585:
1353:
800:, and Goethe himself said of him that "he had the gift of discriminating intellects and characters and setting each one in his place. He was inspired by the noblest good-will, the purest humanity, and with his whole soul desired only what was best. There was in him something of the divine. He would gladly have wrought the happiness of all mankind. And finally, he was greater than his surroundings. ... Everywhere he himself saw and judged, and in all circumstances his surest foundation was in himself." Karl August's correspondence with Goethe was published in 2 volumes at Weimar in 1863.
33:
635:
102:
736:), but his liberal attitude had already made him suspect, and his subsequent action brought him still further into confrontation with the reactionary powers. He was the first of the German princes to grant a liberal constitution to his state under Article XIII of the Act of Confederation (5 May 1816) and his concession of liberty to the press made Weimar for a while the focus of journalistic agitation against the existing order. Metternich dubbed him contemptuously
2827:
1368:
2841:
1606:
769:
1661:
728:(1815) Karl August was present in person and protested vainly against the narrow policy of the powers in confining their debates to the rights of the princes to the exclusion of the rights of the people. His services in the war of liberation were rewarded with an extension of territory and the title of grand duke (
580:
One of the first acts of the young duke was to summon Goethe to Weimar, and in 1776 he was made a member of the privy council. "People of discernment," the duke said, "congratulate me on possessing this man. His intellect, his genius is known. It makes no difference if the world is offended because I
760:
by his permission in 1817, though in effect the mildest of political demonstrations, brought down upon him the wrath of the great powers. The grand duke was compelled to yield to the remonstrances of
Prussia, Austria and Russia. The liberty of the press was again restricted in the grand duchy, but,
1468:, 16 November 1861), married firstly on 6 February 1825 to Fredericka von Geusau, with whom he had one son, who died in infancy, before they divorced in 1837; secondly he married on 14 May 1839 Josephine Karoline Emilie Trautmann, with whom he had one son and two daughters.
650:
Meanwhile, in the affairs of
Germany and of Europe the character of Karl August gave him an influence out of all proportion to his position as a sovereign prince. He had early faced the problem presented by the decay of the
811:, a soldier, who, after the Congress of Vienna, became colonel of a regiment in the service of the King of the Netherlands, served as commander of the Dutch troops in the Belgian campaign of 1830 (the
2228:
788:, the prince-primate, who owed the co-adjutorship of Mainz to the duke's friendship, said that he had never met a prince with so much understanding, character, frankness and true-heartedness; the
1637:
17:
604:
is said to have been developed by August and his court for hunting. Karl August was also interested in literature, in art, in science, funding Goethe and the foundation of the
1410:
2242:
547:
531:
2916:
1665:
615:
His aim was to educate his people to work out their own political and social salvation, the object of education being in his view, as he explained later to the dismay of
998:
713:(1806) followed. On 14 October, the day after the battle, Weimar was sacked, and Karl August, to prevent the confiscation of his territories, was forced to join the
1419:
1056:
808:
412:
1435:
581:
have made Dr Goethe a member of my most important collegium without his having passed through the stages of minor official professor and councillor of state."
1120:
1850:
1389:
804:
570:
402:
364:
142:
717:. From this time till after the Moscow campaign of 1812 his contingent fought on the French side in all Napoleon's wars. In 1813, however, he joined the
1621:
689:. In 1788 Karl August took service in the Prussian army as major-general in active command of a regiment. As such he was present, with Goethe, at the
2906:
1024:
1446:, 9 June 1779 – d. Weimar, 28 June 1830), married on 22 April 1817 to Anna Fredericka Henriette Müller. They had three sons who possibly died young.
1733:
1402:
962:
513:
437:
407:
250:
201:
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1204:
517:
447:
271:
225:
904:
1178:
2794:
1582:
Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et
Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans
1453:
2886:
2642:
2470:
1146:
705:(28–30 November). After this, dissatisfied with the attitude of the powers, he resigned, but rejoined on the accession of his friend King
2214:
1626:
2288:
685:, Joseph's intrigues were frustrated. He was, however, under no illusion as to the power of Austria, and he refused the offer of the
2372:
1266:
936:
2235:
2200:
2911:
2881:
574:
835:
2600:
2018:
878:
2544:
2274:
2158:
1975:
1880:
785:
2901:
2782:
1840:
1696:
831:
605:
489:
427:
116:
1587:
Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and
Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living
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1360:
76:
54:
47:
706:
2896:
584:
2614:
2365:
1642:
1240:
2039:
2891:
2876:
2809:
2088:
1815:
1764:
660:
149:
2400:
569:
on 3 October 1775, after he returned to Weimar and assumed the government of his duchy, Karl August married
2428:
830:
Karl August's only surviving daughter, Caroline Louise, married
Frederick Ludwig, Hereditary Grand Duke of
820:
710:
2505:
530:), and the boy was brought up under the regency and supervision of his mother. His governor was the Count
2579:
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2477:
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2414:
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2281:
2179:
1298:
718:
714:
643:
559:
2456:
2295:
1679:
2738:
2635:
2628:
2551:
2358:
2060:
1393:
1352:
2802:
2677:
2663:
2586:
2484:
2386:
2144:
2053:
2004:
1873:
721:, and at the beginning of 1814 took command of a corps of 30,000 men operating in the Netherlands.
702:
535:
107:
41:
1673:
631:
attained the zenith of its fame under his rule. Weimar became the intellectual centre of
Germany.
2698:
2684:
2523:
2323:
2172:
1357:
The children of Karl August and Luise
Auguste's: Charles Frederick, Caroline Louise and Bernhard.
620:
2752:
2593:
2565:
2421:
2393:
2379:
2330:
2309:
2186:
2116:
1934:
656:
616:
539:
58:
2491:
2095:
1580:
2656:
2621:
2032:
1915:
812:
694:
686:
232:
2871:
2866:
2705:
2463:
2067:
1904:
1485:
761:
thanks to the good understanding between the grand duke and his people, the regime of the
612:. Critics praised his judgment in painting; biologists found in him an expert in anatomy.
8:
2831:
2137:
2123:
1866:
698:
682:
183:
2498:
2081:
2407:
725:
634:
628:
624:
341:
337:
639:
2759:
2449:
2344:
2193:
1956:
1475:
816:
753:
664:
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609:
500:
from 1815 until his death. He is noted for the intellectual brilliance of his court.
391:
302:
2537:
2221:
2789:
2775:
2649:
2607:
2572:
2267:
2011:
1942:
839:
762:
101:
2109:
2767:
2435:
2260:
1968:
1759:
1704:
1497:
August von
Heygendorff (b. Weimar, 10 August 1810 – d. Dresden, 23 January 1874).
757:
690:
550:, and in the same year the two princes set out, with Count Görtz and Knebel, for
493:
211:
1430:
In addition, Karl August acknowledged five children by him born out of wedlock:
2845:
2731:
2691:
2102:
2074:
1799:
747:
485:
168:
1589:] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 101.
1443:
675:
2860:
2165:
2151:
2046:
2025:
1808:
1773:
1617:
1612:
1383:
Luise
Auguste Amalie (b. Weimar, 3 February 1779 – d. Weimar, 24 March 1784).
824:
481:
215:
1630:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 939–940.
671:, and he was the prime mover in the establishment of the league of princes (
663:, which threatened to absorb a great part of Germany into the heterogeneous
2351:
1646:(in German), vol. 15, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 338–355
2229:
Frederick
Christian II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
1858:
2745:
1930:
1923:
1804:
1740:
1672:
1423:
1406:
477:
457:
298:
261:
768:
1960:
1949:
1911:
1889:
595:
497:
1506:, 10 August 1836), married on 15 October 1835 to Daniel, Baron Tindal.
2442:
1503:
1367:
619:
and his school, to help men to independence of judgment. To this end
566:
555:
307:
2840:
1611:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1489:
1461:
777:
668:
601:
422:
408:
Caroline Louise, Hereditary Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
350:
329:
311:
823:(1823–1902), entered the British army and ended his career as a
765:
pressed less heavily upon Weimar than upon other German states.
1660:
1372:
815:), and from 1847 to 1850 held the command of the forces in the
781:
543:
524:
509:
346:
333:
294:
1411:
Frederick Louis, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
789:
551:
854:
Ancestors of Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1465:
527:
473:
2243:
Friedrich Ferdinand Constantin von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach
999:
George Frederick Charles, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
438:
Ernest Augustus II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach
1530:, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. 1961, p.193
1057:
Princess Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
1635:
1552:
1533:
1502:
Mariana von Heygendorff (b. Weimar, 8 April 1812 – d.
514:
Ernst August II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach
1390:
Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1083:
Charles Augustus, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
472:(3 September 1757 – 14 June 1828), was the sovereign
403:
Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1666:
Charles Augustus, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1638:
Karl August (GroĂźherzog von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach)
834:, and was the mother of Helene (1814–1858), wife of
819:. Bernhard's son, William Augustus Edward, known as
2917:
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
1121:
Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
709:to the Prussian throne. The disastrous campaign of
1379:Karl August and Luise Auguste had seven children:
772:Karl August as Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.
588:1805 portrait of Karl August, Duke of Saxe-Weimar.
523:His father died when he was only nine months old (
1386:a daughter (b. and d. Weimar, 10 September 1781).
1025:Princess Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
2858:
1692:Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
963:Ernest Augustus II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
2131:Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
905:Ernest Augustus I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
18:Carl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
2795:Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism
1409:, 20 January 1816), married on 1 July 1810 to
1874:
1205:Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
794:
792:, when he visited their city, called him the
681:) in 1785, by which, under the leadership of
638:Engraving depicting Karl August walking with
558:, Knebel introduced Karl August to the young
518:Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
448:Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
1179:Duchess Antoinette of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
745:
738:
730:
673:
593:
1888:
1399:a son (b. and d. Weimar, 26 February 1785).
1881:
1867:
546:as tutor to his brother, the young Prince
538:was appointed his tutor. In 1774 the poet
100:
2471:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
1147:Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
2907:German commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
2373:Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg
2215:Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-LĂĽneburg
1616:
1567:
1546:
1416:a son (b. and d. Weimar, 13 April 1789).
1366:
1351:
1267:Princess Philippine Charlotte of Prussia
937:Princess Sophie Auguste of Anhalt-Zerbst
767:
633:
583:
40:This article includes a list of general
2289:Leopold Friedrich GĂĽnther von Goeckingk
2236:Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
2201:Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
744:for his patronage of the revolutionary
14:
2859:
1220:
1100:
1096:
1086:
978:
868:
864:
575:Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
380:
1862:
1296:
1286:
1282:
1270:
1264:
1254:
1238:
1228:
1224:
1208:
1202:
1192:
1176:
1166:
1162:
1150:
1144:
1134:
1118:
1108:
1104:
1080:
1070:
1054:
1044:
1040:
1028:
1022:
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996:
986:
982:
966:
960:
950:
934:
924:
920:
908:
902:
892:
876:
872:
667:monarchy, threw him into the arms of
365:Landgravine Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt
2545:Dietrich Heinrich Ludwig von Ompteda
2275:Otto Heinrich von Gemmingen-Hornberg
2159:Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg
1976:Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria
879:John Ernest III, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
26:
2887:Grand dukes of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
2783:New World Order (conspiracy theory)
2643:Johan Philip Stadion von Warthausen
1299:Princess Sophia Dorothea of Hanover
836:Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans
606:Weimar Princely Free Drawing School
24:
2019:August von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg
1841:Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1488:(b. Weimar, 25 December 1806 – d.
117:Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
89:Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
46:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
2928:
1653:
1392:(b. Weimar, 2 February 1783 – d.
1361:Johann Friedrich August Tischbein
2839:
2826:
2825:
1659:
1636:Franz Xaver von Wegele (1882), "
1604:
1442:Johann Karl Sebastian Klein (b.
840:Louis Philippe I, King of France
807:, by whom he was succeeded, and
31:
376:
159:20 September 1809 – 9 June 1815
2601:Ernst Friedrich von Schlotheim
1643:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
1573:
1520:
1405:(b. Weimar, 18 July 1786 – d.
1241:Frederick William I of Prussia
548:Frederick Ferdinand Constantin
242:28 May 1758– 20 September 1809
193:28 May 1758– 20 September 1809
13:
1:
2912:Generals of Cavalry (Prussia)
2882:Dukes of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
2810:Illuminati in popular culture
2429:Ludwig I, Grand Duke of Hesse
2089:Johann Joachim Christoph Bode
1765:Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1697:House of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1597:
1486:Karl Wolfgang von Heygendorff
1478:(b. 1777 – d. 1848), created
1422:(b. Weimar, 30 May 1792 – d.
625:reform the educational system
2671:François-Charles de Velbrück
2615:Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring
1816:Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1460:Karl Wilhelm von Knebel (b.
1396:, near Weimar, 8 July 1853).
821:Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar
803:He left two surviving sons:
693:in 1792, and in 1794 at the
655:, and began to work for the
503:
150:Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
7:
2580:Christian Gotthilf Salzmann
2531:Christoph Friedrich Nicolai
2478:Daniel Gotthilf Moldenhawer
2208:Johann Georg Heinrich Feder
2040:Aloys Basselet von La Rosée
1783:Dowager Duchess Anna Amalia
1750:Dowager Duchess Anna Amalia
1347:
845:
512:, he was the eldest son of
272:Dowager Duchess Anna Amalia
226:Dowager Duchess Anna Amalia
10:
2933:
2902:18th-century German people
2559:Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
2415:Franz Michael Leuchsenring
2401:Christian Gottfried Körner
2338:Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland
2317:August Adolph von Hennings
2303:Karl August von Hardenberg
2282:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
2180:Christian Wilhelm von Dohm
1214:
1098:
972:
866:
715:Confederation of the Rhine
644:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
623:was summoned to Weimar to
516:(Ernest Augustus II), and
468:, sometimes anglicised as
126:9 June 1815 – 14 June 1828
2819:
2739:Rite of Strict Observance
2723:
2636:Anton Matthias Sprickmann
2629:Ludwig Timotheus Spittler
2552:Christian Adolph Overbeck
2515:
2506:Johann Karl August Musäus
2359:Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi
2252:
2061:Johann Joachim Bellermann
1996:
1992:
1985:
1896:
1847:
1838:
1829:
1813:
1792:
1771:
1757:
1738:
1730:
1725:
1690:
1632:This work in turn cites:
1371:Statue of Karl August in
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1248:
1226:
1222:
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1164:
1156:
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99:
94:
2678:Franz Michael Vierthaler
2664:Johann Nepomuk von Triva
2587:Friedrich Schlichtegroll
2485:Maximilian von Montgelas
2387:Johann Friedrich Kleuker
2145:Hieronymus von Colloredo
2054:Rudolph Zacharias Becker
2005:Jacob Friedrich von Abel
1674:"Charles Augustus"
1528:The Education of Nations
1513:
536:Christoph Martin Wieland
532:Johann Eustach von Görtz
492:from its creation (as a
108:Heinrich Christoph Kolbe
2699:Lorenz von Westenrieder
2685:Wilderich of Walderdorf
2524:Christian Gottlob Neefe
2457:August Gottlieb MeiĂźner
2324:Johann Gottfried Herder
2296:Johann Casimir Häffelin
2173:Johann Georg von Dillis
1969:Congress of Wilhelmsbad
1890:Order of the Illuminati
1680:The American Cyclopædia
1627:Encyclopædia Britannica
1464:, 18 January 1796 – d.
659:. The plans of Emperor
61:more precise citations.
2897:Dukes of Saxe-Eisenach
2753:Enlightened absolutism
2594:Johann Georg Schlosser
2566:Karl Leonhard Reinhold
2422:Justus Christian Loder
2380:Martin Gottlieb Klauer
2331:Andreas Joseph Hofmann
2310:Lorenz Leopold Haschka
2187:Karl von Eckartshausen
2117:Joachim Heinrich Campe
1935:Freemasonry in Germany
1376:
1364:
795:
773:
746:
739:
731:
674:
647:
594:
589:
540:Karl Ludwig von Knebel
2657:Gottfried van Swieten
2622:Joseph von Sonnenfels
2366:Karl von Hesse-Kassel
2033:Karl Friedrich Bahrdt
1916:Liberalism in Germany
1824:Raised to Grand Duke
1774:Duke of Saxe-Eisenach
1370:
1355:
771:
752:, and the celebrated
707:Frederick William III
637:
587:
488:) from 1758, Duke of
233:Duke of Saxe-Eisenach
178:Raised to grand duchy
2892:Dukes of Saxe-Weimar
2877:Nobility from Weimar
2706:Franz Xaver von Zach
2464:Ludwig August Mellin
2068:Johann Erich Biester
1905:Age of Enlightenment
1702:Cadet branch of the
1668:at Wikimedia Commons
1480:Frau von Heygendorff
1456:(b. 1777 – d. 1852)
1438:(b. 1755 – d. 1828)
1436:Eva Dorothea Wiegand
832:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
776:Karl August died at
490:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
428:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
299:Duchy of Saxe-Weimar
2492:Johannes von MĂĽller
2138:Philipp von Cobenzl
2124:Christian Cannabich
2096:Johann Michael Böck
1741:Duke of Saxe-Weimar
1492:, 17 February 1895)
701:(14 September) and
699:Battle of Pirmasenz
683:Frederick the Great
184:Duke of Saxe-Weimar
2846:Society portal
2408:Karl Heinrich Lang
1734:Ernest Augustus II
1377:
1365:
813:Ten Days' Campaign
774:
740:der grosse Bursche
726:Congress of Vienna
648:
629:University of Jena
590:
342:Kingdom of Prussia
338:Province of Saxony
251:Ernest Augustus II
202:Ernest Augustus II
167:New creation from
2854:
2853:
2760:Weimar Classicism
2719:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2450:Christoph Meiners
2345:Gottlieb Hufeland
2194:Rudolf Eickemeyer
1957:French Revolution
1857:
1856:
1848:Succeeded by
1664:Media related to
1476:Karoline Jagemann
1394:Schloss Belvedere
1344:
1343:
1340:
1339:
817:Dutch East Indies
653:Holy Roman Empire
610:Weimar Classicism
463:
462:
354:
315:
303:Holy Roman Empire
143:Charles Frederick
134:Raised from duchy
87:
86:
79:
16:(Redirected from
2924:
2844:
2843:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2790:Augustin Barruel
2785:
2778:
2776:Anti-Catholicism
2771:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2650:Maximilian Stoll
2645:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2608:Nikolaus Simrock
2603:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2573:Franz Anton Ries
2568:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2508:
2501:
2499:Friedrich MĂĽnter
2494:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2403:
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2319:
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2872:1828 deaths
2867:1757 births
2746:Josephinism
2222:Junius Frey
1931:Freemasonry
1924:Rationalism
1805:Saxe-Weimar
1444:StĂĽtzerbach
1424:Liebenstein
1407:Ludwigslust
784:, in 1828.
676:FĂĽrstenbund
478:Saxe-Weimar
466:Karl August
458:Lutheranism
262:Saxe-Weimar
260:Union with
247:Predecessor
198:Predecessor
164:Predecessor
131:Predecessor
59:introducing
2861:Categories
1961:Jacobinism
1950:Secularism
1912:Liberalism
1845:1815–1828
1820:1809–1815
1598:References
732:GroĂźherzog
617:Metternich
596:Weimaraner
498:grand duke
288:1757-09-03
42:references
2443:Beda Mayr
1831:New title
1794:New title
1787:(1758–75)
1778:1758–1809
1754:(1758–75)
1745:1758–1809
1504:The Hague
661:Joseph II
567:Karlsruhe
556:Frankfurt
504:Biography
308:Thuringia
257:Successor
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2832:Category
2724:See also
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846:Ancestry
790:Milanese
756:held at
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697:and the
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627:and the
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1897:History
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312:Germany
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782:Torgau
621:Herder
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544:Weimar
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510:Weimar
444:Mother
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347:Saxony
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