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posters depicted soldiers from different countries, such as
Australian and British, many Commonwealth countries, various occupied countries, and many Allied countries, or British and American sailors. Merchant ships were used to dramatise Lend-Lease. Resistance movements were also depicted, sometimes with Allied agents or receiving message from them.
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stating "we should emphasise wherever possible the wickedness and evil perpetrated in the occupied countries." Subsequently, the Home
Planning Committee felt it essential to portray fully "the evil things which confront us ... to fortify the will to continue the struggle". By 1942, the fear of invasion (as depicted in films such as
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The story of
British cinema in the Second World War is inextricably linked with that of the Ministry of Information. Formed on 4 September 1939, the day after Britain's declaration of war, the Ministry of Information (MOI) was the central government department responsible for publicity and propaganda
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The
British attack on Burma was taken chiefly so that the British could say that they had taken back their colonial possessions with their own armies. It was so neglected in news and propaganda that it was termed the "forgotten army". Similar campaigns were conducted in Malaya and Singapore, for the
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on the BBC produced a great impact on
Germany; Goebbels believed it had to show governmental inspiration, and while propaganda efforts were made to talk the British around, the German press were instructed to attack the rejection. The speed of the rejection unquestionably led the great impact, which
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was created to foment anti-German feeling; not only do the
Germans attack a lightship, not traditionally regarded as a proper target, but machine-gun the survivors in the water, so that only one lives. Posters depicted Germans in a sinister light. Propaganda shifted from downplaying raids to playing
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Much was made of the dictatorial nature of Hitler's government. Germany was treated as a particular font of evil within the Axis, and a greater threat than Japan and Italy. Churchill presented Hitler as the central issue of the war. The
Germans were also presented as evil, with some stating that the
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Recipes were spread for cooking efficiently and nutritiously on the restricted diet that included many substitutions. The
Ministry of Food urged that it was not clever to take more than your share. While bread was not rationed, wholemeal bread was encouraged. Propaganda also publicised that pregnant
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noted that "sex appeal" had been introduced in the form of a beautiful spy, whom they insisted on "christening Olga
Polovsky after the famous song." In June 1941 they further noted that, having covered public house talk, wayside conversations with strangers, and "harmless chat" with friends when on
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Originating in a 1940 campaign with the catchphrase "Be like Dad, keep Mum," the best-known image from this campaign is the 1942 poster "Keep mum, she's not so dumb" by the architect and artist Gerald
Lacoste. It depicts a glamorous blonde woman reclining, and officers from each branch of the Armed
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These posters were a series of three issued as a motivational poster by the British Government in 1939. The three posters in the series were, "Freedom is in peril, defend it with all your might." "YOUR COURAGE, YOUR CHEERFULNESS AND YOUR RESOLUTION WILL BRING US VICTORY" (All versions capitalised,
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Propaganda fomented support for allies in the war, first for the European nations and then for the USSR and USA, with support for the Commonwealth being pervasive. Promoting disunity was, in fact, a major desire of Axis forces. Depictions of forces included Malays, West Africans, and Soviet. Many
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Salvage operations were depicted as transforming scrap to weapons. An exhibition, "Private Scrap" was created to demonstrate the uses of scrap and underscore the link between civilian efforts and the military forces. Iron railings and aluminium pots were targeted. Housewives' salvage efforts were
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led to the slogan "Dig for Victory!" Every garden could be used for this purpose. Because potatoes could be grown this way, the character "Potato Pete" was created to remind people that potatoes did not take up room on ships. Radio broadcasts encouraged the nation that growing your own food was a
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Posters outlined what to do when travelling in a blackout. Instructions included the advice that torches should be pointed downwards to avoid blinding people, that care should be taken while crossing roads, and that when alighting from a train, passengers should check that the door opened on to a
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As a result, the typical British war film attempts to construct a gripping suspense story which at the same time conveys propaganda ideas in support of the Allied cause. Kenneth Clark, as head of the Films Division of the MOI, argued in 1940 that the public must be convinced of German brutality,
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Careless talk propaganda discouraged talking about sensitive material where it could be overheard by spies, showing either an Axis eavesdropper or depicting a death caused by such information leaking. It was also intended to prevent morale-sapping rumours from spreading. The first posters were
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in the Second World War. It was the ministry's function to "present the national case to the public at home and abroad". The MOI was keenly aware of the value of commercially produced entertainment films in furthering the national cause generally and maintained close contact with film makers:
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Because the war limited other options, the bus system was overloaded, and posters urged people to walk for short distances, to ease the burden. For train journeys, posters urged consideration of whether the trip was necessary and the importance of food and ammunition carried by train.
450:, killing civilians including Americans, on the first day of the war was widely exploited as demonstrating that the U-boat was the same instrument of terror as in World War I; the Germans attempted to counter it by claiming the British had sunk the ship themselves to blacken Germany.
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dealt with housewives' conservation efforts. People were also called to "make do" so that raw materials would be available for the war effort. Even an unattended kettle, boiling over, was waste. This was to be applied at work, as well, even though the firm was paying for wasted fuel.
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them up, to inspire hatred of the enemy, and sympathy with neutrals, despite the encouragement that this might give the enemy and its potential impact on the calm of the populace. Atrocity reports were presented both as summaries of known facts and news reports as they occurred.
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The MOI issued a number of books for other ministries notably 'The Army at War' series for the War Office. A few weeks after D-Day, crates of books were landed in Normandy, to be distributed to French booksellers; an equal number of American and British efforts were included.
232:'s broadcasts of the Blitz were particularly useful in propagandising the United States, because of his calm, factual, and unopinionated manner; he received full rein and facilities, even access to Churchill. His reports of British courage and tenacity helped stimulate hope.
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The Ministry both advised the producers on the suitability of subjects which they had suggested and proposed subjects which we thought would do good overseas. Whenever the ministry had approved a subject we gave every help to the producer in obtaining facilities to make the
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Posters were also targeted at increasing production. Pictures of the Armed Forces often called for support from civilians, and posters juxtaposed civilian workers and soldiers to urge that the forces were relying on them and instruct them in the importance of their role.
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Posters urged children to be sent from London. Both pamphlets and posters urged that evacuated children not be brought back. Many were, in fact, brought back during the Phoney War, and the government redoubled efforts to persuade them to let the children remain away.
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for "V", for broadcasts. This alarmed the Germans until Goebbels conceived the idea of trying to reframe the use of a German composer as a German victory. British propaganda was circulated in occupied countries through the efforts of the underground movements.
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was created to propagandise the United States to enter the war, and presented massive amounts of propaganda which they successfully concealed as news reports, not one of them having been "rumbled" as a propaganda piece during the war. The news coverage of the
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Male conscription ensured that general recruitment posters were not needed, but specialist services posters did exist, and many posters aimed at women such as Land Army, or ATS. Films and posters encouraged women to go to work in munitions factories.
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British propaganda, like American propaganda, presented the war as an issue of good versus evil, a factor that allowed them to rouse the population to fight a just war, and use themes of resistance and liberation to occupied countries.
498:, the minister of information regarded it as impossible to rouse the British to sentiments similar to those the British public held toward Germany, as the Japanese were across the globe and the Germans there, and his views prevailed.
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women could get orange juice and vitamin pills by bringing their ration books and medical certificate to the Food Office. Waste paper required recycling to save shipping. The Squander Bug campaign simply urged spending less.
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made many calls for the British to fight on, and for British units to fight until they died rather than submit. His calls for fight to victory inspired a hardening of public opinion. Determination raised the numbers of the
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Forces about her talking to each other. It is implied that the officers are talking military secrets, on the (wrongful) assumption that the woman is only a "dumb blonde" and so will not pass these secrets on to the enemy.
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to influence the population towards support for the war effort. A wide range of media was employed aimed at local and overseas audiences. Traditional forms such as newspapers and posters were joined by new media including
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The best known images from this series are by Fougasse, depicting people giving away secrets in everyday situations (e.g. sitting on the bus, not seeing caricatures of Hitler, Goebbels, and Goering sitting behind them).
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authorisation would have prevented; this produced consternation in the government, as the effect was desirable, but they did not know whether such a spokesman would again happen to say what the government wanted.
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and inspired a willingness to fight to the last ditch, in a manner rather similar to Japanese determination, and the slogan "You can always take one with you" was used in the grimmest times of the war.
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671:," as a reminder that "when in the company of a beautiful woman, remember that beauty may conceal brains." Service personnel seemed particularly ready to disclose their station and line of work.
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novels depicted Nazi invasions of Great Britain as a form of "cautionary tales". Up until 1943, these were grim tales, presenting British victims; after that, a more heroic note increased.
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The British Ministry of Information put out a booklet on countering ideological fears of Bolshevism, including claims that the Red Terror was a figment of Nazi imagination. This inspired
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637:" (Cyril Bird), a comic artist. After concluding that such talk was not a serious source of intelligence, and would often be dismissed as a plant, the campaign was not increased.
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68:. A wide range of themes were addressed, fostering hostility to the enemy, support for allies, and specific pro war projects such as conserving metal and growing vegetables.
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Italy's entrance to the war was derided for their having waited until victory looked secure, but the anti-Italian feeling never reached the pitch of anti-German sentiment.
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184:". The original designs were approved for mass production and distribution in April 1939, though there were rarely displayed, and remaining stock was pulped in 1940.
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Posters were widely used in the propaganda campaigns. Their content ranged from simple instructions to purely motivational content. One series of posters for
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The V Campaign targeted the occupied countries, using "V" to represent the French word for "victory" and the Dutch for "freedom", and the opening of
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A pamphlet for soldiers, "The Japanese in Battle" set out to debunk the myth of the Japanese superman after the initial wave of Japanese victories.
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196:, pamphlets were being dropped. On the anniversary of Hitler's premature declaration of victory against the Soviet Union, in 1941, copies of the
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leave, the government believed they had identified "the major problem" at last. The campaign was to make a direct appeal along the lines of "
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Radio was widely used, with broadcasts in 23 languages; it proved to be rather simple to the occupied countries than to Germany itself.
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Others praised those who took such children in, such as depicting a housewife in a line of uniformed women as she welcomes children.
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Newsreels had particular effect on American audiences, the dome of St. Paul's over the ruins being a particularly significant image.
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Propaganda was deployed to encourage people to economise on travel, save waste paper, and to obey rationing. The propaganda film
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British victories were announced to the public for morale purposes, and broadcast to Germany for purposes of undermining morale.
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Transmitters in England would also pose as broadcasting from Germany, where mostly factual reports would be studded with lies.
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was used in one African recruiting poster. Posters depicting British and Australian unity often featured a Japanese figure.
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Prior to the German attack on the Soviet Union, the USSR was treated with hostility, such as when a paper explained that
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Leaflets were popularly used for propagandising enemy-held territory, by dropping them from aeroplanes. As early as the
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attack was produced in America in the hopes that the public opinion of supplying the UK would turn in their favour.
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was a product of Tsarist, not Bolshevist, Russia. This treatment became more favourable after Germany's attack. The
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People were encouraged to spend holidays assisting at harvest, even when they were also encouraged to stay home.
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Propaganda was deployed to encourage people to volunteer for onerous or dangerous war work, such as factories or
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presented militaristically, even depicting weapons as coming directly from the efforts of women to save scrap.
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supported the bombing of Japan on the grounds of the atrocities committed against downed airmen and in China.
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The Battle of the Atlantic: Hitler's Gray Wolves of the Sea and the Allies' Desperate Struggle to Defeat Them
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The Battle of the Atlantic: Hitler's Gray Wolves of the Sea and the Allies' Desperate Struggle to Defeat Them
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The Battle of the Atlantic: Hitler's Gray Wolves of the Sea and the Allies' Desperate Struggle to Defeat Them
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The Battle of the Atlantic: Hitler's Gray Wolves of the Sea and the Allies' Desperate Struggle to Defeat Them
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The Battle of the Atlantic: Hitler's Gray Wolves of the Sea and the Allies' Desperate Struggle to Defeat Them
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Finding Aid to British and British Commonwealth war posters from the Second World War, circa 1939–circa 1945
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122:(1942) shows Dutch civilians risking their lives to help a group of British airmen back to England.
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same reason, even though military officials preferred joining forces with the American campaigns.
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98:) had receded, and film makers began to turn to the brutal reality of life in occupied countries.
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The instant—and unauthorised—rejection of the peace terms of Hitler's 19 July 1940 speech by
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Selling War: The British Propaganda CAmpaign Against American "Neutrality" in World War II
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second printing included considerable underlining of nouns for even more emphasis) and "
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Propaganda in War 1939–1945: Organisation, Policies and Publics in Britain and Germany
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Propaganda in War 1939–1945: Organisation, Policies and Publics in Britain and Germany
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Propaganda in War 1939–1945: Organisation, Policies and Publics in Britain and Germany
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Propaganda in War 1939–1945: Organisation, Policies and Publics in Britain and Germany
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Propaganda in War 1939–1945: Organisation, Policies and Publics in Britain and Germany
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Propaganda in War 1939–1945: Organisation, Policies and Publics in Britain and Germany
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Propaganda in War 1939–1945: Organisation, Policies and Publics in Britain and Germany
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Propaganda in War 1939–1945: Organisation, Policies and Publics in Britain and Germany
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Propaganda in War 1939–1945: Organisation, Policies and Publics in Britain and Germany
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The campaign was issued in 1942 to all ranks, with this particular image intended for
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show the French Resistance and the heroism of ordinary French civilians, while
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concentration camps would not have been possible on French or British soil.
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Posters also encouraged growing food in gardens. The difficulties of the
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Propaganda in Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II
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Soldiers of the Sun: The Rise and Fall of the Imperial Japanese Army
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The turn of the war made BBC's war commentaries much more stirring.
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Films were also imported. Churchill ordered the entire sequence of
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Information and media used to influence support for the war effort
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The Pacific war was regarded as peripheral by most British, but
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Britain can take it: the British cinema in the Second World War
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National Fictions. World War II in British Films and Television
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Britain can take it: the British cinema in the Second World War
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British WWII propaganda poster encouraging cultivation of food
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British WWII propaganda poster commemorating the village of
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Visions of Victory: The Hopes of Eight World War II Leaders
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Visions of Victory: The Hopes of Eight World War II Leaders
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https://www.librarything.com/author/ministryofinformatio-1
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and other places where officers met. At the end of May,
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Unless we can divide these two fellows – we're sunk!
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Careless talk costs lives. Mr. Hitler wants to know!
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561:received particular attention as a great victory.
696:War art in The National Archives (United Kingdom)
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486:found the disaster at Singapore and the loss of
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836:Propaganda: The Art of Persuasion: World War II
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252:British WWII propaganda poster during the
110:told the story of the Belgian resistance.
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1702:Retribution: The Battle for Japan 1944-45
1642:Retribution: The Battle for Japan 1944-45
1622:Retribution: The Battle for Japan 1944-45
1573:Retribution: The Battle for Japan 1944-45
991:Retribution: The Battle for Japan 1944-45
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764:, Edinburgh University Press, 1994, p. 4.
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322:Women of Britain, Come into the Factories
36:A collection of posters on various themes
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799:Anthony Aldgate and Jeffrey Richards,
760:Anthony Aldgate and Jeffrey Richards,
18:Careless Talk Costs Lives (propaganda)
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838:. New York: Chelsea House Publishers.
731:Soviet propaganda during World War II
691:British propaganda during World War I
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706:Propaganda and India in World War II
640:This also was the theme of the film
544:Together we shall strangle Hitlerism
1165:Lend a hand with the potato harvest
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2008:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
594:where the opening notes match the
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1771:Royal West African Frontier Force
1152:Remember – they're relying on you
868:(2nd ed.). London: Pimlico.
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2072:(1909–1983). Michael Pick.
1680:Meirion and Susie Harries,
1593:African artillery in action
1510:The World Hitler Never Made
1490:The World Hitler Never Made
960:, accessed 5 November 2018.
721:Propaganda of Fascist Italy
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568:to leave the BBC and write
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2000:Cull, Nicholas J. (1995).
1204:Shine your torch downwards
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297:When the U-boat commander
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1823:Eleven smiling servicemen
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1381:Little gift from Grannie
1368:Up housewives and at 'em
834:Rhodes, Anthony (1976).
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1875:Resistance Headquarters
1217:Lookout in the blackout
1082:19 January 2011 at the
864:Overy, Richard (2006).
503:anti-Japanese sentiment
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269:In 1940 in particular,
45:Ministry of Information
40:Britain re-created the
2197:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1984:"The Secret Persuaders
1508:Gavriel D. Rosenfeld,
930:Briggs, Susan (1975).
790:, London, 1984, p. 15.
777:, London, 1979, p. 12.
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628:A careless talk poster
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396:Battle of the Atlantic
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345:Evacuation of children
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182:Keep Calm and Carry On
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263:Why Britain is at War
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1486:Gavriel D. Rosenfeld
1276:Walk short distances
603:To the United States
559:Battle of Stalingrad
456:Men of the Lightship
435:Sefton Delmer (1958)
173:Motivational posters
47:for the duration of
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1191:Volunteer housewife
1139:The Fighting Forces
1010:Gerhard L. Weinberg
664:Advertiser's Weekly
464:Alternative history
443:The sinking of the
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866:Why the Allies Won
786:Geoff Hurd (ed.),
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95:Went the Day Well?
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2059:National Archives
2038:Michael Balfour,
2018:Michael Balfour,
1990:, 19 August 2006.
1972:978-0-8014-4891-1
1942:Michael Balfour,
1922:Michael Balfour,
1912:978-0-06-122859-9
1810:Allied servicemen
1784:Soviet Ski troops
1710:978-0-307-26351-3
1650:978-0-307-26351-3
1630:978-0-307-26351-3
1581:978-0-307-26351-3
1548:Michael Balfour,
1528:Michael Balfour,
1465:Michael Balfour,
1445:Michael Balfour,
1412:Andrew Williams,
1392:Michael Balfour,
1320:Andrew Williams,
1300:Andrew Williams,
1254:Andrew Williams,
1230:Unattended kettle
1055:Andrew Williams,
999:978-0-307-26351-3
979:978-0-8014-4891-1
669:Cherchez la femme
484:Winston Churchill
271:Winston Churchill
254:Battle of Britain
101:The Day Will Dawn
16:(Redirected from
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2155:Sovereign states
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633:illustrated by "
366:Preventing waste
230:Edward R. Murrow
161:London Transport
113:Tomorrow We Live
21:
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711:Nazi propaganda
686:
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643:The Next of Kin
622:
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496:Brendan Bracken
480:
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372:They Also Serve
368:
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2087:External links
2085:
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2070:Gerald Lacoste
2062:
2051:
2031:
2011:
1992:
1982:William Boyd,
1975:
1955:
1935:
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1900:Andrew Roberts
1892:
1888:Coded messages
1879:
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1758:Malay Regiment
1749:
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1613:
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1097:Land Army girl
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2045:
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2015:
2006:
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1996:
1989:
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1952:0-7100-0193-2
1949:
1946:, p. 215–216
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1743:
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1734:Edwin P. Hoyt
1730:
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1535:
1532:, p. 195–196
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1402:0-7100-0193-2
1399:
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1355:Private Scrap
1350:
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1330:0-465-09153-9
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1045:0-07-030622-2
1042:
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1034:
1033:Edwin P. Hoyt
1029:
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1022:0-521-85254-4
1019:
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796:
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773:Ian McLaine,
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626:
620:Careless talk
617:
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579:
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573:
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567:
566:George Orwell
562:
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529:
521:
519:
518:
517:The Spectator
513:
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478:Anti-Japanese
475:
472:
471:Sefton Delmer
467:
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299:GĂĽnther Prien
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97:
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88:
83:
69:
67:
63:
59:
58:cinema (film)
54:
50:
46:
43:
34:
30:
19:
2464:Soviet Union
2459:East Germany
2454:
2442:Transnistria
2073:
2065:
2054:
2039:
2034:
2019:
2014:
2003:
1995:
1988:The Guardian
1987:
1978:
1963:
1958:
1943:
1938:
1923:
1918:
1903:
1895:
1882:
1869:
1856:
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1830:
1817:
1804:
1791:
1778:
1765:
1752:
1738:Hitler's War
1737:
1729:
1722:Allied Unity
1716:
1701:
1696:
1681:
1676:
1661:
1656:
1641:
1636:
1621:
1616:
1587:
1572:
1569:Max Hastings
1564:
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1504:
1489:
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1466:
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1104:
1091:
1071:
1056:
1051:
1037:Hitler's War
1036:
1028:
1013:
1005:
990:
985:
970:
965:
952:
932:
865:
835:
800:
795:
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678:
663:
657:
653:
641:
639:
631:
606:
585:
569:
563:
552:
549:Soviet Union
535:
527:
524:Anti-Italian
515:
514:
511:
507:
500:
481:
468:
462:
454:
452:
446:
442:
438:
410:
401:
393:
389:
385:
371:
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309:
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296:
290:Even during
289:
286:
268:
261:
259:
234:
228:
225:
216:
204:
197:
191:
178:
158:
142:
132:Why We Fight
130:
124:
117:
111:
105:
99:
93:
90:
85:
80:
51:to generate
49:World War II
39:
29:
2415:recognition
2389:Switzerland
2324:Netherlands
1258:p. 110–111
1059:p. 124–126
726:Rommel myth
571:Animal Farm
555:Tchaikovsky
416:Anti-German
127:Frank Capra
42:World War I
2484:Categories
2469:Yugoslavia
2359:San Marino
2319:Montenegro
2299:Luxembourg
2279:Kazakhstan
2182:Azerbaijan
2147:Propaganda
2076:1982 also
748:References
614:Blitzkrieg
596:Morse code
362:platform.
328:Home Guard
276:Home Guard
244:Resistance
194:Phoney War
107:Uncensored
53:propaganda
2294:Lithuania
2149:in Europe
2022:, p. 190
1926:, p. 214
1552:, p. 195
1469:, p. 299
1449:, p. 201
1396:, p. 163
803:, p. 133.
588:Beethoven
492:Hong Kong
482:Although
453:The film
283:Victories
207:Garibaldi
163:featured
139:Newsreels
62:newsreels
2422:Abkhazia
2374:Slovenia
2369:Slovakia
2344:Portugal
2202:Bulgaria
1966:, p. 29
1906:, p. 25
1512:, p. 40
1492:, p. 39
1080:Archived
684:See also
650:Keep mum
635:Fougasse
445:SS
357:Blackout
188:Leaflets
2399:Ukraine
2349:Romania
2309:Moldova
2267:Ireland
2262:Iceland
2257:Hungary
2247:Germany
2242:Georgia
2232:Finland
2227:Estonia
2222:Denmark
2207:Croatia
2192:Belgium
2187:Belarus
2177:Austria
2172:Armenia
2167:Andorra
2162:Albania
1740:p. 253
1704:p. 281
1684:p. 417
1664:p. 143
1324:p. 111
1304:p. 110
1039:p. 157
1016:p. 139
973:, p. 1
447:Athenia
292:Dunkirk
147:Posters
2427:Kosovo
2394:Turkey
2384:Sweden
2364:Serbia
2354:Russia
2339:Poland
2334:Norway
2314:Monaco
2284:Latvia
2252:Greece
2237:France
2212:Cyprus
2046:
2026:
1970:
1950:
1930:
1910:
1744:
1708:
1688:
1668:
1648:
1644:p. 73
1628:
1624:p. 63
1579:
1556:
1536:
1516:
1496:
1473:
1453:
1420:
1416:p. 17
1400:
1328:
1308:
1262:
1063:
1043:
1020:
997:
993:p. 41
977:
940:
872:
660:messes
532:Allies
426:Lidice
239:Themes
77:Cinema
2379:Spain
2304:Malta
2274:Italy
1575:p. 7
488:Burma
222:Radio
213:Books
87:film.
72:Media
66:radio
2044:ISBN
2024:ISBN
1968:ISBN
1948:ISBN
1928:ISBN
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1742:ISBN
1706:ISBN
1686:ISBN
1666:ISBN
1646:ISBN
1626:ISBN
1577:ISBN
1554:ISBN
1534:ISBN
1514:ISBN
1494:ISBN
1471:ISBN
1451:ISBN
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1398:ISBN
1326:ISBN
1306:ISBN
1260:ISBN
1061:ISBN
1041:ISBN
1018:ISBN
995:ISBN
975:ISBN
938:ISBN
870:ISBN
607:The
407:Axis
314:Work
304:U-47
175:trio
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