316:, Panama, being the second son of an out-of-wedlock union between Carlos Chang, a rich, Chinese-Panamanian merchant, and Faustina Marin, a campesina. He grew up among his mother's family, being unable to be acknowledged in public by his father under the conservative values of Panama's countryside of the early 1920s. However, later his father decided to take him from his mother when he was still a child and sent him to live with a paternal aunt. His aunt was brutally abusive, treating him basically as a slave, constantly humiliating his mixed heritage and his mother's social status. The father, although not participating in the abuse, provided no protection from it and even promoted this behavior in some cases.
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442:(Corporeal Poems), which was awarded the Ricardo Miró National Award in 1955. With this work, Changmarín showed himself as a developed poet who has achieved great control over this literary form. Changmarín leaves out as much as possible, which mirrors the trends of the time. This clarity serves as a method to deliver the social and political messages, as most of his works are fundamental. His mastery of the
806:(Partido del Pueblo) in 1950. Since communism was outlawed at that time by Panamanian law, this initiative was forced to be conducted secretly. The Panamanian government reacted to the growing dissent and communist organization in the countryside by increasing repression, reaching the extremes of perpetrating political assassinations and
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composer in Panama. His interest in this field is related to his folklore research and he has been promoting the recognition of this form of expression of the countryside people for more than half a century. As the main coordinator for the
Veraguas delegations in the Mejorana National Festival (since
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Using attractive illustrations (hand-drawn by himself) and a short-chapter format to ease the interest of young readers, Changmarín has published in several fields, from poetry to history books. Many scholars consider his children's literature works an expression of his tender side without losing his
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Once he was allowed to return to Panama, Changmarín established himself in several leadership and organizational roles within the
Communist movement. He continuously worked in his artistic endeavours to deliver social and cultural messages. During this period resulted he was nationally recognized as
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conclusions and tone. This makes his work very popular among the intellectual middle classes and the working classes, specifically the campesinos (countryside people), who identify themselves with
Changmarín's personality and language. Changmarín was himself born and raised in the countryside of
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Until his death from stomach cancer, Changmarín lived in his birth town of
Santiago de Veraguas with his companion Eneida Romero. He continued to write, paint and participate in political and ecological commentary and activism. The couple had five children, with four of these still living. In
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under the supervision of U.S. managers, where he witnessed the unfair and abusive conditions between the U.S. personnel and the non-U.S. workers. This added to similar experiences he had had while living with his aunt, who belonged to the richer sector of her hometown. He became determined to
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During this period, he was incarcerated several times, but this did not stop him from working in several jobs while in prison. He estimates that he spent some four years of his life behind bars. After being in and out of prison under political charges, Changmarín was finally exiled to
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Politically persecuted in the past, Changmarín's contributions to
Panamanian culture and folklore added to his internationally recognized talent and forced otherwise antagonistic institutions such as the government to recognize his achievements. He has won several national awards (see
503:, possibly being the most researched and analyzed of his works in this genre. It has been described as written by bursts of raw emotions; an anti-story, and as the first Panamanian short story that could be used to formulate a theory regarding the creative writing process.
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Changmarín has published three novels. He mainly writes in a historical narrative style which has been praised by critics for its attention to detail in the description of the physical frame (flora, fauna, geography) as well as the cultural frame. Changmarín alluded to
828:-like effect as an artistic expression and Changmarín having mastered the form, managed to merge it with the social angst-ridden echoes of the dispossessed and the nationalist feelings of the people to "incense a protest in each fist and a march in each step".
734:, and Panama by several music groups. The piece is sometimes sung by spectators in soccer matches and performed at music concerts across Ibero-America. Changmarín is hardly known as the creator, but this is a credit that he does not pursue.
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Between 1940 and 1950, Changmarín worked as a teacher in several provinces, where he organized the student movement in strikes to denounce key issues regarding the country's social problems. This resulted in his being fired from his post.
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in almost all his larger works for adults and children in an effort to place him as a founding father of Panama. To Chang Marín, Lorenzo was the first true
Panamanian whose life story and identity parallel that of Panama as a nation.
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Having published several books dedicated to reach the youth, Changmarín tries to deliver his social messages in order to promote human sensibilities and awareness to all ages. Through children's literature, he takes advantage of his
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Changmarín returned to formal education at the Juan
Demostenes Arosemena Normal School (founded in 1938). He was mentored by intellectuals from South America and Europe, most of whom were victims of European
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Part of his creation in this field is inspired by his own experiences as a child and by the constant interaction with his own grand and great-grandchildren, to whom most of these books have been dedicated.
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Changmarín was the artistic name used by Carlos
Francisco Chang Marín, which comes from merging both of his surnames (from his paternal surname "Chang" and maternal surname "Marin"). It expresses his mixed
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As a writer, poetry is basically
Changmarín's fundamental tool of expression. Once established as a consecrated poet, he reached an outstanding moment in his creation with the book of poetry entitled
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In the field of music, Changmarín has produced a long list of compositions, both in writing lyrics and creating the musical arrangements. One of his best-known creations comprise the lyrics for
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Changmarín used his writings as his main weapon for resistance. For years, he used politically charged décimas as means to educate the people about identity and the struggle at hand.
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is still very common in Ibero-America. It is endorsed by the government, religious as well as right-wing policy-makers (who generally represent the rich sectors of the society) and
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His clear and direct writing form serves as a tool for the constant struggles and protests that were taking place in Ibero-America during the 1970s and 1980s. The décima, having a
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2003: Labour and Effort Award and recognition in the
Chinese-Panamanian community of Asociación China de Mujeres Profesionales (Chinese Association of Professional Women), Panama.
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one of the persons responsible for the Panama Canal struggle against the United States. This struggle ended with the United States returning the operational control of the
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As a journalist, Changmarín has a long history contributing with commentaries and opinions appearing in several Panamanian and international newspapers, especially the
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authors according to several scholars. Being under the vanguardist influence, his poetry developed a tone of despair with a very obvious revolutionary intent.
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Changmarín is the only Panamanian décima composer who published three books dealing with décima composition as well as décimas compilations. The books
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As one of the main Panamanian writers, his work in literature is prolific. During his career, Changmarín has touched on different genres and styles.
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As are most of his works, the short stories are highly political in nature, describing and portraying historical events, as seen in his compendium
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2002: Ester María Osses Award of the Instituto Nacional de Cultura (National Culture Institute), Panama (children's literature category).
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Changmarín was a strong proponent of an environmental-friendly way of life and critic of the consumer-oriented free market and
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Moreover, he expressed an integrated relationship between culture and nature, rejecting the industrial Western concept of
821:(I want to plant corn in the Canal Zone) were the songs of the protests against the constant abuse by the United States.
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and atmosphere to expose the problems concerning land ownership and exploitation suffered by the countryside people. The
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2002: Medal of Honour of the Asociación Nacional de Poetas de la Décima (Décima Poets National Association), Panama.
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in 1968. While living there, he studied painting at the Universidad National de Chile and became very active in the
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addition, it is well known that Changmarín had a passion for nature in general, with a predilection for orchids.
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collections are quite numerous and touch upon several themes and scopes. He tries to recreate the countryside
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In addition to these awards, several public and private libraries have been named after Changmarín.
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Changmarín's political activism reached an important moment in his life with the foundation of the
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1976: Special Prize at the Cuban Workers Centre's Rubén Martínez Villena Awards (poetry category).
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González, Ann (March 2014). "Changmarín: Race, Identity, and Children's Literature in Panama".
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789:(1995) have been used as references and inspiration to generations of décimas performers.
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message and they place many of his works in this area as jewels of Panamanian literature.
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areas. Many of his essays have been published in international magazines and newspapers.
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2006: Rogelio Sinán Medal of the Consejo Nacional de Escritores y Escritoras de Panama.
683:(The famous letters to my Aunt Tula), in one of the most widely circulated newspapers,
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1998: Dora Zàrate Award for his contribution promoting national identity and culture.
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in general, as well as its economic models and the impact these have in the region.
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formation by using a profound knowledge of the popular and simple art and language.
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His writing, which has been described as close to the people's voice, portrays the
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When not being used as a way to deliver and expose political, historical and
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National Awards with a submission of a book containing poetry entitled
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Vigencia de la Décima en Panamá, en Itinerario de una Nación 1903-2003
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1950), he has become a one-man cultural institution in this art form.
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It is not known when Changmarín left his aunt's house, but he went to
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Changmarín started writing poetry by the time he was in high school(
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establish his proletarian struggle visions and political activism.
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2003: Recognition from the Santiago de Veraguas Municipal Council.
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Most of his political essays deal with the relations between the
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people of the world. His work usually mixes descriptions of the
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Mester de Rebeldía, de la poesía Hispanoamericana; Ramiro Lagos
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2004: Medal and recognition of the Cuba Republic State Council.
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La Mansión de la Bruma, Cuentos de la cárcel. Publicada en ruso
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Changmarín's works in the field of essays concentrate on the
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teachers, the latter mainly being expatriated victims of the
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Victoriano Lorenzo, Primera Víctima del Canal Norteamericano
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2002: Universidad 2002 Award of the Universidad de Panamá.
1239:"Itinerario de la Poesía en Panamá, Tomo II" Rodrigo Miró
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and the search for social justice of his countrymen and
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1981: First Prize: El Guerrillero Transparente (novel)
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For several years, he had his own newspaper column,
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His latest novel, targeted mainly to young readers,
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817:(I wish they would just leave from the Canal) and
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435:and ideological views; it is also his fiction".
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524:(2005), had a more autobiographical approach.
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548:Highly recognized in this area are his poems
221:(February 26, 1922 – December 5, 2012) was a
1016:Las Gracias y las Desgracias de Chico Perico
562:Las Gracias y las Desgracias de Chico Perico
522:Las Gracias y las Desgracias de Chico Perico
279:beauty with naive humour and optimism with
1221:(in Spanish). aporrea.org. 6 December 2012
1098:1959: Second Prize: Faragual (short story)
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644:. He is highlighted among several others (
450:with a classical accent comparable to the
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1197:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1364:People from Santiago District, Veraguas
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1266:“Los Centroamericanos” José Mejía, Ph.D
1257:Gil Blas Tejeira; Writer and Journalist
998:Las Tonadas y los Cuentos de la Cigarra
986:Las Tonadas y los Cuentos de la Cigarra
550:Las Tonadas y los Cuentos de la Cigarra
200:Writer, painter, folkorist and musician
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899:Versos para Entrar a la Zona del Canal
779:Socabón, Décimas Populares para Cantar
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58:"Carlos Francisco Chang Marín"
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948:Las Mentiras Encantadas
595:'s policies toward the
352:presidential campaign.
1479:20th-century essayists
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1071:El Cumpleaños Panameño
819:Quiero Sembrar un Maíz
815:Que se vayan del Canal
742:orchestra directed by
668:) as a pioneer of the
654:Alejandro Chock Valdés
556:(2001) and the novels
281:proletarian revolution
1389:Panamanian communists
1296:The Latin Americanist
974:Children's literature
911:El Gallo de las Horas
783:Los Versos del Pueblo
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258:children's literature
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1384:Panamanian activists
980:Versos de Machachita
314:Santiago de Veraguas
154:Santiago de Veraguas
43:improve this article
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1469:20th-century poets
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514:Victoriano Lorenzo
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41:Please help
36:verification
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1359:2012 deaths
1354:1922 births
1225:20 November
1060:Discography
842:radio shows
676:newspaper.
560:(1978) and
552:(1975) and
501:Seis Madres
464:short story
321:Panama City
277:simple life
176:Panama City
1444:Male poets
1348:Categories
1146:References
1066:Tío Caimán
832:Ecological
720:Quilapayún
712:Tio Caiman
685:La Critica
638:newspaper
630:Journalism
624:World Bank
582:historical
535:pedagology
472:latifundia
429:Letra Viva
358:Canal Zone
238:journalist
226:folklorist
223:Panamanian
219:Changmarín
192:Changmarín
146:1922-02-26
69:newspapers
1316:145260899
1167:citations
798:Political
759:PROAPEMEP
728:Nicaragua
608:socialism
586:political
574:folkloric
497:paradigms
401:Franquism
296:Biography
1173:the text
849:progress
793:Activism
781:(1959),
724:Colombia
674:El Cholo
578:artistic
564:(2005).
399:Spanish
393:European
368:Writings
292:below).
284:Panama.
242:activist
234:musician
1177:Please
716:Chilean
397:fascist
334:fascism
303:Chinese
230:painter
83:scholar
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1171:verify
1082:Awards
1055:(2003)
1049:(1980)
1043:(1979)
1037:(1975)
1031:(1965)
1023:Essays
969:(1982)
956:(2002)
950:(1997)
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864:Poetry
771:décima
765:Décima
718:group
696:Unidad
641:Granma
601:Panama
568:Essays
507:Novels
376:Poetry
307:Creole
290:Awards
254:essays
250:poetry
246:writer
205:Spouse
180:Panama
158:Panama
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1312:S2CID
961:Novel
859:Works
706:Music
636:Cuban
346:Chile
90:JSTOR
76:books
1227:2013
826:bard
757:and
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732:Cuba
664:and
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165:Died
140:Born
62:news
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