387: 10382: 10372: 10370: 10365: 10363: 10361: 10356: 10354: 10352: 10347: 10345: 10343: 10338: 10337: 10335: 10333: 10332: 10327: 10321: 10319: 10314: 10312: 10310: 10305: 10303: 10301: 10296: 10295: 10293: 10291: 10290: 10285: 10282: 10272: 10268: 10262: 10260: 10255: 10254: 10252: 10250: 10249: 10244: 10238: 10236: 10235:Taxidea taxus 10231: 10230: 10227: 10224: 10221: 10216: 10212: 10208: 10203: 10199: 10182: 10181: 10180: 10179: 10177: 10175: 10171: 10157: 10155: 10150: 10148: 10146: 10145:N. meridensis 10141: 10140: 10138: 10136: 10135: 10130: 10124: 10122: 10117: 10115: 10113: 10108: 10107: 10105: 10103: 10102: 10097: 10094: 10084: 10080: 10074: 10072: 10067: 10065: 10063: 10058: 10056: 10054: 10049: 10047: 10045: 10040: 10039: 10037: 10027: 10026: 10021: 10015: 10013: 10008: 10006: 10004: 9999: 9997: 9995: 9990: 9989: 9987: 9977: 9976: 9971: 9965: 9963: 9958: 9956: 9954: 9949: 9948: 9946: 9944: 9943: 9938: 9932: 9930: 9925: 9924: 9921: 9918: 9916: 9912: 9902: 9900: 9895: 9893: 9891: 9886: 9884: 9882: 9877: 9875: 9873: 9868: 9867: 9865: 9855: 9854: 9849: 9843: 9841: 9836: 9834: 9832: 9831:M. javanensis 9827: 9826: 9824: 9814: 9813: 9808: 9802: 9800: 9795: 9793: 9791: 9786: 9785: 9783: 9781: 9780: 9775: 9769: 9767: 9762: 9760: 9758: 9757:C. leuconotus 9753: 9751: 9749: 9748:C. humboldtii 9744: 9742: 9740: 9735: 9734: 9732: 9722: 9721: 9716: 9713: 9707: 9699: 9695: 9689: 9687: 9682: 9681: 9679: 9677: 9673: 9669: 9665: 9660: 9656: 9630: 9628: 9623: 9621: 9619: 9614: 9612: 9610: 9605: 9603: 9601: 9596: 9595: 9592: 9589: 9579: 9575: 9569: 9567: 9562: 9560: 9558: 9553: 9552: 9550: 9540: 9539: 9534: 9524: 9522: 9517: 9516: 9514: 9512: 9511: 9506: 9500: 9498: 9493: 9492: 9489: 9486: 9476: 9472: 9469: 9459: 9455: 9441: 9439: 9436:Baikal seal ( 9434: 9432: 9430: 9427:Ringed seal ( 9425: 9423: 9421: 9416: 9415: 9413: 9411: 9410: 9405: 9399: 9397: 9394:Harbor seal ( 9392: 9390: 9388: 9383: 9382: 9380: 9378: 9377: 9372: 9366: 9364: 9359: 9357: 9355: 9352:Ribbon seal ( 9350: 9348: 9346: 9341: 9340: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9328: 9322: 9320: 9317:Hooded seal ( 9315: 9313: 9311: 9306: 9305: 9302: 9299: 9289: 9285: 9282: 9270: 9266: 9256: 9254: 9253:A. tropicalis 9249: 9247: 9245: 9240: 9238: 9236: 9231: 9229: 9227: 9222: 9220: 9218: 9213: 9211: 9209: 9204: 9202: 9200: 9195: 9193: 9191: 9186: 9185: 9183: 9181: 9180: 9179:Arctocephalus 9175: 9169: 9167: 9162: 9161: 9158: 9152: 9150: 9145: 9144: 9142: 9140: 9139: 9134: 9128: 9126: 9121: 9120: 9117: 9107: 9105: 9104:Z. wollebaeki 9100: 9098: 9096: 9091: 9090: 9088: 9086: 9085: 9080: 9074: 9072: 9067: 9066: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9054: 9048: 9046: 9041: 9040: 9038: 9036: 9035: 9030: 9027: 9021: 9016: 9012:(eared seals: 9007: 9002: 8996: 8994: 8989: 8988: 8986: 8984: 8980: 8976: 8972: 8964: 8960: 8935: 8934: 8933: 8932: 8930: 8928: 8924: 8915: 8914: 8913: 8912: 8910: 8901: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8888: 8874: 8872: 8867: 8865: 8863: 8858: 8856: 8854: 8853:U. thibetanus 8849: 8847: 8845: 8844:U. americanus 8840: 8839: 8837: 8835: 8834: 8829: 8823: 8821: 8816: 8814: 8812: 8807: 8806: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8794: 8788: 8786: 8781: 8780: 8778: 8776: 8775: 8770: 8764: 8762: 8759:Giant panda ( 8757: 8756: 8754: 8752: 8751: 8746: 8743: 8735: 8731: 8728: 8725: 8720: 8702: 8700: 8695: 8693: 8691: 8686: 8684: 8682: 8677: 8675: 8673: 8668: 8666: 8664: 8659: 8657: 8655: 8650: 8648: 8646: 8645:C. familiaris 8641: 8639: 8637: 8632: 8631: 8629: 8627: 8626: 8621: 8615: 8613: 8608: 8606: 8604: 8603:Lycaon pictus 8599: 8598: 8595: 8589: 8587: 8582: 8580: 8578: 8573: 8572: 8570: 8568: 8567: 8562: 8559: 8551: 8547: 8537: 8535: 8530: 8528: 8526: 8521: 8519: 8517: 8512: 8510: 8508: 8503: 8501: 8499: 8494: 8492: 8490: 8485: 8484: 8482: 8480: 8479: 8474: 8468: 8466: 8461: 8459: 8457: 8452: 8451: 8448: 8442: 8440: 8435: 8434: 8432: 8430: 8429: 8424: 8418: 8416: 8411: 8410: 8407: 8404: 8396: 8392: 8389: 8381: 8377: 8367: 8365: 8360: 8358: 8356: 8351: 8349: 8347: 8342: 8340: 8338: 8333: 8331: 8329: 8324: 8322: 8320: 8315: 8313: 8311: 8306: 8304: 8302: 8299:Tibetan fox ( 8297: 8295: 8293: 8288: 8286: 8284: 8279: 8277: 8275: 8270: 8268: 8266: 8261: 8260: 8258: 8253: 8246: 8245: 8240: 8234: 8232: 8231:N. viverrinus 8227: 8225: 8223: 8218: 8217: 8215: 8213: 8212: 8207: 8201: 8199: 8194: 8193: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8181: 8175: 8173: 8172:U. littoralis 8168: 8166: 8164: 8159: 8158: 8156: 8154: 8153: 8148: 8145: 8137: 8132: 8128: 8124: 8116: 8112: 8086: 8084: 8079: 8077: 8075: 8070: 8068: 8066: 8061: 8059: 8057: 8052: 8050: 8048: 8047:H. flavescens 8043: 8042: 8040: 8038: 8037: 8032: 8026: 8024: 8019: 8017: 8015: 8010: 8008: 8006: 8001: 8000: 7998: 7996: 7995: 7990: 7984: 7982: 7977: 7975: 7973: 7968: 7966: 7964: 7959: 7957: 7955: 7950: 7949: 7946: 7940: 7938: 7937:U. vitticolla 7933: 7931: 7929: 7924: 7922: 7920: 7915: 7913: 7911: 7906: 7904: 7902: 7897: 7895: 7893: 7888: 7886: 7884: 7879: 7877: 7875: 7870: 7868: 7866: 7861: 7860: 7858: 7856: 7855: 7850: 7844: 7842: 7841:Xenogale naso 7837: 7835: 7833: 7828: 7827: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7815: 7805: 7803: 7798: 7796: 7794: 7789: 7787: 7785: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7771: 7770: 7768: 7766: 7765: 7760: 7754: 7752: 7747: 7745: 7743: 7738: 7737: 7735: 7733: 7732: 7727: 7721: 7719: 7714: 7713: 7710: 7704: 7702: 7697: 7695: 7693: 7688: 7687: 7685: 7683: 7682: 7677: 7671: 7669: 7664: 7663: 7660: 7654: 7652: 7647: 7646: 7644: 7642: 7641: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7627: 7624: 7615: 7614:sensu stricto 7610: 7606: 7592: 7590: 7585: 7583: 7581: 7576: 7575: 7573: 7571: 7570: 7565: 7559: 7557: 7552: 7551: 7548: 7542: 7540: 7535: 7533: 7531: 7526: 7525: 7523: 7521: 7520: 7515: 7509: 7507: 7502: 7501: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7489: 7479: 7477: 7472: 7470: 7468: 7463: 7462: 7460: 7458: 7457: 7452: 7446: 7444: 7443:Fossa fossana 7439: 7437: 7435: 7430: 7429: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7417: 7414: 7404: 7400: 7397: 7393: 7389: 7384: 7366: 7364: 7359: 7358: 7356: 7354: 7353: 7348: 7342: 7340: 7337:Brown hyena ( 7335: 7333: 7331: 7330:Hyaena hyaena 7326: 7325: 7322: 7319: 7311: 7307: 7301: 7299: 7294: 7293: 7291: 7289: 7288: 7283: 7280: 7272: 7268: 7264: 7260: 7256: 7251: 7247: 7226: 7225: 7224: 7223: 7221: 7219: 7215: 7211: 7189: 7187: 7182: 7180: 7178: 7173: 7171: 7169: 7164: 7162: 7160: 7157:Hausa genet ( 7155: 7153: 7151: 7146: 7144: 7142: 7137: 7135: 7133: 7128: 7126: 7124: 7119: 7117: 7115: 7110: 7108: 7106: 7101: 7099: 7097: 7092: 7090: 7088: 7083: 7081: 7079: 7074: 7072: 7070: 7065: 7063: 7061: 7060:G. angolensis 7056: 7054: 7052: 7051:G. abyssinica 7047: 7046: 7044: 7036: 7035: 7030: 7024: 7022: 7017: 7015: 7013: 7008: 7007: 7005: 6997: 6996: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6982: 6972: 6970: 6965: 6963: 6961: 6960:V. tangalunga 6956: 6954: 6952: 6947: 6945: 6943: 6938: 6937: 6935: 6933: 6932: 6927: 6921: 6919: 6914: 6912: 6910: 6905: 6904: 6901: 6898: 6895: 6894:sensu stricto 6890: 6886: 6883: 6879: 6874: 6868: 6864: 6854: 6852: 6847: 6845: 6843: 6838: 6836: 6834: 6829: 6828: 6826: 6824: 6823: 6818: 6812: 6810: 6805: 6803: 6801: 6796: 6794: 6792: 6787: 6785: 6783: 6778: 6777: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6768:Paradoxurinae 6765: 6759: 6757: 6752: 6750: 6748: 6743: 6741: 6739: 6736:Otter civet ( 6734: 6732: 6730: 6725: 6724: 6722: 6720: 6716: 6713: 6710: 6705: 6701: 6697: 6692: 6688: 6667: 6666: 6665: 6664: 6662: 6660: 6656: 6630: 6628: 6627:F. silvestris 6623: 6621: 6619: 6614: 6612: 6610: 6605: 6603: 6601: 6596: 6594: 6592: 6587: 6585: 6583: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6569: 6568: 6566: 6564: 6563: 6558: 6548: 6546: 6545:P. viverrinus 6543:Fishing cat ( 6541: 6539: 6537: 6532: 6530: 6528: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6518:P. javanensis 6514: 6512: 6510: 6507:Leopard cat ( 6505: 6504: 6502: 6500: 6499: 6494: 6488: 6486: 6481: 6480: 6477: 6474: 6468: 6458: 6456: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6446: 6445: 6440: 6434: 6432: 6427: 6426: 6423: 6417: 6415: 6410: 6409: 6407: 6405: 6404: 6399: 6396: 6390: 6384: 6382: 6377: 6375: 6373: 6368: 6366: 6364: 6359: 6357: 6355: 6354:L. canadensis 6352:Canada lynx ( 6350: 6349: 6347: 6345: 6344: 6339: 6333: 6331: 6326: 6324: 6322: 6317: 6315: 6313: 6308: 6306: 6304: 6299: 6297: 6295: 6290: 6288: 6286: 6281: 6279: 6277: 6272: 6270: 6268: 6263: 6262: 6260: 6258: 6257: 6252: 6242: 6240: 6235: 6233: 6231: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6221: 6220: 6215: 6209: 6207: 6202: 6201: 6198: 6195: 6189: 6179: 6177: 6176:C. temminckii 6172: 6170: 6168: 6163: 6162: 6160: 6158: 6157: 6152: 6146: 6144: 6141:Marbled cat ( 6139: 6138: 6136: 6134: 6133: 6128: 6125: 6119: 6116: 6112: 6111:sensu stricto 6108: 6103: 6089: 6087: 6082: 6080: 6078: 6073: 6071: 6069: 6064: 6062: 6060: 6055: 6053: 6051: 6046: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6040: 6035: 6029: 6027: 6022: 6020: 6018: 6013: 6012: 6010: 6008: 6007: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5993: 5989: 5986: 5978: 5973: 5969: 5963: 5961: 5960:P. pardicolor 5956: 5954: 5952: 5947: 5946: 5944: 5937: 5936: 5931: 5928: 5925: 5920: 5916: 5910: 5908: 5903: 5902: 5899: 5896: 5893: 5888: 5884: 5880: 5872: 5868: 5862: 5858: 5856: 5852: 5850: 5846: 5844: 5840: 5838: 5834: 5833: 5830: 5825: 5817: 5812: 5810: 5805: 5803: 5798: 5797: 5794: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5728: 5725: 5722: 5719: 5718: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5686: 5681: 5680: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5665: 5652: 5648: 5647: 5642: 5635: 5619: 5615: 5609: 5593: 5589: 5583: 5575: 5571: 5565: 5557: 5553: 5552: 5547: 5541: 5533: 5527: 5523: 5516: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5495: 5493: 5477: 5473: 5467: 5460: 5454: 5447: 5443: 5441: 5440:Lycaon pictus 5438:The dog, the 5433: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5394: 5387: 5381: 5365: 5361: 5354: 5346: 5342: 5335: 5333: 5332:Lycaon pictus 5324: 5317: 5311: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5268: 5261: 5259: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5205: 5197: 5191: 5187: 5180: 5172: 5166: 5162: 5155: 5146: 5141: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5119: 5118:Lycaon pictus 5110: 5102: 5095: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5074: 5065: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5041: 5032: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5011: 5007: 5005: 5004:Lycaon pictus 4996: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4961: 4952: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4933: 4932:Lycaon pictus 4924: 4916: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4883: 4874: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4855: 4854:Lycaon pictus 4846: 4838: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4789: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4724: 4716: 4710: 4706: 4699: 4684: 4680: 4673: 4665: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4614: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4581:Lycaon pictus 4575: 4567: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4531: 4530:Lycaon pictus 4522: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4497:Lycaon pictus 4491: 4489: 4480: 4479: 4474: 4468: 4459: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4440: 4439:Lycaon pictus 4431: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4408: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4383:Lycaon pictus 4377: 4375: 4373: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4329: 4321: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4286:(5): e37181. 4285: 4281: 4277: 4275: 4274:Lycaon pictus 4266: 4264: 4262: 4253: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4217: 4216:Lycaon pictus 4208: 4206: 4189: 4185: 4179: 4163: 4159: 4153: 4138: 4134: 4132: 4131:Lycaon pictus 4123: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4094: 4086: 4078: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4049: 4040: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4026: 4021: 4014: 4006: 4000: 3996: 3995: 3987: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3954:Lycaon pictus 3948: 3940: 3934: 3930: 3923: 3921: 3912: 3906: 3902: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3878: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3840: 3839:Lycaon pictus 3831: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3813: 3812:Lycaon pictus 3804: 3796: 3792: 3785: 3778: 3770: 3764: 3759: 3758: 3752: 3745: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3720:Lycaon pictus 3714: 3706: 3700: 3696: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3673: 3672: 3665: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3640:Lycaon pictus 3634: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3618: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3595: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3562: 3553: 3548: 3544: 3543: 3540:Lycaon pictus 3539: 3531: 3516: 3512: 3506: 3490: 3483: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3460: 3453: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3378: 3374: 3373: 3368: 3367:Wilson, D. E. 3364: 3360: 3354: 3346: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3302: 3292: 3284: 3278: 3274: 3273: 3265: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3223: 3214: 3212: 3204: 3198: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3159: 3150: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3126: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3082: 3075:(2): 293–302. 3074: 3070: 3063: 3056: 3048: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 2999: 2990: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2966: 2964: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2943: 2935: 2931: 2929: 2928:Lycaon pictus 2920: 2905: 2901: 2895: 2880: 2876: 2869: 2861: 2855: 2850: 2849: 2840: 2832: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2797: 2796: 2789: 2787: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2756: 2748: 2742: 2726: 2722: 2720: 2711: 2703: 2699: 2693: 2689: 2688: 2683: 2682:Lycaon pictus 2676: 2674: 2672: 2663: 2657: 2653: 2652: 2644: 2636: 2630: 2626: 2625: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2597: 2596:Wildafrica.cz 2593: 2591: 2590:Lycaon pictus 2583: 2581: 2574:, 3:54, pl.35 2573: 2567: 2551: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2537: 2532: 2530: 2529:Lycaon pictus 2521: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2503: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2460: 2447: 2441: 2437: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2398: 2394: 2388: 2383: 2380: 2374: 2369: 2359: 2355: 2353: 2349: 2346: 2345:Charles Dance 2342: 2341:The Pale Pack 2339: 2336: 2333: 2332: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2289: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2274: 2270: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2243: 2240: 2239:Tigray Region 2236: 2232: 2231:Enno Littmann 2229:According to 2222: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2178:Ancient Egypt 2170: 2168: 2164: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2115: 2113: 2112:martial eagle 2109: 2105: 2100: 2096: 2091: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2074: 2069: 2060: 2056: 2053: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2031: 2029: 2025: 2019: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 2000:plains zebras 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1980:common duiker 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1952:Cape bushbuck 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1928: 1924: 1919: 1915: 1913: 1905: 1900: 1891: 1882: 1879: 1875: 1866: 1857: 1848: 1846: 1841: 1838: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1816: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1805:red colobuses 1802: 1798: 1794: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1774:Park and the 1767: 1759: 1745: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1673: 1669: 1667: 1663: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1627: 1618: 1614: 1613: 1608: 1603: 1597: 1592: 1583: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1550: 1549:mitochondrial 1546: 1534: 1530: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1492: 1485: 1481: 1476: 1473: 1472: 1467: 1463: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1447: 1443: 1440: 1439: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1407: 1400: 1396: 1393: 1392: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1319: 1315: 1314:L. p. lupinus 1311: 1308: 1307: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1245: 1242: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1227:Cape wild dog 1225: 1224: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1198: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1167: 1158: 1157: 1151: 1142: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1115: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1058:to the early 1057: 1053: 1049: 1048: 1043: 1039: 1038: 1034: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1014: 1012: 1011:gene transfer 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 971:spotted hyena 968: 964: 960: 956: 948: 947: 942: 937: 928: 926: 922: 918: 915: 911: 907: 903: 898: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 839: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 807: 806: 798: 797: 789: 788: 780: 779: 776: 774: 770: 764: 763: 760: 759: 756: 754: 750: 744: 743: 736: 735: 729: 728: 725: 724: 716: 715: 712: 710: 702: 701: 698: 697: 689: 688: 685: 683: 679: 673: 672: 669: 668: 660: 659: 656: 654: 650: 644: 643: 640: 639: 631: 630: 627: 625: 621: 620:Golden jackal 615: 614: 611: 610: 602: 601: 598: 596: 592: 586: 585: 582: 581: 573: 572: 569: 567: 563: 557: 556: 553: 552: 544: 543: 535: 534: 531: 529: 525: 519: 518: 515: 514: 511: 508: 503: 497: 496: 490: 489: 483: 482: 475: 474: 467: 466: 459: 458: 451: 450: 443: 442: 435: 434: 428: 424: 421: 420: 416: 415: 411: 407: 404: 403: 390: 381: 379: 375: 371: 366: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 343: 341: 340:IUCN Red List 337: 333: 328: 326: 322: 318: 317: 312: 311: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 285: 284:Lycaon pictus 280: 258: 253: 249: 244: 239: 233: 231: 230:Lycaon pictus 225: 222: 221:Binomial name 218: 214: 213: 208: 205: 204: 201: 200: 196: 193: 192: 189: 186: 183: 182: 179: 176: 173: 172: 169: 166: 163: 162: 159: 156: 153: 152: 149: 146: 143: 142: 139: 136: 133: 132: 129: 126: 123: 122: 119: 116: 113: 112: 107: 102: 98: 92: 87: 76: 72: 67: 64: 59: 55: 50: 45: 41: 33: 30: 19: 18:Cape wild dog 11597:Hyaena picta 11596: 11309: 11266: 11257: 11248: 11239: 11230: 11221: 11212: 11203: 11194: 11185: 11176: 11167: 11158: 11149: 11140: 11131: 11122: 11102: 11090: 11081: 11072: 11063: 11051: 11026: 11017: 11008: 10996: 10984: 10972: 10961:L. sumatrana 10960: 10951: 10939: 10927: 10910: 10898: 10886: 10877: 10868: 10859: 10847: 10835: 10793: 10784: 10772: 10760: 10744:V. peregusna 10743: 10731: 10698: 10689: 10669: 10657: 10644:Lyncodontini 10635:Ictonychinae 10619:M. zibellina 10618: 10609: 10600: 10591: 10582: 10574:M. flavigula 10573: 10564: 10556:M. americana 10555: 10535: 10523: 10511: 10499: 10487: 10476:Eira barbara 10475: 10449: 10441:M. personata 10440: 10431: 10422: 10413: 10404: 10384: 10368: 10359: 10351:M. canescens 10350: 10341: 10329: 10317: 10308: 10299: 10287: 10258: 10246: 10234: 10153: 10144: 10132: 10120: 10111: 10099: 10070: 10061: 10052: 10043: 10023: 10011: 10002: 9993: 9973: 9961: 9960:Cacomistle ( 9952: 9940: 9929:Potos flavus 9928: 9898: 9889: 9880: 9871: 9851: 9839: 9830: 9810: 9798: 9789: 9777: 9765: 9756: 9747: 9738: 9718: 9685: 9626: 9617: 9608: 9599: 9565: 9556: 9536: 9520: 9508: 9496: 9481:(monk seals) 9437: 9428: 9419: 9407: 9395: 9386: 9374: 9362: 9353: 9344: 9318: 9309: 9252: 9244:A. townsendi 9243: 9234: 9226:A. philippii 9225: 9216: 9207: 9198: 9190:A. australis 9189: 9177: 9165: 9148: 9136: 9124: 9103: 9094: 9082: 9070: 9044: 9032: 8992: 8871:U. maritimus 8870: 8869:Polar bear ( 8861: 8860:Brown bear ( 8852: 8843: 8831: 8819: 8810: 8809:Sloth bear ( 8784: 8772: 8760: 8748: 8698: 8689: 8680: 8671: 8662: 8653: 8644: 8635: 8623: 8612:Cuon alpinus 8611: 8602: 8600: 8586:L. mesomelas 8585: 8576: 8564: 8533: 8524: 8515: 8514:Pampas fox ( 8506: 8497: 8488: 8476: 8464: 8455: 8439:S. venaticus 8438: 8426: 8414: 8413:Maned wolf ( 8395:Cerdocyonina 8363: 8362:Fennec fox ( 8354: 8345: 8337:V. rueppelli 8336: 8327: 8318: 8309: 8308:Arctic fox ( 8301:V. ferrilata 8300: 8291: 8290:Corsac fox ( 8282: 8273: 8264: 8263:Bengal fox ( 8242: 8230: 8221: 8209: 8197: 8171: 8170:Island fox ( 8162: 8150: 8083:H. sanguinea 8082: 8073: 8064: 8056:H. ichneumon 8055: 8046: 8034: 8022: 8013: 8004: 7992: 7980: 7971: 7962: 7953: 7936: 7927: 7918: 7909: 7900: 7891: 7883:U. edwardsii 7882: 7874:U. brachyura 7873: 7864: 7852: 7840: 7831: 7801: 7792: 7783: 7775:C. alexandri 7774: 7762: 7750: 7741: 7729: 7717: 7700: 7692:M. gambianus 7691: 7679: 7667: 7651:S. suricatta 7650: 7638: 7613: 7588: 7579: 7567: 7555: 7538: 7529: 7517: 7505: 7475: 7466: 7454: 7442: 7433: 7410:carnivorans) 7391: 7362: 7350: 7338: 7329: 7297: 7285: 7255:Herpestoidea 7218:Herpestoidea 7185: 7177:G. victoriae 7176: 7167: 7166:Cape genet ( 7158: 7150:G. servalina 7149: 7140: 7139:King genet ( 7132:G. piscivora 7131: 7122: 7113: 7104: 7096:G. johnstoni 7095: 7086: 7077: 7068: 7059: 7050: 7032: 7021:P. leightoni 7020: 7011: 6993: 6968: 6959: 6951:V. megaspila 6950: 6942:V. civettina 6941: 6929: 6917: 6908: 6893: 6877: 6850: 6841: 6832: 6820: 6808: 6799: 6790: 6781: 6755: 6746: 6737: 6728: 6626: 6617: 6609:F. margarita 6608: 6599: 6590: 6589:Jungle cat ( 6581: 6572: 6560: 6544: 6535: 6527:P. planiceps 6526: 6517: 6508: 6498:Prionailurus 6496: 6484: 6454: 6442: 6430: 6429:Jaguarundi ( 6413: 6401: 6380: 6371: 6362: 6353: 6341: 6329: 6320: 6311: 6302: 6293: 6284: 6276:L. geoffroyi 6275: 6266: 6265:Pampas cat ( 6254: 6238: 6229: 6217: 6205: 6175: 6166: 6154: 6143:P. marmorata 6142: 6130: 6110: 6085: 6076: 6067: 6058: 6049: 6037: 6025: 6016: 6004: 5959: 5950: 5933: 5906: 5859:Superorder: 5853:Infraclass: 5678: 5644: 5634: 5622:. Retrieved 5617: 5608: 5596:. Retrieved 5591: 5582: 5574:The Safarist 5573: 5564: 5556:the original 5549: 5540: 5521: 5515: 5499: 5479:. Retrieved 5475: 5466: 5453: 5445: 5439: 5432: 5407: 5403: 5393: 5380: 5368:. Retrieved 5364:the original 5353: 5344: 5340: 5331: 5323: 5315: 5310: 5277: 5273: 5214: 5210: 5204: 5185: 5179: 5160: 5154: 5127: 5123: 5117: 5109: 5100: 5094: 5078: 5073: 5054: 5050: 5040: 5013: 5009: 5003: 4995: 4970: 4966: 4960: 4941: 4937: 4931: 4923: 4914: 4887: 4882: 4863: 4859: 4853: 4845: 4805:(1): 11034. 4802: 4798: 4788: 4740:(1): 11033. 4737: 4733: 4723: 4704: 4698: 4686:. Retrieved 4682: 4677:Nkajeni, U. 4672: 4627: 4623: 4613: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4574: 4542:(1): 68–74. 4539: 4535: 4529: 4521: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4476: 4467: 4448: 4444: 4438: 4430: 4421: 4417: 4407: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4338: 4334: 4328: 4283: 4279: 4273: 4225: 4221: 4215: 4192:. Retrieved 4187: 4178: 4166:. Retrieved 4161: 4152: 4140:. 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Retrieved 2540: 2534: 2528: 2484: 2480: 2440: 2351: 2340: 2334: 2295: 2286:Mount Erongo 2278:San rock art 2273:medicine men 2249: 2228: 2200: 2160: 2157:Conservation 2151:pastoralists 2138:and much of 2121: 2092: 2077: 2057: 2032: 2023: 2020: 1992:spring hares 1940:greater kudu 1932: 1909: 1904:Common Eland 1888: 1871: 1854: 1842: 1817: 1772: 1679: 1670: 1640: 1632: 1622: 1616: 1610: 1606: 1541: 1532: 1522:Burkina Faso 1479: 1474: 1465: 1459:L. p. pictus 1458: 1445: 1441: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1402:Thomas, 1904 1398: 1394: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1313: 1309: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1231:L. p. pictus 1230: 1226: 1218:Description 1204: 1195:North Africa 1179:Cuon alpinus 1178: 1164: 1162: 1154: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1119:South Africa 1112: 1107: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1045: 1041: 1035: 1029: 1022:HaYonim Cave 1015: 1002: 998: 994: 952: 944: 917:Simocyoninae 899: 894: 886: 882: 874: 866: 855:Hyaena picta 854: 840: 831: 823: 817: 767: 747: 705: 676: 647: 618: 591:African wolf 589: 560: 522: 502:Domestic dog 500: 387: 367: 344: 342:since 1990. 329: 314: 308: 295:, is a wild 292: 288: 283: 282: 278: 276: 229: 227: 211: 210: 198: 63:South Africa 29: 11437:iNaturalist 11334:Wikispecies 11258:M. sibirica 11240:M. putorius 11213:M. nigripes 11195:M. lutreola 11168:M. haidarum 11064:N. africana 11027:A. congicus 11018:A. cinereus 11009:A. capensis 10909:Sea otter ( 10887:L. provocax 10794:I. striatus 10715:Ictonychini 10610:M. melampus 10522:Wolverine ( 10500:P. pennanti 10423:M. moschata 10414:M. everetti 10360:M. leucurus 10318:A. hoevenii 10309:A. collaris 10259:M. capensis 10154:N. olivacea 10069:Olinguito ( 10025:Bassaricyon 10012:P. pygmaeus 9942:Bassariscus 9915:Procyonidae 9890:S. putorius 9881:S. gracilis 9799:M. mephitis 9790:M. macroura 9684:Red panda ( 9664:Musteloidea 9625:Ross seal ( 9578:Lobodontini 9510:Neomonachus 9438:P. sibirica 9396:P. vitulina 9361:Grey seal ( 9343:Harp seal ( 9235:A. pusillus 9199:A. forsteri 9034:Callorhinus 8968:Pinnipedia 8927:Musteloidea 8699:C. simensis 8663:C. lupaster 8532:Hoary fox ( 8525:L. sechurae 8498:L. fulvipes 8489:L. culpaeus 8385:(true dogs) 8344:Swift fox ( 8319:V. macrotis 8211:Nyctereutes 8120:Caniformia 8065:H. ochracea 8023:B. nigripes 8014:B. jacksoni 7901:U. javanica 7818:Herpestinae 7793:C. obscurus 7784:C. ansorgei 7764:Crossarchus 7620:(mongooses) 7609:Herpestidae 7589:S. durrelli 7580:S. concolor 7530:G. fasciata 7467:E. goudotii 7388:Herpestidae 7298:P. cristata 7159:G. thierryi 7114:G. maculata 7078:G. cristata 7069:G. bourloni 6822:Paradoxurus 6780:Binturong ( 6719:Hemigalinae 6696:Viverroidea 6659:Viverroidea 6618:F. nigripes 6470:Leopard cat 6455:P. concolor 6372:L. pardinus 6321:L. tigrinus 6312:L. pardalis 6303:L. jacobita 6294:L. guttulus 6267:L. colocola 6026:N. nebulosa 5996:Pantherinae 5876:Feliformia 5673:Goodall, J. 5232:10261/51387 4424:(3): 28–37. 4194:23 February 4168:23 February 4142:20 December 4059:Caro, T. M. 3120:(in French) 3015:(1): 8329. 2982:: 119–199. 2731:30 November 2601:5 September 2556:17 February 2329:Documentary 2318:black mamba 2148:transhumant 1820:East Africa 1801:chimpanzees 1776:Maasai Mara 1586:Description 1576:Maasai Mara 1449:Thomas and 1417:luchsingeri 1215:Subspecies 1191:Middle East 1187:Pleistocene 921:carnassials 845:in 1820 by 289:painted dog 174:Subfamily: 11669:Categories 11612:Q109647314 11231:M. nudipes 11222:M. nivalis 11186:M. kathiah 11141:M. erminea 11132:M. altaica 11082:N. frenata 11073:N. felipei 11043:Mustelinae 10785:I. libycus 10699:G. vittata 10565:M. caurina 10342:M. anakuma 10220:Mustelidae 10207:Mustelidae 10183:see below↓ 10174:Mustelidae 10071:B. neblina 9982:(raccoons) 9953:B. astutus 9951:Ringtail ( 9927:Kinkajou ( 9899:S. pygmaea 9840:M. marchei 9698:Mephitidae 9566:M. leonina 9458:Monachinae 9429:P. hispida 9420:P. caspica 9217:A. gazella 9149:N. cinerea 9045:C. ursinus 8983:Odobenidae 8936:see below↓ 8916:see below↓ 8900:Pinnipedia 8818:Sun bear ( 8785:T. ornatus 8774:Tremarctos 8750:Ailuropoda 8688:Red wolf ( 8654:C. latrans 8577:L. adustus 8534:L. vetulus 8507:L. griseus 8437:Bush dog ( 8328:V. pallida 8326:Pale fox ( 8310:V. lagopus 8281:Cape fox ( 8161:Gray fox ( 7919:U. smithii 7751:H. parvula 7742:H. hirtula 7630:Mungotinae 7519:Galidictis 7492:Galidiinae 7420:Euplerinae 7403:Eupleridae 7392:sensu lato 7363:C. crocuta 7296:Aardwolf ( 7227:see below↓ 7168:G. tigrina 7141:G. poensis 7123:G. pardina 7105:G. letabae 7087:G. genetta 6985:Genettinae 6969:V. zibetha 6889:Viverrinae 6878:sensu lato 6873:Viverrinae 6842:P. jerdoni 6709:Viverridae 6668:see below↓ 6607:Sand cat ( 6414:A. jubatus 6239:C. caracal 6132:Pardofelis 5951:P. linsang 5892:Feliformia 5690:0395121094 5341:Canid News 5280:: 108326. 5130:(1): 1–9. 5016:(1): 1–9. 4557:2263/37231 4188:PBS Nature 4162:PBS Nature 3868:2263/82809 3818:Canid News 3791:Canid News 3598:See p 147. 3552:2263/29439 3495:10 January 3491:. Mongabay 3175:: 95–110. 2909:7 December 2884:18 October 2859:0241124859 2654:. Jacana. 2455:References 2252:San people 2246:San people 2191:Naqada III 2173:In culture 2024:individual 1657:carnassial 1533:mischlichi 1466:ebermaieri 1378:stierlingi 1258:Mozambique 1201:Subspecies 1169:. In 2018 1153:Fossil of 1135:L. sekowei 1084:metacarpal 967:carnivoran 959:carnassial 851:Mozambique 374:San people 336:endangered 299:native to 86:Endangered 11177:M. itatsi 11111:(weasels) 10974:Lutrogale 10911:E. lutris 10869:L. felina 10678:(grisons) 10601:M. martes 10544:(martens) 10462:Guloninae 10248:Mellivora 10121:N. narica 10062:B. medius 10053:B. gabbii 10044:B. alleni 10032:(olingos) 10001:Raccoon ( 9853:Spilogale 9739:C. chinga 9720:Conepatus 9676:Ailuridae 9475:Monachini 9387:P. largha 9057:Otariinae 9020:sea lions 9015:fur seals 9006:Otariidae 8891:Mustelida 8862:U. arctos 8724:Arctoidea 8681:C. lycaon 8636:C. aureus 8566:Lupulella 8478:Lycalopex 8355:V. vulpes 8353:Red fox ( 8317:Kit fox ( 8292:V. corsac 8036:Herpestes 7649:Meerkat ( 7408:(Malagasy 7310:Hyaeninae 7271:Hyaenidae 7186:G. felina 6600:F. lybica 6412:Cheetah ( 6330:L. wiedii 6319:Oncilla ( 6285:L. guigna 6256:Leopardus 6237:Caracal ( 6230:C. aurata 6165:Bay cat ( 6086:P. pardus 6084:Leopard ( 6059:P. tigris 6017:N. diardi 5935:Prionodon 5835:Kingdom: 5824:Carnivora 5646:BBC Earth 5624:9 January 5598:9 January 5424:193657797 5410:: 57–74. 5370:4 October 5347:(4): 1–5. 5302:213766740 3958:Behaviour 3877:213655919 3797:(3): 1–6. 2352:Dynasties 2258:, as the 2189:from the 2043:cane rats 1996:Serengeti 1976:springbok 1912:antelopes 1837:gestation 1788:springbok 1706:scrubland 1653:premolars 1626:gray wolf 1612:gray wolf 1572:Serengeti 1568:haplotype 1451:Wroughton 1386:wintgensi 1374:ssongaeae 1358:langheldi 1354:lademanni 1334:dieseneri 1301:zuluensis 1297:windhorni 1221:Synonyms 1139:L. pictus 1127:premolars 1100:falconeri 1080:falconeri 1026:evolution 1007:ungulates 963:premolars 955:cursorial 931:Evolution 914:subfamily 881:λυκαίος ( 871:root word 524:Gray wolf 351:ungulates 206:Species: 158:Carnivora 124:Kingdom: 118:Eukaryota 11606:Wikidata 11520:14000818 11455:10591018 11319:Wikidata 11157:Ferret ( 11091:N. vison 10952:L. lutra 10820:(otters) 10814:Lutrinae 10671:Galictis 10583:M. foina 10498:Fisher ( 10386:Melogale 10369:M. meles 10289:Arctonyx 10134:Nasuella 10112:N. nasua 10089:(coatis) 10003:P. lotor 9779:Mephitis 9538:Mirounga 9288:Phocinae 9269:Phocidae 9138:Neophoca 9084:Zalophus 8991:Walrus ( 8690:C. rufus 8672:C. lupus 8652:Coyote ( 8487:Culpeo ( 8428:Speothos 8364:V. zerda 8346:V. velox 8283:V. chama 7994:Bdeogale 7892:U. fusca 7731:Helogale 7701:M. mungo 7640:Suricata 7569:Salanoia 7476:E. major 7456:Eupleres 7287:Proteles 7276:(hyenas) 7040:(genets) 6591:F. chaus 6582:F. catus 6573:F. bieti 6453:Cougar ( 6403:Acinonyx 6381:L. rufus 6379:Bobcat ( 6328:Margay ( 6310:Ocelot ( 6283:Kodkod ( 6204:Serval ( 6167:C. badia 6156:Catopuma 6066:Jaguar ( 6050:P. uncia 6039:Panthera 6006:Neofelis 5924:Feloidea 5855:Eutheria 5849:Mammalia 5843:Chordata 5841:Phylum: 5837:Animalia 5707:4767860M 5699:78132786 5675:(1971). 5651:Archived 5241:29578790 4837:27023457 4772:27023355 4664:24988433 4624:PLOS ONE 4605:83740058 4585:Mammalia 4566:54975768 4355:19834483 4320:22615933 4280:PLOS ONE 4252:28878054 3851:(1): 8. 3594:86776888 3391:62265494 3361:(2005). 3345:30344120 3256:85585759 3189:17083040 3114:28 April 3047:31171819 2365:See also 2324:In media 2304:went to 2235:Ethiopia 2225:Ethiopia 1964:reedbuck 1936:warthogs 1813:growling 1797:gorillas 1795:such as 1793:primates 1726:Ethiopia 1710:woodland 1698:savannas 1666:bush dog 1637:dewclaws 1580:genotype 1564:Tanzania 1560:Zimbabwe 1556:Botswana 1484:Matschie 1433:zedlitzi 1425:rüppelli 1421:matschie 1366:richteri 1346:huebneri 1338:gansseri 1293:venatica 1285:tricolor 1281:lalandei 1265:cacondae 1235:Temminck 1076:Xenocyon 1064:Xenocyon 1037:Xenocyon 1033:subgenus 987:bush dog 985:and the 946:Xenocyon 910:bush dog 908:and the 836:Ethiopia 398:Taxonomy 325:dewclaws 238:Temminck 164:Family: 148:Mammalia 138:Chordata 134:Phylum: 128:Animalia 114:Domain: 91:IUCN 3.1 11639:8302883 11507:1005960 11429:5219317 11325:Q173651 11159:M. furo 11104:Mustela 11053:Neogale 10900:Enhydra 10774:Ictonyx 10733:Vormela 10690:G. cuja 10617:Sable ( 10524:G. gulo 10489:Pekania 10474:Tayra ( 10271:Melinae 10083:Nasuina 9975:Procyon 9331:Phocini 8970:(seals) 8905:(seals) 8797:Ursinae 8739:(bears) 8734:Ursidae 8610:Dhole ( 8400:(zorro) 8274:V. cana 8184:Vulpini 8152:Urocyon 8136:Canidae 7928:U. urva 7432:Fossa ( 7352:Crocuta 7034:Genetta 6931:Viverra 6472:lineage 6394:lineage 6363:L. lynx 6219:Caracal 6193:lineage 6191:Caracal 6123:lineage 6121:Bay cat 6107:Felinae 6068:P. onca 6057:Tiger ( 5977:Felidae 5847:Class: 5826:species 5822:Extant 5502:p. 41. 5500:Sunbird 5481:3 March 5282:Bibcode 5249:4343007 5132:Bibcode 5018:Bibcode 4975:Bibcode 4828:4820543 4807:Bibcode 4780:7943459 4763:4820541 4742:Bibcode 4688:16 July 4655:4079238 4632:Bibcode 4311:3353914 4288:Bibcode 4243:5597819 4114:4798194 4061:(ed.). 3978:4535774 3336:6224481 3315:Bibcode 3236:Bibcode 3038:6554312 3017:Bibcode 2489:Bibcode 2310:leopard 2298:Ndebele 2292:Ndebele 2269:shamans 2118:Threats 2035:rodents 1984:dik-dik 1878:sneezes 1809:barking 1714:montane 1686:Senegal 1649:canines 1552:alleles 1545:nuclear 1506:Nigeria 1502:Senegal 1500:, from 1429:takanus 1370:ruwanae 1362:prageri 1350:kondoae 1342:hennigi 1289:typicus 1273:gobabis 1125:on its 1088:dewclaw 1052:Eurasia 979:talonid 977:), the 883:lykaios 877:is the 828:Solinus 423:Caninae 408:of the 347:diurnal 338:on the 240:, 1820) 194:Genus: 184:Tribe: 178:Caninae 168:Canidae 154:Order: 144:Class: 89: ( 11652:998400 11572:231463 11559:821953 11481:183833 11416:328697 11400:ECOS: 11367:174679 11349:ARKive 10849:Lontra 10537:Martes 9812:Mydaus 9706:skunks 8670:Wolf ( 8550:Canina 8380:Canini 8244:Vulpes 8140:(dogs) 7681:Mungos 6995:Poiana 6077:P. leo 6075:Lion ( 5981:(cats) 5705: 5697: 5687: 5671:& 5528: 5506: 5422: 5300: 5247: 5239: 5192: 5167: 5085: 5051:Koedoe 4894: 4835: 4825: 4778: 4770: 4760: 4711: 4662: 4652: 4603: 4564: 4363:771357 4361: 4353: 4318: 4308: 4250: 4240: 4190:. 2023 4164:. 2023 4112: 4073: 4001: 3976: 3935: 3907: 3875: 3765: 3701: 3624: 3592: 3476:: 375. 3432: 3389: 3379: 3343: 3333: 3279: 3254: 3224:n. sp" 3187: 3045: 3035: 2954: 2856: 2827: 2775:28 May 2694: 2658: 2631: 2302:impala 2282:frieze 2195:Louvre 2144:Chinko 2136:Uganda 2108:eagles 2016:snares 1972:lechwe 1960:impala 1948:impala 1828:estrus 1803:, and 1780:Moremi 1730:summit 1690:Guinea 1486:, 1915 1453:, 1907 1320:, 1902 1318:Thomas 1277:krebsi 1269:fuchsi 1237:, 1820 1131:Lycaon 1068:Lycaon 1042:Lycaon 1018:fossil 995:lycaon 975:molars 887:pictus 875:Lycaon 869:. 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