1436:, castling is considered a king move, so the king must be touched first; if the rook is touched first, a rook move must be played instead. As usual, the player may choose another legal destination square for the king until releasing it. When the two-square king move is completed, however, the player is committed to castling if it is legal, and the rook must be moved accordingly. The entire move must be completed with one hand. A player who attempts to castle illegally must return the king and rook to their original squares and then make a legal king move if possible (which may include castling on the other side). If there is no legal king move, the touch-move rule does not apply to the rook.
7508:
7480:
7286:
6747:
6705:
6201:
6159:
5913:
5906:
5843:
5836:
5808:
5752:
5571:
5564:
5501:
5480:
5473:
5466:
5403:
5382:
5185:
5129:
5115:
5101:
5066:
4803:
4796:
4782:
4705:
4684:
4663:
4448:
4364:
4133:
4091:
4077:
4028:
4007:
3807:
3772:
3730:
3688:
3423:
3360:
3339:
3290:
3058:
3044:
3037:
2974:
2768:
2719:
2670:
2635:
2351:
2344:
2330:
2323:
2309:
2295:
2281:
2260:
1965:
1951:
1937:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1860:
1846:
1605:
1598:
1577:
1535:
859:
671:
152:
138:
117:
103:
5920:
5759:
5578:
5389:
5122:
5045:
4789:
4670:
4469:
4420:
4049:
3107:
3030:
2386:
2225:
1972:
1944:
1930:
1874:
1867:
1839:
1221:
1026:
7522:
7515:
7501:
7494:
7487:
7300:
7293:
7279:
7100:
7093:
7086:
7079:
7072:
7065:
7058:
7051:
7044:
7037:
7030:
7023:
7016:
7009:
6754:
6726:
6691:
6208:
6180:
6145:
5934:
5927:
5899:
5892:
5885:
5878:
5871:
5864:
5857:
5850:
5829:
5822:
5815:
5801:
5794:
5787:
5780:
5773:
5766:
5745:
5592:
5585:
5557:
5550:
5543:
5536:
5529:
5522:
5515:
5508:
5494:
5487:
5459:
5452:
5445:
5438:
5431:
5424:
5417:
5410:
5396:
5375:
5192:
5178:
5171:
5164:
5157:
5150:
5143:
5136:
5108:
5094:
5087:
5080:
5073:
5059:
5052:
5038:
4859:
4852:
4845:
4838:
4831:
4824:
4817:
4810:
4775:
4768:
4761:
4754:
4747:
4740:
4733:
4726:
4719:
4712:
4698:
4691:
4677:
4656:
4462:
4455:
4441:
4434:
4427:
4413:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4371:
4357:
4350:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4140:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4084:
4070:
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4021:
4014:
4000:
3821:
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3793:
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3779:
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3402:
3395:
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3332:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3297:
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3121:
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3100:
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2775:
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2628:
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2316:
2302:
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2239:
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2218:
1958:
1853:
1640:
1633:
1626:
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1612:
1591:
1584:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1528:
1521:
1228:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1019:
866:
852:
845:
838:
685:
678:
664:
657:
347:
340:
333:
326:
319:
312:
159:
145:
131:
124:
110:
96:
7474:
7273:
7003:
5739:
5369:
5032:
4650:
4344:
3994:
3668:
3277:
2954:
2622:
2212:
1833:
1515:
1194:
1013:
832:
651:
306:
90:
6740:
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6230:
6223:
6194:
6187:
6173:
6166:
6152:
2549:; for these reasons, the king is often subsequently moved to the b-file. In addition, queenside castling is initially obstructed by more pieces than kingside castling, thus taking longer to set up than kingside castling. On the other hand, queenside castling places the rook more efficiently on the central d-file, where it is often immediately active; meanwhile, with kingside castling, a
10664:
5300:, with the white pieces, played 16.Ng7+ Ke7 17.Nf5+ Ke8. Although all the pieces were now on the same squares, the two positions were not identical because Black, having moved his king, no longer had the right to castle. White now had time to build pressure on the black king without worrying that the king might escape by castling.
525:, a two-square king move added to European chess between the 14th and 15th centuries, and took on its present form in the 17th century. Local variations in castling rules were common, however, persisting in Italy until the late 19th century. Castling does not exist in Asian games of the chess family, such as
2110:
The rule of castling has varied by location and time. In medieval
England, Spain, and France, the white king was allowed to jump to c1, c2, d3, e3, f3, or g1 if no capture was made and the king was not in check and did not move over check; the black king might move analogously. In Lombardy, the white
482:
and then moving the rook to the square that the king passed over. Castling is permitted only if neither the king nor the rook has previously moved; the squares between the king and the rook are vacant; and the king does not leave, cross over, or finish on a square attacked by an enemy piece. Castling
7630:
in which White promotes a pawn to a rook and then castles vertically with the newly promoted rook (placing the king on e3 and the rook on e2), since the rook has not moved. In the position on the right, White plays 1.e8=R, and after the forced move 1...Kxc2 castles vertically with the promoted rook,
1762:
With his 26th move, Karpov attempted to claim a draw by threefold repetition, thinking that the positions after his 22nd, 24th, and 26th moves were the same. It was pointed out to him, however, that the position after his 22nd move had different castling rights than the positions after his 24th and
2540:
The choice regarding to which side one castles often hinges on an assessment of the trade-off between king safety and activity of the rook. Kingside castling is generally slightly safer because the king ends up closer to the edge of the board and can usually defend all of the pawns on the castled
6949:
problems. By chess problem convention, if a player's king and rook are on their original squares, the player is assumed to have castling rights unless it can be proved otherwise. In some retrograde analysis problems, the solver (who usually plays White) is required to prove that the opponent has
2556:
Players may forgo castling for various reasons. In positions where the opponent cannot organize an attack against a centralized king, castling may be unnecessary or even detrimental. In addition, in certain situations, a rook can be more active near the edges of the board than in the center; for
7220:
This demonstrates that the white king has not moved yet and that the rook on d4 must therefore be a promoted piece. Therefore, either the black king or black rook has previously moved to let the white rook off the back rank. Therefore Black cannot castle. After any move by Black, 2.Rd8 is mate.
2560:
Kingside castling occurs more frequently than queenside castling. It is common for both players to castle kingside, somewhat uncommon for one player to castle kingside and the other queenside, and somewhat rare for both players to castle queenside. If one player castles kingside and the other
3937:
1960, when Purdy castled queenside, Averbakh queried the move, pointing out that the rook had passed over an attacked square. Purdy indicated e8 and c8 and said, "The king", in an attempt to explain that this was forbidden only for the king. Averbakh replied, "Only the king? Not the rook?"
6814:
In variants played on a standard 8×8 board, castling is often the same as in standard chess. This includes variants that replace the king with a different royal piece, as is the case with the knight in
Knightmate. Some variants, however, have different rules; for example, in
6920:
proposed a variant of chess without castling. This variant would reduce king safety, theoretically leading to more dynamic games, as it would be considerably harder to force a draw and the pieces would be forced to engage in a mêlée. In 2021, former world champion
2569:. Castling on opposite sides usually results in a fierce fight, as each player's pawns are free to advance to attack the opponent's castled position without exposing the player's own castled king. Opposite castling is a common feature of many openings, such as the
7404:
Some joke chess problems involve castling with a promoted rook of the opponent's color. In orthodox chess, this would be illegal since the rook would be giving check to the king, but under fairy chess conditions, this might not actually be check.
2132:
In Rome, from the early 17th century until the late 19th century, the rook might be placed on any square up to and including the king's square, and the king might be moved to any square on the other side of the rook. This was called
7652:
to amend the castling laws in 1974 to add the requirement that the king and rook be on the same rank. In reality, the original FIDE Laws from 1930 explicitly stated that castling must be done with a king and a rook on the same rank
7408:
The diagrammed problem involves castling with an opposing rook under the Koko fairy condition (each piece must end up adjacent to another piece when moving). The solution (Black's move being given first per helpmate convention) is:
6067:
and taking control of the center. Instead of allowing this, Black hopes to cause trouble for White by returning the piece while depriving White of the right to castle. White can easily castle artificially, however. For example:
4971:
in the
Thornton castling trap. In the position in the diagram, the game continued 10...Rxb2 11.dxe5 dxe5?? 12.Qxd8+ Kxd8 13.0-0-0+, and O'Kelly resigned. Feuer's last move simultaneously gave check and attacked the rook on b2.
1783:
indicates castling based on the starting and ending squares of the king; thus, castling kingside is written as 5171 for White and 5878 for Black, and castling queenside is written as 5131 for White and 5838 for Black.
7419:
where, after 3.0-0, White's rook is not checking the king; a hypothetical capture of the king would result in the rook not being adjacent to any other piece, which is illegal under the Koko condition.
565:
During castling, the king is shifted two squares toward a rook of the same color on the same rank, and the rook is transferred to the square crossed by the king. There are two forms of castling:
2084:, or the king would move two squares on its first move. The knight move might be used early in the game to get the king to safety or later in the game to escape a threat. This second form was
2111:
king might also jump to a2, b1, or h1, with corresponding squares applying to the black king. Later, in
Germany and Italy, the rule was changed such that the king move was accompanied by a
1387:
once attempted to castle queenside as Black when d8 was under attack (this was not allowed). Illegal castling has also occasionally occurred in serious games between top players (including
3608:
17.Na3 Ng6 18.Qd2 f4 19.Bf2 Bh3 20.Rfb1 Bf5 21.Nc2 h6 22.gxh6 Rxh6 23.Nb4 Qe6 24.Qe2 Ne7 25.b3 Qg6+ 26.Kf1 Bxb1 27.bxc4 dxc4 28.Qb2 Bd3+ 29.Ke1 Be4 30.Qe2 Bxf3 31.Qxf3 Rxh2 32.d5 Qf5 33.
2158:, the word "Castles" was originally spelled out, adding "K's R" or "Q's R" if disambiguation was needed; eventually, the 0-0 and 0-0-0 notation was borrowed from the algebraic system.
2071:
Castling under medieval rules. Symbol color corresponds to king color. Circles represent
English, Spanish, French, and Lombardy movement; crosses represent Lombardy movement only.
8115:
2129:
The current version of castling was established in France in 1620 and in
England in 1640. It served to combine the rook's move and the king's jumping move into a single move.
8458:
3580:
if castling was legal when the castling rook was under attack. The arbiter answered in the affirmative, Korchnoi executed the move, and Karpov resigned shortly after.
2570:
1410:
The rook can pass through an attacked square. (White can castle queenside even if Black is attacking b1; Black can castle queenside even if White is attacking b8.)
2887:: the king attacks a rook (on b2 for White or b7 for Black), while the rook attacks a second enemy piece (usually the king). In the example shown, from the game
8746:
1763:
26th moves, rendering his claim illegal. As a result, Karpov was penalized five minutes on his clock. After thinking for about ten minutes, Miles decided to
7422:
The allowance of castling with a "phantom rook" in handicap games has also been used in joke problems. Many other joke variations on castling are possible.
7807:
2144:
introduced the 0-0 notation. He differentiated between 0-0r (right) and 0-0l (left). The 0-0-0 notation for queenside castling was introduced in 1837 by
2088:
as early as the 13th century. In North Africa, the king was transferred to a safe square by a two-move procedure: the king moved to the player's second
9210:
6820:
3596:, Dublin 1973. The third instance of castling, the second one by White, was illegal, as the white king had already moved. The game is as follows:
2902:
has proposed the name "Thornton castling trap" for this pattern, in reference to the earliest known example, Thornton–Boultbee, published in the
6089:
White has achieved a normal castled position via several moves. With the bishop pair and a central pawn majority, White has a slight advantage.
1395:) when they forgot that the king or rook had previously moved and returned to its home square, and has not always been noticed by the opponent.
7681:), while queenside and kingside castling are referred to using the adjectives meaning "long" and "short" (or "big" and "small"), respectively.
3593:
2099:
Various forms of castling were developed due to the spread of rulesets during the 15th and 16th centuries which increased the power of the
1775:
Both algebraic notation and descriptive notation indicate kingside castling as 0-0 and queenside castling as 0-0-0 (using the digit zero).
8006:
1379:
both had to consult the arbiter during tournaments on whether castling was legal when the rook was on or passed over an attacked square,
3569:
10444:
8350:
17:
8639:
1459:
with an unmoved rook of the same color on the same rank, even if castling is not legal in that particular position. In the context of
8119:
6819:, the king may move more or fewer than two squares (including none) when castling, depending on the starting position. Former world
1327:
Black cannot castle kingside because the white queen attacks f8. Black can castle queenside despite the white queen's attack on b8.
1146:
White cannot castle queenside because Black's queen controls c1. White can castle kingside even though the h1-rook is under attack.
9996:
2537:
of the board, and it moves the rook to a more active position (the f-file if castling kingside; the d-file if castling queenside).
2107:, allowing these pieces to attack from a distance and from both sides of the board, thus increasing the importance of king safety.
3544:, 2007, the move 19...0-0 threatens to win the rook on h7, as well as 20...Bxg5, when White cannot recapture due to the threat of
3534:
Such a double attack can also be made by castling kingside, although this is much rarer. In this position from the blindfold game
3229:
game
Gurvich–Pampin, 1976. After 1.Qxd8+ Kxd8 2.0-0-0+ Ke7 3.Nxb5, White has won a rook by castling with check and simultaneously
10459:
10419:
10439:
8485:
3548:. Black will thus win the g5-knight next move; 20.Rh6 Bxg5 21.Rxg6+ Kh7 22.Rxg5 would not work, as it would be met by 22...Rf1
1403:
once "castled his queen" (moving his queen from d1 to b1 and his rook from a1 to c1, which was also not allowed). To clarify:
10434:
8853:
8832:
8807:
8759:
8666:
8360:
8333:
8062:
8626:
6950:
previously moved their king or rook and therefore cannot castle. This is sometimes accomplished by castling or by capturing
9986:
8323:
7648:
includes a problem featuring vertical castling, along with an incorrect claim that the problem's 1973 publication prompted
6878:
10379:
10242:
10227:
9991:
8376:
6826:
was confused by the castling rules during the 2022 championships, and attempted to illegally castle out of check versus
596:) consists of moving the king to c1 and the rook to d1 for White, or moving the king to c8 and the rook to d8 for Black.
581:) consists of moving the king to g1 and the rook to f1 for White, or moving the king to g8 and the rook to f8 for Black.
10517:
9982:
9977:
9305:
8040:
10454:
10354:
10247:
10212:
8784:
8736:
8687:
7749:
10424:
10414:
10332:
10217:
8967:
8962:
6891:
1779:
and some publications use O-O for kingside castling and O-O-O for queenside castling (using the letter O) instead.
10409:
10399:
8915:
8862:
8186:
8111:
6841:(16×16), preserve the castling movement of the rooks, meaning that the king moves a different distance along the
2899:
7657:
in French). It is unclear whether any historically published sets of rules would technically allow such a move.
10694:
10404:
10394:
10389:
9052:
9014:
7846:
6865:
4277:
8178:
7794:
6869:
4958:
The game ended 10....Rxb2 11.dxe5 dxe5?? 12.Qxd8+ Kxd8 13.0-0-0+ and O'Kelly resigned since the rook is lost.
10539:
10449:
10384:
9960:
9722:
9273:
8727:
9798:
9278:
7210:
3613:
2541:
side. In queenside castling, the king is placed closer to the center and does not defend the pawn on the a-
1399:
once even accidentally castled queenside as White with his queen's rook on b1 (which was not allowed), and
10553:
10502:
10207:
8434:
6838:
6833:
Castling can also be adapted to variants with different board sizes and shapes. Some such variants, like
10704:
10626:
10604:
10512:
10497:
10156:
10108:
10103:
10093:
9761:
9439:
9283:
8675:
7634:
Vertical castling, also known as "Staugaard castling" or "Pam–Krabbé castling", has been used in a few
4964:
547:
511:
6056:
2892:
500:
10558:
10492:
10342:
10237:
10232:
10081:
8612:
7980:
7217:
7205:
2150:
488:
6063:
Black sees that if he plays 1...Nxe5, White responds with 2.d4, winning back the minor piece with a
2879:
Tactical patterns involving castling are rare. One pattern involves castling queenside to deliver a
2123:
10534:
10507:
10349:
10066:
9459:
9454:
9411:
9310:
6908:
game with rook odds, the player giving odds may castle with the absent rook, moving only the king.
2907:
2881:
1441:
9145:
2531:
10709:
10643:
10168:
9833:
6861:
2141:
9179:
2119:
10699:
10222:
10151:
9449:
9295:
9200:
9045:
8977:
7737:
Pandolfini's Chess
Complete: The Most Comprehensive Guide to the Game, from History to Strategy
7627:
6882:, castling is possible within the spatial dimensions but not across time or between timelines.
6843:
4595:
4581:(1968), where White resigned. Had the game continued, Black could have checkmated by castling:
1776:
586:
571:
10359:
10282:
10163:
9863:
9858:
9545:
9268:
9227:
9009:
8884:
8401:
8325:
The
Complete Idiot's Guide to Chess Openings: Discover the First-Move Strategies of Champions
7735:
1780:
6853:(11×10), the player may choose to move the king any distance and move the rook accordingly.
4968:
1383:
once mistakenly thought that Black queenside castling was illegal when b8 was attacked, and
10071:
10008:
9967:
9928:
9710:
9700:
9630:
9444:
9375:
9300:
9185:
8984:
8718:
4289:
3226:
2155:
2126:
in 1498, castling consisted of moving the rook and then moving the king on separate moves.
1460:
965:
Black cannot castle on either side because the black king is in check by the white bishop.
784:
White cannot castle queenside because the knight is in the way. White can castle kingside.
515:
8866:
6937:. The earliest known study containing castling was published in 1843 by Julius Mendheim.
5315:, is a maneuver whereby a player achieves a castled position without the use of castling.
2543:
2090:
476:
8:
10524:
10304:
10051:
9938:
9908:
9878:
9850:
9823:
9766:
9667:
9635:
9595:
9550:
9263:
9205:
9080:
9028:
9023:
8950:
8908:
7741:
6946:
6873:
4986:
3589:
1463:, two positions with different castling rights are considered to be different positions.
1372:
10061:
8302:
8020:
6925:
defeated
Kramnik 2½–1½ in a no-castling exhibition match under classical time controls.
3612:
Rh3 34.Qe2 Rxc3+ 35.Kb2 Rh3 36.d6 Nec6 37.Nxc6 Nxc6 38.e6 Qe5+ 39.Qxe5 Nxe5 40.d7+ Nxd7
3225:
Another example of tactical castling is illustrated in the diagrammed position from the
1357:
The king does not pass through or finish on a square that is attacked by an enemy piece.
10631:
10529:
10272:
10076:
9717:
9605:
9217:
9085:
8798:
8282:
8262:
8229:
8155:
8091:
7902:
7635:
6827:
6047:
1400:
28:
6746:
6704:
6200:
6158:
10614:
10487:
10299:
10257:
10183:
10135:
10118:
10098:
9950:
9888:
9828:
9803:
9650:
9615:
9610:
9590:
9578:
9421:
9389:
9355:
9335:
9172:
9166:
9127:
8994:
8849:
8828:
8803:
8780:
8755:
8732:
8683:
8662:
8587:
8356:
8329:
8058:
7842:
7745:
6922:
3600:
1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Be3 Nf6 4.e5 Nfd7 5.f4 c5 6.c3 Nc6 7.Nf3 Qb6 8.Qd2 c4 9.Be2 Na5 10.
2888:
1764:
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Techniques of Positional Play: 45 Practical Methods to Gain the Upper Hand in Chess
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6856:
Castling sometimes features in chess variants not played on a square grid, such as
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1433:
8773:
8140:
3920:
Black to move castled queenside, with the rook traversing the attacked b8-square.
1371:
Castling rules often cause confusion, even occasionally among high-level players.
34:"Castle (chess)" redirects here. For the chess piece that resembles a castle, see
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Initial positions of kings and rooks. Kings may castle to the indicated squares.
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notations, castling kingside is written as 0-0 and castling queenside as 0-0-0.
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anyway (even an incorrect claim of threefold repetition is also a draw offer).
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In most European languages, the term for castling is derived from the Persian
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then explained the castling rules to him in Russian, and the game continued.
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example, if it is able to fight for control of an open or semi-open file.
2148:. The practice was adopted in the first edition (1843) of the influential
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often include castling in their rulesets, sometimes in a modified form.
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Castling is permitted provided all of the following conditions are met:
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that "most chess players refrain from demonstrations of ambidexterity."
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The diagram illustrates the consequences of losing castling rights.
3604:
f5 11.Ng5 Be7 12.g4 Bxg5 13.fxg5 Nf8 14.gxf5 exf5 15.Bf3 Be6 16.Qg2
2080:. There were two forms of the leap: the king would move once like a
10287:
6844:
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587:
8486:"Study of the Month - A short history of endgame study castling I"
2520:
Position after 10.0-0-0: Opposite castling in the Yugoslav Attack
572:
9004:
8641:
Règle du Jeu d’Échecs de la F. I. D. E. (édition officielle 1930)
530:
483:
is the only move in chess in which two pieces are moved at once.
8535:
8459:"No-Castling Chess: Anand holds Kramnik, wins Sparkassen Trophy"
7822:
on castling, considerable confusion often reigns among beginners
2096:, and the rook and king moved to each other's original squares.
9471:
534:
8422:, Teach Yourself Books, English Universities Press, p. 59
8004:
Stefan Bücker: "Was bedeutet 0-0?" (What does 0-0 mean?), in:
2544:
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477:
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may be required to move the rook to a more effective square.
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6901:, where the rooks have significantly more opening mobility.
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1752:, play continued from the diagrammed position as follows:
8432:
446:
White has castled kingside; Black has castled queenside.
10663:
8893:
8433:
Kramnik (VladimirKramnik), Vladimir (27 November 2019).
7867:
8377:"Fischer Random 2: Wesley So tries to castle illegally"
1367:
A player may not castle out of, through, or into check.
8701:"FIDE Laws of Chess taking effect from 1 January 2023"
7701:"FIDE Laws of Chess taking effect from 1 January 2018"
1432:
Under FIDE rules and USCF rules, and enforced in most
6885:
Some chess variants do not feature castling, such as
1757:
22... Ra4 23. Nc3 Ra8 24. Nb5 Ra4 25. Nc3 Ra8 26. Nb5
6956:, thereby disproving other possible game histories.
1439:
These tournament rules are not commonly enforced in
1413:
The king can have been in check earlier in the game.
7953:c1, c2, c3, d3, e3, f3, g1, g2, or g3 according to
2895:and resigned after 14.0-0-0+, which wins the rook.
1344:
Neither the king nor the rook has previously moved.
8772:
2161:
1347:There are no pieces between the king and the rook.
7695:
7693:
5318:
4573:The diagram shows the final position of the game
2891:–Millers, Königsberg 1926, Black played 13...Rxb2
10686:
8511:"Codex of Chess Compositions – WFCC, Article 16"
8041:C.N. 5916 – 'Thornton castling trap' (C.N. 4078)
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8748:U.S. Chess Federation's Official Rules of Chess
8216:
7981:"The Evolution of Modern Chess Rules: Castling"
2525:Castling is generally an important goal in the
7690:
8909:
8435:"Kramnik And AlphaZero: How To Rethink Chess"
8052:
7399:Helpmate in three with Koko fairy condition
6928:
6916:Writing in 2019, former world chess champion
6092:
2576:
1466:
2529:: it moves the king to safety away from the
1361:Conditions 3 and 4 can be summarized by the
8754:(7th ed.), (independently published),
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7771:
3945:
2140:In the 1811 edition of his chess treatise,
8916:
8902:
8644:, (in French), FIDE, 1930 (via wikisource)
8145:(click on: "Greatest number of castlings")
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3588:Castling occurred three times in the game
8731:(2nd ed.), Oxford University Press,
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8560:Hornecker, Siegfried (9 October 2011).
8021:"Mattison vs. Millers, Königsberg 1926"
7978:
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7479:
7285:
7204:The diagram shows a mate in two. 1.Rad1
6046:In the first diagram (arising from the
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4586:29. Kf6 Qf5+ 30. Kg7 Qg6+ 31. Kh8 0-0-0
4447:
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4132:
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14:
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8592:StrateGems – US Chess Problem Magazine
8515:World Federation for Chess Composition
8484:Hornecker, Siegfried (30 April 2022).
8399:
8321:
8185:, October 1960, p, 198, reproduced by
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5758:
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5388:
5303:
5121:
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4288:, but he instead played 18.Kd2#. (See
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3029:
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2224:
1971:
1943:
1929:
1873:
1866:
1838:
1447:nor commonly known by casual players.
1220:
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8897:
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8203:
8116:"Castling Confuses Even Grandmasters"
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3022:
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2987:
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2906:in 1884. Other chess writers such as
2774:
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2690:
2683:
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2208:
2154:and soon became standard. In English
1957:
1852:
1829:
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1618:
1611:
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144:
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109:
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8744:
8695:
8613:"Staugaard castling at Die Schwalbe"
8536:"Yet another chess problem database"
8230:"Ed. Lasker vs. Thomas, London 1912"
7873:
7861:
7792:
7425:
6879:5D Chess with Multiverse Time Travel
6078:White begins castling artificially.
5323:
4601:
605:
44:
8252:, Dover Publications, 1962, p. 120.
8156:"Averbakh vs. Purdy, Adelaide 1960"
7783:Article 3.8.2 in FIDE Laws of Chess
7724:Article 3.8.2 in FIDE Laws of Chess
7224:
1417:
24:
8885:"Mate by Castling" game collection
8861:
8540:Yet another chess problem database
8303:"Fischer vs. Najdorf, Varna, 1962"
8092:"Korchnoi vs. Karpov, Moscow 1974"
7414:1. Bg7 h8=R 2. Bf6 Kg6 3. 0-0 Kh7#
6849:. In a few variants, most notably
4596:Lawrence Day's notable chess games
2122:(c. 1500) and a game published by
1450:
25:
10721:
8878:
8588:"Chess Problem Fairy Definitions"
8250:Chess for Fun and Chess for Blood
7841:. Batsford. pp. 41–51, 149.
7626:In 1907, C. Staugaard composed a
1461:threefold and fivefold repetition
27:For people with the surname, see
10662:
10333:List of strong chess tournaments
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4703:
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4404:
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4390:
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4342:
4295:
4280:(London 1912), White could have
4166:
4159:
4152:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4110:
4103:
4096:
4089:
4082:
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4054:
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4019:
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4005:
3998:
3992:
3819:
3812:
3805:
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3784:
3777:
3770:
3763:
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3749:
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3728:
3721:
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3686:
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3672:
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3428:
3421:
3414:
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3386:
3379:
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3365:
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3330:
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3316:
3309:
3302:
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3112:
3105:
3098:
3091:
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3035:
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3014:
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1970:
1963:
1956:
1949:
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1935:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1900:
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1872:
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1533:
1526:
1519:
1513:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1192:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1011:
864:
857:
850:
843:
836:
830:
683:
676:
669:
662:
655:
649:
345:
338:
331:
324:
317:
310:
304:
157:
150:
143:
136:
129:
122:
115:
108:
101:
94:
88:
9306:Gökyay Association Chess Museum
8633:
8627:"Pam-Krabbé castling at yacpdb"
8619:
8605:
8580:
8553:
8528:
8503:
8477:
8451:
8426:
8393:
8369:
8349:Bronznik, Valeri (2014-02-18).
8342:
8315:
8295:
8283:"Feuer vs. O'Kelly, Liege 1934"
8275:
8255:
8242:
8222:
8209:
8196:
8168:
8148:
8133:
8104:
8084:
8071:
8046:
8033:
8013:
7998:
7972:
7959:
7947:
7934:
7921:
7895:
7879:
7813:from the original on 2020-09-18
7660:
7199:White to play and mate in two
2162:Strategic and tactical concepts
600:
8322:Aramil, William (2008-10-07).
8118:. Sun Sentinel. Archived from
8057:. Batsford. pp. 001–349.
7786:
7777:
7764:
7727:
7718:
7621:White to play and mate in two
5319:Example of artificial castling
2910:have since adopted this term.
2076:Castling has its roots in the
560:
13:
1:
10431:Computer chess championships
8728:The Oxford Companion to Chess
7979:McCrary, John (18 May 2021).
7806:. Vol. 29. p. 298.
7793:Korn, Walter (October 1961).
7684:
6821:Fischer Random Chess Champion
6803:Castling in Capablanca chess
4290:Edward Lasker's notable games
1407:The rook can be under attack.
1350:The king is not currently in
537:, but it commonly appears in
521:Castling originates from the
8263:"Prins vs. Day, Lugano 1968"
6048:Ruy Lopez, Classical Defence
3951:Ed. Lasker vs. Thomas, 1912
466:. It consists of moving the
7:
10208:Bishop and knight checkmate
8217:Lombardy & Daniels 1975
6839:chess on a really big board
3555:
2166:
1770:
10:
10726:
10376:Other world championships
8846:The Encyclopaedia of Chess
7734:Pandolfini, Bruce (1992),
6933:Castling features in some
6929:Castling in chess problems
6093:Castling in chess variants
2577:Tactics involving castling
1787:
1467:Example of castling rights
1421:
543:
33:
26:
18:Castling on opposite sides
10657:
10567:
10470:
10323:
10218:Opposite-coloured bishops
10198:
10144:
10007:
9849:
9789:
9780:
9691:
9559:
9420:
9321:
9157:
9061:
8931:
8923:
8771:; Daniels, David (1975),
8657:Davidson, Henry (1981) ,
8179:"Doesn't Know the Moves!"
7864:, chapter 1, section 10I.
6809:Variants of Western chess
3625:Averbakh vs. Purdy, 1960
2151:Handbuch des Schachspiels
10350:World Chess Championship
9311:World Chess Hall of Fame
8659:A Short History of Chess
8010:, No. 18, 2002, pp.70–71
7903:"Karpov vs. Miles, 1986"
6889:, where the king is not
6870:Brusky's hexagonal chess
4607:Feuer vs. O'Kelly, 1934
4267:Position after 17...Kg1
3946:Edward Lasker vs. Thomas
2904:Brooklyn Chess Chronicle
2561:queenside, it is called
555:
550:to describe chess moves.
498:, and castling with the
10644:Simultaneous exhibition
10554:Chess newspaper columns
10243:Rook and bishop vs rook
10228:Queen and pawn vs queen
8821:Official Rules of Chess
8400:Walker, George (1841).
7837:Timmer, Robert (1997).
7795:"The Rules of Castling"
7772:Hooper & Whyld 1992
7208:0-0 does not work. The
1744:In a 1986 game between
1472:Karpov vs. Miles, 1986
1391:, Viktor Korchnoi, and
10094:Richter–Veresov Attack
10082:Queen's Indian Defence
8682:, Simon and Schuster,
8053:George Huczek (2017).
7636:novelty chess problems
6945:Castling is common in
6912:Chess without castling
3617:
2567:opposite-side castling
2124:Luis Ramírez de Lucena
1777:Portable Game Notation
1739:Position after 22.Nb5
10695:16th century in chess
10360:Candidates Tournament
10248:Rook and pawn vs rook
10213:King and pawn vs king
10164:List of chess gambits
10067:King's Indian Defence
9745:Isolated Queen's Pawn
9269:List of chess players
9211:Top player comparison
9010:Internet chess server
8848:, St. Martins Press,
6033:Position after 4.Kg1
3938:Averbakh's colleague
3598:
3584:Heidenfeld vs. Kerins
3570:1974 Candidates final
1781:ICCF numeric notation
470:two squares toward a
10072:Nimzo-Indian Defence
9968:Scandinavian Defense
9929:Semi-Italian Opening
9834:King's Indian Attack
9723:first-move advantage
9376:Threefold repetition
9301:Bobby Fischer Center
9186:Charlemagne chessmen
9180:Göttingen manuscript
9144:
8985:Correspondence chess
8844:(1970), "castling",
8725:(1992), "castling",
8055:A to Z Chess Tactics
7890:Teach Yourself Chess
7742:Simon & Schuster
7230:Siegfried Hornecker
7209:
6890:
6842:
4967:, Otto Feuer caught
4965:Belgian Championship
4301:Prins vs. Day, 1968
2880:
2542:
2530:
2156:descriptive notation
2120:Göttingen manuscript
2089:
1455:An unmoved king has
1440:
585:
570:
499:
487:
475:
10305:Two knights endgame
10052:Bogo-Indian Defence
9939:Two Knights Defense
9879:Nimzowitsch Defence
9569:Artificial castling
9206:Soviet chess school
9081:Dubrovnik chess set
8867:"Castling in Chess"
7985:US Chess Federation
7839:Startling Castling!
7631:checkmating Black.
6947:retrograde analysis
6941:Retrograde analysis
6874:millennium 3D chess
6073:2. Kxf2 Nxe5 3. Rf1
5309:Artificial castling
5304:Artificial castling
4976:Fischer vs. Najdorf
3590:Wolfgang Heidenfeld
3561:Korchnoi vs. Karpov
1373:Alexander Beliavsky
10535:endgame literature
10077:Old Indian Defense
9987:Accelerated Dragon
9859:Alekhine's Defence
9591:Checkmate patterns
9460:symbols in Unicode
9455:annotation symbols
9218:Geography of chess
9086:Staunton chess set
8825:Cardoza Publishing
8799:A History of Chess
8745:Just, Tim (2019),
8463:The Times of India
8402:"The Chess Player"
8043:, 27 December 2008
6828:Ian Nepomniachtchi
5291:White to play
3620:Averbakh vs. Purdy
1401:Alexander Alekhine
548:algebraic notation
546:This article uses
541:of Western chess.
508:queenside castling
486:Castling with the
29:Castling (surname)
10705:Chess terminology
10682:
10681:
10559:Chess periodicals
10488:Chess in the arts
10420:Chess composition
10258:Philidor position
10194:
10193:
10136:Trompowsky Attack
10119:Semi-Slav Defence
10009:Queen's Pawn Game
9889:Four Knights Game
9864:Caro–Kann Defence
9829:Zukertort Opening
9616:Discovered attack
9336:Cheating in chess
9173:Versus de scachis
8855:978-0-7091-4697-1
8834:978-1-58042-092-1
8809:978-1-62087-062-4
8769:Lombardy, William
8761:978-1-7977-1690-9
8668:978-0-679-14550-9
8362:978-90-5691-473-8
8335:978-1-4406-5185-4
8064:978-1-8499-4446-5
7646:Chess Curiosities
7619:
7618:
7426:Vertical castling
7397:
7396:
7197:
7196:
6923:Viswanathan Anand
6801:
6800:
6043:
6042:
6031:
6030:
5689:
5688:
5289:
5288:
4956:
4955:
4602:Feuer vs. O'Kelly
4566:
4565:
4278:Sir George Thomas
4265:
4264:
3918:
3917:
3527:
3526:
3218:
3217:
2872:
2871:
2563:opposite castling
2518:
2517:
2069:
2068:
1737:
1736:
1337:
1336:
1325:
1324:
1144:
1143:
963:
962:
782:
781:
496:kingside castling
456:
455:
444:
443:
256:
255:
16:(Redirected from
10717:
10669:Chess portal
10667:
10666:
10610:Leela Chess Zero
10541:Oxford Companion
10493:early literature
10483:Chess aesthetics
10223:Pawnless endgame
10174:Bongcloud Attack
10152:List of openings
10124:Chigorin Defense
10062:Grünfeld Defence
9973:Sicilian Defence
9919:Ponziani Opening
9914:Philidor Defence
9909:Petrov's Defence
9851:King's Pawn Game
9824:Larsen's Opening
9787:
9786:
9148:
8918:
8911:
8904:
8895:
8894:
8874:
8871:chesshistory.com
8858:
8837:
8823:(2nd ed.),
8812:
8794:Murray, H. J. R.
8789:
8778:
8764:
8753:
8741:
8714:
8712:
8711:
8692:
8671:
8645:
8637:
8631:
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8496:
8481:
8475:
8474:
8472:
8470:
8455:
8449:
8448:
8446:
8445:
8430:
8424:
8423:
8416:Abrahams, Gerald
8412:
8406:
8405:
8397:
8391:
8390:
8388:
8387:
8373:
8367:
8366:
8355:. New In Chess.
8346:
8340:
8339:
8319:
8313:
8312:
8299:
8293:
8292:
8279:
8273:
8272:
8259:
8253:
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8240:
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8226:
8220:
8213:
8207:
8200:
8194:
8172:
8166:
8165:
8152:
8146:
8144:
8137:
8131:
8130:
8128:
8127:
8114:(16 July 1995).
8108:
8102:
8101:
8088:
8082:
8079:Open chess diary
8075:
8069:
8068:
8050:
8044:
8037:
8031:
8030:
8017:
8011:
8002:
7996:
7995:
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7991:
7976:
7970:
7963:
7957:
7951:
7945:
7938:
7932:
7925:
7919:
7918:
7916:
7915:
7899:
7893:
7886:William Hartston
7883:
7877:
7871:
7865:
7859:
7853:
7852:
7834:
7825:
7824:
7819:
7818:
7812:
7799:
7790:
7784:
7781:
7775:
7768:
7762:
7761:
7760:
7758:
7731:
7725:
7722:
7716:
7715:
7713:
7711:
7697:
7524:
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7517:
7516:
7510:
7509:
7503:
7502:
7496:
7495:
7489:
7488:
7482:
7481:
7476:
7475:
7435:
7302:
7301:
7295:
7294:
7288:
7287:
7281:
7280:
7275:
7274:
7234:
7225:Novelty problems
7213:
7102:
7101:
7095:
7094:
7088:
7087:
7081:
7080:
7074:
7073:
7067:
7066:
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7039:
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7032:
7031:
7025:
7024:
7018:
7017:
7011:
7010:
7005:
7004:
6964:
6960:Armand Lapierre
6918:Vladimir Kramnik
6894:
6862:triangular chess
6851:Wildebeest chess
6846:
6835:Capablanca chess
6756:
6749:
6742:
6735:
6728:
6721:
6714:
6707:
6700:
6693:
6678:
6671:
6664:
6657:
6650:
6643:
6636:
6629:
6622:
6615:
6600:
6593:
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6579:
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6310:
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6288:
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6253:
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6239:
6232:
6225:
6210:
6203:
6196:
6189:
6182:
6175:
6168:
6161:
6154:
6147:
6099:
6085:(second diagram)
5936:
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5851:
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5397:
5391:
5390:
5384:
5383:
5377:
5376:
5371:
5370:
5330:
5324:
5313:castling by hand
5311:, also known as
5194:
5193:
5187:
5186:
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5179:
5173:
5172:
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4016:
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4009:
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4001:
3996:
3995:
3955:
3940:Vladimir Bagirov
3823:
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3808:
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2983:
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2976:
2975:
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2956:
2955:
2915:
2898:Chess historian
2884:
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2255:
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2241:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2213:
2173:
2093:
2086:played in Europe
1974:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1918:
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1911:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1897:
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1890:
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1876:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1834:
1794:
1642:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1476:
1444:
1418:Tournament rules
1230:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1195:
1155:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1014:
974:
868:
867:
861:
860:
854:
853:
847:
846:
840:
839:
834:
833:
793:
687:
686:
680:
679:
673:
672:
666:
665:
659:
658:
653:
652:
612:
606:
589:
574:
503:
491:
479:
349:
348:
342:
341:
335:
334:
328:
327:
321:
320:
314:
313:
308:
307:
267:
161:
160:
154:
153:
147:
146:
140:
139:
133:
132:
126:
125:
119:
118:
112:
111:
105:
104:
98:
97:
92:
91:
51:
45:
21:
10725:
10724:
10720:
10719:
10718:
10716:
10715:
10714:
10685:
10684:
10683:
10678:
10661:
10653:
10563:
10549:Chess libraries
10466:
10370:FIDE Grand Prix
10365:Chess World Cup
10319:
10315:Wrong rook pawn
10253:Lucena position
10190:
10140:
10057:Catalan Opening
10032:English Defence
10017:Budapest Gambit
10003:
9961:Austrian Attack
9845:
9814:English Opening
9776:
9772:School of chess
9755:Minority attack
9687:
9656:Queen sacrifice
9555:
9416:
9412:White and Black
9407:Touch-move rule
9366:Perpetual check
9361:Fifty-move rule
9317:
9153:
9150:
9057:
8927:
8922:
8881:
8856:
8835:
8810:
8787:
8762:
8751:
8739:
8709:
8707:
8690:
8680:Chess Catechism
8669:
8648:
8638:
8634:
8625:
8624:
8620:
8611:
8610:
8606:
8596:
8594:
8586:
8585:
8581:
8571:
8569:
8558:
8554:
8544:
8542:
8534:
8533:
8529:
8519:
8517:
8509:
8508:
8504:
8494:
8492:
8482:
8478:
8468:
8466:
8457:
8456:
8452:
8443:
8441:
8431:
8427:
8413:
8409:
8398:
8394:
8385:
8383:
8375:
8374:
8370:
8363:
8347:
8343:
8336:
8320:
8316:
8301:
8300:
8296:
8281:
8280:
8276:
8261:
8260:
8256:
8248:Edward Lasker,
8247:
8243:
8228:
8227:
8223:
8214:
8210:
8201:
8197:
8173:
8169:
8154:
8153:
8149:
8141:"Chess Records"
8139:
8138:
8134:
8125:
8123:
8109:
8105:
8090:
8089:
8085:
8076:
8072:
8065:
8051:
8047:
8039:Edward Winter,
8038:
8034:
8019:
8018:
8014:
8003:
7999:
7989:
7987:
7977:
7973:
7964:
7960:
7955:H. J. R. Murray
7952:
7948:
7939:
7935:
7926:
7922:
7913:
7911:
7901:
7900:
7896:
7884:
7880:
7872:
7868:
7860:
7856:
7849:
7835:
7828:
7816:
7814:
7810:
7797:
7791:
7787:
7782:
7778:
7769:
7765:
7756:
7754:
7752:
7732:
7728:
7723:
7719:
7709:
7707:
7699:
7698:
7691:
7687:
7663:
7624:
7623:
7622:
7526:
7525:
7518:
7511:
7504:
7497:
7490:
7483:
7473:
7432:
7428:
7402:
7401:
7400:
7304:
7303:
7296:
7289:
7282:
7272:
7231:
7227:
7215:
7202:
7201:
7200:
7104:
7103:
7096:
7089:
7082:
7075:
7068:
7061:
7054:
7047:
7040:
7033:
7026:
7019:
7012:
7002:
6961:
6943:
6931:
6914:
6896:
6848:
6806:
6805:
6804:
6095:
6083:3... Ne7 4. Kg1
6044:
6036:
6035:
6034:
5938:
5937:
5930:
5923:
5916:
5909:
5902:
5895:
5888:
5881:
5874:
5867:
5860:
5853:
5846:
5839:
5832:
5825:
5818:
5811:
5804:
5797:
5790:
5783:
5776:
5769:
5762:
5755:
5748:
5738:
5694:
5693:
5692:
5596:
5595:
5588:
5581:
5574:
5567:
5560:
5553:
5546:
5539:
5532:
5525:
5518:
5511:
5504:
5497:
5490:
5483:
5476:
5469:
5462:
5455:
5448:
5441:
5434:
5427:
5420:
5413:
5406:
5399:
5392:
5385:
5378:
5368:
5321:
5306:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5196:
5195:
5188:
5181:
5174:
5167:
5160:
5153:
5146:
5139:
5132:
5125:
5118:
5111:
5104:
5097:
5090:
5083:
5076:
5069:
5062:
5055:
5048:
5041:
5031:
4990:
4985:
4978:
4969:Albéric O'Kelly
4961:
4960:
4959:
4863:
4862:
4855:
4848:
4841:
4834:
4827:
4820:
4813:
4806:
4799:
4792:
4785:
4778:
4771:
4764:
4757:
4750:
4743:
4736:
4729:
4722:
4715:
4708:
4701:
4694:
4687:
4680:
4673:
4666:
4659:
4649:
4608:
4604:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4473:
4472:
4465:
4458:
4451:
4444:
4437:
4430:
4423:
4416:
4409:
4402:
4395:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4360:
4353:
4343:
4302:
4298:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4172:
4171:
4164:
4157:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4129:
4122:
4115:
4108:
4101:
4094:
4087:
4080:
4073:
4066:
4059:
4052:
4045:
4038:
4031:
4024:
4017:
4010:
4003:
3993:
3952:
3948:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3825:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3803:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3667:
3626:
3622:
3586:
3566:Viktor Korchnoi
3563:
3558:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3434:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3276:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3125:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2977:
2970:
2963:
2953:
2886:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2779:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2621:
2579:
2571:Yugoslav Attack
2548:
2536:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2425:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2211:
2169:
2164:
2146:Aaron Alexandre
2142:Johann Allgaier
2095:
2074:
2073:
2072:
1976:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1832:
1790:
1773:
1765:agree to a draw
1742:
1741:
1740:
1644:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1514:
1473:
1469:
1457:castling rights
1453:
1451:Castling rights
1446:
1430:
1428:Touch-move rule
1420:
1397:Yasser Seirawan
1377:Viktor Korchnoi
1338:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1232:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1193:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1051:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1012:
968:
967:
966:
870:
869:
862:
855:
848:
841:
831:
787:
786:
785:
689:
688:
681:
674:
667:
660:
650:
603:
591:
576:
563:
558:
553:
552:
551:
505:
493:
481:
457:
449:
448:
447:
351:
350:
343:
336:
329:
322:
315:
305:
261:
260:
259:
163:
162:
155:
148:
141:
134:
127:
120:
113:
106:
99:
89:
42:
39:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10723:
10713:
10712:
10710:Rules of chess
10707:
10702:
10697:
10680:
10679:
10677:
10676:
10671:
10658:
10655:
10654:
10652:
10651:
10646:
10641:
10636:
10635:
10634:
10629:
10619:
10618:
10617:
10612:
10607:
10602:
10592:
10590:Chess composer
10587:
10582:
10577:
10571:
10569:
10565:
10564:
10562:
10561:
10556:
10551:
10546:
10545:
10544:
10537:
10532:
10522:
10521:
10520:
10515:
10510:
10505:
10500:
10495:
10485:
10480:
10474:
10472:
10468:
10467:
10465:
10464:
10463:
10462:
10457:
10452:
10447:
10445:North American
10442:
10437:
10429:
10428:
10427:
10422:
10417:
10412:
10407:
10402:
10397:
10392:
10387:
10382:
10374:
10373:
10372:
10367:
10362:
10357:
10347:
10346:
10345:
10338:Chess Olympiad
10335:
10329:
10327:
10321:
10320:
10318:
10317:
10312:
10307:
10302:
10297:
10292:
10291:
10290:
10285:
10280:
10275:
10270:
10262:
10261:
10260:
10255:
10245:
10240:
10235:
10230:
10225:
10220:
10215:
10210:
10204:
10202:
10196:
10195:
10192:
10191:
10189:
10188:
10187:
10186:
10184:Scholar's mate
10181:
10176:
10166:
10161:
10160:
10159:
10148:
10146:
10142:
10141:
10139:
10138:
10133:
10128:
10127:
10126:
10121:
10116:
10111:
10106:
10099:Queen's Gambit
10096:
10091:
10086:
10085:
10084:
10079:
10074:
10069:
10064:
10059:
10054:
10049:
10044:
10042:Benoni Defence
10037:Indian Defence
10034:
10029:
10024:
10019:
10013:
10011:
10005:
10004:
10002:
10001:
10000:
9999:
9994:
9989:
9980:
9970:
9965:
9964:
9963:
9953:
9951:Owen's Defence
9948:
9947:
9946:
9941:
9936:
9931:
9926:
9921:
9916:
9911:
9906:
9901:
9896:
9891:
9881:
9876:
9874:Modern Defence
9871:
9869:French Defence
9866:
9861:
9855:
9853:
9847:
9846:
9844:
9843:
9842:
9841:
9836:
9826:
9821:
9816:
9811:
9806:
9804:Bird's Opening
9801:
9795:
9793:
9784:
9778:
9777:
9775:
9774:
9769:
9764:
9759:
9758:
9757:
9752:
9747:
9742:
9735:Pawn structure
9732:
9727:
9726:
9725:
9715:
9714:
9713:
9703:
9697:
9695:
9689:
9688:
9686:
9685:
9680:
9675:
9670:
9665:
9660:
9659:
9658:
9648:
9643:
9638:
9633:
9628:
9623:
9618:
9613:
9608:
9603:
9598:
9593:
9588:
9583:
9582:
9581:
9579:Alekhine's gun
9571:
9565:
9563:
9557:
9556:
9554:
9553:
9548:
9543:
9538:
9533:
9532:
9531:
9526:
9521:
9516:
9511:
9501:
9496:
9495:
9494:
9492:Half-open file
9484:
9479:
9474:
9469:
9464:
9463:
9462:
9457:
9452:
9447:
9442:
9435:Chess notation
9432:
9426:
9424:
9418:
9417:
9415:
9414:
9409:
9404:
9403:
9402:
9392:
9390:Pawn promotion
9387:
9380:
9379:
9378:
9373:
9368:
9363:
9358:
9348:
9343:
9338:
9333:
9327:
9325:
9319:
9318:
9316:
9315:
9314:
9313:
9308:
9303:
9293:
9291:Women in chess
9288:
9287:
9286:
9281:
9276:
9266:
9261:
9260:
9259:
9254:
9253:
9252:
9247:
9237:
9232:
9231:
9230:
9215:
9214:
9213:
9208:
9203:
9201:Hypermodernism
9198:
9196:Romantic chess
9193:
9191:Lewis chessmen
9188:
9183:
9176:
9163:
9161:
9155:
9154:
9152:
9151:
9142:
9137:
9132:
9131:
9130:
9125:
9120:
9115:
9110:
9105:
9100:
9090:
9089:
9088:
9083:
9078:
9067:
9065:
9059:
9058:
9056:
9055:
9050:
9049:
9048:
9038:
9037:
9036:
9031:
9029:world rankings
9021:
9020:
9019:
9018:
9017:
9007:
8997:
8992:
8987:
8982:
8981:
8980:
8975:
8970:
8965:
8958:Computer chess
8955:
8954:
8953:
8943:
8937:
8935:
8929:
8928:
8921:
8920:
8913:
8906:
8898:
8892:
8891:
8889:Chessgames.com
8880:
8879:External links
8877:
8876:
8875:
8863:Winter, Edward
8859:
8854:
8842:Sunnucks, Anne
8838:
8833:
8817:Schiller, Eric
8813:
8808:
8790:
8785:
8775:Chess Panorama
8765:
8760:
8742:
8737:
8723:Whyld, Kenneth
8715:
8693:
8688:
8672:
8667:
8647:
8646:
8632:
8618:
8604:
8579:
8552:
8527:
8502:
8476:
8465:. 18 July 2021
8450:
8425:
8407:
8392:
8368:
8361:
8341:
8334:
8314:
8308:Chessgames.com
8294:
8288:Chessgames.com
8274:
8268:Chessgames.com
8254:
8241:
8235:Chessgames.com
8221:
8208:
8195:
8167:
8161:Chessgames.com
8147:
8132:
8103:
8097:Chessgames.com
8083:
8070:
8063:
8045:
8032:
8026:Chessgames.com
8012:
7997:
7971:
7958:
7946:
7933:
7920:
7908:Chessgames.com
7894:
7878:
7866:
7854:
7847:
7826:
7785:
7776:
7763:
7750:
7726:
7717:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7662:
7659:
7620:
7617:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7608:
7605:
7602:
7599:
7596:
7593:
7590:
7587:
7586:
7583:
7579:
7578:
7575:
7571:
7570:
7567:
7563:
7562:
7559:
7555:
7554:
7551:
7547:
7546:
7543:
7539:
7538:
7535:
7531:
7530:
7527:
7519:
7512:
7505:
7498:
7491:
7484:
7477:
7471:
7469:
7465:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7456:
7453:
7450:
7447:
7444:
7441:
7438:
7433:
7430:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7417:
7416:
7398:
7395:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7386:
7383:
7380:
7377:
7374:
7371:
7368:
7365:
7364:
7361:
7357:
7356:
7353:
7349:
7348:
7345:
7341:
7340:
7337:
7333:
7332:
7329:
7325:
7324:
7321:
7317:
7316:
7313:
7309:
7308:
7305:
7297:
7290:
7283:
7276:
7270:
7268:
7264:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7255:
7252:
7249:
7246:
7243:
7240:
7237:
7232:
7229:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7198:
7195:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7186:
7183:
7180:
7177:
7174:
7171:
7168:
7165:
7164:
7161:
7157:
7156:
7153:
7149:
7148:
7145:
7141:
7140:
7137:
7133:
7132:
7129:
7125:
7124:
7121:
7117:
7116:
7113:
7109:
7108:
7105:
7097:
7090:
7083:
7076:
7069:
7062:
7055:
7048:
7041:
7034:
7027:
7020:
7013:
7006:
7000:
6998:
6994:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6985:
6982:
6979:
6976:
6973:
6970:
6967:
6962:
6959:
6958:
6942:
6939:
6935:chess problems
6930:
6927:
6913:
6910:
6802:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6788:
6785:
6782:
6779:
6776:
6773:
6770:
6767:
6764:
6761:
6760:
6757:
6750:
6743:
6736:
6729:
6722:
6715:
6708:
6701:
6694:
6687:
6683:
6682:
6679:
6672:
6665:
6658:
6651:
6644:
6637:
6630:
6623:
6616:
6609:
6605:
6604:
6601:
6594:
6587:
6580:
6573:
6566:
6559:
6552:
6545:
6538:
6531:
6527:
6526:
6523:
6516:
6509:
6502:
6495:
6488:
6481:
6474:
6467:
6460:
6453:
6449:
6448:
6445:
6438:
6431:
6424:
6417:
6410:
6403:
6396:
6389:
6382:
6375:
6371:
6370:
6367:
6360:
6353:
6346:
6339:
6332:
6325:
6318:
6311:
6304:
6297:
6293:
6292:
6289:
6282:
6275:
6268:
6261:
6254:
6247:
6240:
6233:
6226:
6219:
6215:
6214:
6211:
6204:
6197:
6190:
6183:
6176:
6169:
6162:
6155:
6148:
6141:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6126:
6123:
6120:
6117:
6114:
6111:
6108:
6105:
6102:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6087:
6086:
6076:
6075:
6061:
6060:
6041:
6040:
6032:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6020:
6017:
6014:
6011:
6008:
6005:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5995:
5991:
5990:
5987:
5983:
5982:
5979:
5975:
5974:
5971:
5967:
5966:
5963:
5959:
5958:
5955:
5951:
5950:
5947:
5943:
5942:
5939:
5931:
5924:
5917:
5910:
5903:
5896:
5889:
5882:
5875:
5868:
5861:
5854:
5847:
5840:
5833:
5826:
5819:
5812:
5805:
5798:
5791:
5784:
5777:
5770:
5763:
5756:
5749:
5742:
5736:
5734:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5721:
5718:
5715:
5712:
5709:
5706:
5703:
5698:
5697:
5695:
5691:White to play
5690:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5678:
5675:
5672:
5669:
5666:
5663:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5653:
5649:
5648:
5645:
5641:
5640:
5637:
5633:
5632:
5629:
5625:
5624:
5621:
5617:
5616:
5613:
5609:
5608:
5605:
5601:
5600:
5597:
5589:
5582:
5575:
5568:
5561:
5554:
5547:
5540:
5533:
5526:
5519:
5512:
5505:
5498:
5491:
5484:
5477:
5470:
5463:
5456:
5449:
5442:
5435:
5428:
5421:
5414:
5407:
5400:
5393:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5366:
5364:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5351:
5348:
5345:
5342:
5339:
5336:
5333:
5328:
5327:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5305:
5302:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5278:
5275:
5272:
5269:
5266:
5263:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5253:
5249:
5248:
5245:
5241:
5240:
5237:
5233:
5232:
5229:
5225:
5224:
5221:
5217:
5216:
5213:
5209:
5208:
5205:
5201:
5200:
5197:
5189:
5182:
5175:
5168:
5161:
5154:
5147:
5140:
5133:
5126:
5119:
5112:
5105:
5098:
5091:
5084:
5077:
5070:
5063:
5056:
5049:
5042:
5035:
5029:
5027:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5014:
5011:
5008:
5005:
5002:
4999:
4996:
4991:
4987:Varna Olympiad
4980:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4945:
4942:
4939:
4936:
4933:
4930:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4920:
4916:
4915:
4912:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4900:
4899:
4896:
4892:
4891:
4888:
4884:
4883:
4880:
4876:
4875:
4872:
4868:
4867:
4864:
4856:
4849:
4842:
4835:
4828:
4821:
4814:
4807:
4800:
4793:
4786:
4779:
4772:
4765:
4758:
4751:
4744:
4737:
4730:
4723:
4716:
4709:
4702:
4695:
4688:
4681:
4674:
4667:
4660:
4653:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4629:
4626:
4623:
4620:
4617:
4614:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4592:
4591:
4575:Lodewijk Prins
4568:White to play
4567:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4546:
4543:
4540:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4530:
4526:
4525:
4522:
4518:
4517:
4514:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4502:
4501:
4498:
4494:
4493:
4490:
4486:
4485:
4482:
4478:
4477:
4474:
4466:
4459:
4452:
4445:
4438:
4431:
4424:
4417:
4410:
4403:
4396:
4389:
4382:
4375:
4368:
4361:
4354:
4347:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4323:
4320:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4229:
4225:
4224:
4221:
4217:
4216:
4213:
4209:
4208:
4205:
4201:
4200:
4197:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4184:
4181:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4165:
4158:
4151:
4144:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4088:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3997:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3861:
3858:
3854:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3585:
3582:
3574:Anatoly Karpov
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3546:back rank mate
3529:Black to play
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3462:
3459:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3236:
3235:
3227:correspondence
3220:White to play
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2913:
2912:
2874:Black to play
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1772:
1769:
1760:
1759:
1746:Anatoly Karpov
1738:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1452:
1449:
1424:Rules of chess
1419:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1368:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1348:
1345:
1335:
1334:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1003:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
972:
971:
969:
964:
961:
960:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
930:
927:
923:
922:
919:
915:
914:
911:
907:
906:
903:
899:
898:
895:
891:
890:
887:
883:
882:
879:
875:
874:
871:
863:
856:
849:
842:
835:
829:
827:
823:
822:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
791:
790:
788:
783:
780:
779:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
749:
746:
742:
741:
738:
734:
733:
730:
726:
725:
722:
718:
717:
714:
710:
709:
706:
702:
701:
698:
694:
693:
690:
682:
675:
668:
661:
654:
648:
646:
642:
641:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
610:
609:
604:
602:
599:
598:
597:
582:
579:short castling
562:
559:
557:
554:
545:
544:
454:
453:
445:
442:
441:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
411:
408:
404:
403:
400:
396:
395:
392:
388:
387:
384:
380:
379:
376:
372:
371:
368:
364:
363:
360:
356:
355:
352:
344:
337:
330:
323:
316:
309:
303:
301:
297:
296:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
265:
264:
262:
257:
254:
253:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
233:
230:
227:
224:
223:
220:
216:
215:
212:
208:
207:
204:
200:
199:
196:
192:
191:
188:
184:
183:
180:
176:
175:
172:
168:
167:
164:
156:
149:
142:
135:
128:
121:
114:
107:
100:
93:
87:
85:
81:
80:
78:
75:
72:
69:
66:
63:
60:
57:
54:
49:
48:
43:
40:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10722:
10711:
10708:
10706:
10703:
10701:
10700:Chess tactics
10698:
10696:
10693:
10692:
10690:
10675:
10672:
10670:
10665:
10660:
10659:
10656:
10650:
10649:Solving chess
10647:
10645:
10642:
10640:
10639:Chess prodigy
10637:
10633:
10630:
10628:
10625:
10624:
10623:
10622:Chess problem
10620:
10616:
10613:
10611:
10608:
10606:
10603:
10601:
10598:
10597:
10596:
10593:
10591:
10588:
10586:
10583:
10581:
10578:
10576:
10573:
10572:
10570:
10566:
10560:
10557:
10555:
10552:
10550:
10547:
10543:
10542:
10538:
10536:
10533:
10531:
10530:opening books
10528:
10527:
10526:
10523:
10519:
10518:short stories
10516:
10514:
10511:
10509:
10506:
10504:
10501:
10499:
10496:
10494:
10491:
10490:
10489:
10486:
10484:
10481:
10479:
10476:
10475:
10473:
10471:Art and media
10469:
10461:
10458:
10456:
10453:
10451:
10448:
10446:
10443:
10441:
10438:
10436:
10433:
10432:
10430:
10426:
10423:
10421:
10418:
10416:
10413:
10411:
10408:
10406:
10403:
10401:
10398:
10396:
10393:
10391:
10388:
10386:
10383:
10381:
10378:
10377:
10375:
10371:
10368:
10366:
10363:
10361:
10358:
10356:
10353:
10352:
10351:
10348:
10344:
10341:
10340:
10339:
10336:
10334:
10331:
10330:
10328:
10326:
10322:
10316:
10313:
10311:
10308:
10306:
10303:
10301:
10298:
10296:
10293:
10289:
10286:
10284:
10283:triangulation
10281:
10279:
10278:Tarrasch rule
10276:
10274:
10271:
10269:
10266:
10265:
10263:
10259:
10256:
10254:
10251:
10250:
10249:
10246:
10244:
10241:
10239:
10238:Queen vs rook
10236:
10234:
10233:Queen vs pawn
10231:
10229:
10226:
10224:
10221:
10219:
10216:
10214:
10211:
10209:
10206:
10205:
10203:
10201:
10197:
10185:
10182:
10180:
10177:
10175:
10172:
10171:
10170:
10167:
10165:
10162:
10158:
10155:
10154:
10153:
10150:
10149:
10147:
10143:
10137:
10134:
10132:
10129:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10107:
10105:
10102:
10101:
10100:
10097:
10095:
10092:
10090:
10089:London System
10087:
10083:
10080:
10078:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10068:
10065:
10063:
10060:
10058:
10055:
10053:
10050:
10048:
10047:Modern Benoni
10045:
10043:
10040:
10039:
10038:
10035:
10033:
10030:
10028:
10027:Dutch Defence
10025:
10023:
10020:
10018:
10015:
10014:
10012:
10010:
10006:
9998:
9995:
9993:
9990:
9988:
9984:
9981:
9979:
9976:
9975:
9974:
9971:
9969:
9966:
9962:
9959:
9958:
9957:
9954:
9952:
9949:
9945:
9942:
9940:
9937:
9935:
9932:
9930:
9927:
9925:
9922:
9920:
9917:
9915:
9912:
9910:
9907:
9905:
9904:King's Gambit
9902:
9900:
9897:
9895:
9892:
9890:
9887:
9886:
9885:
9882:
9880:
9877:
9875:
9872:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9862:
9860:
9857:
9856:
9854:
9852:
9848:
9840:
9837:
9835:
9832:
9831:
9830:
9827:
9825:
9822:
9820:
9819:Grob's Attack
9817:
9815:
9812:
9810:
9809:Dunst Opening
9807:
9805:
9802:
9800:
9799:Benko Opening
9797:
9796:
9794:
9792:
9791:Flank opening
9788:
9785:
9783:
9779:
9773:
9770:
9768:
9765:
9763:
9760:
9756:
9753:
9751:
9748:
9746:
9743:
9741:
9738:
9737:
9736:
9733:
9731:
9728:
9724:
9721:
9720:
9719:
9716:
9712:
9709:
9708:
9707:
9704:
9702:
9699:
9698:
9696:
9694:
9690:
9684:
9681:
9679:
9676:
9674:
9671:
9669:
9666:
9664:
9661:
9657:
9654:
9653:
9652:
9649:
9647:
9644:
9642:
9639:
9637:
9634:
9632:
9629:
9627:
9624:
9622:
9619:
9617:
9614:
9612:
9609:
9607:
9604:
9602:
9599:
9597:
9594:
9592:
9589:
9587:
9584:
9580:
9577:
9576:
9575:
9572:
9570:
9567:
9566:
9564:
9562:
9558:
9552:
9549:
9547:
9546:Transposition
9544:
9542:
9539:
9537:
9534:
9530:
9527:
9525:
9522:
9520:
9517:
9515:
9512:
9510:
9507:
9506:
9505:
9502:
9500:
9497:
9493:
9490:
9489:
9488:
9485:
9483:
9480:
9478:
9475:
9473:
9470:
9468:
9465:
9461:
9458:
9456:
9453:
9451:
9448:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9438:
9437:
9436:
9433:
9431:
9428:
9427:
9425:
9423:
9419:
9413:
9410:
9408:
9405:
9401:
9398:
9397:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9385:
9381:
9377:
9374:
9372:
9369:
9367:
9364:
9362:
9359:
9357:
9354:
9353:
9352:
9349:
9347:
9344:
9342:
9339:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9329:
9328:
9326:
9324:
9320:
9312:
9309:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9299:
9298:
9297:
9296:Chess museums
9294:
9292:
9289:
9285:
9282:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9272:
9271:
9270:
9267:
9265:
9264:Notable games
9262:
9258:
9255:
9251:
9248:
9246:
9243:
9242:
9241:
9238:
9236:
9233:
9229:
9226:
9225:
9224:
9221:
9220:
9219:
9216:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9204:
9202:
9199:
9197:
9194:
9192:
9189:
9187:
9184:
9182:
9181:
9177:
9175:
9174:
9170:
9169:
9168:
9165:
9164:
9162:
9160:
9156:
9149:
9143:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9095:
9094:
9091:
9087:
9084:
9082:
9079:
9077:
9074:
9073:
9072:
9069:
9068:
9066:
9064:
9060:
9054:
9053:World records
9051:
9047:
9044:
9043:
9042:
9039:
9035:
9032:
9030:
9027:
9026:
9025:
9024:Rating system
9022:
9016:
9013:
9012:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9002:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8986:
8983:
8979:
8976:
8974:
8971:
8969:
8966:
8964:
8961:
8960:
8959:
8956:
8952:
8949:
8948:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8938:
8936:
8934:
8930:
8926:
8919:
8914:
8912:
8907:
8905:
8900:
8899:
8896:
8890:
8886:
8883:
8882:
8872:
8868:
8864:
8860:
8857:
8851:
8847:
8843:
8839:
8836:
8830:
8826:
8822:
8818:
8814:
8811:
8805:
8801:
8800:
8795:
8791:
8788:
8786:0-8019-6078-9
8782:
8777:
8776:
8770:
8766:
8763:
8757:
8750:
8749:
8743:
8740:
8738:0-19-280049-3
8734:
8730:
8729:
8724:
8720:
8719:Hooper, David
8716:
8706:
8702:
8698:
8694:
8691:
8689:0-671-20491-2
8685:
8681:
8677:
8673:
8670:
8664:
8660:
8655:
8654:
8653:
8652:
8643:
8642:
8636:
8628:
8622:
8614:
8608:
8593:
8589:
8583:
8567:
8563:
8556:
8541:
8537:
8531:
8516:
8512:
8506:
8491:
8487:
8480:
8464:
8460:
8454:
8440:
8436:
8429:
8421:
8417:
8411:
8404:. p. 74.
8403:
8396:
8382:
8378:
8372:
8364:
8358:
8354:
8353:
8345:
8337:
8331:
8327:
8326:
8318:
8310:
8309:
8304:
8298:
8290:
8289:
8284:
8278:
8270:
8269:
8264:
8258:
8251:
8245:
8237:
8236:
8231:
8225:
8218:
8212:
8205:
8199:
8192:
8188:
8187:Edward Winter
8184:
8180:
8176:
8171:
8163:
8162:
8157:
8151:
8143:. Tim Krabbé.
8142:
8136:
8122:on 2015-10-15
8121:
8117:
8113:
8107:
8099:
8098:
8093:
8087:
8080:
8074:
8066:
8060:
8056:
8049:
8042:
8036:
8028:
8027:
8022:
8016:
8009:
8008:
8001:
7986:
7982:
7975:
7968:
7967:Sunnucks 1970
7962:
7956:
7950:
7943:
7942:Davidson 1981
7937:
7930:
7929:Davidson 1981
7924:
7910:
7909:
7904:
7898:
7891:
7887:
7882:
7875:
7870:
7863:
7858:
7850:
7844:
7840:
7833:
7831:
7823:
7809:
7805:
7804:
7796:
7789:
7780:
7773:
7767:
7753:
7751:9780671701864
7747:
7743:
7739:
7738:
7730:
7721:
7706:
7702:
7696:
7694:
7689:
7682:
7680:
7676:
7672:
7668:
7658:
7656:
7651:
7647:
7644:'s 1985 book
7643:
7639:
7637:
7632:
7629:
7615:
7612:
7609:
7606:
7603:
7600:
7597:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7588:
7584:
7581:
7580:
7576:
7573:
7572:
7568:
7565:
7564:
7560:
7557:
7556:
7552:
7549:
7548:
7544:
7541:
7540:
7536:
7533:
7532:
7528:
7467:
7466:
7463:
7460:
7457:
7454:
7451:
7448:
7445:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7436:
7431:C. Staugaard
7423:
7420:
7415:
7412:
7411:
7410:
7406:
7393:
7390:
7387:
7384:
7381:
7378:
7375:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7366:
7362:
7359:
7358:
7354:
7351:
7350:
7346:
7343:
7342:
7338:
7335:
7334:
7330:
7327:
7326:
7322:
7319:
7318:
7314:
7311:
7310:
7306:
7266:
7265:
7262:
7259:
7256:
7253:
7250:
7247:
7244:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7235:
7222:
7219:
7214:
7207:
7193:
7190:
7187:
7184:
7181:
7178:
7175:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7166:
7162:
7159:
7158:
7154:
7151:
7150:
7146:
7143:
7142:
7138:
7135:
7134:
7130:
7127:
7126:
7122:
7119:
7118:
7114:
7111:
7110:
7106:
6996:
6995:
6992:
6989:
6986:
6983:
6980:
6977:
6974:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6965:
6957:
6955:
6954:
6948:
6938:
6936:
6926:
6924:
6919:
6909:
6907:
6902:
6900:
6895:
6888:
6883:
6881:
6880:
6875:
6871:
6867:
6863:
6859:
6858:masonic chess
6854:
6852:
6847:
6840:
6836:
6831:
6829:
6825:
6822:
6818:
6812:
6810:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6789:
6786:
6783:
6780:
6777:
6774:
6771:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6762:
6758:
6755:
6751:
6748:
6744:
6741:
6737:
6734:
6730:
6727:
6723:
6720:
6716:
6713:
6709:
6706:
6702:
6699:
6695:
6692:
6688:
6685:
6684:
6680:
6677:
6673:
6670:
6666:
6663:
6659:
6656:
6652:
6649:
6645:
6642:
6638:
6635:
6631:
6628:
6624:
6621:
6617:
6614:
6610:
6607:
6606:
6602:
6599:
6595:
6592:
6588:
6585:
6581:
6578:
6574:
6571:
6567:
6564:
6560:
6557:
6553:
6550:
6546:
6543:
6539:
6536:
6532:
6529:
6528:
6524:
6521:
6517:
6514:
6510:
6507:
6503:
6500:
6496:
6493:
6489:
6486:
6482:
6479:
6475:
6472:
6468:
6465:
6461:
6458:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6446:
6443:
6439:
6436:
6432:
6429:
6425:
6422:
6418:
6415:
6411:
6408:
6404:
6401:
6397:
6394:
6390:
6387:
6383:
6380:
6376:
6373:
6372:
6368:
6365:
6361:
6358:
6354:
6351:
6347:
6344:
6340:
6337:
6333:
6330:
6326:
6323:
6319:
6316:
6312:
6309:
6305:
6302:
6298:
6295:
6294:
6290:
6287:
6283:
6280:
6276:
6273:
6269:
6266:
6262:
6259:
6255:
6252:
6248:
6245:
6241:
6238:
6234:
6231:
6227:
6224:
6220:
6217:
6216:
6212:
6209:
6205:
6202:
6198:
6195:
6191:
6188:
6184:
6181:
6177:
6174:
6170:
6167:
6163:
6160:
6156:
6153:
6149:
6146:
6142:
6139:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6127:
6124:
6121:
6118:
6115:
6112:
6109:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6100:
6090:
6084:
6081:
6080:
6079:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6069:
6066:
6059:
6058:
6055:1. Nxe5 Bxf2+
6053:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6039:
6027:
6024:
6021:
6018:
6015:
6012:
6009:
6006:
6003:
6001:
6000:
5996:
5993:
5992:
5988:
5985:
5984:
5980:
5977:
5976:
5972:
5969:
5968:
5964:
5961:
5960:
5956:
5953:
5952:
5948:
5945:
5944:
5940:
5732:
5731:
5728:
5725:
5722:
5719:
5716:
5713:
5710:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5701:
5696:
5685:
5682:
5679:
5676:
5673:
5670:
5667:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5658:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5630:
5627:
5626:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5598:
5362:
5361:
5358:
5355:
5352:
5349:
5346:
5343:
5340:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5331:
5326:
5325:
5316:
5314:
5310:
5301:
5299:
5285:
5282:
5279:
5276:
5273:
5270:
5267:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5258:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5238:
5235:
5234:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5222:
5219:
5218:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5198:
5025:
5024:
5021:
5018:
5015:
5012:
5009:
5006:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4988:
4984:
4973:
4970:
4966:
4952:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4937:
4934:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4865:
4643:
4642:
4639:
4636:
4633:
4630:
4627:
4624:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4599:
4597:
4590:
4589:
4584:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4562:
4559:
4556:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4544:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4337:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4327:
4324:
4321:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4296:Prins vs. Day
4293:
4291:
4287:
4284:with 18.0-0-0
4283:
4279:
4275:
4274:Edward Lasker
4261:
4258:
4255:
4252:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4240:
4237:
4235:
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3927:Yuri Averbakh
3914:
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2901:
2900:Edward Winter
2896:
2894:
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2885:
2883:double attack
2868:
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2138:
2136:
2135:free castling
2130:
2127:
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2023:
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2018:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1999:
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1994:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1826:
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1445:
1443:informal play
1437:
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1425:
1412:
1409:
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1405:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
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1382:
1381:Yuri Averbakh
1378:
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825:
824:
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712:
711:
707:
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703:
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644:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
614:
613:
608:
607:
595:
594:long castling
590:
583:
580:
575:
568:
567:
566:
549:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
519:
517:
513:
509:
504:
497:
492:
484:
480:
473:
469:
465:
462:is a move in
461:
452:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
414:
413:
409:
406:
405:
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299:
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170:
169:
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83:
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79:
76:
73:
70:
67:
64:
61:
58:
55:
53:
52:
47:
46:
37:
30:
19:
10595:Chess engine
10580:Chess boxing
10540:
10310:Wrong bishop
10157:theory table
10131:Torre Attack
10114:Slav Defence
10022:Colle System
9997:Scheveningen
9956:Pirc Defence
9899:Italian Game
9894:Giuoco Piano
9839:Réti Opening
9762:Piece values
9750:Maróczy Bind
9711:the exchange
9701:Compensation
9631:Interference
9621:Double check
9395:Time control
9382:
9356:by agreement
9330:
9284:grandmasters
9228:South Africa
9178:
9171:
9147:Score sheets
9093:Chess pieces
9000:Online chess
8946:Chess titles
8941:Chess theory
8870:
8845:
8820:
8802:, Skyhorse,
8797:
8774:
8747:
8726:
8708:. Retrieved
8704:
8679:
8676:Evans, Larry
8658:
8651:Bibliography
8650:
8649:
8640:
8635:
8621:
8607:
8595:. Retrieved
8591:
8582:
8570:. Retrieved
8566:Die Schwalbe
8565:
8555:
8543:. Retrieved
8539:
8530:
8518:. Retrieved
8514:
8505:
8493:. Retrieved
8489:
8479:
8467:. Retrieved
8462:
8453:
8442:. Retrieved
8438:
8428:
8419:
8410:
8395:
8384:. Retrieved
8380:
8371:
8351:
8344:
8324:
8317:
8306:
8297:
8286:
8277:
8266:
8257:
8249:
8244:
8233:
8224:
8211:
8198:
8190:
8182:
8170:
8159:
8150:
8135:
8124:. Retrieved
8120:the original
8106:
8095:
8086:
8077:Tim Krabbé,
8073:
8054:
8048:
8035:
8024:
8015:
8005:
8000:
7988:. Retrieved
7984:
7974:
7961:
7949:
7936:
7923:
7912:. Retrieved
7906:
7897:
7889:
7881:
7876:, article 4.
7869:
7857:
7838:
7821:
7815:. Retrieved
7803:Chess Review
7801:
7788:
7779:
7766:
7755:, retrieved
7736:
7729:
7720:
7708:. Retrieved
7704:
7678:
7674:
7670:
7666:
7664:
7661:Nomenclature
7654:
7645:
7640:
7633:
7625:
7421:
7418:
7413:
7407:
7403:
7203:
6951:
6944:
6932:
6915:
6903:
6887:losing chess
6884:
6877:
6855:
6832:
6813:
6807:
6088:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6062:
6054:
6045:
6037:
5312:
5308:
5307:
5295:
4981:Fischer vs.
4963:In the 1934
4962:
4593:
4585:
4579:Lawrence Day
4572:
4272:In the game
4271:
3925:In the game
3924:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3599:
3587:
3576:, asked the
3564:
3533:
3233:the knight.
3224:
2903:
2897:
2878:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2555:
2539:
2533:center files
2524:
2149:
2139:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2117:
2109:
2098:
2077:
2075:
1774:
1761:
1756:
1743:
1456:
1454:
1438:
1431:
1393:Richard Réti
1370:
1360:
1339:
1331:
601:Requirements
593:
578:
564:
522:
520:
507:
502:queen's rook
495:
485:
474:on the same
459:
458:
450:
36:Rook (chess)
10525:Chess books
10325:Tournaments
10179:Fool's mate
9944:Vienna Game
9934:Scotch Game
9767:Prophylaxis
9683:Zwischenzug
9668:Undermining
9636:Overloading
9596:Combination
9445:descriptive
9140:Chess table
9135:Chess clock
8951:Grandmaster
8779:, Chilton,
8568:(in German)
8381:chess24.com
8328:. Penguin.
8191:Chess Notes
8183:Chess World
8175:Cecil Purdy
8112:Larry Evans
6899:Grand Chess
3931:Cecil Purdy
3594:Nick Kerins
3572:match with
2078:king's leap
1434:tournaments
1389:Gata Kamsky
1385:Nigel Short
561:Description
523:king's leap
516:descriptive
490:king's rook
10689:Categories
10632:joke chess
10585:Chess club
10273:opposition
9730:Middlegame
9718:Initiative
9641:Pawn storm
9606:Deflection
9477:Key square
9467:Fianchetto
9400:Fast chess
9384:En passant
9076:chessboard
8710:2024-02-07
8562:"P1204776"
8520:7 February
8444:2020-02-05
8386:2023-08-04
8204:Evans 1970
8126:2015-10-21
8081:, item 391
7914:2022-03-25
7848:0713481374
7817:2022-03-03
7757:13 January
7685:References
7642:Tim Krabbé
7216:is 1.0-0-0
6953:en passant
6837:(10×8) or
4282:checkmated
1750:Tony Miles
1422:See also:
510:. In both
506:is called
494:is called
41:Chess move
10615:Stockfish
10605:Deep Blue
10600:AlphaZero
10508:paintings
10300:Tablebase
10264:Strategy
10169:Irregular
9924:Ruy Lopez
9884:Open Game
9651:Sacrifice
9611:Desperado
9514:connected
9487:Open file
9482:King walk
9440:algebraic
9371:Stalemate
9346:Checkmate
9071:Chess set
9063:Equipment
8796:(2012) ,
8661:, McKay,
8490:ChessBase
8439:Chess.com
8007:Kaissiber
7888:notes in
7874:FIDE 2023
7862:Just 2019
7671:rochieren
7628:two-mover
6866:Shafran's
6845:back rank
6824:Wesley So
3568:, in his
3231:unpinning
2908:Gary Lane
588:queenside
584:Castling
569:Castling
512:algebraic
10674:Category
10627:glossary
10288:Zugzwang
10268:fortress
10200:Endgames
10109:Declined
10104:Accepted
9782:Openings
9740:Hedgehog
9706:Exchange
9693:Strategy
9673:Windmill
9524:isolated
9509:backward
9331:Castling
9274:amateurs
9167:Timeline
9041:Variants
8995:Glossary
8978:software
8963:glossary
8819:(2003),
8699:(2023).
8678:(1970),
8597:28 March
8545:28 March
8418:(1948),
7808:Archived
7655:traverse
6906:handicap
6817:Chess960
3935:Adelaide
3556:Examples
3537:Karjakin
2889:Mattison
2167:Strategy
1771:Notation
1363:mnemonic
573:kingside
539:variants
460:Castling
10575:Arbiter
10568:Related
10425:Solving
10415:Amateur
9992:Najdorf
9574:Battery
9561:Tactics
9536:Swindle
9519:doubled
9499:Outpost
9430:Blunder
9245:Armenia
9159:History
9005:Premove
8973:engines
8968:matches
8933:Outline
8572:13 July
8469:27 July
8206::38–39)
7990:13 June
7710:12 July
7679:enroque
7675:rochada
5298:Fischer
4989:, 1962
4983:Najdorf
3578:arbiter
3541:Carlsen
2527:opening
2118:In the
1788:History
531:xiangqi
10513:poetry
10503:novels
10478:Caïssa
10410:Senior
10400:Junior
9983:Dragon
9978:Alapin
9663:Skewer
9529:passed
9472:Gambit
9279:female
9240:Europe
9223:Africa
9118:Knight
9113:Bishop
8852:
8831:
8806:
8783:
8758:
8735:
8686:
8665:
8359:
8332:
8061:
7845:
7748:
7669:(e.g.
6897:, and
6872:, and
6038:
2115:move.
2105:bishop
2082:knight
1332:
535:janggi
533:, and
451:
10460:WCSCC
10405:Youth
10395:Blitz
10390:Rapid
10380:Women
10343:Women
10295:Study
10145:Other
9678:X-ray
9601:Decoy
9586:Block
9541:Tempo
9504:Pawns
9422:Terms
9341:Check
9323:Rules
9257:India
9250:Spain
9235:China
9128:Fairy
9103:Queen
9034:norms
8925:Chess
8752:(PDF)
8495:1 May
8420:Chess
8219::188)
7811:(PDF)
7798:(PDF)
6904:In a
6893:royal
6876:. In
4594:(See
3610:0-0-0
3606:0-0-0
2551:tempo
2101:queen
1352:check
556:Rules
527:shogi
464:chess
10498:film
10455:WCCC
10450:TCEC
10440:CSVN
10385:Team
10355:List
9626:Fork
9551:Trap
9351:Draw
9123:Pawn
9108:Rook
9098:King
9046:List
9015:list
8990:FIDE
8850:ISBN
8829:ISBN
8804:ISBN
8781:ISBN
8756:ISBN
8733:ISBN
8705:FIDE
8697:FIDE
8684:ISBN
8663:ISBN
8599:2022
8574:2022
8547:2022
8522:2023
8497:2022
8471:2021
8357:ISBN
8330:ISBN
8193:9622
8059:ISBN
7992:2023
7969::66)
7944::16)
7931::48)
7843:ISBN
7759:2014
7746:ISBN
7712:2020
7705:FIDE
7667:rukh
7650:FIDE
6868:and
6065:fork
2545:file
2113:pawn
2103:and
2092:rank
1748:and
1426:and
1375:and
514:and
478:rank
472:rook
468:king
10435:CCC
9646:Pin
9450:PGN
8887:at
7212:key
6050:):
4598:.)
4292:.)
3614:0–1
3602:0-0
2565:or
10691::
8869:.
8865:.
8827:,
8721:;
8703:.
8590:.
8564:.
8538:.
8513:.
8488:.
8461:.
8437:.
8379:.
8305:.
8285:.
8265:.
8232:.
8189:,
8181:,
8177:,
8158:.
8094:.
8023:.
7983:.
7905:.
7829:^
7820:.
7800:.
7744:,
7740:,
7703:.
7692:^
7677:,
7673:,
7638:.
6864:,
6860:,
6830:.
6057:?!
3933:,
3552:.
2893:??
2573:.
2137:.
1365::
529:,
9985:/
8917:e
8910:t
8903:v
8873:.
8713:.
8629:.
8615:.
8601:.
8576:.
8549:.
8524:.
8499:.
8473:.
8447:.
8389:.
8365:.
8338:.
8311:.
8291:.
8271:.
8238:.
8215:(
8202:(
8164:.
8129:.
8100:.
8067:.
8029:.
7994:.
7965:(
7940:(
7927:(
7917:.
7851:.
7774:)
7770:(
7714:.
7653:(
7613:h
7610:g
7607:f
7604:e
7601:d
7598:c
7595:b
7592:a
7585:1
7582:1
7577:2
7574:2
7569:3
7566:3
7561:4
7558:4
7553:5
7550:5
7545:6
7542:6
7537:7
7534:7
7529:8
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