4245:, while Schleswig was a part of Denmark). The situation was complicated by the fact that for some time, the Duchies were divided among collateral branches of the House of Oldenburg (the ruling House in Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein). Besides the "main" Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein-Glückstadt, ruled by the Kings of Denmark, there were states encompassing territory in both Duchies. Notably the Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp and the subordinate Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Beck, Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg and Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg.
152:
5092:(12 August 1825 - 29 December 1825). Bolívar had, as President and military Commander-in-Chief of Colombia, led a Colombian army to secure Peruvian independence in 1824-25, and was given the office of President by the Patriot republican governments of both Peru and Bolivia (renamed in his honor from "Upper Peru") as an emergency measure to help secure independence from Spain. After the end of the war, Bolívar relinquished his Peruvian and Bolivian offices and returned to Colombia.
2206:
1386:
36:
4199:
was initially a double duchy, ruled by Duke Ernest I in a personal union. In 1852, the duchies were bound in a political and real union. They were then a quasi-federal unitary state, even though later attempts to merge the duchies failed.
2362:(i.e., the constitutions of the states clearly express that they shall share the same person as head of state) or non-codified, in which case they can easily be broken (e.g., by the death of the monarch when the two states have different
2501:) to 1316. At that time, Goryeo had already become a vassal of Mongol Empire and Mongol imperial family and the Goryeo royal family had close relationship by marriages of convenience. Because he was a very powerful man during
2274:, a central (federal) government spanning all member states exists, with the degree of self-governance distinguishing the two. The ruler in a personal union does not need to be a hereditary monarch.
5045:
Because heads of state and government of republics are ordinarily chosen from within the citizens of the state in question, sovereign republics very rarely share common leaders. A few examples are:
2623:
did not take up the title, all versions of France since 1806 regardless of their government form have accepted that their head of state is an ex officio co-prince. This led to personal unions with:
5361:
4305:, to the joint English and Irish throne. (All monarchs of Scotland were in a personal union with England and Ireland throughout the period 1603–1707, with the exception of
2266:, by contrast, involves the constituent states being to some extent interlinked, such as by sharing some limited governmental institutions. Unlike a personal union, in a
5354:
637:
5347:
2234:
4265:
of
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt succeeded also to the throne of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, until 1918, when he (and all the other German monarchs) abdicated.
2321:, where ex-colonies install the monarch of the former colonizing power as their own upon becoming independent, e.g. several former members of the
3664:
4043:) died, Peter became also king of Portugal for only a few weeks, after which he abdicated the Portuguese throne in favor of his older daughter,
4216:
were in personal union from 1741, when the ruling house of Saxe-Eisenach died out, until 1809, when they were merged into the single duchy of
2521:, Chungseon's eldest son, became the new King of Goryeo. In 1316, the Mongol Empire made Chungseon abdicate the crown of Shen in favour of
3418:
3400:
3211:
4619:
5622:
1451:
3204:
2489:
King
Chungseon reigned as King of Goryeo in 1298 and 1308–1313 and as King of Shenyang or King of Shen from 1307 (according to the
1665:
5746:
4076:
2227:
1278:
3879:
2842:
1244:
5330:
5073:
4764:
3930:
3650:
871:
845:
100:
3547:) decided to end the personal union, since they did not want to be governed from Hungary, and chose Louis' younger daughter
2845:, became ruler of both countries. Brandenburg and Prussia maintained separate governments and seats of power in Berlin and
2446:) died, Pedro also became King of Portugal, but abdicated the Portuguese throne 79 days later in favour of his older child
1414:
72:
3916:
3492:
3108:
3042:
830:
430:
5709:
5290:
5263:
5229:
3908:
3693:
3156:
2220:
553:
79:
3726:
2870:
2838:
119:
4262:
4986:
4241:
The kings of
Denmark at the same time being dukes of Schleswig and Holstein 1460–1864. (Holstein being part of the
3430:
2924:
2917:
2891:
2747:
4732:
3883:
3210:— already heir to the throne of France — would create a personal union that would upset the European
2813:
2743:
2732:
2105:
1285:
876:
53:
672:
86:
4691:
4627:
4409:
4196:
3896:
3714:
3689:
3426:
1912:
1867:
1000:
593:
57:
4094:, 1707–1806 and 1814–1848. The King of Prussia exchanged territories with France during the 1806–1814 interim.
4564:
4420:
4398:
3787:
3718:
3474:
3223:
3200:
3188:
2809:
2786:
2600:
2539:
1738:
221:
151:
5339:
3561:
Personal union with
Bohemia, 1419–1439 (with both in interregnum during 1437–1438), 1453–1457 and 1490–1918.
4847:
4831:
2953:
2691:
712:
68:
2563:
5602:
5194:
5182:
4234:
3956:
3707:
3521:
2684:
2509:. However, he lost his power in the Mongol imperial court after the death of the Külüg Khan. Because the
1932:
1447:
1062:
5767:
5096:
4877:
4837:
4698:
4635:
4061:
4044:
3203:
was the fear that the succession to the
Spanish throne dictated by Spanish law, which would devolve on
3192:
2666:
2336:
1753:
1234:
1057:
866:
746:
415:
5453:
5186:
5178:
5174:
4905:
4461:
4258:
3318:
3314:
3276:
3270:
3010:
2615:, who issued an edict that his position should be held by the French Head of State. While during the
2582:. It is through this feudal co-prince that the Principality has entered partial personal union with:
1239:
1094:
840:
500:
5190:
445:
5772:
4785:
4036:
3952:
3635:
3407:
3280:
3260:
2866:
2801:
2439:
1503:
1407:
583:
533:
340:
4039:
when he declared the independence of Brazil in 1822, becoming its first emperor. When his father (
3649:(1937–1949), with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. (The period 1937–1949
2442:
when he declared the independence of Brazil in 1822, becoming its first emperor. When his father (
2278:
682:
5371:
3685:
3581:
3322:
2967:
2827:
2161:
1728:
956:
563:
231:
46:
5658:
5403:
5398:
5100:
4893:
4853:
4325:
4254:
4155:
3758:
3119:
3074:
2850:
2763:
2649:
2641:
2348:
2176:
1743:
1327:
1074:
835:
642:
298:
5219:
4372:
4091:
5388:
5020:
5004:
4859:
4825:
4791:
4746:
4306:
3538:
3437:
3378:
3332:
3302:
3256:
3214:; France had the most powerful military in Europe at the time, and Spain the largest empire.
3031:
2653:
2645:
2620:
2571:
2416:
2385:
2344:
2171:
2034:
1631:
1160:
1104:
736:
179:
19:
This article is about the political arrangement. For the
Christian theological teaching, see
5253:
667:
455:
93:
5673:
5448:
5066:
4899:
4803:
4590:
4549:
4523:
4287:
4283:
4217:
3984:
3310:
3149:
2797:
2698:
2631:
1187:
817:
806:
756:
717:
707:
657:
647:
465:
8:
5688:
5668:
5582:
5544:
5519:
5108:
5050:
4998:
4612:
4594:
4575:
4465:
4441:
4310:
4275:
4230:
4124:
4080:
4057:
4040:
3878:
Personal union with Sweden from 1814 (when Norway declared independence from
Denmark and
3849:
ruled both
England and Denmark from 1018 to 1035. He also ruled Norway from 1028 to 1035.
3801:
3762:
3628:
3567:
Personal union with the Holy Roman Empire, 1410–1439, 1556–1608, 1612–1740 and 1780–1806.
3336:
3248:
3231:
3160:
3145:
3138:
3134:
3123:
3067:
3049:
2946:
2759:
2739:
2716:
2627:
2514:
2474:
2447:
2443:
2389:
2377:
2363:
2305:
2095:
2004:
1961:
1748:
1513:
1400:
1332:
790:
777:
764:
288:
3843:
ruled both Norway and
Denmark from 999 to 1014. He also ruled England from 1013 to 1014.
490:
440:
5492:
5121:
5077:
5024:
4920:
4809:
4779:
4753:
4601:
4475:
4451:
4437:
4368:
4298:
4294:
4098:
4087:
4072:
4012:
3923:
3853:
3813:
3809:
3740:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3599:
3528:
3449:
3411:
3371:
3344:
3328:
3294:
3264:
3167:
3101:
3053:
2988:
2974:
2935:
2906:
2899:
2877:
2853:
2612:
2586:
2518:
2369:
The concept of a personal union has only very rarely crossed over from monarchies into
2359:
2326:
2309:
1733:
1518:
1493:
1352:
1229:
1170:
1099:
897:
884:
858:
515:
360:
226:
4447:
4433:
3558:
Personal union with Naples from 1385 to 1386 under the reign of
Charles III of Naples.
3436:
The personal union was interrupted from 1807 to 1813 when Hanover was merged into the
5549:
5443:
5413:
5326:
5286:
5259:
5225:
5104:
4883:
4819:
4797:
4718:
4631:
4579:
4571:
4560:
4553:
4535:
4505:
4495:
4485:
4457:
4416:
4405:
4383:
4353:
4279:
4242:
4176:
4032:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3805:
3783:
3776:
3754:
3585:
3548:
3496:
3488:
3463:
3445:
3340:
3298:
3290:
3237:
3115:
3038:
3003:
2939:
2751:
2720:
2712:
2616:
2596:
2592:
2543:
2435:
2313:
2301:
2297:
2166:
1887:
1718:
1670:
1498:
1431:
1357:
1342:
1261:
951:
822:
769:
751:
697:
677:
662:
652:
485:
470:
420:
400:
268:
216:
211:
189:
184:
136:
3941:
3180:
since 1607 (the French head of state is one of two joint heads of state in Andorra).
5731:
5716:
5567:
5428:
5423:
5170:
4962:
4911:
4760:
4648:
4527:
4511:
4501:
4387:
4379:
4169:
4065:
3769:
3671:
3642:
3533:
3306:
3284:
3060:
2996:
2910:
2834:
2790:
2728:
2575:
2550:
2412:
1999:
1922:
1892:
1766:
1508:
1488:
1369:
1268:
1217:
702:
617:
313:
283:
236:
20:
3564:
Personal union with the Archduchy of Austria, 1437–1439, 1444–1457, and 1526–1806.
5704:
5627:
5617:
5529:
5512:
5433:
5408:
5280:
5141:
4968:
4865:
4531:
4515:
4491:
4481:
4471:
4364:
4314:
4008:
3990:
3912:
3904:
3840:
3808:
and the reign of their three sons, and from 1589 to 1620 due to the accession of
3747:
3577:
3552:
3441:
3252:
2505:'s reign, he could become the King of Shenyang where many Korean people lived in
2502:
2491:
2210:
2183:
2039:
2029:
1826:
1723:
1390:
961:
889:
853:
785:
692:
687:
632:
505:
480:
425:
5502:
5476:
5131:
4871:
4726:
4722:
4706:
4583:
4519:
4394:
4321:
4302:
4183:
4151:
4138:
3994:
3945:
3900:
3846:
3130:
3097:
3017:
2724:
2705:
2340:
2322:
2318:
2293:
2255:
2188:
2119:
2024:
1857:
1771:
1199:
1121:
627:
385:
263:
5107:. He tried to unify the two countries, but his efforts failed, leading to the
5761:
5597:
5497:
5463:
5393:
5369:
5166:
5126:
5081:
4714:
4608:
4213:
4102:
4025:
3572:
2604:
2579:
2510:
2470:
2352:
2271:
2075:
1970:
1872:
1862:
1703:
1317:
1212:
1192:
1182:
995:
520:
510:
450:
410:
405:
246:
5069:. This status was inherited from the role of the French monarchs in Andorra.
2846:
5736:
5632:
5612:
5607:
5572:
5146:
5136:
4669:
4357:
3869:
3467:
2928:
2895:
2662:
2635:
2124:
2051:
2045:
2019:
2014:
1990:
1980:
1917:
1806:
1626:
1550:
1177:
1052:
1017:
801:
622:
495:
460:
318:
5319:
Unions and Divisions: New Forms of Rule in Medieval and Renaissance Europe
4662:
1111:
5663:
5587:
4980:
4950:
4938:
4209:
4035:(Peter IV of Portugal), from 10 March 1826 to 28 May 1826. Peter was the
3800:
Personal union with France from 1285 to 1328 due to the marriage between
2755:
2670:
2381:
2129:
2114:
2056:
1927:
1791:
1590:
1585:
1565:
1555:
1545:
1347:
1312:
1084:
1042:
988:
946:
916:
741:
475:
355:
256:
2517:
abdicate the crown of the Goryeo in 1313, the personal union was ended.
2419:, who continued as king of Belgium until his death a year later in 1909.
2205:
1385:
5741:
5683:
5648:
5539:
5534:
5471:
5438:
5380:
4248:
3827:
2267:
2263:
2134:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2066:
1907:
1698:
1580:
1575:
1439:
1204:
1155:
1079:
573:
395:
323:
174:
3551:
as their new ruler, while Hungary was inherited by his elder daughter
2525:, one of his nephews, resulting in him becoming the new King of Shen.
1010:
5726:
5678:
5322:
5317:
Srodecki, Paul; Kersken, Norbert; Petrauskas, Rimvydas, eds. (2023).
4932:
4813:
4142:
4116:
3722:
3422:
3024:
2805:
1937:
1831:
1821:
1816:
1801:
1796:
1786:
1660:
1621:
1610:
1605:
1595:
1560:
1528:
1472:
1467:
1337:
1322:
1273:
1224:
1133:
1089:
1069:
1037:
981:
971:
926:
921:
543:
350:
333:
303:
3872:
with Denmark and Sweden from 1389/97 to 1521/23 (sometimes defunct).
2438:(Pedro IV of Portugal), from 10 March to 28 May 1826. Pedro was the
35:
5721:
5592:
5418:
4887:
4841:
4775:
4623:
4534:
were suppressed and the same law was applied, turning Spain into a
4120:
3856:, who died of unclear circumstances, ruled both Norway and Denmark.
3555:. Personal union with Poland for the second time from 1440 to 1444.
3543:
3184:
2506:
2497:
2466:
2415:
became a Belgian colony. The only sovereign during this period was
2370:
2332:
2252:
2009:
1570:
1540:
1483:
1307:
1251:
1116:
976:
345:
278:
143:
24:
3107:
Personal union with the Kingdom of England (1422–1453). See also:
2960:
5653:
5089:
5062:
5058:
4956:
4944:
4702:
4673:
4309:, reigning solely as King of Scots 1649–1651, and the subsequent
3510:
3481:
3241:
3227:
3177:
2992:
2894:(986–995, 1000–1014, 1028–1035, 1042–1047, 1380–1397, 1397–1523 (
2567:
2522:
2259:
1811:
1648:
1638:
1364:
1256:
1165:
1047:
1005:
966:
435:
293:
273:
241:
169:
3692:(1386–1401, 1447–1492 and 1501–1569), then transformed into the
3646:
3527:
Personal union with Poland from 1370 to 1382 under the reign of
2480:
As King of Goryeo (高麗國王) and King of Shenyang (瀋陽王) in 1308–1310
5577:
5507:
4992:
4974:
4926:
4710:
4684:
4677:
4655:
2779:
Personal union with Poland (1300–1306) and Hungary (1301–1305).
2776:
Personal union with Poland under Polish occupation (1003–1004).
2656:
2262:
while their boundaries, laws, and interests remain distinct. A
1975:
1295:
328:
4634:, which still considered these territories to be part of the
1300:
1290:
390:
251:
3713:
Personal union with the Netherlands from 1815 to 1890, when
3537:. Louis inherited the Polish throne from his maternal uncle
3016:
Personal union, as Kingdom of England, with much of France (
2687:(1260–1276, 1306–1307, 1438–1439, 1453–1457, and 1526–1918).
2562:
Due to Andorra's special government form resulting from the
5085:
3631:(1603–1649 then again following the restoration 1660–1707).
1128:
4890:; 1965–1970), which was not recognized by any other state.
3743:
from 1385 to 1386 under the rule of Charles II of Hungary.
3531:. This period in Polish history is sometimes known as the
2376:
There are currently two personal unions in the world: the
5316:
4367:
from 1282 to 1285 and 1409 to 1516 under the rule of the
3230:
were connected power of the monarch in 300–90 years BCE (
16:
Situation of two states sharing a monarch without merging
3729:
succeeded to the Grand Duchy, ending the personal union.
3335:
united under the rule of a single monarch in 1681–1683 (
3297:
united under the rule of a single monarch in 1513–1520 (
2411:
Personal union with Belgium from 1885 to 1908, when the
2288:
Personal unions can arise for several reasons, such as:
5282:
The Solution of the Karelian Refugee Problem in Finland
5088:(10 February 1824 – 28 January 1827), and President of
2782:
Personal union with Luxembourg (1313–1378, 1383–1388).
5173:, which they ruled in a personal union. For example,
3244:
were connected power of the monarch in 109 BCE-64 CE.
5285:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 2.
4249:
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
3421:
from 1801 to 1807 and again from 1814 to 1837, when
2483:
As King of Goryeo and King of Shen (瀋王) in 1310–1313
2796:
Personal union with Austria and Hungary 1438–1439 (
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5217:
3473:Personal union with Spain from 1519 to 1556 under
3273:were connected power of the monarch in 1020s–1104.
4630:of this country, which was not recognized by the
4320:Personal union, as Kingdom of Scotland, with the
4293:Personal union, as Kingdom of Scotland, with the
4037:Prince Royal of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
2440:Prince Royal of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
5759:
4203:
3634:Personal union, as Kingdom of Ireland, with the
3627:Personal union, as Kingdom of Ireland, with the
3009:Personal union, as Kingdom of England, with the
5099:was simultaneously elected as the president of
5057:a constitutional monarch (or, more accurately,
3259:. In 1010 it united (together with the annexed
2405:
2395:
5084:(24 February 1819 - 4 May 1830), President of
5040:
3484:1410–1439, 1556–1608, 1612–1740 and 1780–1806.
2659:(1848–1852, 1870–1940, 1944–1958, since 1958).
5355:
4190:
3283:in the 1557–1660 years under the rule of the
2841:, died without male heirs and his son-in-law
2228:
1408:
5218:Oppenheim, Lassa; Roxbrough, Ronald (2005).
4680:from 1389/97 to 1521/23 (sometimes defunct).
3957:1386 to 1401, 1447 to 1492, and 1501 to 1569
3541:. After Louis' death the Polish nobles (the
3073:Personal union, as Kingdom of England, with
3066:Personal union, as Kingdom of England, with
3059:Personal union, as Kingdom of England, with
3048:Personal union, as Kingdom of England, with
3037:Personal union, as Kingdom of England, with
3030:Personal union, as Kingdom of England, with
3023:Personal union, as Kingdom of England, with
3002:Personal union, as Kingdom of England, with
5321:(First ed.). London and New York, NY:
3862:Personal union with Denmark (1380-1389/97).
3429:ascending the British throne and her uncle
3401:Personal union of Great Britain and Hanover
5362:
5348:
4620:Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca
3933:(1301–1305, 1370–1382 and 1440–1444) (see
2235:
2221:
1415:
1401:
5255:Hanover and the British Empire, 1700–1837
5211:
4223:
2589:(1479–1620, then integrated into France).
2285:(Elements of German Public Law) of 1760.
1452:List of countries by system of government
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
4697:Swedish kings united their kingdom with
4419:from 1735 to 1806 under the rule of the
4382:from 1516 to 1713 under the rule of the
4356:from 1194 to 1254 under the rule of the
3875:Personal union with Denmark (1523-1814).
3786:from 1735 to 1806 under the rule of the
3570:Real union with Austria, 1867–1918 (the
5278:
5251:
4301:(1603–1707) following the accession of
4261:were in personal union from 1909, when
3865:Personal union with Sweden (1449-1450).
3859:Personal union with Sweden (1319-1343).
3852:Personal union with Denmark 1042–1047.
3006:(1066–1087, 1106–1144, 1154–1204/1259).
2785:Personal union with Hungary 1419–1437 (
2384:as their head of state, and one of the
5760:
3948:in 1345–1351, 1381–1382 and 1435–1495.
2843:John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg
2694:(1437–1439, 1444–1457, and 1526–1918).
846:Proclamation of the Republic in Brazil
5343:
5074:Spanish American Wars of Independence
3987:(1697–1706, 1709–1733 and 1734–1763).
3602:, when the country became a republic.
2854:consolidated them into one government
2277:The term was coined by German jurist
4408:from 1720 to 1734 under the rule of
4397:from 1713 to 1720 under the rule of
4313:between 1651 and restoration of the
3816:was formally integrated into France.
3456:
2434:Personal union with Portugal, under
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
5169:had themselves elected to separate
4352:Union (or personal union) with the
4339:
3917:Personal union of Poland and Saxony
3387:
3109:Dual monarchy of England and France
3043:Dual monarchy of England and France
778:Establishment of the Dutch monarchy
13:
4335:
4031:Personal union with Brazil, under
3083:
2938:(1086–1364, 1460–1864) and County/
14:
5784:
4739:
2871:Croatia in the union with Hungary
2839:Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia
2611:In 1607 the feudal co-prince was
5080:was simultaneously President of
4987:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
4919:Personal union with the current
4626:) (1810–1813), according to the
4324:(1689–1702) during the reign of
4229:Duchies with peculiar rules for
4077:Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
3620:(1542–1649 then again following
3351:
3199:Note: The point at issue in the
2748:Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
2283:Elementa iuris publici germanici
2251:is a combination of two or more
2204:
1384:
747:Foundation of the Ottoman Empire
150:
34:
5370:Autonomous types of first-tier
5310:
5165:In the Holy Roman Empire, many
5072:During the later stages of the
4774:Personal union with the former
4526:(1707–1715) when the crowns of
3715:King and Grand Duke William III
3520:Personal union with Poland and
3096:Personal union, as part of the
2578:, the other was originally the
877:Spanish transition to democracy
554:Les Six livres de la République
45:needs additional citations for
5272:
5245:
5159:
4692:Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
4286:(1559–1560), first husband of
4197:Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
3909:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
3897:Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
3820:
3725:, Wilhelmina's distant cousin
3717:died leaving only a daughter,
3694:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
3690:Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
3157:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
3137:(1499–1500 and 1500–1512) and
2849:respectively until 1701, when
2820:
2762:(1797–1805 and 1814–1918) and
1913:Intergovernmental organisation
1868:Separation of church and state
594:Democracy: The God That Failed
1:
5221:International Law: A Treatise
5204:
4204:Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach
4060:: personal union between the
3700:
3362:
3271:Kingdom of Kakheti and Hereti
3201:War of the Spanish Succession
2954:County of Palatinate-Neumarkt
2830:(1415 to 1440, 1470 to 1486).
2669:, 1940–1944, in dispute with
872:Birth of the Italian Republic
5033:
4001:
3934:
3678:
3598:Personal union with Denmark
3514:
3466:from 1194 to 1254 under the
3358:
2692:Lands of the Hungarian Crown
2406:Congo Free State and Belgium
2396:Monarchies in personal union
1710:(socio-political ideologies)
7:
5195:Prince-Bishop of Hildesheim
5183:Prince-Bishop of Regensburg
5115:
5041:Republics in personal union
4268:
4235:Schleswig-Holstein Question
4195:In 1826, the newly created
4162:
4150:Personal union between the
4137:Personal union between the
4019:
3978:Duchy of Ruthenia (Ukraine)
3940:Personal union between the
3721:. Since Luxembourg held to
3321:in 1762 under the reign of
2733:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
2685:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
2634:French Empires (1806–1814,
2423:
2335:, e.g. instead of annexing
1778:(socio-economic ideologies)
1448:List of forms of government
831:Austro-Hungarian Compromise
757:Birth of the Dutch Republic
10:
5789:
5097:Marthinus Wessel Pretorius
4729:(1583–1595 and 1617–1721).
4646:
4636:Viceroyalty of New Granada
4518:from 1516 to 1715, during
4498:(1442–1458 and 1504–1516).
4454:(1037–1065 and 1072–1230).
4399:Victor Amadeus II of Savoy
4191:Saxe-Coburg and Saxe-Gotha
4109:
4062:Margraviate of Brandenburg
4051:
4015:(1395-1402 and 1403-1478).
3894:
3794:
3750:(1442–1458 and 1504–1516).
3710:(1313–1378 and 1383–1388).
3606:
3592:
3503:
3398:
3394:
3217:
3193:Confederation of the Rhine
3170:(1284–1328 and 1589–1620).
3141:(1515–1521 and 1524–1525).
2981:
2884:
2864:
2860:
2770:
2677:
2557:
2533:
867:Siamese revolution of 1932
18:
5697:
5641:
5560:
5485:
5462:
5454:List of federal countries
5379:
5187:Prince-Elector of Cologne
5179:Prince-Bishop of Freising
5175:Joseph Clemens of Bavaria
4642:
4462:Principality of Catalonia
4346:
4259:Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
4131:
4092:Principality of Neuchâtel
3890:
3834:
3733:
3444:. A few months after the
3423:differing succession laws
3339:), 1701–1702, 1713–1714 (
3319:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
3277:Principality of Mingrelia
3090:
2540:Medieval Albanian Kingdom
2528:
2459:
2428:
2400:
2349:an autonomous grand duchy
1899:(geo-cultural ideologies)
841:5 October 1910 Revolution
737:Birth of the Roman Empire
5258:. Boydell & Brewer.
5224:. The Lawbook Exchange.
5152:
5013:
4759:Personal union with the
4752:Personal union with the
4745:Personal union with the
4735:with Norway (1814-1905).
4690:Personal union with the
4618:Personal union with the
4428:Leon, Castile and Aragon
4415:Personal union with the
4404:Personal union with the
4393:Personal union with the
4378:Personal union with the
4363:Personal union with the
4045:Princess Maria da Glória
3983:Personal union with the
3976:Personal union with the
3969:Personal union with the
3962:Personal union with the
3953:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
3951:Personal union with the
3929:Personal union with the
3922:Personal union with the
3670:Personal union with the
3657:
3636:Kingdom of Great Britain
3462:Personal union with the
3417:Personal union with the
3317:), to finally unite the
3281:Principality of Abkhazia
3166:Personal union with the
3155:Personal union with the
3144:Personal union with the
3129:Personal union with the
3114:Personal union with the
2876:Personal union with the
2867:Pacta conventa (Croatia)
2833:Personal union with the
2826:Personal union with the
2802:Ladislaus the Posthumous
2542:personal union with the
2495:) or 1308 (according to
2448:Princess Maria da Glória
584:Considerations on France
5279:Gadolin, A. De (2012).
4554:Austrian dynastic lands
4338:above. After 1801, see
4303:James VI, King of Scots
4115:Personal union between
4097:Personal union between
4086:Personal union between
4071:Personal union between
4028:with Spain (1580-1640).
4007:Personal union between
3686:Polish-Lithuanian Union
3070:(1603–1649, 1660–1707).
3056:(1542–1649, 1660–1707).
3041:(1422–1453). See also:
2995:(1013–1014, 1018–1035 (
2968:Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg
2920:(1240-1329, 1340–1346).
2909:(1013–1014, 1018–1035 (
2828:Principality of Ansbach
2454:
2162:Administrative division
2106:International relations
1200:Emperor system of Japan
5404:Corporative federalism
5399:Cooperative federalism
5252:Harding, Nick (2007).
5191:Prince-Bishop of Liège
4410:Charles VI of Habsburg
4326:William II of Scotland
4255:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
4224:Schleswig and Holstein
4156:Grand Duchy of Finland
3580:) under the reigns of
3075:Principality of Orange
2787:Sigismund of Luxemburg
2764:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2292:inheritance through a
2281:, introducing it into
1075:Enlightened absolutism
5389:Asymmetric federalism
5021:Principality of Wales
5005:Saint Kitts and Nevis
4747:Electorate of Hanover
4358:House of Hohenstaufen
3935:Hungary section above
3438:Kingdom of Westphalia
3379:Electorate of Hanover
3333:Principality of Guria
3183:Personal union under
3032:Principality of Wales
2810:Frederick of Palatine
2574:. One of them is the
2386:Co-Princes of Andorra
2347:organized Finland as
2345:Alexander I of Russia
2279:Johann Stephan Pütter
2172:Democratic transition
2035:Self-governing colony
1632:Military dictatorship
180:Divine right of kings
5449:Symmetric federalism
5065:, with the title of
4771:) from 1937 to 1949;
4683:Personal union with
4661:Personal union with
4654:Personal union with
4600:Personal union with
4591:Habsburg Netherlands
4589:Personal union with
4570:Personal union with
4559:Personal union with
4550:Archduchy of Austria
4548:Personal union with
4524:Nueva Planta decrees
4288:Mary, Queen of Scots
4282:during the reign of
4218:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
4182:Personal union with
4175:Personal union with
4168:Personal union with
3985:Electorate of Saxony
3826:Personal union with
3782:Personal union with
3775:Personal union with
3768:Personal union with
3753:Personal union with
3746:Personal union with
3739:Personal union with
3706:Personal union with
3684:Personal union (the
3663:Personal union with
3645:(1922–1937) then as
3509:Personal union with
3487:Personal union with
3480:Personal union with
3468:Hohenstaufen dynasty
3406:Personal union with
3377:Personal union with
3370:Personal union with
3325:and his descendants.
3191:(1805-1814) and the
3176:personal union with
2973:Personal union with
2966:Personal union with
2959:Personal union with
2952:Personal union with
2945:Personal union with
2934:Personal union with
2923:Personal union with
2916:Personal union with
2905:Personal union with
2890:Personal union with
2808:during 1619–1620 by
2798:Albert II of Germany
2738:Personal union with
2711:Personal union with
2704:Personal union with
2699:Austrian Netherlands
2697:Personal union with
2690:Personal union with
2683:Personal union with
2549:Personal union with
2465:Personal union with
818:Unification of Italy
807:Second French Empire
54:improve this article
5689:Territorial dispute
5669:Military occupation
5583:Dependent territory
5545:Supranational union
5520:Multinational state
5109:Transvaal Civil War
5051:President of France
5019:Personal union, as
4999:Antigua and Barbuda
4921:Commonwealth realms
4848:Trinidad and Tobago
4780:Commonwealth realms
4613:Kingdom of Portugal
4595:Spanish Netherlands
4576:Kingdom of Sardinia
4466:Kingdom of Valencia
4442:Kingdom of Asturias
4373:House of Trastámara
4276:Kingdom of Scotland
4274:Personal union, as
4125:Alexandru Ioan Cuza
4081:United Baltic Duchy
4058:Brandenburg-Prussia
4041:John VI of Portugal
3802:Philip IV of France
3641:Personal union, as
3629:Kingdom of Scotland
3612:Personal union, as
3517:above for details).
3493:Kingdom of Sardinia
3452:was re-established.
3249:Kingdom of Abkhazia
3232:Pharnavazid dynasty
3146:Kingdom of Scotland
3068:Kingdom of Scotland
3050:Lordship of Ireland
2987:Personal union, as
2947:County of Oldenburg
2760:Kingdom of Dalmatia
2740:Kingdom of Slavonia
2717:Kingdom of Sardinia
2657:Republics of France
2444:John VI of Portugal
2390:President of France
2378:Commonwealth realms
2327:Commonwealth realms
2258:that have the same
2211:Politics portal
2096:Supranational union
2005:Dependent territory
1918:National government
1391:Politics portal
791:First French Empire
765:Glorious Revolution
5747:Tribal sovereignty
5493:Composite monarchy
5122:Composite monarchy
5025:Kingdom of England
4754:Kingdom of Hanover
4602:Kingdom of England
4563:(1519–1556) under
4476:Kingdom of Navarre
4452:Kingdom of Castile
4438:Kingdom of Galicia
4369:House of Barcelona
4299:Kingdom of Ireland
4295:Kingdom of England
4127:from 1859 to 1862.
4123:under the rule of
4099:Kingdom of Prussia
4088:Kingdom of Prussia
4073:Kingdom of Prussia
4013:Pomerania-Stargard
3931:Kingdom of Hungary
3924:Kingdom of Bohemia
3854:Magnus I of Norway
3757:under the rule of
3741:Kingdom of Hungary
3665:Kingdom of Albania
3618:Kingdom of England
3614:Kingdom of Ireland
3450:Kingdom of Hanover
3414:from 1714 to 1801.
3372:Kingdom of Ireland
3329:Kingdom of Imereti
3315:Constantine II/III
3295:Kingdom of Kakheti
3265:Kingdom of Georgia
3168:Kingdom of Navarre
3159:under the rule of
3148:under the rule of
3133:under the rule of
3118:under the rule of
3102:Kingdom of England
3082:: After 1707, see
3054:Kingdom of Ireland
2989:Kingdom of England
2949:(1448, 1667–1773).
2936:Duchy of Schleswig
2878:Kingdom of Hungary
2613:Henry IV of France
2587:Kingdom of Navarre
1230:List of monarchies
1031:Related ideologies
898:Nepalese Civil War
885:Iranian Revolution
859:Russian Revolution
854:Chinese Revolution
836:German unification
5768:Political systems
5755:
5754:
5550:Continental union
5444:Fiscal federalism
5414:Ethnic federalism
5332:978-1-032-05750-7
5171:prince-bishoprics
5105:Orange Free State
5061:) in neighboring
4694:from (1592-1599).
4580:Kingdom of Sicily
4572:Kingdom of Naples
4561:Holy Roman Empire
4536:centralized state
4506:Duchy of Burgundy
4496:Kingdom of Naples
4486:Kingdom of Sicily
4458:Kingdom of Aragon
4417:Kingdom of Naples
4406:Holy Roman Empire
4384:House of Habsburg
4354:Holy Roman Empire
4280:Kingdom of France
4243:Holy Roman Empire
4177:Holy Roman Empire
4143:Lordship of Jever
4033:Peter I of Brazil
3971:Kingdom of Sweden
3964:Kingdom of France
3884:union with Sweden
3806:Joan I of Navarre
3784:Kingdom of Sicily
3777:Holy Roman Empire
3755:Kingdom of France
3600:from 1918 to 1944
3497:Kingdom of Sicily
3489:Kingdom of Naples
3464:Kingdom of Sicily
3457:Holy Roman Empire
3446:Battle of Leipzig
3357:Before 1707, see
3291:Kingdom of Kartli
3238:Kingdom of Pontus
3224:Kingdom of Iberia
3116:Kingdom of Naples
3039:Kingdom of France
3004:Duchy of Normandy
2999:) and 1040–1042).
2940:Duchy of Holstein
2913:) and 1040–1042).
2898:) and 1524–1814 (
2812:and 1741–1743 by
2804:) and 1526–1918 (
2789:) and 1490–1526 (
2766:(1878/1908–1918).
2752:Duchy of Bukovina
2744:Kingdom of Serbia
2721:Kingdom of Sicily
2713:Kingdom of Naples
2617:French Revolution
2593:Kingdom of France
2544:Kingdom of Naples
2436:Pedro I of Brazil
2358:They can also be
2351:and acted as its
2298:Louis X of France
2245:
2244:
2196:
2195:
2167:Democracy indices
2142:
2141:
1945:
1944:
1754:Semi-presidential
1679:
1678:
1425:
1424:
823:Meiji Restoration
770:French Revolution
752:Tsarist autocracy
713:Popescu-Tăriceanu
212:Abdication system
190:Royal prerogative
185:Mandate of Heaven
130:
129:
122:
104:
5780:
5732:Stateless nation
5717:Decentralization
5568:Associated state
5429:Federal republic
5424:Federal monarchy
5364:
5357:
5350:
5341:
5340:
5336:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5299:
5276:
5270:
5269:
5249:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5215:
5198:
5193:(1694–1723) and
5177:(1671–1723) was
5163:
5032:After 1542, see
4963:Papua New Guinea
4763:(1922–1937) and
4761:Irish Free State
4725:(1648–1803) and
4649:Unions of Sweden
4607:Personal union (
4593:(1516–1581) and
4582:(1516–1713) and
4512:Crown of Castile
4502:Crown of Castile
4421:House of Bourbon
4388:House of Bourbon
4380:Kingdom of Spain
4334:After 1707, see
4170:Kingdom of Spain
4066:Duchy of Prussia
3788:House of Bourbon
3770:Kingdom of Spain
3672:Ethiopian Empire
3643:Irish Free State
3534:Andegawen Poland
3433:that of Hanover.
3386:After 1801, see
3285:House of Dadiani
3263:) into a single
3212:balance of power
3207:le Grand Dauphin
3061:Kingdom of Spain
3052:(1171–1542) and
2997:North Sea Empire
2918:Duchy of Estonia
2911:North Sea Empire
2837:from 1618, when
2835:Duchy of Prussia
2791:Jagellon dynasty
2731:(1797–1805) and
2576:Bishop of Urgell
2551:Kingdom of Italy
2413:Congo Free State
2237:
2230:
2223:
2209:
2208:
2156:
2155:
2000:Associated state
1958:
1957:
1933:Internationalism
1923:World government
1900:
1779:
1711:
1692:
1691:
1666:Free association
1653:
1614:
1533:
1476:
1464:
1463:
1427:
1426:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1389:
1388:
1269:Philosopher king
599:
589:
579:
569:
559:
549:
539:
501:Kuehnelt-Leddihn
237:Crowned republic
222:Chinese Legalist
161:Central concepts
154:
132:
131:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
69:"Personal union"
62:
38:
30:
21:Hypostatic union
5788:
5787:
5783:
5782:
5781:
5779:
5778:
5777:
5773:Personal unions
5758:
5757:
5756:
5751:
5710:Autonomous area
5693:
5637:
5628:Tributary state
5618:Satellite state
5556:
5530:Political union
5513:Colonial empire
5481:
5458:
5434:Federated state
5409:Dual federalism
5375:
5368:
5333:
5313:
5308:
5307:
5297:
5295:
5293:
5277:
5273:
5266:
5250:
5246:
5236:
5234:
5232:
5216:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5201:
5164:
5160:
5155:
5142:Political union
5118:
5043:
5016:
4969:Solomon Islands
4742:
4651:
4645:
4516:Crown of Aragon
4492:Crown of Aragon
4482:Crown of Aragon
4472:Crown of Aragon
4448:Kingdom of León
4434:Kingdom of León
4365:Crown of Aragon
4349:
4315:House of Stuart
4271:
4253:The duchies of
4251:
4226:
4208:The duchies of
4206:
4193:
4165:
4134:
4112:
4054:
4022:
4009:Pomerania-Stolp
4004:
3973:(1592 to 1599).
3926:(1300 to 1306).
3919:
3913:Congress Poland
3905:Union of Lublin
3895:Main articles:
3893:
3841:Sweyn Forkbeard
3837:
3823:
3797:
3748:Crown of Aragon
3736:
3703:
3681:
3660:
3622:the restoration
3609:
3595:
3578:Austria-Hungary
3529:Louis the Great
3513:1102–1918 (see
3506:
3459:
3442:Napoleonic Wars
3431:Ernest Augustus
3403:
3397:
3354:
3261:Kakheti kingdom
3220:
3093:
3011:County of Anjou
2984:
2887:
2873:
2865:Main articles:
2863:
2823:
2773:
2680:
2638:and 1852–1870).
2564:Paréage of 1278
2560:
2536:
2531:
2492:History of Yuan
2462:
2457:
2431:
2426:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2364:succession laws
2325:(then becoming
2241:
2203:
2198:
2197:
2184:Democratisation
2177:Autocratization
2153:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2100:
2061:
2040:Tributary state
2030:Satellite state
1985:
1955:
1954:Power structure
1947:
1946:
1898:
1897:
1879:
1850:
1836:
1827:Totalitarianism
1777:
1776:
1758:
1709:
1708:
1689:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1651:
1643:
1608:
1600:
1531:
1523:
1470:
1461:
1460:Source of power
1438:Basic forms of
1432:Politics series
1421:
1383:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1150:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1032:
1024:
1023:
1022:
941:
933:
932:
931:
911:
903:
902:
894:
890:Modern Cambodia
863:
827:
811:
795:
786:Trienio Liberal
774:
732:
724:
723:
722:
612:
604:
603:
602:
597:
587:
577:
567:
557:
547:
537:
375:
367:
366:
365:
341:Self-proclaimed
206:
198:
197:
194:
162:
137:Politics series
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5786:
5776:
5775:
5770:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5713:
5712:
5701:
5699:
5695:
5694:
5692:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5645:
5643:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5564:
5562:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5554:
5553:
5552:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5525:Personal union
5522:
5517:
5516:
5515:
5505:
5503:Dynastic union
5500:
5495:
5489:
5487:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5477:Regional state
5474:
5468:
5466:
5460:
5459:
5457:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5385:
5383:
5377:
5376:
5374:administration
5367:
5366:
5359:
5352:
5344:
5338:
5337:
5331:
5312:
5309:
5306:
5305:
5292:978-9401179645
5291:
5271:
5265:978-1843833000
5264:
5244:
5231:978-1584776093
5230:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5167:prince-bishops
5157:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5150:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5132:Dynastic union
5129:
5124:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5112:
5093:
5070:
5049:Uniquely, the
5042:
5039:
5029:
5028:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5009:
5008:
5002:
4996:
4990:
4984:
4978:
4972:
4966:
4960:
4954:
4948:
4942:
4936:
4930:
4917:
4916:
4915:
4909:
4903:
4897:
4891:
4881:
4875:
4869:
4863:
4857:
4851:
4845:
4835:
4829:
4823:
4817:
4807:
4801:
4795:
4789:
4772:
4757:
4750:
4741:
4740:United Kingdom
4738:
4737:
4736:
4733:Personal union
4730:
4695:
4688:
4681:
4666:
4659:
4647:Main article:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4616:
4605:
4598:
4587:
4584:Duchy of Milan
4568:
4557:
4540:
4539:
4522:and until the
4520:Habsburg Spain
4509:
4499:
4489:
4479:
4469:
4455:
4445:
4425:
4424:
4413:
4402:
4395:Duchy of Savoy
4391:
4376:
4361:
4348:
4345:
4340:United Kingdom
4330:
4329:
4322:Dutch Republic
4318:
4291:
4270:
4267:
4263:Prince Günther
4250:
4247:
4225:
4222:
4205:
4202:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4184:Duchy of Savoy
4180:
4173:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4152:Russian Empire
4147:
4146:
4139:Russian Empire
4133:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4095:
4084:
4069:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4029:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3995:Russian Empire
3991:Personal union
3988:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3949:
3946:Duchy of Wizna
3942:Duchy of Płock
3938:
3927:
3901:Union of Krewo
3892:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3876:
3873:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3850:
3847:Cnut the Great
3844:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3812:, after which
3796:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3780:
3773:
3766:
3751:
3744:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3711:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3668:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3525:
3518:
3515:§ Croatia
3505:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3434:
3427:Queen Victoria
3419:United Kingdom
3415:
3399:Main article:
3396:
3393:
3388:United Kingdom
3383:
3382:
3375:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3345:George VIII/IV
3326:
3309:), 1660–1664 (
3305:), 1648–1658 (
3301:), 1625–1633 (
3288:
3274:
3268:
3245:
3235:
3219:
3216:
3197:
3196:
3181:
3171:
3164:
3153:
3142:
3131:Duchy of Milan
3127:
3112:
3105:
3098:Angevin Empire
3092:
3089:
3079:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3046:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3020:) (1154–1214).
3018:Angevin Empire
3014:
3007:
3000:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2932:
2921:
2914:
2903:
2900:Denmark–Norway
2886:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2831:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2814:Charles Albert
2800:), 1453–1457 (
2794:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2736:
2725:Duchy of Parma
2709:
2706:Spanish Empire
2702:
2695:
2688:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2660:
2639:
2621:new government
2609:
2608:
2590:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2547:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2475:King Chungseon
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2356:
2355:
2341:Russian Empire
2333:autonomization
2330:
2323:British Empire
2319:decolonization
2316:
2294:dynastic union
2249:personal union
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2189:Hybrid regimes
2186:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2169:
2164:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2120:Regional power
2117:
2109:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2070:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2025:Puppet monarch
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1994:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1965:
1964:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1860:
1858:State religion
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1729:Constitutional
1726:
1721:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1695:
1690:
1688:Power ideology
1687:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1655:
1654:
1652:(rule by none)
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1624:
1616:
1615:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1535:
1534:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1504:Representative
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1478:
1477:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1443:
1442:
1435:
1434:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1288:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1163:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1149:Related topics
1148:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1063:Traditionalist
1060:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1003:
993:
992:
991:
986:
985:
984:
979:
974:
964:
959:
957:Great Officers
954:
943:
942:
940:Administration
939:
938:
935:
934:
930:
929:
924:
919:
913:
912:
909:
908:
905:
904:
901:
900:
895:
893:
892:
887:
881:
879:
874:
869:
864:
862:
861:
856:
850:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
826:
825:
820:
814:
812:
810:
809:
804:
798:
796:
794:
793:
788:
782:
780:
775:
773:
772:
767:
761:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
733:
730:
729:
726:
725:
721:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
614:
613:
610:
609:
606:
605:
601:
600:
590:
580:
570:
560:
550:
540:
524:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
446:Crétineau-Joly
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
377:
376:
373:
372:
369:
368:
364:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
337:
336:
326:
321:
316:
311:
309:Personal union
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
264:Dynastic union
261:
260:
259:
249:
244:
239:
234:
232:Constitutional
229:
224:
219:
214:
208:
207:
204:
203:
200:
199:
196:
195:
193:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
155:
147:
146:
140:
139:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5785:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5765:
5763:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5706:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5696:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5646:
5644:
5640:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5598:Indirect rule
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5559:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5498:Dual monarchy
5496:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5484:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5465:
5464:Unitary state
5461:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5394:Confederation
5392:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5373:
5365:
5360:
5358:
5353:
5351:
5346:
5345:
5342:
5334:
5328:
5324:
5320:
5315:
5314:
5294:
5288:
5284:
5283:
5275:
5267:
5261:
5257:
5256:
5248:
5233:
5227:
5223:
5222:
5214:
5210:
5196:
5192:
5189:(1688–1723),
5188:
5185:(1685–1694),
5184:
5181:(1685–1694),
5180:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5162:
5158:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5127:Confederation
5125:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5082:Gran Colombia
5079:
5078:Simón Bolívar
5075:
5071:
5068:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5017:
5006:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4994:
4991:
4988:
4985:
4982:
4979:
4976:
4973:
4970:
4967:
4964:
4961:
4958:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4937:
4934:
4931:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4918:
4913:
4910:
4907:
4904:
4901:
4898:
4895:
4892:
4889:
4885:
4882:
4879:
4876:
4873:
4870:
4867:
4864:
4861:
4858:
4855:
4852:
4849:
4846:
4844:; 1961–1962).
4843:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4827:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4816:; 1948–1972).
4815:
4811:
4808:
4805:
4802:
4799:
4796:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4755:
4751:
4748:
4744:
4743:
4734:
4731:
4728:
4724:
4721:(1630–1815),
4720:
4717:(1648–1719),
4716:
4715:Bremen-Verden
4713:(1645–1721),
4712:
4709:(1617–1721),
4708:
4705:(1629–1721),
4704:
4701:(1581–1721),
4700:
4696:
4693:
4689:
4686:
4682:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4637:
4633:
4632:Spanish Crown
4629:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4614:
4610:
4609:Iberian Union
4606:
4603:
4599:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4585:
4581:
4578:(1516–1708),
4577:
4574:(1516–1714),
4573:
4569:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4510:
4507:
4503:
4500:
4497:
4493:
4490:
4487:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4473:
4470:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4456:
4453:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4350:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4336:Great Britain
4327:
4323:
4319:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4272:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4246:
4244:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4214:Saxe-Eisenach
4211:
4201:
4198:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4174:
4171:
4167:
4166:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4113:
4104:
4103:German Empire
4100:
4096:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4027:
4026:Iberian Union
4024:
4023:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4005:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3982:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3798:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3778:
3774:
3771:
3767:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3738:
3737:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3709:
3705:
3704:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3662:
3661:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3574:
3573:dual monarchy
3569:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3507:
3498:
3495:(1714–1720),
3494:
3491:(1714–1735),
3490:
3486:
3483:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3413:
3409:
3408:Great Britain
3405:
3404:
3402:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3380:
3376:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3352:Great Britain
3346:
3342:
3338:
3337:George IV/III
3334:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3208:
3202:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:Great Britain
3076:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2855:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2765:
2761:
2758:(1795–1809),
2757:
2754:(1774–1918),
2753:
2750:(1772–1918),
2749:
2746:(1718–1739),
2745:
2742:(1699–1868),
2741:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2727:(1735–1748),
2726:
2723:(1720–1735),
2722:
2719:(1714–1720),
2718:
2715:(1714–1735),
2714:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:Count of Foix
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2519:King Chungsuk
2516:
2512:
2511:Mongol Empire
2508:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2493:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2471:Mongol Empire
2468:
2464:
2463:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2354:
2353:head of state
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2273:
2272:unitary state
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2226:
2224:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2201:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2149:
2148:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2076:Confederation
2074:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1971:Unitary state
1969:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1951:
1950:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1874:
1873:State atheism
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1863:Secular state
1861:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1767:Authoritarian
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1744:Parliamentary
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1685:
1684:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1532:(rule by few)
1530:
1527:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1406:
1404:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1381:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1318:Regnal number
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1245:Non-sovereign
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1146:
1145:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1058:Authoritarian
1056:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1027:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
1001:Crown Council
999:
998:
997:
996:Privy council
994:
990:
987:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
969:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
949:
948:
945:
944:
937:
936:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
914:
907:
906:
899:
896:
891:
888:
886:
883:
882:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
860:
857:
855:
852:
851:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
813:
808:
805:
803:
800:
799:
797:
792:
789:
787:
784:
783:
781:
779:
776:
771:
768:
766:
763:
762:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
734:
728:
727:
719:
718:Zourabichvili
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
615:
608:
607:
596:
595:
591:
586:
585:
581:
576:
575:
571:
566:
565:
561:
556:
555:
551:
546:
545:
541:
536:
535:
531:
530:
529:
528:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
431:Chateaubriand
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
383:
382:
381:
371:
370:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
335:
332:
331:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
299:Non-sovereign
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
258:
255:
254:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
209:
202:
201:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
167:
165:
164:
158:
157:
153:
149:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
134:
133:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
26:
22:
5737:Subsidiarity
5633:Vassal state
5613:Puppet state
5608:Protectorate
5573:Client state
5524:
5318:
5311:Bibliography
5296:. Retrieved
5281:
5274:
5254:
5247:
5235:. Retrieved
5220:
5213:
5197:(1702–1723).
5161:
5147:Dual mandate
5137:King-Emperor
5054:
5044:
5031:
5030:
5027:(1284–1542).
4914:(1970–1987).
4908:(1968–1992).
4902:(1966–2021).
4896:(1966–1970).
4880:(1965–1970).
4874:(1964–1974).
4868:(1964–1966).
4862:(1963–1964).
4856:(1962–1963).
4850:(1962–1976).
4834:(1961–1971).
4832:Sierra Leone
4828:(1960–1963).
4822:(1957–1960).
4806:(1947–1956).
4800:(1947–1950).
4794:(1910–1961).
4792:South Africa
4788:(1907–1934).
4786:Newfoundland
4768:
4756:(1814–1837).
4749:(1801–1806).
4687:(1449-1450).
4670:Kalmar Union
4665:(1332-1360).
4658:(1319-1343).
4628:Constitution
4622:(modern-day
4615:(1580–1640).
4604:(1556–1558).
4597:(1581–1714).
4586:(1540–1706).
4556:(1519–1521).
4542:
4541:
4488:(1412–1516).
4478:(1076–1134).
4468:(1164-1714).
4427:
4426:
4333:
4331:
4252:
4240:
4228:
4227:
4207:
4194:
4179:(1714–1720).
4172:(1516–1708).
4158:(1809-1917).
4145:(1793-1818).
4105:(1871–1918).
4068:(1618–1701).
3997:(1815-1831).
3966:(1574-1575).
3870:Kalmar Union
3830:(1815-1890).
3779:(1714–1735).
3772:(1516–1714).
3765:(1501–1504).
3759:Charles VIII
3674:(1936–1941).
3667:(1939–1943).
3638:(1707–1801).
3582:Franz Joseph
3571:
3542:
3532:
3499:(1720–1735).
3425:resulted in
3385:
3384:
3381:(1714–1801).
3374:(1707–1801).
3356:
3355:
3343:) and 1720 (
3323:Heraclius II
3206:
3198:
3195:(1806-1813).
3173:
3163:(1574–1575).
3152:(1559–1560).
3126:(1501–1504).
3120:Charles VIII
3104:(1154–1214).
3081:
3080:
3077:(1689–1702).
3063:(1556–1558).
3034:(1284–1542).
3027:(1154–1453).
3013:(1154–1204).
2977:(1918–1944).
2970:(1814–1864).
2956:(1443-1448).
2942:(1460–1864).
2929:Kalmar Union
2927:(1397–1523 (
2896:Kalmar Union
2880:(1102–1918).
2708:(1519–1521).
2701:(1714–1795).
2667:Vichy France
2663:French State
2610:
2595:(1589–1792,
2561:
2553:(1939–1943).
2496:
2490:
2488:
2473:(1308–1313;
2380:, who share
2375:
2368:
2357:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2248:
2246:
2125:Middle power
2052:Vassal state
2046:Buffer state
2044:
2020:Puppet state
2015:Protectorate
1991:Client state
1981:Principality
1807:Distributism
1749:Presidential
1627:Dictatorship
1551:Gerontocracy
1473:rule by many
1446:
1430:Part of the
1193:Illegitimate
1188:Family trees
1053:Conservatism
1018:Royal assent
802:Liberal Wars
592:
582:
572:
562:
552:
542:
532:
526:
525:
380:Philosophers
379:
378:
319:Principality
308:
135:Part of the
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
5664:Irredentism
5642:Development
5623:Trusteeship
5588:Direct rule
5561:Subordinacy
5372:subdivision
5007:since 1983.
5001:since 1981.
4995:since 1981.
4989:since 1979.
4983:since 1979.
4981:Saint Lucia
4977:since 1978.
4971:since 1978.
4965:since 1975.
4959:since 1974.
4953:since 1973.
4951:The Bahamas
4947:since 1962.
4941:since 1907.
4939:New Zealand
4935:since 1901.
4929:since 1867.
4311:interregnum
4278:, with the
4210:Saxe-Weimar
3821:Netherlands
3761:(1495) and
3688:) with the
3651:is disputed
3624:1660–1707).
3616:, with the
3539:Casimir III
3440:during the
3341:Mamia (III)
3122:(1495) and
3100:, with the
2851:Frederick I
2821:Brandenburg
2756:New Galicia
2735:(1814–1859)
2671:Free France
2546:(1272–1368)
2382:Charles III
2253:monarchical
2130:Great power
2115:Small power
2057:Viceroyalty
1928:Nationalism
1792:Colonialism
1772:Libertarian
1734:Directorial
1611:rule by one
1591:Technocracy
1586:Stratocracy
1566:Meritocracy
1556:Kleptocracy
1546:Aristocracy
1348:Interregnum
1313:Regnal list
1218:presumptive
1043:Bonapartism
989:Royal guard
952:Appointment
917:Aristocracy
742:Magna Carta
708:Zhirinovsky
611:Politicians
538:(1265-1266)
466:Kierkegaard
5762:Categories
5742:Suzerainty
5684:Separatism
5659:Detachment
5649:Annexation
5540:Superstate
5535:Real union
5472:Devolution
5439:Federation
5381:Federalism
5205:References
5055:ex officio
4878:The Gambia
4838:Tanganyika
4444:(914–924).
4307:Charles II
4284:Francis II
4233:. See the
4231:succession
4186:from 1720.
3886:) to 1905.
3880:was forced
3828:Luxembourg
3719:Wilhelmina
3701:Luxembourg
3586:Charles IV
3524:1301–1305.
3311:Vakhtang V
3303:Teimuraz I
3257:Bagrat III
3247:1000–1010
3150:Francis II
2847:Königsberg
2665:(known as
2572:co-princes
2566:, it is a
2503:Külüg Khan
2417:Leopold II
2388:being the
2314:his mother
2306:his father
2300:inherited
2268:federation
2264:real union
2135:Superpower
2091:Superstate
2086:Federation
2081:Devolution
2067:Federalism
1908:City-state
1581:Plutocracy
1576:Particracy
1440:government
1333:Succession
1205:Figurehead
1156:Coronation
1105:Luxembourg
1085:Legitimism
1080:Jacobitism
643:Metternich
574:Patriarcha
471:Dostoevsky
401:Bellarmine
374:Philosophy
324:Real union
289:Hereditary
175:Monarchism
80:newspapers
5727:Home rule
5679:Secession
5674:Partition
5323:Routledge
5101:Transvaal
5067:Co-Prince
4933:Australia
4906:Mauritius
4814:Sri Lanka
4776:dominions
4719:Pomerania
4565:Charles I
4117:Wallachia
4083:) (1918).
4002:Pomerania
3993:with the
3763:Louis XII
3723:Salic Law
3679:Lithuania
3475:Charles V
3313:), 1723 (
3255:ruled by
3161:Henry III
3139:Francis I
3135:Louis XII
3124:Louis XII
3025:Aquitaine
2605:1830–1848
2601:1815–1830
2597:1814–1815
2515:Chungseon
2371:republics
2339:into the
1962:Unitarism
1938:Globalism
1844:Religious
1832:Tribalism
1822:Socialism
1817:Feudalism
1802:Despotism
1797:Communism
1787:Anarchism
1724:Communist
1671:Stateless
1661:Anarchism
1622:Despotism
1606:Autocracy
1596:Theocracy
1561:Kritarchy
1529:Oligarchy
1514:Socialist
1468:Democracy
1353:Rebellion
1338:Anti-king
1323:Sovereign
1274:Pretender
1225:Kingmaker
1161:Criticism
1112:Orléanism
1090:Miguelism
1070:Despotism
1038:Alfonsism
982:Favourite
972:Camarilla
962:Household
927:Oligarchy
922:Autocracy
698:Churchill
564:Leviathan
544:Monarchia
486:Bainville
361:Universal
334:Coregency
304:Pentarchy
227:Composite
110:July 2015
5722:Hegemony
5705:Autonomy
5698:See also
5593:Dominion
5419:Federacy
5116:See also
5095:In 1860
4900:Barbados
4888:Zimbabwe
4884:Rhodesia
4842:Tanzania
4804:Pakistan
4624:Colombia
4386:and the
4371:and the
4317:in 1660)
4269:Scotland
4163:Sardinia
4154:and the
4141:and the
4121:Moldavia
4101:and the
4020:Portugal
3980:in 1658.
3810:Henry IV
3544:szlachta
3363:Scotland
3185:Napoleon
2806:disputed
2507:Liaodong
2498:Goryeosa
2467:Shenyang
2424:Americas
2360:codified
2010:Dominion
1739:Legalist
1719:Absolute
1704:Republic
1699:Monarchy
1571:Noocracy
1541:Anocracy
1494:Economic
1484:Demarchy
1308:Regicide
1252:Nobility
1213:apparent
1117:Royalism
1095:Orangism
977:Courtier
703:Renouvin
678:Bismarck
673:Castillo
663:Disraeli
653:Polignac
633:Consalvi
534:De Regno
506:Bogdanor
356:Triarchy
351:Tetrarch
346:Signoria
279:Ethnarch
269:Elective
217:Absolute
144:Monarchy
25:Prosopon
5654:Cession
5603:Mandate
5298:19 July
5237:13 June
5090:Bolivia
5063:Andorra
5034:England
5023:, with
4957:Grenada
4945:Jamaica
4826:Nigeria
4769:de jure
4765:Ireland
4707:Karelia
4703:Livonia
4699:Estonia
4674:Denmark
4611:) with
4528:Castile
4508:(1506).
4110:Romania
4079:(later
4052:Prussia
3882:into a
3814:Navarre
3795:Navarre
3727:Adolphe
3708:Bohemia
3607:Ireland
3593:Iceland
3549:Jadwiga
3522:Bohemia
3511:Croatia
3504:Hungary
3482:Hungary
3412:Ireland
3395:Hanover
3359:England
3299:David X
3242:Colchis
3228:Colchis
3218:Georgia
3205:Louis,
3178:Andorra
3174:Partial
2993:Denmark
2991:, with
2982:England
2975:Iceland
2963:(1814).
2907:England
2885:Denmark
2861:Croatia
2771:Bohemia
2729:Venetia
2678:Austria
2568:diarchy
2558:Andorra
2534:Albania
2523:Wang Ko
2469:in the
2337:Finland
2310:Navarre
2296:, e.g.
2260:monarch
2152:Related
1847:Secular
1812:Fascism
1649:Anarchy
1639:Tyranny
1499:Liberal
1365:Usurper
1257:Peerage
1235:Current
1183:Descent
1166:Dynasty
1129:Toryism
1100:Belgium
1048:Carlism
1011:Riksråd
1006:Makhzen
967:Retinue
731:History
693:Metaxas
688:Maurras
658:Decazes
648:Villèle
638:Plessis
623:Pius VI
618:Mazarin
511:Scruton
481:Maurras
436:Novalis
421:Maistre
416:Bossuet
386:Aquinas
329:Regency
314:Popular
294:Khanate
284:Federal
274:Emirate
242:Diarchy
170:Monarch
94:scholar
5578:Colony
5508:Empire
5486:Unions
5329:
5289:
5262:
5228:
5059:diarch
5036:above.
4993:Belize
4975:Tuvalu
4927:Canada
4894:Guyana
4866:Malawi
4854:Uganda
4810:Ceylon
4727:Ingria
4723:Wismar
4711:Scania
4685:Norway
4678:Norway
4663:Scania
4656:Norway
4643:Sweden
4532:Aragon
4347:Sicily
4342:below.
4132:Russia
3915:, and
3891:Poland
3835:Norway
3734:Naples
3448:, the
3390:below.
3307:Rostom
3253:Iberia
3091:France
3086:below.
2925:Sweden
2892:Norway
2650:Fourth
2642:Second
2632:Second
2619:, the
2529:Europe
2460:Goryeo
2429:Brazil
2401:Africa
2302:France
2256:states
1976:Empire
1888:Global
1519:Others
1509:Social
1489:Direct
1343:Crisis
1296:Empire
1240:Former
1178:Family
910:Polity
668:Cortés
598:(2001)
588:(1796)
578:(1680)
568:(1651)
558:(1576)
548:(1313)
521:Yarvin
476:Youwei
461:Balmes
456:Cortés
441:Balzac
426:Bonald
411:Hobbes
406:Filmer
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
5153:Notes
5014:Wales
4886:(now
4872:Malta
4860:Kenya
4840:(now
4820:Ghana
4812:(now
4798:India
4672:with
4543:Spain
3955:from
3658:Italy
3189:Italy
3187:with
2961:Rügen
2654:Fifth
2646:Third
2628:First
2570:with
2513:made
2312:from
2304:from
2270:or a
1893:Local
1328:Style
1301:Reich
1291:Realm
1262:Realm
1209:Heir
1171:Lists
1122:Ultra
947:Court
683:Mella
628:Ruffo
527:Works
516:Hoppe
496:Evola
451:Gogol
396:Bodin
391:Dante
257:Grand
252:Duchy
205:Types
101:JSTOR
87:books
5327:ISBN
5300:2022
5287:ISBN
5260:ISBN
5239:2013
5226:ISBN
5103:and
5086:Peru
4912:Fiji
4778:and
4676:and
4668:The
4552:and
4530:and
4514:and
4504:and
4494:and
4484:and
4474:and
4464:and
4450:and
4440:and
4297:and
4257:and
4212:and
4119:and
4090:and
4075:and
4064:and
4011:and
3944:and
3868:The
3804:and
3647:Éire
3584:and
3553:Mary
3410:and
3361:and
3331:and
3293:and
3279:and
3251:and
3240:and
3226:and
2869:and
2652:and
2636:1815
2630:and
2455:Asia
2308:and
1370:list
1286:Rank
1279:List
1134:High
491:Seca
247:Dual
73:news
23:and
5053:is
3576:of
2366:).
1358:War
56:by
5764::
5325:.
5076:,
4923::
4782::
4460:,
4436:,
4332::
4220:.
3937:).
3911:,
3907:,
3903:,
3899:,
3653:).
3347:).
3234:).
2931:).
2902:).
2816:).
2793:).
2673:).
2648:,
2644:,
2607:).
2603:,
2599:,
2477:)
2392:.
2373:.
2343:,
2247:A
5363:e
5356:t
5349:v
5335:.
5302:.
5268:.
5241:.
5111:.
4767:(
4638:.
4567:.
4538:.
4423:.
4412:.
4401:.
4390:.
4375:.
4360:.
4328:.
4290:.
4237:.
4047:.
3959:.
3790:.
3696:.
3588:.
3477:.
3470:.
3365:.
3287:.
3267:.
3111:.
3045:.
2856:.
2450:.
2329:)
2236:e
2229:t
2222:v
1613:)
1609:(
1475:)
1471:(
1416:e
1409:t
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117:(
112:)
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98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
27:.
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