20:
1096:
230:. While the evolution of large size and carnivory may be favored at the individual level, it can lead to a macroevolutionary decline, wherein such extreme dietary specialization results in reduced population densities and a greater vulnerability for extinction. As a result of these opposing forces, the fossil record of
280:), which is not seen in omnivores or herbivores, has been found. This indicates that a stronger bone structure is a crucial requirement and drives selection towards predatory hypercarnivore lifestyle in mammals. Positive selection of one gene related to enhanced bone mineralisation has been found in the
841:
Barnett, Ross; Westbury, Michael V.; Sandoval-Velasco, Marcela; Vieira, Filipe
Garrett; Jeon, Sungwon; Zazula, Grant; Martin, Michael D.; Ho, Simon Y.W.; Mather, Niklas; Gopalakrishnan, Shyam; Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmín; de Manuel, Marc; Zepeda-Mendoza, M. Lisandra; Antunes, Agostinho; Baez, Aldo Carmona
757:
Kim, Soonok; Cho, Yun Sung; Kim, Hak-Min; Chung, Oksung; Kim, Hyunho; Jho, Sungwoong; Seomun, Hong; Kim, Jeongho; Bang, Woo Young; Kim, Changmu; An, Junghwa; Bae, Chang Hwan; Bhak, Youngjune; Jeon, Sungwon; Yoon, Hyejun (2016).
154:
relative to the grinding component. In domestic settings, e.g. cats may have a diet designed from only plant and synthetic sources using modern processing methods. Feeding farmed animals such as
519:
703:
158:
and crocodiles mostly or fully plant-based feed is sometimes done to save costs or as an environmentally friendly alternative. Hypercarnivores need not be
408:
607:
462:"Use of soybean as an alternative protein source for welfare-orientated production of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)"
226:, often in response to an ecological opportunity afforded by the decline or extinction of previously dominant hypercarnivorous
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and domestic cat were analysed, and shared positive selection for two genes related to bone development and repair (
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As an example of related species with differing diets, even though they diverged only 150,000 years ago, the
844:"Genomic Adaptations and Evolutionary History of the Extinct Scimitar-Toothed Cat, Homotherium latidens"
1302:
931:
302:
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373:"Evolution of hypercarnivory: the effect of specialization on morphological and taxonomic diversity"
238:
of hypercarnivores that diversify and decline, only to be replaced by new hypercarnivorous clades.
1421:
166:
are exclusively carnivorous, yet they are prey at all stages of life for a variety of organisms.
760:"Comparison of carnivore, omnivore, and herbivore mammalian genomes with a new leopard assembly"
601:
Lindqvist, Charlotte; Schuster, Stephan C.; Sun, Yazhou; Talbot, Sandra L.; et al. (2010).
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is one of the least carnivorous in many locales, with less than 10% of its diet being meat.
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8:
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603:"Complete mitochondrial genome of a Pleistocene jawbone unveils the origin of polar bear"
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184:), along with the early order Creodonta, and some mammals of the even earlier order
142:, is a hypercarnivore in its natural state. Additionally, this term is also used in
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818:"First genome sequence of Amur leopard highlights the drawback of a meat only diet"
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is the most highly carnivorous bear (more than 90% of its diet is meat) while the
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or other plant material. Some extant examples of hypercarnivorous animals include
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329:"Trophic diversity in past and present guilds of large predatory mammals"
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546:"Cope's Rule, Hypercarnivory, and Extinction in North American Canids"
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Van
Valkenburgh, Blaire; Wang, Xiaoming; Damuth, John (October 2004).
55:. The remaining non-meat diet may consist of non-animal foods such as
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520:"Crocodiles in Zimbabwe fed vegetarian diet to make better handbags"
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that existed during the late
Cretaceous, although not mammals, were
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407:
Devlin, Hannah; correspondent, Hannah Devlin
Science (2023-09-13).
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409:"Cats may get health benefits from vegan diet, study suggests"
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of animals which have an increased slicing component of their
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10.1666/0094-8373(2004)030<0108:EOHTEO>2.0.CO;2
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periods in North
America about 66 million years ago.
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222:Large hypercarnivores evolved frequently in the
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16:Animals with more than 70% meat in their diets
916:
670:. Nick Lyons Books/Winchester Press. p.
371:Holliday, Jill A.; Steppan, Scott J. (2004).
31:in their natural state, is a hypercarnivore
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909:
460:Flint, Mark; Flint, Jaylene (2023-10-26).
459:
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666:Bear Attacks: Their Causes and Avoidance
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327:Van Valkenburgh, Blaire (Spring 1988).
43:which has a diet that is more than 70%
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712:. February 17, 2008. Archived from
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194:, which existed during the Late
169:Many prehistoric mammals of the
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138:, including the domesticated
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234:is dominated by successive
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303:List of feeding behaviours
1442:Category:Eating behaviors
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1103:
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860:10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.051
777:10.1186/s13059-016-1071-4
662:Herrero, Stephen (1985).
355:10.1017/S0094837300011891
1422:Antipredator adaptation
630:10.1073/pnas.0914266107
572:10.1126/science.1102417
131:. Every species in the
32:
822:www.biomedcentral.com
97:odontocetid cetaceans
22:
854:(24): 5018–5025.e5.
732:Hinterland Who's Who
286:Homotherium latidens
282:Scimitar-toothed cat
47:, either via active
1437:Carnivorous protist
1291:Intraguild predator
621:2010PNAS..107.5053L
564:2004Sci...306..101V
479:10.7717/peerj.16321
347:1988Pbio...14..155V
252:The genomes of the
217:obligate carnivores
1432:Carnivorous fungus
1082:Sexual cannibalism
1067:Animal cannibalism
932:Feeding behaviours
738:on January 3, 2011
445:has generic name (
99:(toothed whales),
33:
1450:
1449:
1427:Carnivorous plant
1303:Aquatic predation
1090:
1089:
1072:Human cannibalism
615:(11): 5053–5057.
212:Tyrannosaurus rex
1470:
1296:Pursuit predator
1098:
1077:Self-cannibalism
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176:(Carnivora and
174:Carnivoramorpha
162:. For example,
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897:External links
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764:Genome Biology
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716:on 2008-07-16.
704:"Arctic Bears"
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388:(1): 108–128.
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160:apex predators
37:hypercarnivore
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1389:Mesocarnivore
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1384:Hypocarnivore
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1046:Breastfeeding
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1041:Placentophagy
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341:(2): 155–73.
340:
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308:Mesocarnivore
306:
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298:Hypocarnivore
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1409:Trophallaxis
1378:
1313:Pivot feeder
1308:Lunge feeder
1286:Egg predator
1174:Phagocytosis
1024:reproductive
995:Myrmecophagy
985:Molluscivore
851:
847:
836:
825:. Retrieved
821:
812:
767:
763:
752:
740:. Retrieved
736:the original
731:
722:
714:the original
708:
698:
665:
657:
612:
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555:
549:
539:
528:. Retrieved
526:. 2014-04-08
523:
514:
469:
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455:
443:|last2=
424:. Retrieved
413:The Guardian
412:
402:
385:
381:Paleobiology
379:
338:
334:Paleobiology
332:
322:
285:
277:
273:
258:killer whale
251:
247:grizzly bear
240:
221:
210:
189:
168:
146:to describe
144:paleobiology
87:, most wild
65:crocodilians
36:
34:
1230:Planktivore
1215:Detritivore
1210:Coprophagia
1200:Bacterivore
1195:Microbivory
1179:Myzocytosis
1138:Nectarivore
1128:Graminivore
975:Lepidophagy
970:Insectivore
965:Hematophagy
27:, like all
1394:Parasitism
1328:Bait balls
1318:Ram feeder
1250:Plastivore
1245:Lithotroph
1235:Saprophagy
1158:Osteophagy
1148:Palynivore
1105:Herbivores
1036:Paedophagy
1010:Spongivore
1000:Ophiophagy
940:Carnivores
827:2024-08-29
770:(1): 211.
709:PBS Nature
530:2024-04-10
472:: e16321.
426:2024-04-10
314:References
243:polar bear
232:carnivores
198:and early
196:Cretaceous
191:Cimolestes
156:alligators
93:polar bear
53:scavenging
1463:Carnivory
1399:Scavenger
1271:Predation
1240:Xenophagy
1220:Geophagia
1205:Fungivore
1153:Xylophagy
1143:Mellivory
1123:Frugivore
1118:Florivore
1015:Vermivore
1005:Piscivore
990:Mucophagy
980:Man-eater
868:0960-9822
786:1474-760X
728:"Grizzly"
488:2167-8359
435:cite news
421:0261-3077
207:dinosaurs
200:Paleogene
186:Cimolesta
182:Creodonta
178:Miacoidea
152:dentition
127:and most
109:scorpions
49:predation
1457:Category
1350:Browsing
1225:Omnivore
1167:Cellular
1113:Folivore
886:33065008
842:(2020).
804:27802837
742:March 4,
690:11726851
649:20194737
588:12017658
580:15459388
506:37904841
497:10613434
292:See also
264:, lion,
209:such as
204:Theropod
180:without
125:piranhas
121:groupers
113:mantises
81:vultures
1365:Grazing
1264:Methods
1051:Weaning
1031:Oophagy
955:Avivore
877:7762822
795:5090899
640:2841953
617:Bibcode
560:Bibcode
551:Science
343:Bibcode
270:cheetah
262:leopard
136:Felidae
117:marlins
105:spiders
73:shrikes
1370:Forage
1360:Fodder
1188:Others
884:
874:
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784:
688:
678:
647:
637:
586:
578:
504:
494:
486:
419:
236:clades
164:salmon
133:family
129:sharks
101:snakes
89:canids
85:felids
77:eagles
61:fruits
51:or by
41:animal
39:is an
29:felids
948:adult
584:S2CID
466:PeerJ
376:(PDF)
266:tiger
171:clade
57:fungi
1255:Pica
882:PMID
864:ISSN
800:PMID
782:ISSN
744:2010
686:OCLC
676:ISBN
645:PMID
608:PNAS
576:PMID
502:PMID
484:ISSN
447:help
417:ISSN
274:DMP1
228:taxa
148:taxa
69:owls
45:meat
25:lion
23:The
872:PMC
856:doi
790:PMC
772:doi
672:156
635:PMC
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