1425:, castling is considered a king move, so the king must be touched first; if the rook is touched first, a rook move must be played instead. As usual, the player may choose another legal destination square for the king until releasing it. When the two-square king move is completed, however, the player is committed to castling if it is legal, and the rook must be moved accordingly. The entire move must be completed with one hand. A player who attempts to castle illegally must return the king and rook to their original squares and then make a legal king move if possible (which may include castling on the other side). If there is no legal king move, the touch-move rule does not apply to the rook.
7497:
7469:
7275:
6736:
6694:
6190:
6148:
5902:
5895:
5832:
5825:
5797:
5741:
5560:
5553:
5490:
5469:
5462:
5455:
5392:
5371:
5174:
5118:
5104:
5090:
5055:
4792:
4785:
4771:
4694:
4673:
4652:
4437:
4353:
4122:
4080:
4066:
4017:
3996:
3796:
3761:
3719:
3677:
3412:
3349:
3328:
3279:
3047:
3033:
3026:
2963:
2757:
2708:
2659:
2624:
2340:
2333:
2319:
2312:
2298:
2284:
2270:
2249:
1954:
1940:
1926:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1849:
1835:
1594:
1587:
1566:
1524:
848:
660:
141:
127:
106:
92:
5909:
5748:
5567:
5378:
5111:
5034:
4778:
4659:
4458:
4409:
4038:
3096:
3019:
2375:
2214:
1961:
1933:
1919:
1863:
1856:
1828:
1210:
1015:
7511:
7504:
7490:
7483:
7476:
7289:
7282:
7268:
7089:
7082:
7075:
7068:
7061:
7054:
7047:
7040:
7033:
7026:
7019:
7012:
7005:
6998:
6743:
6715:
6680:
6197:
6169:
6134:
5923:
5916:
5888:
5881:
5874:
5867:
5860:
5853:
5846:
5839:
5818:
5811:
5804:
5790:
5783:
5776:
5769:
5762:
5755:
5734:
5581:
5574:
5546:
5539:
5532:
5525:
5518:
5511:
5504:
5497:
5483:
5476:
5448:
5441:
5434:
5427:
5420:
5413:
5406:
5399:
5385:
5364:
5181:
5167:
5160:
5153:
5146:
5139:
5132:
5125:
5097:
5083:
5076:
5069:
5062:
5048:
5041:
5027:
4848:
4841:
4834:
4827:
4820:
4813:
4806:
4799:
4764:
4757:
4750:
4743:
4736:
4729:
4722:
4715:
4708:
4701:
4687:
4680:
4666:
4645:
4451:
4444:
4430:
4423:
4416:
4402:
4395:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4360:
4346:
4339:
4157:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4129:
4115:
4108:
4101:
4094:
4087:
4073:
4059:
4052:
4045:
4031:
4024:
4010:
4003:
3989:
3810:
3803:
3789:
3782:
3775:
3768:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3670:
3663:
3419:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3342:
3335:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3272:
3110:
3103:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3040:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2984:
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2764:
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2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2701:
2694:
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2666:
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2638:
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2617:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2389:
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2354:
2347:
2326:
2305:
2291:
2277:
2263:
2256:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2207:
1947:
1842:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1580:
1573:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1517:
1510:
1217:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1008:
855:
841:
834:
827:
674:
667:
653:
646:
336:
329:
322:
315:
308:
301:
148:
134:
120:
113:
99:
85:
7463:
7262:
6992:
5728:
5358:
5021:
4639:
4333:
3983:
3657:
3266:
2943:
2611:
2201:
1822:
1504:
1183:
1002:
821:
640:
295:
79:
6729:
6722:
6708:
6701:
6687:
6665:
6658:
6651:
6644:
6637:
6630:
6623:
6616:
6609:
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6311:
6304:
6297:
6290:
6275:
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6226:
6219:
6212:
6183:
6176:
6162:
6155:
6141:
2538:; for these reasons, the king is often subsequently moved to the b-file. In addition, queenside castling is initially obstructed by more pieces than kingside castling, thus taking longer to set up than kingside castling. On the other hand, queenside castling places the rook more efficiently on the central d-file, where it is often immediately active; meanwhile, with kingside castling, a
10653:
5289:, with the white pieces, played 16.Ng7+ Ke7 17.Nf5+ Ke8. Although all the pieces were now on the same squares, the two positions were not identical because Black, having moved his king, no longer had the right to castle. White now had time to build pressure on the black king without worrying that the king might escape by castling.
514:, a two-square king move added to European chess between the 14th and 15th centuries, and took on its present form in the 17th century. Local variations in castling rules were common, however, persisting in Italy until the late 19th century. Castling does not exist in Asian games of the chess family, such as
2099:
The rule of castling has varied by location and time. In medieval
England, Spain, and France, the white king was allowed to jump to c1, c2, d3, e3, f3, or g1 if no capture was made and the king was not in check and did not move over check; the black king might move analogously. In Lombardy, the white
471:
and then moving the rook to the square that the king passed over. Castling is permitted only if neither the king nor the rook has previously moved; the squares between the king and the rook are vacant; and the king does not leave, cross over, or finish on a square attacked by an enemy piece. Castling
7619:
in which White promotes a pawn to a rook and then castles vertically with the newly promoted rook (placing the king on e3 and the rook on e2), since the rook has not moved. In the position on the right, White plays 1.e8=R, and after the forced move 1...Kxc2 castles vertically with the promoted rook,
1751:
With his 26th move, Karpov attempted to claim a draw by threefold repetition, thinking that the positions after his 22nd, 24th, and 26th moves were the same. It was pointed out to him, however, that the position after his 22nd move had different castling rights than the positions after his 24th and
2529:
The choice regarding to which side one castles often hinges on an assessment of the trade-off between king safety and activity of the rook. Kingside castling is generally slightly safer because the king ends up closer to the edge of the board and can usually defend all of the pawns on the castled
6938:
problems. By chess problem convention, if a player's king and rook are on their original squares, the player is assumed to have castling rights unless it can be proved otherwise. In some retrograde analysis problems, the solver (who usually plays White) is required to prove that the opponent has
2545:
Players may forgo castling for various reasons. In positions where the opponent cannot organize an attack against a centralized king, castling may be unnecessary or even detrimental. In addition, in certain situations, a rook can be more active near the edges of the board than in the center; for
7209:
This demonstrates that the white king has not moved yet and that the rook on d4 must therefore be a promoted piece. Therefore, either the black king or black rook has previously moved to let the white rook off the back rank. Therefore Black cannot castle. After any move by Black, 2.Rd8 is mate.
2549:
Kingside castling occurs more frequently than queenside castling. It is common for both players to castle kingside, somewhat uncommon for one player to castle kingside and the other queenside, and somewhat rare for both players to castle queenside. If one player castles kingside and the other
3926:
1960, when Purdy castled queenside, Averbakh queried the move, pointing out that the rook had passed over an attacked square. Purdy indicated e8 and c8 and said, "The king", in an attempt to explain that this was forbidden only for the king. Averbakh replied, "Only the king? Not the rook?"
6803:
In variants played on a standard 8×8 board, castling is often the same as in standard chess. This includes variants that replace the king with a different royal piece, as is the case with the knight in
Knightmate. Some variants, however, have different rules; for example, in
6909:
proposed a variant of chess without castling. This variant would reduce king safety, theoretically leading to more dynamic games, as it would be considerably harder to force a draw and the pieces would be forced to engage in a mêlée. In 2021, former world champion
2558:. Castling on opposite sides usually results in a fierce fight, as each player's pawns are free to advance to attack the opponent's castled position without exposing the player's own castled king. Opposite castling is a common feature of many openings, such as the
7393:
Some joke chess problems involve castling with a promoted rook of the opponent's color. In orthodox chess, this would be illegal since the rook would be giving check to the king, but under fairy chess conditions, this might not actually be check.
2121:
In Rome, from the early 17th century until the late 19th century, the rook might be placed on any square up to and including the king's square, and the king might be moved to any square on the other side of the rook. This was called
7641:
to amend the castling laws in 1974 to add the requirement that the king and rook be on the same rank. In reality, the original FIDE Laws from 1930 explicitly stated that castling must be done with a king and a rook on the same rank
7397:
The diagrammed problem involves castling with an opposing rook under the Koko fairy condition (each piece must end up adjacent to another piece when moving). The solution (Black's move being given first per helpmate convention) is:
6056:
and taking control of the center. Instead of allowing this, Black hopes to cause trouble for White by returning the piece while depriving White of the right to castle. White can easily castle artificially, however. For example:
4960:
in the
Thornton castling trap. In the position in the diagram, the game continued 10...Rxb2 11.dxe5 dxe5?? 12.Qxd8+ Kxd8 13.0-0-0+, and O'Kelly resigned. Feuer's last move simultaneously gave check and attacked the rook on b2.
1772:
indicates castling based on the starting and ending squares of the king; thus, castling kingside is written as 5171 for White and 5878 for Black, and castling queenside is written as 5131 for White and 5838 for Black.
7408:
where, after 3.0-0, White's rook is not checking the king; a hypothetical capture of the king would result in the rook not being adjacent to any other piece, which is illegal under the Koko condition.
554:
During castling, the king is shifted two squares toward a rook of the same color on the same rank, and the rook is transferred to the square crossed by the king. There are two forms of castling:
2073:, or the king would move two squares on its first move. The knight move might be used early in the game to get the king to safety or later in the game to escape a threat. This second form was
2100:
king might also jump to a2, b1, or h1, with corresponding squares applying to the black king. Later, in
Germany and Italy, the rule was changed such that the king move was accompanied by a
1376:
once attempted to castle queenside as Black when d8 was under attack (this was not allowed). Illegal castling has also occasionally occurred in serious games between top players (including
3597:
17.Na3 Ng6 18.Qd2 f4 19.Bf2 Bh3 20.Rfb1 Bf5 21.Nc2 h6 22.gxh6 Rxh6 23.Nb4 Qe6 24.Qe2 Ne7 25.b3 Qg6+ 26.Kf1 Bxb1 27.bxc4 dxc4 28.Qb2 Bd3+ 29.Ke1 Be4 30.Qe2 Bxf3 31.Qxf3 Rxh2 32.d5 Qf5 33.
2147:, the word "Castles" was originally spelled out, adding "K's R" or "Q's R" if disambiguation was needed; eventually, the 0-0 and 0-0-0 notation was borrowed from the algebraic system.
2060:
Castling under medieval rules. Symbol color corresponds to king color. Circles represent
English, Spanish, French, and Lombardy movement; crosses represent Lombardy movement only.
8104:
2118:
The current version of castling was established in France in 1620 and in
England in 1640. It served to combine the rook's move and the king's jumping move into a single move.
8447:
3569:
if castling was legal when the castling rook was under attack. The arbiter answered in the affirmative, Korchnoi executed the move, and Karpov resigned shortly after.
2559:
1399:
The rook can pass through an attacked square. (White can castle queenside even if Black is attacking b1; Black can castle queenside even if White is attacking b8.)
2876:: the king attacks a rook (on b2 for White or b7 for Black), while the rook attacks a second enemy piece (usually the king). In the example shown, from the game
8735:
1752:
26th moves, rendering his claim illegal. As a result, Karpov was penalized five minutes on his clock. After thinking for about ten minutes, Miles decided to
7411:
The allowance of castling with a "phantom rook" in handicap games has also been used in joke problems. Many other joke variations on castling are possible.
7796:
2133:
introduced the 0-0 notation. He differentiated between 0-0r (right) and 0-0l (left). The 0-0-0 notation for queenside castling was introduced in 1837 by
2077:
as early as the 13th century. In North Africa, the king was transferred to a safe square by a two-move procedure: the king moved to the player's second
9199:
6809:
3585:, Dublin 1973. The third instance of castling, the second one by White, was illegal, as the white king had already moved. The game is as follows:
2891:
has proposed the name "Thornton castling trap" for this pattern, in reference to the earliest known example, Thornton–Boultbee, published in the
6078:
White has achieved a normal castled position via several moves. With the bishop pair and a central pawn majority, White has a slight advantage.
1384:) when they forgot that the king or rook had previously moved and returned to its home square, and has not always been noticed by the opponent.
7670:), while queenside and kingside castling are referred to using the adjectives meaning "long" and "short" (or "big" and "small"), respectively.
3582:
2088:
Various forms of castling were developed due to the spread of rulesets during the 15th and 16th centuries which increased the power of the
1764:
Both algebraic notation and descriptive notation indicate kingside castling as 0-0 and queenside castling as 0-0-0 (using the digit zero).
7995:
1368:
both had to consult the arbiter during tournaments on whether castling was legal when the rook was on or passed over an attacked square,
3558:
10433:
8339:
8628:
1448:
with an unmoved rook of the same color on the same rank, even if castling is not legal in that particular position. In the context of
8108:
6808:, the king may move more or fewer than two squares (including none) when castling, depending on the starting position. Former world
1316:
Black cannot castle kingside because the white queen attacks f8. Black can castle queenside despite the white queen's attack on b8.
1135:
White cannot castle queenside because Black's queen controls c1. White can castle kingside even though the h1-rook is under attack.
9985:
2526:
of the board, and it moves the rook to a more active position (the f-file if castling kingside; the d-file if castling queenside).
2096:, allowing these pieces to attack from a distance and from both sides of the board, thus increasing the importance of king safety.
3533:, 2007, the move 19...0-0 threatens to win the rook on h7, as well as 20...Bxg5, when White cannot recapture due to the threat of
3523:
Such a double attack can also be made by castling kingside, although this is much rarer. In this position from the blindfold game
3218:
game
Gurvich–Pampin, 1976. After 1.Qxd8+ Kxd8 2.0-0-0+ Ke7 3.Nxb5, White has won a rook by castling with check and simultaneously
10448:
10408:
10428:
8474:
3537:. Black will thus win the g5-knight next move; 20.Rh6 Bxg5 21.Rxg6+ Kh7 22.Rxg5 would not work, as it would be met by 22...Rf1
1392:
once "castled his queen" (moving his queen from d1 to b1 and his rook from a1 to c1, which was also not allowed). To clarify:
10423:
8842:
8821:
8796:
8748:
8655:
8349:
8322:
8051:
8615:
6939:
previously moved their king or rook and therefore cannot castle. This is sometimes accomplished by castling or by capturing
9975:
8312:
7637:
includes a problem featuring vertical castling, along with an incorrect claim that the problem's 1973 publication prompted
6867:
10368:
10231:
10216:
9980:
8365:
6815:
was confused by the castling rules during the 2022 championships, and attempted to illegally castle out of check versus
585:) consists of moving the king to c1 and the rook to d1 for White, or moving the king to c8 and the rook to d8 for Black.
570:) consists of moving the king to g1 and the rook to f1 for White, or moving the king to g8 and the rook to f8 for Black.
10506:
9971:
9966:
9294:
8029:
10443:
10343:
10236:
10201:
8773:
8725:
8676:
7738:
10413:
10403:
10321:
10206:
8956:
8951:
6880:
1768:
and some publications use O-O for kingside castling and O-O-O for queenside castling (using the letter O) instead.
10398:
10388:
8904:
8851:
8175:
8100:
6830:(16×16), preserve the castling movement of the rooks, meaning that the king moves a different distance along the
2888:
7646:
in French). It is unclear whether any historically published sets of rules would technically allow such a move.
10683:
10393:
10383:
10378:
9041:
9003:
7835:
6854:
4266:
8167:
7783:
6858:
4947:
The game ended 10....Rxb2 11.dxe5 dxe5?? 12.Qxd8+ Kxd8 13.0-0-0+ and O'Kelly resigned since the rook is lost.
10528:
10438:
10373:
9949:
9711:
9262:
8716:
9787:
9267:
7199:
3602:
2530:
side. In queenside castling, the king is placed closer to the center and does not defend the pawn on the a-
1388:
once even accidentally castled queenside as White with his queen's rook on b1 (which was not allowed), and
10542:
10491:
10196:
8423:
6827:
6822:
Castling can also be adapted to variants with different board sizes and shapes. Some such variants, like
10693:
10615:
10593:
10501:
10486:
10145:
10097:
10092:
10082:
9750:
9428:
9272:
8664:
7623:
Vertical castling, also known as "Staugaard castling" or "Pam–Krabbé castling", has been used in a few
4953:
536:
500:
6045:
2881:
489:
10547:
10481:
10331:
10226:
10221:
10070:
8601:
7969:
7206:
7194:
2139:
477:
6052:
Black sees that if he plays 1...Nxe5, White responds with 2.d4, winning back the minor piece with a
2868:
Tactical patterns involving castling are rare. One pattern involves castling queenside to deliver a
2112:
10523:
10496:
10338:
10055:
9448:
9443:
9400:
9299:
6897:
game with rook odds, the player giving odds may castle with the absent rook, moving only the king.
2896:
2870:
1430:
9134:
2520:
10698:
10632:
10157:
9822:
6850:
2130:
9168:
2108:
10688:
10211:
10140:
9438:
9284:
9189:
9034:
8966:
7726:
Pandolfini's Chess
Complete: The Most Comprehensive Guide to the Game, from History to Strategy
7616:
6871:, castling is possible within the spatial dimensions but not across time or between timelines.
6832:
4584:
4570:(1968), where White resigned. Had the game continued, Black could have checkmated by castling:
1765:
575:
560:
10348:
10271:
10152:
9852:
9847:
9534:
9257:
9216:
8998:
8873:
8390:
8314:
The
Complete Idiot's Guide to Chess Openings: Discover the First-Move Strategies of Champions
7724:
1769:
6842:(11×10), the player may choose to move the king any distance and move the rook accordingly.
4957:
1372:
once mistakenly thought that Black queenside castling was illegal when b8 was attacked, and
10060:
9997:
9956:
9917:
9699:
9689:
9619:
9433:
9364:
9289:
9174:
8973:
8707:
4278:
3215:
2144:
2115:
in 1498, castling consisted of moving the rook and then moving the king on separate moves.
1449:
954:
Black cannot castle on either side because the black king is in check by the white bishop.
773:
White cannot castle queenside because the knight is in the way. White can castle kingside.
504:
8855:
6926:. The earliest known study containing castling was published in 1843 by Julius Mendheim.
5304:, is a maneuver whereby a player achieves a castled position without the use of castling.
2532:
2079:
465:
8:
10513:
10293:
10040:
9927:
9897:
9867:
9839:
9812:
9755:
9656:
9624:
9584:
9539:
9252:
9194:
9069:
9017:
9012:
8939:
8897:
7730:
6935:
6862:
4975:
3578:
1452:, two positions with different castling rights are considered to be different positions.
1361:
10050:
8291:
8009:
6914:
defeated
Kramnik 2½–1½ in a no-castling exhibition match under classical time controls.
3601:
Rh3 34.Qe2 Rxc3+ 35.Kb2 Rh3 36.d6 Nec6 37.Nxc6 Nxc6 38.e6 Qe5+ 39.Qxe5 Nxe5 40.d7+ Nxd7
3214:
Another example of tactical castling is illustrated in the diagrammed position from the
1346:
The king does not pass through or finish on a square that is attacked by an enemy piece.
10620:
10518:
10261:
10065:
9706:
9594:
9206:
9074:
8787:
8271:
8251:
8218:
8144:
8080:
7891:
7624:
6816:
6036:
1389:
17:
6735:
6693:
6189:
6147:
10603:
10476:
10288:
10246:
10172:
10124:
10107:
10087:
9939:
9877:
9817:
9792:
9639:
9604:
9599:
9579:
9567:
9410:
9378:
9344:
9324:
9161:
9155:
9116:
8983:
8838:
8817:
8792:
8769:
8744:
8721:
8672:
8651:
8576:
8345:
8318:
8047:
7831:
7734:
6911:
3589:
1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Be3 Nf6 4.e5 Nfd7 5.f4 c5 6.c3 Nc6 7.Nf3 Qb6 8.Qd2 c4 9.Be2 Na5 10.
2877:
1753:
6742:
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8341:
Techniques of Positional Play: 45 Practical Methods to Gain the Upper Hand in Chess
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6845:
Castling sometimes features in chess variants not played on a square grid, such as
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3928:
1422:
8762:
8129:
3909:
Black to move castled queenside, with the rook traversing the attacked b8-square.
1360:
Castling rules often cause confusion, even occasionally among high-level players.
23:"Castle (chess)" redirects here. For the chess piece that resembles a castle, see
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Initial positions of kings and rooks. Kings may castle to the indicated squares.
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notations, castling kingside is written as 0-0 and castling queenside as 0-0-0.
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anyway (even an incorrect claim of threefold repetition is also a draw offer).
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In most European languages, the term for castling is derived from the Persian
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then explained the castling rules to him in Russian, and the game continued.
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example, if it is able to fight for control of an open or semi-open file.
2137:. The practice was adopted in the first edition (1843) of the influential
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often include castling in their rulesets, sometimes in a modified form.
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Castling is permitted provided all of the following conditions are met:
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that "most chess players refrain from demonstrations of ambidexterity."
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The diagram illustrates the consequences of losing castling rights.
3593:
f5 11.Ng5 Be7 12.g4 Bxg5 13.fxg5 Nf8 14.gxf5 exf5 15.Bf3 Be6 16.Qg2
2069:. There were two forms of the leap: the king would move once like a
10276:
6833:
6805:
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8475:"Study of the Month - A short history of endgame study castling I"
2509:
Position after 10.0-0-0: Opposite castling in the Yugoslav Attack
561:
8993:
8630:
Règle du Jeu d’Échecs de la F. I. D. E. (édition officielle 1930)
519:
472:
is the only move in chess in which two pieces are moved at once.
8524:
8448:"No-Castling Chess: Anand holds Kramnik, wins Sparkassen Trophy"
7811:
on castling, considerable confusion often reigns among beginners
2085:, and the rook and king moved to each other's original squares.
9460:
523:
8411:, Teach Yourself Books, English Universities Press, p. 59
7993:
Stefan Bücker: "Was bedeutet 0-0?" (What does 0-0 mean?), in:
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may be required to move the rook to a more effective square.
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6890:, where the rooks have significantly more opening mobility.
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1741:, play continued from the diagrammed position as follows:
8421:
435:
White has castled kingside; Black has castled queenside.
10652:
8882:
8422:
Kramnik (VladimirKramnik), Vladimir (27 November 2019).
7856:
8366:"Fischer Random 2: Wesley So tries to castle illegally"
1356:
A player may not castle out of, through, or into check.
8690:"FIDE Laws of Chess taking effect from 1 January 2023"
7690:"FIDE Laws of Chess taking effect from 1 January 2018"
1421:
Under FIDE rules and USCF rules, and enforced in most
6874:
Some chess variants do not feature castling, such as
1746:
22... Ra4 23. Nc3 Ra8 24. Nb5 Ra4 25. Nc3 Ra8 26. Nb5
6945:, thereby disproving other possible game histories.
1428:
These tournament rules are not commonly enforced in
1402:
The king can have been in check earlier in the game.
7942:c1, c2, c3, d3, e3, f3, g1, g2, or g3 according to
2884:and resigned after 14.0-0-0+, which wins the rook.
1333:
Neither the king nor the rook has previously moved.
8761:
2150:
1336:There are no pieces between the king and the rook.
7684:
7682:
5307:
4562:The diagram shows the final position of the game
2880:–Millers, Königsberg 1926, Black played 13...Rxb2
10675:
8500:"Codex of Chess Compositions – WFCC, Article 16"
8030:C.N. 5916 – 'Thornton castling trap' (C.N. 4078)
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39:
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8737:U.S. Chess Federation's Official Rules of Chess
8205:
7970:"The Evolution of Modern Chess Rules: Castling"
2514:Castling is generally an important goal in the
7679:
8898:
8424:"Kramnik And AlphaZero: How To Rethink Chess"
8041:
7388:Helpmate in three with Koko fairy condition
6917:
6905:Writing in 2019, former world chess champion
6081:
2565:
1455:
2518:: it moves the king to safety away from the
1350:Conditions 3 and 4 can be summarized by the
8743:(7th ed.), (independently published),
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3934:
2129:In the 1811 edition of his chess treatise,
8905:
8891:
8633:, (in French), FIDE, 1930 (via wikisource)
8134:(click on: "Greatest number of castlings")
7722:
3577:Castling occurred three times in the game
8720:(2nd ed.), Oxford University Press,
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8804:
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3572:
8549:Hornecker, Siegfried (9 October 2011).
8010:"Mattison vs. Millers, Königsberg 1926"
7967:
7496:
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7274:
7193:The diagram shows a mate in two. 1.Rad1
6035:In the first diagram (arising from the
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4575:29. Kf6 Qf5+ 30. Kg7 Qg6+ 31. Kh8 0-0-0
4436:
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8581:StrateGems – US Chess Problem Magazine
8504:World Federation for Chess Composition
8473:Hornecker, Siegfried (30 April 2022).
8388:
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8174:, October 1960, p, 198, reproduced by
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5377:
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4277:, but he instead played 18.Kd2#. (See
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1960:
1932:
1918:
1862:
1855:
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1436:nor commonly known by casual players.
1209:
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8105:"Castling Confuses Even Grandmasters"
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2895:in 1884. Other chess writers such as
2763:
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2197:
2143:and soon became standard. In English
1946:
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147:
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8733:
8684:
8602:"Staugaard castling at Die Schwalbe"
8525:"Yet another chess problem database"
8219:"Ed. Lasker vs. Thomas, London 1912"
7862:
7850:
7781:
7414:
6868:5D Chess with Multiverse Time Travel
6067:White begins castling artificially.
5312:
4590:
594:
33:
8241:, Dover Publications, 1962, p. 120.
8145:"Averbakh vs. Purdy, Adelaide 1960"
7772:Article 3.8.2 in FIDE Laws of Chess
7713:Article 3.8.2 in FIDE Laws of Chess
7213:
1406:
13:
8874:"Mate by Castling" game collection
8850:
8529:Yet another chess problem database
8292:"Fischer vs. Najdorf, Varna, 1962"
8081:"Korchnoi vs. Karpov, Moscow 1974"
7403:1. Bg7 h8=R 2. Bf6 Kg6 3. 0-0 Kh7#
6838:. In a few variants, most notably
4585:Lawrence Day's notable chess games
2111:(c. 1500) and a game published by
1439:
14:
10710:
8867:
8577:"Chess Problem Fairy Definitions"
8239:Chess for Fun and Chess for Blood
7830:. Batsford. pp. 41–51, 149.
7615:In 1907, C. Staugaard composed a
1450:threefold and fivefold repetition
16:For people with the surname, see
10651:
10322:List of strong chess tournaments
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4269:(London 1912), White could have
4155:
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1508:
1502:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1181:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1006:
1000:
853:
846:
839:
832:
825:
819:
672:
665:
658:
651:
644:
638:
334:
327:
320:
313:
306:
299:
293:
146:
139:
132:
125:
118:
111:
104:
97:
90:
83:
77:
9295:Gökyay Association Chess Museum
8622:
8616:"Pam-Krabbé castling at yacpdb"
8608:
8594:
8569:
8542:
8517:
8492:
8466:
8440:
8415:
8382:
8358:
8338:Bronznik, Valeri (2014-02-18).
8331:
8304:
8284:
8272:"Feuer vs. O'Kelly, Liege 1934"
8264:
8244:
8231:
8211:
8198:
8185:
8157:
8137:
8122:
8093:
8073:
8060:
8035:
8022:
8002:
7987:
7961:
7948:
7936:
7923:
7910:
7884:
7868:
7802:from the original on 2020-09-18
7649:
7188:White to play and mate in two
2151:Strategic and tactical concepts
589:
8311:Aramil, William (2008-10-07).
8107:. Sun Sentinel. Archived from
8046:. Batsford. pp. 001–349.
7775:
7766:
7753:
7716:
7707:
7610:White to play and mate in two
5308:Example of artificial castling
2899:have since adopted this term.
2065:Castling has its roots in the
549:
1:
10420:Computer chess championships
8717:The Oxford Companion to Chess
7968:McCrary, John (18 May 2021).
7795:. Vol. 29. p. 298.
7782:Korn, Walter (October 1961).
7673:
6810:Fischer Random Chess Champion
6792:Castling in Capablanca chess
4279:Edward Lasker's notable games
1396:The rook can be under attack.
1339:The king is not currently in
526:, but it commonly appears in
510:Castling originates from the
8252:"Prins vs. Day, Lugano 1968"
6037:Ruy Lopez, Classical Defence
3940:Ed. Lasker vs. Thomas, 1912
455:. It consists of moving the
7:
10197:Bishop and knight checkmate
8206:Lombardy & Daniels 1975
6828:chess on a really big board
3544:
2155:
1759:
10:
10715:
10365:Other world championships
8835:The Encyclopaedia of Chess
7723:Pandolfini, Bruce (1992),
6922:Castling features in some
6918:Castling in chess problems
6082:Castling in chess variants
2566:Tactics involving castling
1776:
1456:Example of castling rights
1410:
532:
22:
15:
10646:
10556:
10459:
10312:
10207:Opposite-coloured bishops
10187:
10133:
9996:
9838:
9778:
9769:
9680:
9548:
9409:
9310:
9146:
9050:
8920:
8912:
8760:; Daniels, David (1975),
8646:Davidson, Henry (1981) ,
8168:"Doesn't Know the Moves!"
7853:, chapter 1, section 10I.
6798:Variants of Western chess
3614:Averbakh vs. Purdy, 1960
2140:Handbuch des Schachspiels
10339:World Chess Championship
9300:World Chess Hall of Fame
8648:A Short History of Chess
7999:, No. 18, 2002, pp.70–71
7892:"Karpov vs. Miles, 1986"
6878:, where the king is not
6859:Brusky's hexagonal chess
4596:Feuer vs. O'Kelly, 1934
4256:Position after 17...Kg1
3935:Edward Lasker vs. Thomas
2893:Brooklyn Chess Chronicle
2550:queenside, it is called
544:
539:to describe chess moves.
487:, and castling with the
10633:Simultaneous exhibition
10543:Chess newspaper columns
10232:Rook and bishop vs rook
10217:Queen and pawn vs queen
8810:Official Rules of Chess
8389:Walker, George (1841).
7826:Timmer, Robert (1997).
7784:"The Rules of Castling"
7761:Hooper & Whyld 1992
7197:0-0 does not work. The
1733:In a 1986 game between
1461:Karpov vs. Miles, 1986
1380:, Viktor Korchnoi, and
10083:Richter–Veresov Attack
10071:Queen's Indian Defence
8671:, Simon and Schuster,
8042:George Huczek (2017).
7625:novelty chess problems
6934:Castling is common in
6901:Chess without castling
3606:
2556:opposite-side castling
2113:Luis Ramírez de Lucena
1766:Portable Game Notation
1728:Position after 22.Nb5
10684:16th century in chess
10349:Candidates Tournament
10237:Rook and pawn vs rook
10202:King and pawn vs king
10153:List of chess gambits
10056:King's Indian Defence
9734:Isolated Queen's Pawn
9258:List of chess players
9200:Top player comparison
8999:Internet chess server
8837:, St. Martins Press,
6022:Position after 4.Kg1
3927:Averbakh's colleague
3587:
3573:Heidenfeld vs. Kerins
3559:1974 Candidates final
1770:ICCF numeric notation
459:two squares toward a
10061:Nimzo-Indian Defence
9957:Scandinavian Defense
9918:Semi-Italian Opening
9823:King's Indian Attack
9712:first-move advantage
9365:Threefold repetition
9290:Bobby Fischer Center
9175:Charlemagne chessmen
9169:Göttingen manuscript
9133:
8974:Correspondence chess
8833:(1970), "castling",
8714:(1992), "castling",
8044:A to Z Chess Tactics
7879:Teach Yourself Chess
7731:Simon & Schuster
7219:Siegfried Hornecker
7198:
6879:
6831:
4956:, Otto Feuer caught
4954:Belgian Championship
4290:Prins vs. Day, 1968
2869:
2531:
2519:
2145:descriptive notation
2109:Göttingen manuscript
2078:
1444:An unmoved king has
1429:
574:
559:
488:
476:
464:
10294:Two knights endgame
10041:Bogo-Indian Defence
9928:Two Knights Defense
9868:Nimzowitsch Defence
9558:Artificial castling
9195:Soviet chess school
9070:Dubrovnik chess set
8856:"Castling in Chess"
7974:US Chess Federation
7828:Startling Castling!
7620:checkmating Black.
6936:retrograde analysis
6930:Retrograde analysis
6863:millennium 3D chess
6062:2. Kxf2 Nxe5 3. Rf1
5298:Artificial castling
5293:Artificial castling
4965:Fischer vs. Najdorf
3579:Wolfgang Heidenfeld
3550:Korchnoi vs. Karpov
1362:Alexander Beliavsky
10524:endgame literature
10066:Old Indian Defense
9976:Accelerated Dragon
9848:Alekhine's Defence
9580:Checkmate patterns
9449:symbols in Unicode
9444:annotation symbols
9207:Geography of chess
9075:Staunton chess set
8814:Cardoza Publishing
8788:A History of Chess
8734:Just, Tim (2019),
8452:The Times of India
8391:"The Chess Player"
8032:, 27 December 2008
6817:Ian Nepomniachtchi
5280:White to play
3609:Averbakh vs. Purdy
1390:Alexander Alekhine
537:algebraic notation
535:This article uses
530:of Western chess.
497:queenside castling
475:Castling with the
18:Castling (surname)
10694:Chess terminology
10671:
10670:
10548:Chess periodicals
10477:Chess in the arts
10409:Chess composition
10247:Philidor position
10183:
10182:
10125:Trompowsky Attack
10108:Semi-Slav Defence
9998:Queen's Pawn Game
9878:Four Knights Game
9853:Caro–Kann Defence
9818:Zukertort Opening
9605:Discovered attack
9325:Cheating in chess
9162:Versus de scachis
8844:978-0-7091-4697-1
8823:978-1-58042-092-1
8798:978-1-62087-062-4
8758:Lombardy, William
8750:978-1-7977-1690-9
8657:978-0-679-14550-9
8351:978-90-5691-473-8
8324:978-1-4406-5185-4
8053:978-1-8499-4446-5
7635:Chess Curiosities
7608:
7607:
7415:Vertical castling
7386:
7385:
7186:
7185:
6912:Viswanathan Anand
6790:
6789:
6032:
6031:
6020:
6019:
5678:
5677:
5278:
5277:
4945:
4944:
4591:Feuer vs. O'Kelly
4555:
4554:
4267:Sir George Thomas
4254:
4253:
3907:
3906:
3516:
3515:
3207:
3206:
2861:
2860:
2552:opposite castling
2507:
2506:
2058:
2057:
1726:
1725:
1326:
1325:
1314:
1313:
1133:
1132:
952:
951:
771:
770:
485:kingside castling
445:
444:
433:
432:
245:
244:
10706:
10658:Chess portal
10656:
10655:
10599:Leela Chess Zero
10530:Oxford Companion
10482:early literature
10472:Chess aesthetics
10212:Pawnless endgame
10163:Bongcloud Attack
10141:List of openings
10113:Chigorin Defense
10051:Grünfeld Defence
9962:Sicilian Defence
9908:Ponziani Opening
9903:Philidor Defence
9898:Petrov's Defence
9840:King's Pawn Game
9813:Larsen's Opening
9776:
9775:
9137:
8907:
8900:
8893:
8884:
8883:
8863:
8860:chesshistory.com
8847:
8826:
8812:(2nd ed.),
8801:
8783:Murray, H. J. R.
8778:
8767:
8753:
8742:
8730:
8703:
8701:
8700:
8681:
8660:
8634:
8626:
8620:
8619:
8612:
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8605:
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8566:
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8546:
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8487:
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8470:
8464:
8463:
8461:
8459:
8444:
8438:
8437:
8435:
8434:
8419:
8413:
8412:
8405:Abrahams, Gerald
8401:
8395:
8394:
8386:
8380:
8379:
8377:
8376:
8362:
8356:
8355:
8344:. New In Chess.
8335:
8329:
8328:
8308:
8302:
8301:
8288:
8282:
8281:
8268:
8262:
8261:
8248:
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8229:
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8215:
8209:
8202:
8196:
8189:
8183:
8161:
8155:
8154:
8141:
8135:
8133:
8126:
8120:
8119:
8117:
8116:
8103:(16 July 1995).
8097:
8091:
8090:
8077:
8071:
8068:Open chess diary
8064:
8058:
8057:
8039:
8033:
8026:
8020:
8019:
8006:
8000:
7991:
7985:
7984:
7982:
7980:
7965:
7959:
7952:
7946:
7940:
7934:
7927:
7921:
7914:
7908:
7907:
7905:
7904:
7888:
7882:
7875:William Hartston
7872:
7866:
7860:
7854:
7848:
7842:
7841:
7823:
7814:
7813:
7808:
7807:
7801:
7788:
7779:
7773:
7770:
7764:
7757:
7751:
7750:
7749:
7747:
7720:
7714:
7711:
7705:
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7700:
7686:
7513:
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7506:
7505:
7499:
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7485:
7484:
7478:
7477:
7471:
7470:
7465:
7464:
7424:
7291:
7290:
7284:
7283:
7277:
7276:
7270:
7269:
7264:
7263:
7223:
7214:Novelty problems
7202:
7091:
7090:
7084:
7083:
7077:
7076:
7070:
7069:
7063:
7062:
7056:
7055:
7049:
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7028:
7027:
7021:
7020:
7014:
7013:
7007:
7006:
7000:
6999:
6994:
6993:
6953:
6949:Armand Lapierre
6907:Vladimir Kramnik
6883:
6851:triangular chess
6840:Wildebeest chess
6835:
6824:Capablanca chess
6745:
6738:
6731:
6724:
6717:
6710:
6703:
6696:
6689:
6682:
6667:
6660:
6653:
6646:
6639:
6632:
6625:
6618:
6611:
6604:
6589:
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6575:
6568:
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6299:
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6221:
6214:
6199:
6192:
6185:
6178:
6171:
6164:
6157:
6150:
6143:
6136:
6088:
6074:(second diagram)
5925:
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5387:
5386:
5380:
5379:
5373:
5372:
5366:
5365:
5360:
5359:
5319:
5313:
5302:castling by hand
5300:, also known as
5183:
5182:
5176:
5175:
5169:
5168:
5162:
5161:
5155:
5154:
5148:
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4012:
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4005:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3984:
3944:
3929:Vladimir Bagirov
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2972:
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2965:
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2887:Chess historian
2873:
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2250:
2244:
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2230:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2202:
2162:
2082:
2075:played in Europe
1963:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1914:
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1907:
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1851:
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1837:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1823:
1783:
1631:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1505:
1465:
1433:
1407:Tournament rules
1219:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1144:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1003:
963:
857:
856:
850:
849:
843:
842:
836:
835:
829:
828:
823:
822:
782:
676:
675:
669:
668:
662:
661:
655:
654:
648:
647:
642:
641:
601:
595:
578:
563:
492:
480:
468:
338:
337:
331:
330:
324:
323:
317:
316:
310:
309:
303:
302:
297:
296:
256:
150:
149:
143:
142:
136:
135:
129:
128:
122:
121:
115:
114:
108:
107:
101:
100:
94:
93:
87:
86:
81:
80:
40:
34:
10714:
10713:
10709:
10708:
10707:
10705:
10704:
10703:
10674:
10673:
10672:
10667:
10650:
10642:
10552:
10538:Chess libraries
10455:
10359:FIDE Grand Prix
10354:Chess World Cup
10308:
10304:Wrong rook pawn
10242:Lucena position
10179:
10129:
10046:Catalan Opening
10021:English Defence
10006:Budapest Gambit
9992:
9950:Austrian Attack
9834:
9803:English Opening
9765:
9761:School of chess
9744:Minority attack
9676:
9645:Queen sacrifice
9544:
9405:
9401:White and Black
9396:Touch-move rule
9355:Perpetual check
9350:Fifty-move rule
9306:
9142:
9139:
9046:
8916:
8911:
8870:
8845:
8824:
8799:
8776:
8751:
8740:
8728:
8698:
8696:
8679:
8669:Chess Catechism
8658:
8637:
8627:
8623:
8614:
8613:
8609:
8600:
8599:
8595:
8585:
8583:
8575:
8574:
8570:
8560:
8558:
8547:
8543:
8533:
8531:
8523:
8522:
8518:
8508:
8506:
8498:
8497:
8493:
8483:
8481:
8471:
8467:
8457:
8455:
8446:
8445:
8441:
8432:
8430:
8420:
8416:
8402:
8398:
8387:
8383:
8374:
8372:
8364:
8363:
8359:
8352:
8336:
8332:
8325:
8309:
8305:
8290:
8289:
8285:
8270:
8269:
8265:
8250:
8249:
8245:
8237:Edward Lasker,
8236:
8232:
8217:
8216:
8212:
8203:
8199:
8190:
8186:
8162:
8158:
8143:
8142:
8138:
8130:"Chess Records"
8128:
8127:
8123:
8114:
8112:
8098:
8094:
8079:
8078:
8074:
8065:
8061:
8054:
8040:
8036:
8028:Edward Winter,
8027:
8023:
8008:
8007:
8003:
7992:
7988:
7978:
7976:
7966:
7962:
7953:
7949:
7944:H. J. R. Murray
7941:
7937:
7928:
7924:
7915:
7911:
7902:
7900:
7890:
7889:
7885:
7873:
7869:
7861:
7857:
7849:
7845:
7838:
7824:
7817:
7805:
7803:
7799:
7786:
7780:
7776:
7771:
7767:
7758:
7754:
7745:
7743:
7741:
7721:
7717:
7712:
7708:
7698:
7696:
7688:
7687:
7680:
7676:
7652:
7613:
7612:
7611:
7515:
7514:
7507:
7500:
7493:
7486:
7479:
7472:
7462:
7421:
7417:
7391:
7390:
7389:
7293:
7292:
7285:
7278:
7271:
7261:
7220:
7216:
7204:
7191:
7190:
7189:
7093:
7092:
7085:
7078:
7071:
7064:
7057:
7050:
7043:
7036:
7029:
7022:
7015:
7008:
7001:
6991:
6950:
6932:
6920:
6903:
6885:
6837:
6795:
6794:
6793:
6084:
6072:3... Ne7 4. Kg1
6033:
6025:
6024:
6023:
5927:
5926:
5919:
5912:
5905:
5898:
5891:
5884:
5877:
5870:
5863:
5856:
5849:
5842:
5835:
5828:
5821:
5814:
5807:
5800:
5793:
5786:
5779:
5772:
5765:
5758:
5751:
5744:
5737:
5727:
5683:
5682:
5681:
5585:
5584:
5577:
5570:
5563:
5556:
5549:
5542:
5535:
5528:
5521:
5514:
5507:
5500:
5493:
5486:
5479:
5472:
5465:
5458:
5451:
5444:
5437:
5430:
5423:
5416:
5409:
5402:
5395:
5388:
5381:
5374:
5367:
5357:
5310:
5295:
5283:
5282:
5281:
5185:
5184:
5177:
5170:
5163:
5156:
5149:
5142:
5135:
5128:
5121:
5114:
5107:
5100:
5093:
5086:
5079:
5072:
5065:
5058:
5051:
5044:
5037:
5030:
5020:
4979:
4974:
4967:
4958:Albéric O'Kelly
4950:
4949:
4948:
4852:
4851:
4844:
4837:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4809:
4802:
4795:
4788:
4781:
4774:
4767:
4760:
4753:
4746:
4739:
4732:
4725:
4718:
4711:
4704:
4697:
4690:
4683:
4676:
4669:
4662:
4655:
4648:
4638:
4597:
4593:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4462:
4461:
4454:
4447:
4440:
4433:
4426:
4419:
4412:
4405:
4398:
4391:
4384:
4377:
4370:
4363:
4356:
4349:
4342:
4332:
4291:
4287:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4161:
4160:
4153:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4034:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3982:
3941:
3937:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3814:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3656:
3615:
3611:
3575:
3555:Viktor Korchnoi
3552:
3547:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3423:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3265:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3114:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2942:
2875:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2768:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2610:
2568:
2560:Yugoslav Attack
2537:
2525:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2414:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2200:
2158:
2153:
2135:Aaron Alexandre
2131:Johann Allgaier
2084:
2063:
2062:
2061:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1821:
1779:
1762:
1754:agree to a draw
1731:
1730:
1729:
1633:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1503:
1462:
1458:
1446:castling rights
1442:
1440:Castling rights
1435:
1419:
1417:Touch-move rule
1409:
1386:Yasser Seirawan
1366:Viktor Korchnoi
1327:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1221:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1192:
1182:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1040:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1018:
1011:
1001:
957:
956:
955:
859:
858:
851:
844:
837:
830:
820:
776:
775:
774:
678:
677:
670:
663:
656:
649:
639:
592:
580:
565:
552:
547:
542:
541:
540:
494:
482:
470:
446:
438:
437:
436:
340:
339:
332:
325:
318:
311:
304:
294:
250:
249:
248:
152:
151:
144:
137:
130:
123:
116:
109:
102:
95:
88:
78:
31:
28:
21:
12:
11:
5:
10712:
10702:
10701:
10699:Rules of chess
10696:
10691:
10686:
10669:
10668:
10666:
10665:
10660:
10647:
10644:
10643:
10641:
10640:
10635:
10630:
10625:
10624:
10623:
10618:
10608:
10607:
10606:
10601:
10596:
10591:
10581:
10579:Chess composer
10576:
10571:
10566:
10560:
10558:
10554:
10553:
10551:
10550:
10545:
10540:
10535:
10534:
10533:
10526:
10521:
10511:
10510:
10509:
10504:
10499:
10494:
10489:
10484:
10474:
10469:
10463:
10461:
10457:
10456:
10454:
10453:
10452:
10451:
10446:
10441:
10436:
10434:North American
10431:
10426:
10418:
10417:
10416:
10411:
10406:
10401:
10396:
10391:
10386:
10381:
10376:
10371:
10363:
10362:
10361:
10356:
10351:
10346:
10336:
10335:
10334:
10327:Chess Olympiad
10324:
10318:
10316:
10310:
10309:
10307:
10306:
10301:
10296:
10291:
10286:
10281:
10280:
10279:
10274:
10269:
10264:
10259:
10251:
10250:
10249:
10244:
10234:
10229:
10224:
10219:
10214:
10209:
10204:
10199:
10193:
10191:
10185:
10184:
10181:
10180:
10178:
10177:
10176:
10175:
10173:Scholar's mate
10170:
10165:
10155:
10150:
10149:
10148:
10137:
10135:
10131:
10130:
10128:
10127:
10122:
10117:
10116:
10115:
10110:
10105:
10100:
10095:
10088:Queen's Gambit
10085:
10080:
10075:
10074:
10073:
10068:
10063:
10058:
10053:
10048:
10043:
10038:
10033:
10031:Benoni Defence
10026:Indian Defence
10023:
10018:
10013:
10008:
10002:
10000:
9994:
9993:
9991:
9990:
9989:
9988:
9983:
9978:
9969:
9959:
9954:
9953:
9952:
9942:
9940:Owen's Defence
9937:
9936:
9935:
9930:
9925:
9920:
9915:
9910:
9905:
9900:
9895:
9890:
9885:
9880:
9870:
9865:
9863:Modern Defence
9860:
9858:French Defence
9855:
9850:
9844:
9842:
9836:
9835:
9833:
9832:
9831:
9830:
9825:
9815:
9810:
9805:
9800:
9795:
9793:Bird's Opening
9790:
9784:
9782:
9773:
9767:
9766:
9764:
9763:
9758:
9753:
9748:
9747:
9746:
9741:
9736:
9731:
9724:Pawn structure
9721:
9716:
9715:
9714:
9704:
9703:
9702:
9692:
9686:
9684:
9678:
9677:
9675:
9674:
9669:
9664:
9659:
9654:
9649:
9648:
9647:
9637:
9632:
9627:
9622:
9617:
9612:
9607:
9602:
9597:
9592:
9587:
9582:
9577:
9572:
9571:
9570:
9568:Alekhine's gun
9560:
9554:
9552:
9546:
9545:
9543:
9542:
9537:
9532:
9527:
9522:
9521:
9520:
9515:
9510:
9505:
9500:
9490:
9485:
9484:
9483:
9481:Half-open file
9473:
9468:
9463:
9458:
9453:
9452:
9451:
9446:
9441:
9436:
9431:
9424:Chess notation
9421:
9415:
9413:
9407:
9406:
9404:
9403:
9398:
9393:
9392:
9391:
9381:
9379:Pawn promotion
9376:
9369:
9368:
9367:
9362:
9357:
9352:
9347:
9337:
9332:
9327:
9322:
9316:
9314:
9308:
9307:
9305:
9304:
9303:
9302:
9297:
9292:
9282:
9280:Women in chess
9277:
9276:
9275:
9270:
9265:
9255:
9250:
9249:
9248:
9243:
9242:
9241:
9236:
9226:
9221:
9220:
9219:
9204:
9203:
9202:
9197:
9192:
9190:Hypermodernism
9187:
9185:Romantic chess
9182:
9180:Lewis chessmen
9177:
9172:
9165:
9152:
9150:
9144:
9143:
9141:
9140:
9131:
9126:
9121:
9120:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9079:
9078:
9077:
9072:
9067:
9056:
9054:
9048:
9047:
9045:
9044:
9039:
9038:
9037:
9027:
9026:
9025:
9020:
9018:world rankings
9010:
9009:
9008:
9007:
9006:
8996:
8986:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8970:
8969:
8964:
8959:
8954:
8947:Computer chess
8944:
8943:
8942:
8932:
8926:
8924:
8918:
8917:
8910:
8909:
8902:
8895:
8887:
8881:
8880:
8878:Chessgames.com
8869:
8868:External links
8866:
8865:
8864:
8852:Winter, Edward
8848:
8843:
8831:Sunnucks, Anne
8827:
8822:
8806:Schiller, Eric
8802:
8797:
8779:
8774:
8764:Chess Panorama
8754:
8749:
8731:
8726:
8712:Whyld, Kenneth
8704:
8682:
8677:
8661:
8656:
8636:
8635:
8621:
8607:
8593:
8568:
8541:
8516:
8491:
8465:
8454:. 18 July 2021
8439:
8414:
8396:
8381:
8357:
8350:
8330:
8323:
8303:
8297:Chessgames.com
8283:
8277:Chessgames.com
8263:
8257:Chessgames.com
8243:
8230:
8224:Chessgames.com
8210:
8197:
8184:
8156:
8150:Chessgames.com
8136:
8121:
8092:
8086:Chessgames.com
8072:
8059:
8052:
8034:
8021:
8015:Chessgames.com
8001:
7986:
7960:
7947:
7935:
7922:
7909:
7897:Chessgames.com
7883:
7867:
7855:
7843:
7836:
7815:
7774:
7765:
7752:
7739:
7715:
7706:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7651:
7648:
7609:
7606:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7597:
7594:
7591:
7588:
7585:
7582:
7579:
7576:
7575:
7572:
7568:
7567:
7564:
7560:
7559:
7556:
7552:
7551:
7548:
7544:
7543:
7540:
7536:
7535:
7532:
7528:
7527:
7524:
7520:
7519:
7516:
7508:
7501:
7494:
7487:
7480:
7473:
7466:
7460:
7458:
7454:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7445:
7442:
7439:
7436:
7433:
7430:
7427:
7422:
7419:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7406:
7405:
7387:
7384:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7375:
7372:
7369:
7366:
7363:
7360:
7357:
7354:
7353:
7350:
7346:
7345:
7342:
7338:
7337:
7334:
7330:
7329:
7326:
7322:
7321:
7318:
7314:
7313:
7310:
7306:
7305:
7302:
7298:
7297:
7294:
7286:
7279:
7272:
7265:
7259:
7257:
7253:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7244:
7241:
7238:
7235:
7232:
7229:
7226:
7221:
7218:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7187:
7184:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7175:
7172:
7169:
7166:
7163:
7160:
7157:
7154:
7153:
7150:
7146:
7145:
7142:
7138:
7137:
7134:
7130:
7129:
7126:
7122:
7121:
7118:
7114:
7113:
7110:
7106:
7105:
7102:
7098:
7097:
7094:
7086:
7079:
7072:
7065:
7058:
7051:
7044:
7037:
7030:
7023:
7016:
7009:
7002:
6995:
6989:
6987:
6983:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6974:
6971:
6968:
6965:
6962:
6959:
6956:
6951:
6948:
6947:
6931:
6928:
6924:chess problems
6919:
6916:
6902:
6899:
6791:
6788:
6787:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6777:
6774:
6771:
6768:
6765:
6762:
6759:
6756:
6753:
6750:
6749:
6746:
6739:
6732:
6725:
6718:
6711:
6704:
6697:
6690:
6683:
6676:
6672:
6671:
6668:
6661:
6654:
6647:
6640:
6633:
6626:
6619:
6612:
6605:
6598:
6594:
6593:
6590:
6583:
6576:
6569:
6562:
6555:
6548:
6541:
6534:
6527:
6520:
6516:
6515:
6512:
6505:
6498:
6491:
6484:
6477:
6470:
6463:
6456:
6449:
6442:
6438:
6437:
6434:
6427:
6420:
6413:
6406:
6399:
6392:
6385:
6378:
6371:
6364:
6360:
6359:
6356:
6349:
6342:
6335:
6328:
6321:
6314:
6307:
6300:
6293:
6286:
6282:
6281:
6278:
6271:
6264:
6257:
6250:
6243:
6236:
6229:
6222:
6215:
6208:
6204:
6203:
6200:
6193:
6186:
6179:
6172:
6165:
6158:
6151:
6144:
6137:
6130:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6115:
6112:
6109:
6106:
6103:
6100:
6097:
6094:
6091:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6076:
6075:
6065:
6064:
6050:
6049:
6030:
6029:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6009:
6006:
6003:
6000:
5997:
5994:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5984:
5980:
5979:
5976:
5972:
5971:
5968:
5964:
5963:
5960:
5956:
5955:
5952:
5948:
5947:
5944:
5940:
5939:
5936:
5932:
5931:
5928:
5920:
5913:
5906:
5899:
5892:
5885:
5878:
5871:
5864:
5857:
5850:
5843:
5836:
5829:
5822:
5815:
5808:
5801:
5794:
5787:
5780:
5773:
5766:
5759:
5752:
5745:
5738:
5731:
5725:
5723:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5710:
5707:
5704:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5692:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5680:White to play
5679:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5667:
5664:
5661:
5658:
5655:
5652:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5642:
5638:
5637:
5634:
5630:
5629:
5626:
5622:
5621:
5618:
5614:
5613:
5610:
5606:
5605:
5602:
5598:
5597:
5594:
5590:
5589:
5586:
5578:
5571:
5564:
5557:
5550:
5543:
5536:
5529:
5522:
5515:
5508:
5501:
5494:
5487:
5480:
5473:
5466:
5459:
5452:
5445:
5438:
5431:
5424:
5417:
5410:
5403:
5396:
5389:
5382:
5375:
5368:
5361:
5355:
5353:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5340:
5337:
5334:
5331:
5328:
5325:
5322:
5317:
5316:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5294:
5291:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5267:
5264:
5261:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5242:
5238:
5237:
5234:
5230:
5229:
5226:
5222:
5221:
5218:
5214:
5213:
5210:
5206:
5205:
5202:
5198:
5197:
5194:
5190:
5189:
5186:
5178:
5171:
5164:
5157:
5150:
5143:
5136:
5129:
5122:
5115:
5108:
5101:
5094:
5087:
5080:
5073:
5066:
5059:
5052:
5045:
5038:
5031:
5024:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4994:
4991:
4988:
4985:
4980:
4976:Varna Olympiad
4969:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4946:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4934:
4931:
4928:
4925:
4922:
4919:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4909:
4905:
4904:
4901:
4897:
4896:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4885:
4881:
4880:
4877:
4873:
4872:
4869:
4865:
4864:
4861:
4857:
4856:
4853:
4845:
4838:
4831:
4824:
4817:
4810:
4803:
4796:
4789:
4782:
4775:
4768:
4761:
4754:
4747:
4740:
4733:
4726:
4719:
4712:
4705:
4698:
4691:
4684:
4677:
4670:
4663:
4656:
4649:
4642:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4609:
4606:
4603:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4581:
4580:
4564:Lodewijk Prins
4557:White to play
4556:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4544:
4541:
4538:
4535:
4532:
4529:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4511:
4507:
4506:
4503:
4499:
4498:
4495:
4491:
4490:
4487:
4483:
4482:
4479:
4475:
4474:
4471:
4467:
4466:
4463:
4455:
4448:
4441:
4434:
4427:
4420:
4413:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4371:
4364:
4357:
4350:
4343:
4336:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4228:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4218:
4214:
4213:
4210:
4206:
4205:
4202:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4190:
4189:
4186:
4182:
4181:
4178:
4174:
4173:
4170:
4166:
4165:
4162:
4154:
4147:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4056:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4021:
4014:
4007:
4000:
3993:
3986:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3855:
3851:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3839:
3835:
3834:
3831:
3827:
3826:
3823:
3819:
3818:
3815:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3660:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3574:
3571:
3563:Anatoly Karpov
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3535:back rank mate
3518:Black to play
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3448:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3225:
3224:
3216:correspondence
3209:White to play
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3163:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2863:Black to play
2862:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2761:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1825:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1761:
1758:
1749:
1748:
1735:Anatoly Karpov
1727:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1441:
1438:
1413:Rules of chess
1408:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1357:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1337:
1334:
1324:
1323:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1005:
999:
997:
993:
992:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
961:
960:
958:
953:
950:
949:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
919:
916:
912:
911:
908:
904:
903:
900:
896:
895:
892:
888:
887:
884:
880:
879:
876:
872:
871:
868:
864:
863:
860:
852:
845:
838:
831:
824:
818:
816:
812:
811:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
780:
779:
777:
772:
769:
768:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
738:
735:
731:
730:
727:
723:
722:
719:
715:
714:
711:
707:
706:
703:
699:
698:
695:
691:
690:
687:
683:
682:
679:
671:
664:
657:
650:
643:
637:
635:
631:
630:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
599:
598:
593:
591:
588:
587:
586:
571:
568:short castling
551:
548:
546:
543:
534:
533:
443:
442:
434:
431:
430:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
400:
397:
393:
392:
389:
385:
384:
381:
377:
376:
373:
369:
368:
365:
361:
360:
357:
353:
352:
349:
345:
344:
341:
333:
326:
319:
312:
305:
298:
292:
290:
286:
285:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
265:
262:
259:
254:
253:
251:
246:
243:
242:
240:
237:
234:
231:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
212:
209:
205:
204:
201:
197:
196:
193:
189:
188:
185:
181:
180:
177:
173:
172:
169:
165:
164:
161:
157:
156:
153:
145:
138:
131:
124:
117:
110:
103:
96:
89:
82:
76:
74:
70:
69:
67:
64:
61:
58:
55:
52:
49:
46:
43:
38:
37:
32:
29:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10711:
10700:
10697:
10695:
10692:
10690:
10689:Chess tactics
10687:
10685:
10682:
10681:
10679:
10664:
10661:
10659:
10654:
10649:
10648:
10645:
10639:
10638:Solving chess
10636:
10634:
10631:
10629:
10628:Chess prodigy
10626:
10622:
10619:
10617:
10614:
10613:
10612:
10611:Chess problem
10609:
10605:
10602:
10600:
10597:
10595:
10592:
10590:
10587:
10586:
10585:
10582:
10580:
10577:
10575:
10572:
10570:
10567:
10565:
10562:
10561:
10559:
10555:
10549:
10546:
10544:
10541:
10539:
10536:
10532:
10531:
10527:
10525:
10522:
10520:
10519:opening books
10517:
10516:
10515:
10512:
10508:
10507:short stories
10505:
10503:
10500:
10498:
10495:
10493:
10490:
10488:
10485:
10483:
10480:
10479:
10478:
10475:
10473:
10470:
10468:
10465:
10464:
10462:
10460:Art and media
10458:
10450:
10447:
10445:
10442:
10440:
10437:
10435:
10432:
10430:
10427:
10425:
10422:
10421:
10419:
10415:
10412:
10410:
10407:
10405:
10402:
10400:
10397:
10395:
10392:
10390:
10387:
10385:
10382:
10380:
10377:
10375:
10372:
10370:
10367:
10366:
10364:
10360:
10357:
10355:
10352:
10350:
10347:
10345:
10342:
10341:
10340:
10337:
10333:
10330:
10329:
10328:
10325:
10323:
10320:
10319:
10317:
10315:
10311:
10305:
10302:
10300:
10297:
10295:
10292:
10290:
10287:
10285:
10282:
10278:
10275:
10273:
10272:triangulation
10270:
10268:
10267:Tarrasch rule
10265:
10263:
10260:
10258:
10255:
10254:
10252:
10248:
10245:
10243:
10240:
10239:
10238:
10235:
10233:
10230:
10228:
10227:Queen vs rook
10225:
10223:
10222:Queen vs pawn
10220:
10218:
10215:
10213:
10210:
10208:
10205:
10203:
10200:
10198:
10195:
10194:
10192:
10190:
10186:
10174:
10171:
10169:
10166:
10164:
10161:
10160:
10159:
10156:
10154:
10151:
10147:
10144:
10143:
10142:
10139:
10138:
10136:
10132:
10126:
10123:
10121:
10118:
10114:
10111:
10109:
10106:
10104:
10101:
10099:
10096:
10094:
10091:
10090:
10089:
10086:
10084:
10081:
10079:
10078:London System
10076:
10072:
10069:
10067:
10064:
10062:
10059:
10057:
10054:
10052:
10049:
10047:
10044:
10042:
10039:
10037:
10036:Modern Benoni
10034:
10032:
10029:
10028:
10027:
10024:
10022:
10019:
10017:
10016:Dutch Defence
10014:
10012:
10009:
10007:
10004:
10003:
10001:
9999:
9995:
9987:
9984:
9982:
9979:
9977:
9973:
9970:
9968:
9965:
9964:
9963:
9960:
9958:
9955:
9951:
9948:
9947:
9946:
9943:
9941:
9938:
9934:
9931:
9929:
9926:
9924:
9921:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9909:
9906:
9904:
9901:
9899:
9896:
9894:
9893:King's Gambit
9891:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9876:
9875:
9874:
9871:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
9859:
9856:
9854:
9851:
9849:
9846:
9845:
9843:
9841:
9837:
9829:
9826:
9824:
9821:
9820:
9819:
9816:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9808:Grob's Attack
9806:
9804:
9801:
9799:
9798:Dunst Opening
9796:
9794:
9791:
9789:
9788:Benko Opening
9786:
9785:
9783:
9781:
9780:Flank opening
9777:
9774:
9772:
9768:
9762:
9759:
9757:
9754:
9752:
9749:
9745:
9742:
9740:
9737:
9735:
9732:
9730:
9727:
9726:
9725:
9722:
9720:
9717:
9713:
9710:
9709:
9708:
9705:
9701:
9698:
9697:
9696:
9693:
9691:
9688:
9687:
9685:
9683:
9679:
9673:
9670:
9668:
9665:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9655:
9653:
9650:
9646:
9643:
9642:
9641:
9638:
9636:
9633:
9631:
9628:
9626:
9623:
9621:
9618:
9616:
9613:
9611:
9608:
9606:
9603:
9601:
9598:
9596:
9593:
9591:
9588:
9586:
9583:
9581:
9578:
9576:
9573:
9569:
9566:
9565:
9564:
9561:
9559:
9556:
9555:
9553:
9551:
9547:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9535:Transposition
9533:
9531:
9528:
9526:
9523:
9519:
9516:
9514:
9511:
9509:
9506:
9504:
9501:
9499:
9496:
9495:
9494:
9491:
9489:
9486:
9482:
9479:
9478:
9477:
9474:
9472:
9469:
9467:
9464:
9462:
9459:
9457:
9454:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9440:
9437:
9435:
9432:
9430:
9427:
9426:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9416:
9414:
9412:
9408:
9402:
9399:
9397:
9394:
9390:
9387:
9386:
9385:
9382:
9380:
9377:
9375:
9374:
9370:
9366:
9363:
9361:
9358:
9356:
9353:
9351:
9348:
9346:
9343:
9342:
9341:
9338:
9336:
9333:
9331:
9328:
9326:
9323:
9321:
9318:
9317:
9315:
9313:
9309:
9301:
9298:
9296:
9293:
9291:
9288:
9287:
9286:
9285:Chess museums
9283:
9281:
9278:
9274:
9271:
9269:
9266:
9264:
9261:
9260:
9259:
9256:
9254:
9253:Notable games
9251:
9247:
9244:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9231:
9230:
9227:
9225:
9222:
9218:
9215:
9214:
9213:
9210:
9209:
9208:
9205:
9201:
9198:
9196:
9193:
9191:
9188:
9186:
9183:
9181:
9178:
9176:
9173:
9171:
9170:
9166:
9164:
9163:
9159:
9158:
9157:
9154:
9153:
9151:
9149:
9145:
9138:
9132:
9130:
9127:
9125:
9122:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9110:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9084:
9083:
9080:
9076:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9062:
9061:
9058:
9057:
9055:
9053:
9049:
9043:
9042:World records
9040:
9036:
9033:
9032:
9031:
9028:
9024:
9021:
9019:
9016:
9015:
9014:
9013:Rating system
9011:
9005:
9002:
9001:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8991:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8968:
8965:
8963:
8960:
8958:
8955:
8953:
8950:
8949:
8948:
8945:
8941:
8938:
8937:
8936:
8933:
8931:
8928:
8927:
8925:
8923:
8919:
8915:
8908:
8903:
8901:
8896:
8894:
8889:
8888:
8885:
8879:
8875:
8872:
8871:
8861:
8857:
8853:
8849:
8846:
8840:
8836:
8832:
8828:
8825:
8819:
8815:
8811:
8807:
8803:
8800:
8794:
8790:
8789:
8784:
8780:
8777:
8775:0-8019-6078-9
8771:
8766:
8765:
8759:
8755:
8752:
8746:
8739:
8738:
8732:
8729:
8727:0-19-280049-3
8723:
8719:
8718:
8713:
8709:
8708:Hooper, David
8705:
8695:
8691:
8687:
8683:
8680:
8678:0-671-20491-2
8674:
8670:
8666:
8662:
8659:
8653:
8649:
8644:
8643:
8642:
8641:
8632:
8631:
8625:
8617:
8611:
8603:
8597:
8582:
8578:
8572:
8556:
8552:
8545:
8530:
8526:
8520:
8505:
8501:
8495:
8480:
8476:
8469:
8453:
8449:
8443:
8429:
8425:
8418:
8410:
8406:
8400:
8393:. p. 74.
8392:
8385:
8371:
8367:
8361:
8353:
8347:
8343:
8342:
8334:
8326:
8320:
8316:
8315:
8307:
8299:
8298:
8293:
8287:
8279:
8278:
8273:
8267:
8259:
8258:
8253:
8247:
8240:
8234:
8226:
8225:
8220:
8214:
8207:
8201:
8194:
8188:
8181:
8177:
8176:Edward Winter
8173:
8169:
8165:
8160:
8152:
8151:
8146:
8140:
8132:. Tim Krabbé.
8131:
8125:
8111:on 2015-10-15
8110:
8106:
8102:
8096:
8088:
8087:
8082:
8076:
8069:
8063:
8055:
8049:
8045:
8038:
8031:
8025:
8017:
8016:
8011:
8005:
7998:
7997:
7990:
7975:
7971:
7964:
7957:
7956:Sunnucks 1970
7951:
7945:
7939:
7932:
7931:Davidson 1981
7926:
7919:
7918:Davidson 1981
7913:
7899:
7898:
7893:
7887:
7880:
7876:
7871:
7864:
7859:
7852:
7847:
7839:
7833:
7829:
7822:
7820:
7812:
7798:
7794:
7793:
7785:
7778:
7769:
7762:
7756:
7742:
7740:9780671701864
7736:
7732:
7728:
7727:
7719:
7710:
7695:
7691:
7685:
7683:
7678:
7671:
7669:
7665:
7661:
7657:
7647:
7645:
7640:
7636:
7633:'s 1985 book
7632:
7628:
7626:
7621:
7618:
7604:
7601:
7598:
7595:
7592:
7589:
7586:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7577:
7573:
7570:
7569:
7565:
7562:
7561:
7557:
7554:
7553:
7549:
7546:
7545:
7541:
7538:
7537:
7533:
7530:
7529:
7525:
7522:
7521:
7517:
7456:
7455:
7452:
7449:
7446:
7443:
7440:
7437:
7434:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7425:
7420:C. Staugaard
7412:
7409:
7404:
7401:
7400:
7399:
7395:
7382:
7379:
7376:
7373:
7370:
7367:
7364:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7355:
7351:
7348:
7347:
7343:
7340:
7339:
7335:
7332:
7331:
7327:
7324:
7323:
7319:
7316:
7315:
7311:
7308:
7307:
7303:
7300:
7299:
7295:
7255:
7254:
7251:
7248:
7245:
7242:
7239:
7236:
7233:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7224:
7211:
7208:
7203:
7196:
7182:
7179:
7176:
7173:
7170:
7167:
7164:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7155:
7151:
7148:
7147:
7143:
7140:
7139:
7135:
7132:
7131:
7127:
7124:
7123:
7119:
7116:
7115:
7111:
7108:
7107:
7103:
7100:
7099:
7095:
6985:
6984:
6981:
6978:
6975:
6972:
6969:
6966:
6963:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6954:
6946:
6944:
6943:
6937:
6927:
6925:
6915:
6913:
6908:
6898:
6896:
6891:
6889:
6884:
6877:
6872:
6870:
6869:
6864:
6860:
6856:
6852:
6848:
6847:masonic chess
6843:
6841:
6836:
6829:
6825:
6820:
6818:
6814:
6811:
6807:
6801:
6799:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6778:
6775:
6772:
6769:
6766:
6763:
6760:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6751:
6747:
6744:
6740:
6737:
6733:
6730:
6726:
6723:
6719:
6716:
6712:
6709:
6705:
6702:
6698:
6695:
6691:
6688:
6684:
6681:
6677:
6674:
6673:
6669:
6666:
6662:
6659:
6655:
6652:
6648:
6645:
6641:
6638:
6634:
6631:
6627:
6624:
6620:
6617:
6613:
6610:
6606:
6603:
6599:
6596:
6595:
6591:
6588:
6584:
6581:
6577:
6574:
6570:
6567:
6563:
6560:
6556:
6553:
6549:
6546:
6542:
6539:
6535:
6532:
6528:
6525:
6521:
6518:
6517:
6513:
6510:
6506:
6503:
6499:
6496:
6492:
6489:
6485:
6482:
6478:
6475:
6471:
6468:
6464:
6461:
6457:
6454:
6450:
6447:
6443:
6440:
6439:
6435:
6432:
6428:
6425:
6421:
6418:
6414:
6411:
6407:
6404:
6400:
6397:
6393:
6390:
6386:
6383:
6379:
6376:
6372:
6369:
6365:
6362:
6361:
6357:
6354:
6350:
6347:
6343:
6340:
6336:
6333:
6329:
6326:
6322:
6319:
6315:
6312:
6308:
6305:
6301:
6298:
6294:
6291:
6287:
6284:
6283:
6279:
6276:
6272:
6269:
6265:
6262:
6258:
6255:
6251:
6248:
6244:
6241:
6237:
6234:
6230:
6227:
6223:
6220:
6216:
6213:
6209:
6206:
6205:
6201:
6198:
6194:
6191:
6187:
6184:
6180:
6177:
6173:
6170:
6166:
6163:
6159:
6156:
6152:
6149:
6145:
6142:
6138:
6135:
6131:
6128:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6116:
6113:
6110:
6107:
6104:
6101:
6098:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6089:
6079:
6073:
6070:
6069:
6068:
6063:
6060:
6059:
6058:
6055:
6048:
6047:
6044:1. Nxe5 Bxf2+
6042:
6041:
6040:
6038:
6028:
6016:
6013:
6010:
6007:
6004:
6001:
5998:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5985:
5982:
5981:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5961:
5958:
5957:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5937:
5934:
5933:
5929:
5721:
5720:
5717:
5714:
5711:
5708:
5705:
5702:
5699:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5690:
5685:
5674:
5671:
5668:
5665:
5662:
5659:
5656:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5647:
5643:
5640:
5639:
5635:
5632:
5631:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5611:
5608:
5607:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5587:
5351:
5350:
5347:
5344:
5341:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5329:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5320:
5315:
5314:
5305:
5303:
5299:
5290:
5288:
5274:
5271:
5268:
5265:
5262:
5259:
5256:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5247:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5211:
5208:
5207:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5195:
5192:
5191:
5187:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5007:
5004:
5001:
4998:
4995:
4992:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4977:
4973:
4962:
4959:
4955:
4941:
4938:
4935:
4932:
4929:
4926:
4923:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4854:
4632:
4631:
4628:
4625:
4622:
4619:
4616:
4613:
4610:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4588:
4586:
4579:
4578:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4551:
4548:
4545:
4542:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4464:
4326:
4325:
4322:
4319:
4316:
4313:
4310:
4307:
4304:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4285:Prins vs. Day
4282:
4280:
4276:
4273:with 18.0-0-0
4272:
4268:
4264:
4263:Edward Lasker
4250:
4247:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4195:
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3916:Yuri Averbakh
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2889:Edward Winter
2885:
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2872:double attack
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2132:
2127:
2125:
2124:free castling
2119:
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2020:
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2015:
2012:
2011:
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1991:
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1983:
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1967:
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1434:
1432:informal play
1426:
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1401:
1398:
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1394:
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1387:
1383:
1379:
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1370:Yuri Averbakh
1367:
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813:
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633:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
603:
602:
597:
596:
584:
583:long castling
579:
572:
569:
564:
557:
556:
555:
538:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
493:
486:
481:
473:
469:
462:
458:
454:
451:is a move in
450:
441:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
403:
402:
398:
395:
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379:
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371:
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288:
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220:
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186:
183:
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178:
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162:
159:
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72:
71:
68:
65:
62:
59:
56:
53:
50:
47:
44:
42:
41:
36:
35:
26:
19:
10584:Chess engine
10569:Chess boxing
10529:
10299:Wrong bishop
10146:theory table
10120:Torre Attack
10103:Slav Defence
10011:Colle System
9986:Scheveningen
9945:Pirc Defence
9888:Italian Game
9883:Giuoco Piano
9828:Réti Opening
9751:Piece values
9739:Maróczy Bind
9700:the exchange
9690:Compensation
9620:Interference
9610:Double check
9384:Time control
9371:
9345:by agreement
9319:
9273:grandmasters
9217:South Africa
9167:
9160:
9136:Score sheets
9082:Chess pieces
8989:Online chess
8935:Chess titles
8930:Chess theory
8859:
8834:
8809:
8791:, Skyhorse,
8786:
8763:
8736:
8715:
8697:. Retrieved
8693:
8668:
8665:Evans, Larry
8647:
8640:Bibliography
8639:
8638:
8629:
8624:
8610:
8596:
8584:. Retrieved
8580:
8571:
8559:. Retrieved
8555:Die Schwalbe
8554:
8544:
8532:. Retrieved
8528:
8519:
8507:. Retrieved
8503:
8494:
8482:. Retrieved
8478:
8468:
8456:. Retrieved
8451:
8442:
8431:. Retrieved
8427:
8417:
8408:
8399:
8384:
8373:. Retrieved
8369:
8360:
8340:
8333:
8313:
8306:
8295:
8286:
8275:
8266:
8255:
8246:
8238:
8233:
8222:
8213:
8200:
8187:
8179:
8171:
8159:
8148:
8139:
8124:
8113:. Retrieved
8109:the original
8095:
8084:
8075:
8066:Tim Krabbé,
8062:
8043:
8037:
8024:
8013:
8004:
7994:
7989:
7977:. Retrieved
7973:
7963:
7950:
7938:
7925:
7912:
7901:. Retrieved
7895:
7886:
7878:
7870:
7865:, article 4.
7858:
7846:
7827:
7810:
7804:. Retrieved
7792:Chess Review
7790:
7777:
7768:
7755:
7744:, retrieved
7725:
7718:
7709:
7697:. Retrieved
7693:
7667:
7663:
7659:
7655:
7653:
7650:Nomenclature
7643:
7634:
7629:
7622:
7614:
7410:
7407:
7402:
7396:
7392:
7192:
6940:
6933:
6921:
6904:
6892:
6876:losing chess
6873:
6866:
6844:
6821:
6802:
6796:
6077:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6051:
6043:
6034:
6026:
5301:
5297:
5296:
5284:
4970:Fischer vs.
4952:In the 1934
4951:
4582:
4574:
4568:Lawrence Day
4561:
4261:In the game
4260:
3914:In the game
3913:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3588:
3576:
3565:, asked the
3553:
3522:
3222:the knight.
3213:
2892:
2886:
2867:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2544:
2528:
2522:center files
2513:
2138:
2128:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2106:
2098:
2087:
2066:
2064:
1763:
1750:
1745:
1732:
1445:
1443:
1427:
1420:
1382:Richard Réti
1359:
1349:
1328:
1320:
590:Requirements
582:
567:
553:
511:
509:
496:
491:queen's rook
484:
474:
463:on the same
448:
447:
439:
25:Rook (chess)
10514:Chess books
10314:Tournaments
10168:Fool's mate
9933:Vienna Game
9923:Scotch Game
9756:Prophylaxis
9672:Zwischenzug
9657:Undermining
9625:Overloading
9585:Combination
9434:descriptive
9129:Chess table
9124:Chess clock
8940:Grandmaster
8768:, Chilton,
8557:(in German)
8370:chess24.com
8317:. Penguin.
8180:Chess Notes
8172:Chess World
8164:Cecil Purdy
8101:Larry Evans
6888:Grand Chess
3920:Cecil Purdy
3583:Nick Kerins
3561:match with
2067:king's leap
1423:tournaments
1378:Gata Kamsky
1374:Nigel Short
550:Description
512:king's leap
505:descriptive
479:king's rook
10678:Categories
10621:joke chess
10574:Chess club
10262:opposition
9719:Middlegame
9707:Initiative
9630:Pawn storm
9595:Deflection
9466:Key square
9456:Fianchetto
9389:Fast chess
9373:En passant
9065:chessboard
8699:2024-02-07
8551:"P1204776"
8509:7 February
8433:2020-02-05
8375:2023-08-04
8193:Evans 1970
8115:2015-10-21
8070:, item 391
7903:2022-03-25
7837:0713481374
7806:2022-03-03
7746:13 January
7674:References
7631:Tim Krabbé
7205:is 1.0-0-0
6942:en passant
6826:(10×8) or
4271:checkmated
1739:Tony Miles
1411:See also:
499:. In both
495:is called
483:is called
30:Chess move
10604:Stockfish
10594:Deep Blue
10589:AlphaZero
10497:paintings
10289:Tablebase
10253:Strategy
10158:Irregular
9913:Ruy Lopez
9873:Open Game
9640:Sacrifice
9600:Desperado
9503:connected
9476:Open file
9471:King walk
9429:algebraic
9360:Stalemate
9335:Checkmate
9060:Chess set
9052:Equipment
8785:(2012) ,
8650:, McKay,
8479:ChessBase
8428:Chess.com
7996:Kaissiber
7877:notes in
7863:FIDE 2023
7851:Just 2019
7660:rochieren
7617:two-mover
6855:Shafran's
6834:back rank
6813:Wesley So
3557:, in his
3220:unpinning
2897:Gary Lane
577:queenside
573:Castling
558:Castling
501:algebraic
10663:Category
10616:glossary
10277:Zugzwang
10257:fortress
10189:Endgames
10098:Declined
10093:Accepted
9771:Openings
9729:Hedgehog
9695:Exchange
9682:Strategy
9662:Windmill
9513:isolated
9498:backward
9320:Castling
9263:amateurs
9156:Timeline
9030:Variants
8984:Glossary
8967:software
8952:glossary
8808:(2003),
8688:(2023).
8667:(1970),
8586:28 March
8534:28 March
8407:(1948),
7797:Archived
7644:traverse
6895:handicap
6806:Chess960
3924:Adelaide
3545:Examples
3526:Karjakin
2878:Mattison
2156:Strategy
1760:Notation
1352:mnemonic
562:kingside
528:variants
449:Castling
10564:Arbiter
10557:Related
10414:Solving
10404:Amateur
9981:Najdorf
9563:Battery
9550:Tactics
9525:Swindle
9508:doubled
9488:Outpost
9419:Blunder
9234:Armenia
9148:History
8994:Premove
8962:engines
8957:matches
8922:Outline
8561:13 July
8458:27 July
8195::38–39)
7979:13 June
7699:12 July
7668:enroque
7664:rochada
5287:Fischer
4978:, 1962
4972:Najdorf
3567:arbiter
3530:Carlsen
2516:opening
2107:In the
1777:History
520:xiangqi
10502:poetry
10492:novels
10467:Caïssa
10399:Senior
10389:Junior
9972:Dragon
9967:Alapin
9652:Skewer
9518:passed
9461:Gambit
9268:female
9229:Europe
9212:Africa
9107:Knight
9102:Bishop
8841:
8820:
8795:
8772:
8747:
8724:
8675:
8654:
8348:
8321:
8050:
7834:
7737:
7658:(e.g.
6886:, and
6861:, and
6027:
2104:move.
2094:bishop
2071:knight
1321:
524:janggi
522:, and
440:
10449:WCSCC
10394:Youth
10384:Blitz
10379:Rapid
10369:Women
10332:Women
10284:Study
10134:Other
9667:X-ray
9590:Decoy
9575:Block
9530:Tempo
9493:Pawns
9411:Terms
9330:Check
9312:Rules
9246:India
9239:Spain
9224:China
9117:Fairy
9092:Queen
9023:norms
8914:Chess
8741:(PDF)
8484:1 May
8409:Chess
8208::188)
7800:(PDF)
7787:(PDF)
6893:In a
6882:royal
6865:. In
4583:(See
3599:0-0-0
3595:0-0-0
2540:tempo
2090:queen
1341:check
545:Rules
516:shogi
453:chess
10487:film
10444:WCCC
10439:TCEC
10429:CSVN
10374:Team
10344:List
9615:Fork
9540:Trap
9340:Draw
9112:Pawn
9097:Rook
9087:King
9035:List
9004:list
8979:FIDE
8839:ISBN
8818:ISBN
8793:ISBN
8770:ISBN
8745:ISBN
8722:ISBN
8694:FIDE
8686:FIDE
8673:ISBN
8652:ISBN
8588:2022
8563:2022
8536:2022
8511:2023
8486:2022
8460:2021
8346:ISBN
8319:ISBN
8182:9622
8048:ISBN
7981:2023
7958::66)
7933::16)
7920::48)
7832:ISBN
7748:2014
7735:ISBN
7701:2020
7694:FIDE
7656:rukh
7639:FIDE
6857:and
6054:fork
2534:file
2102:pawn
2092:and
2081:rank
1737:and
1415:and
1364:and
503:and
467:rank
461:rook
457:king
10424:CCC
9635:Pin
9439:PGN
8876:at
7201:key
6039:):
4587:.)
4281:.)
3603:0–1
3591:0-0
2554:or
10680::
8858:.
8854:.
8816:,
8710:;
8692:.
8579:.
8553:.
8527:.
8502:.
8477:.
8450:.
8426:.
8368:.
8294:.
8274:.
8254:.
8221:.
8178:,
8170:,
8166:,
8147:.
8083:.
8012:.
7972:.
7894:.
7818:^
7809:.
7789:.
7733:,
7729:,
7692:.
7681:^
7666:,
7662:,
7627:.
6853:,
6849:,
6819:.
6046:?!
3922:,
3541:.
2882:??
2562:.
2126:.
1354::
518:,
9974:/
8906:e
8899:t
8892:v
8862:.
8702:.
8618:.
8604:.
8590:.
8565:.
8538:.
8513:.
8488:.
8462:.
8436:.
8378:.
8354:.
8327:.
8300:.
8280:.
8260:.
8227:.
8204:(
8191:(
8153:.
8118:.
8089:.
8056:.
8018:.
7983:.
7954:(
7929:(
7916:(
7906:.
7840:.
7763:)
7759:(
7703:.
7642:(
7602:h
7599:g
7596:f
7593:e
7590:d
7587:c
7584:b
7581:a
7574:1
7571:1
7566:2
7563:2
7558:3
7555:3
7550:4
7547:4
7542:5
7539:5
7534:6
7531:6
7526:7
7523:7
7518:8
7457:8
7450:h
7447:g
7444:f
7441:e
7438:d
7435:c
7432:b
7429:a
7380:h
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