1444:"he British constitution is much more like a republic than an empire. They define a republic to be a government of laws, and not of men. If this definition be just, the British constitution is nothing more nor less than a republic, in which the king is first magistrate. This office being hereditary, and being possessed of such ample and splendid prerogatives, is no objection to the government’s being a republic, as long as it is bound by fixed laws, which the people have a voice in making, and a right to defend. An empire is a despotism, and an emperor a despot, bound by no law or limitation but his own will; it is a stretch of tyranny beyond absolute monarchy."
20:
79:
1313:
1362:, is an informal term that has been used to refer to a system of monarchy where the monarch's role may be seen as almost entirely ceremonial and where nearly all of the royal prerogatives are exercised in such a way that the monarch personally has little power over executive and constitutional issues. The term has been used by a small number of authors (below) to informally describe governments such as
1411:
not any State the head of which is called King or
Emperor, but one in which the personal will of the monarch is constantly effective, and in the last resort predominant, factor of government. Thus, while such a monarchy as that of Norway is really a Crowned Republic, and indeed a democratic republic,
1544:
argued that the government of
Elizabethan England (1558–1603) can be described as a "monarchical republic", because there were serious limits on the queen's independent authority, and some privy councillors sponsored a scheme to allow a brief interregnum if the queen should be killed by her Catholic
1452:
described the country as a "crowned republic" and stated it was "a state in which sovereignty resides in its people, and in which all public offices, except that at the very apex of the system, are filled by persons deriving their authority directly or indirectly from the people" so "it may be
1461:
did not use the term "crowned republic" but has been identified as one of the first to articulate this view. He "proudly proclaimed his loyalty to the Queen in the same breath as he declared himself a republican", holding that republicanism did not solely revolve around absence of monarchy.
1398:
As an informal term, "crowned republic" lacks any set definition as to its meaning, and the precise difference between a constitutional monarchy and a "crowned republic" remains vague. Different individuals have described various states as crowned republics for varied reasons. For example,
1615:
1838:
1605:
1855:
Through the
Constitution of 1864, constitutional monarchy, or, as it had been described, 'crowned democracy', or 'democratic monarchy', was consolidated as the form of government in Greece.
1513:. The Constitution of 1952 enshrined the concept into law by declaring the form of government that of a Crowned Republic. This is sometimes translated as "Crowned Democracy".
564:
1927:
Article 21: The Form of
Government of Greece is that of a Crowned Republic. All powers stem from the Nation and are exercised in accordance with the Constitution.
1934:
1760:
1963:
1606:"John Adams argues that the British Empire is not a "true" empire but a form of a "republic" where the rule of law operates (1763)"
1205:
1171:
1902:
1892:
798:
772:
1642:
1341:
1482:. In referring to the UK as a crowned republic, the Australian Republic Advisory Committee stated "Britain has not been a
757:
357:
1593:
480:
1873:
1861:
1549:
suggested that this formulation is an exaggeration, and has been treated too seriously by subsequent historians.
1400:
1212:
803:
599:
927:
520:
1546:
148:
78:
639:
1790:
1942:
1568:
1449:
989:
1510:
1506:
1161:
984:
793:
673:
342:
1371:
1166:
1021:
767:
427:
52:
372:
1655:
1334:
510:
460:
267:
19:
609:
1483:
883:
490:
158:
1387:
1254:
1001:
762:
569:
225:
1818:
1775:
1563:
1473:
1458:
1087:
1031:
663:
106:
594:
382:
1114:
744:
733:
683:
644:
634:
1697:
584:
574:
392:
8:
1914:
1807:
The
Monarchical Republic of Early Modern England: Essays in Response to Patrick Collinson
1327:
1259:
717:
704:
691:
215:
1545:
enemies. Many historians have accepted and expanded upon this theory. However, in 2019,
417:
367:
1957:
1478:
1379:
1279:
1156:
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1026:
824:
811:
785:
442:
287:
153:
44:
1993:
1888:
1869:
1712:
1541:
1490:
1383:
1284:
1269:
1188:
878:
749:
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678:
624:
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589:
579:
412:
397:
347:
327:
195:
143:
138:
116:
111:
63:
40:
1743:
1558:
1296:
1195:
1144:
629:
544:
240:
210:
1747:
1425:
1374:. The term "crowned republic" may also refer to historical republics which had a
1317:
888:
816:
780:
712:
619:
614:
559:
432:
407:
352:
1517:
1437:
1417:
1413:
1367:
1126:
1048:
554:
312:
235:
190:
24:
1516:
In 2021, the concept of a crowned republic was proposed in the context of the
16:
Informal term for where a monarch's role is seen as almost entirely ceremonial
1987:
1819:
Jonathan McGovern, ‘Was
Elizabethan England Really a Monarchical Republic?’,
1421:
1244:
1139:
1119:
1109:
922:
447:
437:
377:
337:
332:
173:
32:
1610:
1375:
1104:
979:
944:
728:
549:
422:
387:
245:
36:
1778:
The
Crowned Republic. A Roman-Inspired Constitution for the European Union
1530:
The
Crowned Republic: A Roman-Inspired Constitution for the European Union
1038:
1465:
1274:
1239:
1011:
969:
915:
873:
843:
668:
402:
282:
183:
1312:
1525:
1521:
1433:
1131:
1082:
1006:
500:
322:
250:
101:
28:
1972:
1734:
Markesinis, Basil S. (1973). "Reflections on the Greek
Constitution".
937:
1363:
1264:
1249:
1200:
1151:
1060:
1016:
996:
964:
908:
898:
853:
848:
470:
277:
260:
230:
1791:
Patrick
Collinson, ‘The Monarchical Republic of Queen Elizabeth I’,
1528:
aspects of the EU's framework. The idea was elaborated in the book
1234:
1178:
1043:
903:
272:
205:
70:
1761:
Martijn Hollinger, ‘Romeinse oplossingen voor de Europese Unie’,
1291:
1183:
1092:
974:
932:
893:
362:
220:
200:
168:
96:
1222:
255:
35:
as a “hereditary presidency”. Thiers symbolically replaces the
1793:
Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester
1428:
until 1918, an appreciable force in the conduct of affairs".
1227:
1217:
317:
178:
48:
1673:
1535:
1055:
1520:
as a possible means to bridge the differences between the
1656:"Sir Richard Chaffey Baker—the Senate's First Republican"
1845:(in Greek). Athens: Pyrsos Publishing. 1934. p. 239
1837:
1703:
1901:
1718:
1727:
55:
commonly used as an allegory of the French Republic.
1685:
1407:"By Monarchy I understand the thing not the Name
1985:
1386:, and is sometimes used to describe the current
1370:, although these countries are classified as
1335:
1962:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1509:, which resulted in the introduction of the
1733:
1378:as their head of state, most particularly
1342:
1328:
23:A 1871 caricature of the French president
1634:
1632:
1536:Monarchical republic of Queen Elizabeth I
1932:
1691:
18:
1887:. University of New South Wales Press.
1882:
1841:[Greece (Form of Government)].
1653:
1638:
1486:since probably the late 18th century."
1472:to describe the United Kingdom, as did
31:, alluding to his 1830s defense of the
1986:
1629:
1468:(1866–1946) used the term in his book
773:Proclamation of the Republic in Brazil
1970:
1868:. Vol. 2. Kessinger Publishing.
1860:
1679:
1589:
1453:appropriate to regard Australia as a
1493:, the term Βασιλευομένη Δημοκρατία (
705:Establishment of the Dutch monarchy
13:
1973:"LXIV. The British Empire in 1914"
1669:. Department of the Senate: 49–62.
14:
2005:
1905:[Constitution of Greece]
1311:
674:Foundation of the Ottoman Empire
77:
1933:Tennyson, Alfred, Lord (1873).
1812:
1799:
1784:
1769:
1754:
1654:McKenna, Mark (November 1997).
1618:from the original on 2021-05-06
804:Spanish transition to democracy
481:Les Six livres de la République
1647:
1598:
1583:
1457:". Australian founding father
521:Democracy: The God That Failed
1:
1831:
799:Birth of the Italian Republic
1977:A Short History of the World
1843:The Great Greek Encyclopedia
1823:92, no. 257 (2019), 515-528.
1470:A Short History of the World
7:
1809:(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007).
1748:10.1093/parlij/27.1973sep.8
1552:
1505:) became popular after the
1450:Republic Advisory Committee
758:Austro-Hungarian Compromise
684:Birth of the Dutch Republic
10:
2010:
1795:69, no. 2 (1987), 394-424.
1507:23 October 1862 Revolution
1476:in 1873 in an epilogue to
1420:, and to a less degree in
1393:
794:Siamese revolution of 1932
53:personification of Liberty
1611:Online Library of Liberty
1426:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
1372:constitutional monarchies
768:5 October 1910 Revolution
664:Birth of the Roman Empire
1705:Great Greek Encyclopedia
1576:
511:Considerations on France
1883:Patmore, Glenn (2009).
1805:John F. McDiarmid, ed.
1742:(1973September): 8–27.
1495:Vasilevoméni Dimokratía
1484:constitutional monarchy
1440:was a form of republic:
1127:Emperor system of Japan
1903:"Σύνταγμα της Ελλάδος"
1720:Constitution of Greece
1446:
1430:
1388:Republic of San Marino
1002:Enlightened absolutism
56:
1911:hellenicparliament.gr
1885:Choosing the Republic
1736:Parliamentary Affairs
1564:Aristocratic republic
1474:Alfred, Lord Tennyson
1459:Richard Chaffey Baker
1442:
1405:
107:Divine right of kings
22:
1971:Wells, H.G. (1922).
1913:(in Greek). Athens:
1663:Papers on Parliament
745:Unification of Italy
734:Second French Empire
1915:Hellenic Parliament
1839:"Ελλάς (Πολίτευμα)"
1821:Historical Research
1776:Martijn Hollinger,
1360:monarchial republic
1318:Politics portal
718:First French Empire
692:Glorious Revolution
1939:Idylls of the King
1866:Modern democracies
1479:Idylls of the King
1418:Turkey before 1905
1414:Russia before 1917
1358:, also known as a
1157:List of monarchies
958:Related ideologies
825:Nepalese Civil War
812:Iranian Revolution
786:Russian Revolution
781:Chinese Revolution
763:German unification
57:
43:and especially of
39:, a symbol of the
1917:. 1952. p. 6
1894:978-1-74223-015-3
1547:Jonathan McGovern
1542:Patrick Collinson
1511:1864 constitution
1499:crowned democracy
1491:Kingdom of Greece
1352:
1351:
750:Meiji Restoration
697:French Revolution
679:Tsarist autocracy
640:Popescu-Tăriceanu
139:Abdication system
117:Royal prerogative
112:Mandate of Heaven
41:French Revolution
2001:
1980:
1967:
1961:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1941:. Archived from
1929:
1924:
1922:
1908:
1898:
1879:
1857:
1852:
1850:
1825:
1816:
1810:
1803:
1797:
1788:
1782:
1773:
1767:
1765:, March 31, 2021
1758:
1752:
1751:
1731:
1725:
1716:
1710:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1660:
1651:
1645:
1636:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1602:
1596:
1587:
1572:
1559:Popular monarchy
1503:crowned republic
1455:crowned republic
1436:argued that the
1412:monarchy was in
1356:crowned republic
1344:
1337:
1330:
1316:
1315:
1196:Philosopher king
526:
516:
506:
496:
486:
476:
466:
428:Kuehnelt-Leddihn
164:Crowned republic
149:Chinese Legalist
88:Central concepts
81:
59:
58:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1984:
1983:
1955:
1954:
1948:
1946:
1920:
1918:
1906:
1895:
1876:
1848:
1846:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1817:
1813:
1804:
1800:
1789:
1785:
1774:
1770:
1759:
1755:
1732:
1728:
1717:
1713:
1702:
1698:
1690:
1686:
1682:, Chapter LXIV.
1678:
1674:
1658:
1652:
1648:
1637:
1630:
1621:
1619:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1566:
1555:
1538:
1448:The Australian
1403:wrote in 1921:
1396:
1348:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1077:
1069:
1068:
1067:
959:
951:
950:
949:
868:
860:
859:
858:
838:
830:
829:
821:
817:Modern Cambodia
790:
754:
738:
722:
713:Trienio Liberal
701:
659:
651:
650:
649:
539:
531:
530:
529:
524:
514:
504:
494:
484:
474:
464:
302:
294:
293:
292:
268:Self-proclaimed
133:
125:
124:
121:
89:
64:Politics series
17:
12:
11:
5:
2007:
1997:
1996:
1982:
1981:
1968:
1935:"To the Queen"
1930:
1899:
1893:
1880:
1874:
1858:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1811:
1798:
1783:
1768:
1753:
1726:
1711:
1709:, p. 239.
1696:
1684:
1672:
1646:
1628:
1597:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1561:
1554:
1551:
1537:
1534:
1518:European Union
1438:British Empire
1395:
1392:
1368:United Kingdom
1350:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1215:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1198:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1090:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1076:Related topics
1075:
1074:
1071:
1070:
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1053:
1052:
1051:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1019:
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1009:
1004:
999:
994:
993:
992:
990:Traditionalist
987:
977:
972:
967:
961:
960:
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956:
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952:
948:
947:
942:
941:
940:
935:
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920:
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918:
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912:
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906:
901:
891:
886:
884:Great Officers
881:
870:
869:
867:Administration
866:
865:
862:
861:
857:
856:
851:
846:
840:
839:
836:
835:
832:
831:
828:
827:
822:
820:
819:
814:
808:
806:
801:
796:
791:
789:
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770:
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612:
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582:
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541:
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528:
527:
517:
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467:
451:
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373:Crétineau-Joly
370:
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191:Dynastic union
188:
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159:Constitutional
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141:
135:
134:
131:
130:
127:
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122:
120:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
93:
90:
87:
86:
83:
82:
74:
73:
67:
66:
25:Adolphe Thiers
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2006:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1945:on 2016-03-06
1944:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1928:
1916:
1912:
1904:
1900:
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1886:
1881:
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1875:1-4179-1173-5
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1802:
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1757:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1721:
1715:
1708:
1706:
1700:
1693:
1692:Tennyson 1873
1688:
1681:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1601:
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1586:
1582:
1570:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1550:
1548:
1543:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1445:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1419:
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1404:
1402:
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1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1333:
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1326:
1325:
1323:
1322:
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1268:
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1263:
1262:
1261:
1258:
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1251:
1248:
1246:
1245:Regnal number
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1172:Non-sovereign
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1073:
1072:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
991:
988:
986:
985:Authoritarian
983:
982:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
962:
955:
954:
946:
943:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
928:Crown Council
926:
925:
924:
923:Privy council
921:
917:
914:
910:
907:
905:
902:
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33:July Monarchy
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1976:
1947:. Retrieved
1943:the original
1938:
1926:
1919:. Retrieved
1910:
1884:
1865:
1862:Bryce, James
1854:
1847:. Retrieved
1842:
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1639:Patmore 2009
1620:. Retrieved
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1497:, literally
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1120:Illegitimate
1115:Family trees
980:Conservatism
945:Royal assent
729:Liberal Wars
519:
509:
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489:
479:
469:
459:
453:
452:
307:Philosophers
306:
305:
246:Principality
163:
62:Part of the
37:Phrygian cap
1763:EW Magazine
1567: [
1466:H. G. Wells
1401:James Bryce
1275:Interregnum
1240:Regnal list
1145:presumptive
970:Bonapartism
916:Royal guard
879:Appointment
844:Aristocracy
669:Magna Carta
635:Zhirinovsky
538:Politicians
465:(1265-1266)
393:Kierkegaard
1949:2008-04-02
1832:References
1680:Wells 1922
1641:, p.
1622:2021-10-10
1590:Bryce 1921
1526:confederal
1434:John Adams
1260:Succession
1132:Figurehead
1083:Coronation
1032:Luxembourg
1012:Legitimism
1007:Jacobitism
570:Metternich
501:Patriarcha
398:Dostoevsky
328:Bellarmine
301:Philosophy
251:Real union
216:Hereditary
102:Monarchism
45:jacobinism
29:Touchatout
1958:cite book
1921:31 August
1849:31 August
1540:In 1987,
1432:In 1763,
1416:, and in
1364:Australia
1280:Rebellion
1265:Anti-king
1250:Sovereign
1201:Pretender
1152:Kingmaker
1088:Criticism
1039:Orléanism
1017:Miguelism
997:Despotism
965:Alfonsism
909:Favourite
899:Camarilla
889:Household
854:Oligarchy
849:Autocracy
625:Churchill
491:Leviathan
471:Monarchia
413:Bainville
288:Universal
261:Coregency
231:Pentarchy
154:Composite
47:, with a
1994:Monarchy
1988:Category
1864:(1921).
1616:Archived
1553:See also
1424:and the
1366:and the
1235:Regicide
1179:Nobility
1140:apparent
1044:Royalism
1022:Orangism
904:Courtier
630:Renouvin
605:Bismarck
600:Castillo
590:Disraeli
580:Polignac
560:Consalvi
461:De Regno
433:Bogdanor
283:Triarchy
278:Tetrarch
273:Signoria
206:Ethnarch
196:Elective
144:Absolute
71:Monarchy
1780:(2024).
1522:federal
1489:In the
1422:Germany
1394:History
1292:Usurper
1184:Peerage
1162:Current
1110:Descent
1093:Dynasty
1056:Toryism
1027:Belgium
975:Carlism
938:Riksråd
933:Makhzen
894:Retinue
658:History
620:Metaxas
615:Maurras
585:Decazes
575:Villèle
565:Plessis
550:Pius VI
545:Mazarin
438:Scruton
408:Maurras
363:Novalis
348:Maistre
343:Bossuet
313:Aquinas
256:Regency
241:Popular
221:Khanate
211:Federal
201:Emirate
169:Diarchy
97:Monarch
1891:
1872:
1594:p. 535
1380:Venice
1270:Crisis
1223:Empire
1167:Former
1105:Family
837:Polity
595:Cortés
525:(2001)
515:(1796)
505:(1680)
495:(1651)
485:(1576)
475:(1313)
448:Yarvin
403:Youwei
388:Balmes
383:Cortés
368:Balzac
353:Bonald
338:Hobbes
333:Filmer
1907:(PDF)
1659:(PDF)
1577:Notes
1571:]
1384:Genoa
1255:Style
1228:Reich
1218:Realm
1189:Realm
1136:Heir
1098:Lists
1049:Ultra
874:Court
610:Mella
555:Ruffo
454:Works
443:Hoppe
423:Evola
378:Gogol
323:Bodin
318:Dante
184:Grand
179:Duchy
132:Types
51:on a
49:crown
1964:link
1923:2018
1889:ISBN
1870:ISBN
1851:2018
1722:1952
1707:1934
1524:and
1409:i.e.
1382:and
1376:doge
1297:list
1213:Rank
1206:List
1061:High
418:Seca
174:Dual
1744:doi
1643:105
1501:or
1285:War
27:by
1990::
1975:.
1960:}}
1956:{{
1937:.
1925:.
1909:.
1853:.
1740:27
1738:.
1667:30
1665:.
1661:.
1631:^
1614:.
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1592:,
1569:de
1532:.
1390:.
1354:A
1979:.
1966:)
1952:.
1897:.
1878:.
1750:.
1746::
1724:.
1694:.
1625:.
1343:e
1336:t
1329:v
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