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least one further volume in the series, he was unable to bring this plan to fruition. Further selections from
Carmichael's manuscripts were edited by his grandson James Carmichael Watson (1910–1942) and published as volumes III (1940) and IV (1941). A fifth volume, mostly taken up with song texts, was edited by Professor Angus Matheson (1912–1962) in 1954. The series was rounded off in 1971 with a sixth volume containing a lengthy glossary and indices, edited by Angus Matheson with the assistance of his brother William (1910–1995). In 1992 Floris Press published a one-volume English-language edition with a valuable introduction by Dr
17:
103:, then subsequently to Archibald Sinclair's Gaelic publishing company in Glasgow. In both cases, the offer was withdrawn owing to Carmichael's unhappiness with the publisher's plans, and his determination to see the collection through the press on his own terms and according to his own design. Much of the final editing was carried out after Carmichael's retirement from the
111:(1866–1912), who gave the work its title, and Kenneth MacLeod (1871–1955). The initial letters, adapted from early medieval insular manuscripts and engraved stones, were illustrated by Carmichael's wife Mary Frances Macbean (1838–1928). The book itself, dedicated to Mary Frances, was published in two volumes in October 1900, under the auspices of
155:". Having searched for manuscript copies of charms appearing in the third and fourth volumes, Robertson accused Carmichael of meddling with, altering, and polishing original texts: 'hardly one had not been touched up in some way, sometimes quite drastically'. Robertson's article drew a vigorous rebuff from the Gaelic scholar
82:’s Celtic Scotland. Carmichael rounded off his contribution in an unorthodox manner, presenting a selection of traditional rhymes, prayers, blessings, and songs he had gathered from a wide variety of informants in the islands, intended to illustrate the spiritual refinement and respectability of their
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remains a controversial text, its volumes have to be read in the context of
Carmichael's own times, a period of widespread political strife in the Highlands, when habitual contempt of Gaels, their language and their culture was widespread and publicly expressed. In the words of Gaelic scholar Dr John
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was published in six volumes: Alexander
Carmichael himself, with the assistance of family and friends, was responsible for the first two volumes, published in 1900; these were re-edited by his daughter Ella (1870–1928) in 1928. Although Carmichael's correspondence suggests that he planned at
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must be taken as a literary and not as a literal presentation of Gaelic folklore'. Now that
Alexander Carmichael's original field notebooks, accompanied by full transcriptions, have been published online under the auspices of the Carmichael Watson Project at the Centre for Research Collections,
135:, as well as a lasting testament to their creator: the ‘splendid consummation of the love-labour of a whole diligent life-time’. Although little public criticism was voiced during Carmichael's lifetime, it is clear that other Gaelic folklore collectors and scholars such as
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reciters. The popularity of ‘Grazing and
Agrestic Customs’, and a subsequent paper Carmichael delivered on 24 December 1888 to the Gaelic Society of Glasgow on ‘Uist Old Hymns’, encouraged him to embark upon a much more comprehensive work on the subject.
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is a compendium of prayers, hymns, charms, incantations, blessings, literary-folkloric poems and songs, proverbs, lexical items, historical anecdotes, natural history observations, and miscellaneous lore gathered in the
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is not a monumental exercise in literary fabrication nor, on the other hand, is it a transcript of ancient poems and spells reproduced exactly in the form in which they survived in oral tradition.' Despite its flaws,
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were uneasy with his earlier treatment of material he had collected. Eventually, Carmichael's editing methods were roundly challenged in 1976 with the publication of Hamish
Robertson's article in
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78:, had requested Carmichael to compose a piece on traditional Hebridean land customs based on the chapter on the subject that he had written for the third volume of
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Report of Her
Majesty’s Commissioners of Inquiry into the Conditions of the Crofters and Cottars in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland
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remains an indispensable source for the popular culture, customs, beliefs, and way of life of
Scottish Gaels in the nineteenth century.
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can be traced to ‘Grazing and
Agrestic Customs of the Outer Hebrides’, the second appendix Alexander Carmichael contributed to the
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regions of
Scotland between 1860 and 1909. The material was recorded, translated, and reworked by the exciseman and folklorist
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was a landmark in Scottish art publishing, intended not just as a treasury of lore, but as an object of beauty in itself.
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in December 1897, with the help of a team of assistants including his daughter Ella Carmichael and his protégés
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in the following issue of the journal, although Campbell conceded that 'uch of the first three volumes of the
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115:(1847–1928) in a limited edition of 300 copies, costing 3 guineas a copy.
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311:" (University of Edinburgh, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, 1997), pp. 53–8, 275–87.
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Carmichael, Alexander. "Grazing and agrestic customs of the Outer Hebrides",
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Campbell, John Lorne. "Notes on Hamish Robertson's Studies in Carmichael's
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The History of Scottish Theology, Volume III: The Long Twentieth Century
54:(b. 1930). Floris Press reprinted the entire six-volume series in 2006.
168:, for the first time the editing processes involved in the creation of
303:, xiii(2) (1981), pp. 183–216; Stiùbhart, "Alexander Carmichael and
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were initially welcomed by reviewers as a monumental achievement in
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Dùthchas nan Gàidheal: Collected Essays of John MacInnes
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Stiùbhart, Domhnall Uilleam. "Alexander Carmichael and
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Stiùbhart, Domhnall Uilleam (2019). "The Theology of
299:: George Henderson’s corrections and suggestions",
273:(3 vols, Edinburgh, 1876–80), vol. iii, pp. 378–93.
95:The collection was first offered, in 1891, to the
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284:Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Glasgow
350:Robertson, Hamish. "Studies in Carmichael's
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219:The Life and Legacy of Alexander Carmichael
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282:Carmichael, Alexander. "Uist old hymns",
232:Carmina Gadelica: Hymns and Incantations
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337:Stiùbhart, "Alexander Carmichael and
245:Ortha nan Gàidheal: Carmina Gadelica
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221:(Port of Ness, Lewis, 2008), p. 32.
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550:Scottish Gaelic literature
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388:(Edinburgh, 2006), p. 491.
247:(6 vols, Edinburgh, 2006).
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373:Scottish Gaelic Studies
356:Scottish Gaelic Studies
301:Scottish Gaelic Studies
295:Campbell, John Lorne. "
269:Skene, William Forbes.
166:University of Edinburgh
149:Scottish Gaelic Studies
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42:Authors and publication
477:vol. ii (1928 edition)
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20:Title page of volume 3
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157:John Lorne Campbell
101:Idylls of the Isles
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234:(Edinburgh, 1992).
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