Censorship in Indonesia

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used aggressively against the Indonesian nationalists before the war, against the population. Nonetheless, they were occasionally applied, as in 1953 when incendiary political speeches were banned from publication under the old regulations. It was only in 1954 that the 1930s press regulations were actually repealed, and were replaced by new regulations in the 1955 Penal Code which nonetheless drew heavily on their predecessors. For example, ambiguous regulations allowed journalists to be held responsible by local authorities for printing inaccurate facts which could cause public disorder. Another issue was the granting or withholding of resources and support to newspapers depending on their political loyalty; troublesome newspapers were often denied access to bank loans or printing paper. Dutch-language newspapers, of which a handful remained in the early independence era, also suffered unofficial forms of persecution and declined gradually in the first half of the 1950s.

818: 1331:, which had still been refused the right to publish since 1994, resumed publication in October 1998 and revised its editorial style to match the new, more open era. The number of journalists increased rapidly in the country, from an estimated five thousand in 1997 to more than fifteen thousand in 2003, with approximately 1300 news licensed news organizations. Without centralized state censorship, opponents of free expression turned to libel lawsuits and civil court to silence critical coverage. Nonetheless, previously taboo topics such as human rights abuses were now openly covered in the press. The 2002 broadcasting law did put some limits on the free speech of broadcasters, including news broadcasters; it directed them to "maintain and enhance the morality and religious values and national identity" and required television stations to obtain certificates from censors and adhere to their rules. 753: 1025:. The publication of fiction and a rich cultural life continued during this period; however, novelists and writers often self-censored to fit with government regulations and ideology, or else remained quite marginal. As in the colonial era, publishers were required to send two copies of books to government censors within 48 hours of publication, and if they were found to be unfit they could be arbitrarily banned. Topics which were taboo for books or news publications included ethnicity, inter-group relations, politicized religion, the 1945 Indonesian constitution, the family of president Suharto, military activities, and many other thing which could be said to disturb social order. Bans on printed materials, which could be highly arbitrary and without judicial review, would be publicized widely to ensure they were enforced by local authorities. 973:

works which were thought to disrupt public order or work against the Indonesian state. Ownership of banned materials was also covered in this decree, so that academics and writers could fear arrest for mere possession of targeted books. Resurgent anti-Western sentiment, shared by both Sukarno and his allies in the Communist Party, caused censorship and unofficial suppression of Western books, films and music as well. In early 1965, Sukarno also intervened repeatedly on behalf of the communists, closing many anti-communist newspapers and others which were affiliated with anti-communist groups. After that wave of closures the army, fearing a media landscape which was dominated by the communist press, opened new publications of its own, such as

888: 899:, this new era of stricter censorship was enshrined in the political system. Despite this, Indonesia continued to have a vibrant press culture with dozens of newspapers and magazines representing a wide spectrum of viewpoints. In 1959 a Press-Military Contact Bureau was established with the goal of ensuring conformity among editors; and a 1960 presidential regulation banned criticism of the government without a license. Overly critical publications had their circulation or number of pages limited by decree, even if they were allowed to continue operating. The two largest opposition political parties, 965: 843:"Hate-sowing articles" of the late colonial era. Dutch schoolteachers began to be fired in 1956 as well. The situation for the press deteriorated in 1957 after Martial Law was declared, making it one of the worst years for censorship of the entire Sukarno era. In March 1957 the army was given expanded rights to ban newspapers and to imprison journalists or political activists. Local military commanders used this new authority very aggressively and arbitrarily; the army commander in Jakarta temporarily closed almost all of the city's daily papers in September, including 801:) also stated their support for freedom of the press and that they did not want to return to the strict censorship of the 1930s. But during the military occupation in Dutch zones, which included the capital Jakarta, Indonesian journalists and publications were often persecuted and forced to censor their reports, especially on military actions. Some pro-republic journalists fled to rural areas with their presses rather than continue to operate on the Dutch side. Nonetheless, the pro-republican newspapers remained the dominant force even in Dutch-held areas. 1021:. The state claimed to guarantee press freedom and framed closures as being about licensing; and the number of licenses issued to press organizations was limited to 289, meaning that the overall size of the press industry in the country declined to less than half of its pre-1965 size. To publish, newspapers or magazines actually had to secure two difference licenses; one from the Ministry of Information and another from the military security organization 43: 769:

fired, and Indonesians promoted; the Indonesian language replaced Dutch almost immediately across the entire sector. The teaching of European history was banned. Indonesians were also mobilized or forced to support the Japanese effort and many artists and intellectuals were recruited to create propaganda or art that met strict constraints. Films were also censored, including pre-approval of scripts before production.

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associated with the party; 31 newspapers, including the national press agency, were closed down. On the other hand, anti-communist, right-wing, Islamic, and even Liberal newspapers and writers were given more space to publish openly than they had in the Sukarno era. Nonetheless, these remaining publications heavily self-censored and continued to work closely with the military and government.

1128:; this was the first major banning of publications since the 1970s. These closures spurred a surprisingly strong public reaction and international pressure; there were roughly 170 public protests around Indonesia over this matter. The government initially backtracked and promised to reverse the canceling of the licenses, although it did not do so once the public lost interest. 1052:) grew too large and respected for the government to easily close. There were no major periods of press repression in the 1980s, although some individual publications were still punished or closed for printing things the government objected to. The government also continued to be hostile to foreign or domestic scholars who researched or spoke publicly about taboo subjects; 1177:, most forms of official censorship were abolished and there was a rapid expansion of new book publishing and news media. In May 1998, only two weeks after the fall of Suharto, the previous licensing system for the press was drastically simplified; from the previous limit of 289, new licenses were issued for more than 700 new media outlets over the following year. The 749:) was passed in 1931 which gave the Governor General extreme powers to detain, blacklist, censor or imprison editors. In the five years after it was passed, around 27 Indonesian nationalist newspapers were shut down, as well as 5 Dutch ones; whereas previous regulations had targeted journalists, these new ones allowed for the shuttering of publications as well. 1260:). These include history textbooks banned in 2004 and 2007, and a set of five books dealing with the Communist Party, the anti-Communist massacres of the 1960s, or religious minorities, in 2009. The banning of these books has been criticized for their reliance on the 1963 censorship law, which was supposed to be superseded by the Press Law No.40 of 1999. 1348:

protested against the human rights abuses in Papua and West Papua, asking the Indonesian government to release the Papuan political prisoners. A civil lawsuit was filed against 4 student activists following their expulsion from their university. On 13 July 2020, the police charged one of the four students with "treason" and "public provocation."

859:; editors were replaced or fired by government decree, some Dutch journalists who had been military veterans were deported, and editors were arrested by military police. Finally on 1 December 1957 a decree was issued completely banning Dutch-language publications; this affected all the remaining major dailies, including Dutch-owned papers like 739:) which attached criminal consequences to any speech which was deemed to disturb the peace between races; this often included criticism of colonial officials or European rule. The "hate-sowing articles" were often used as the legal pretext to punish native journalists who printed articles critical of wartime policy or political repression. 1111:

The Basic Press Law was revised again in 1982, this time replacing the revolutionary language of the 1960s with new terminology focusing on stability and development. During the 1980s the press continued to be censored, often in order to protect the state and its leaders from being exposed to foreign

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A new Basic Press Law (No. 11) passed in 1966 claimed to affirm freedom of the press, but also explicitly tied journalism to the interests of the state. Following this law, many regulations and ministerial decrees were put in place which gave the government strong powers to suppress or censor almost

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has varied since the country declared its independence in 1945. For most of its history the government of Indonesia has not fully allowed free speech and has censored Western movies, books, films, and music as well. However, partly due to the weakness of the state and cultural factors, it has never

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introduced a law that requires foreign companies to register under the Electronic System Operator list which could give the government access to the citizen's personal info and threaten the company to block access from the country if the company did not register. The law was revised and passed in

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which initially had few forms of official censorship. The rapid turnover in governments during this period, and the general weakness of the new state also made a coherent policy of censorship impossible. There was also a general desire to avoid applying the Dutch legal regulations, which had been

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period which lasted from 1966 to 1998; during that era the total number of news publications were severely limited and could have their licenses pulled for printing materials the government did not like. During that period films and books were also heavily censored, with novelists and journalists

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On 10 June 2020, Human Rights Watch urged the Indonesian authorities to drop all charges against seven Papuan activists and students, who are on trial for their involvement in anti-racism protests last year in August. On 2 December 2019, four students along with the other 50 students, peacefully

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By the early 1970s, the Indonesian press had recovered somewhat despite the strict control and regulations, and included a range of viewpoints including left-wing, conservative, military, religious, and apolitical popular magazines. Some events during this time, such as student demonstrations in

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New regulations continued to be introduced; a 1963 presidential decree by Sukarno (PP. No. 4/1963) also required book publishers to send copies of their book to local prosecutors within 48 hours of publication. The Attorney General was given new centralized powers to criminalize or seize printed

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and civilian police. The European press was completely closed down, and other press was spied on and subject to controls, but the Indonesian nationalist press and politicians were given some room to publish and make speeches. European editors and journalists at ethnically mixed publications were

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Before the Twentieth century, censorship in the Dutch East Indies was mostly focused on the European-language press and books and ensuring that trade or military facts did not fall into the hands of enemy nations, or in protecting the reputation of government officials. Printed matter had to be

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Indonesia inherited a number of strict press censorship laws from their former Dutch rulers which remained on the books until the 1950s. These included potential criminal charges for journalists who disturbed the peace or defamed government officials. During the early independence years and the

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In the 1990s, the final decade of the New Order, the government's repressive policies around film and print materials became increasingly at odds with the expectations of the growing middle class. The government still banned academic works which contradicted official accounts or which made any

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banned a list of seventy books, and the army closed down more than 160 newspapers. The 1963 decree continued to be used to criminalize and censor printed works in the New Order. Any books associated with the Communist Party were soon banned, as well as anything by a list of 87 authors who were

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In 1956 a new period of repression of the press and political repression began. In the fall of that year, the military issued a decree forbidding criticism of any official, or for printing anything which may confuse or agitate the population. The effect of these regulations was similar to the

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The internet is also widely and arbitrarily censored in Indonesia; the Kominfo, which is responsible for it, bans or shuts down websites and services with no due process if they are deemed to be illegal, provocative, or even critical of the government. Reform-era news organizations sometimes

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was also banned for its scenes of nudity and violence. The government was also more careful about book censorship in the second half of the 1990s; a new novel by Pramoedya Ananta Toer was allowed to be sold for several months in 1995 until the Attorney General finally banned it.

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In the 1930s, censorship and political repression, especially of Indonesians, escalated to the point of operating essentially as a police state, with regular intimidation, extralegal detention, and exile of journalists and intellectuals. A new Press Curbing Ordinance

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was also blacklisted until 1991. The academic Slametmuljana also had a book about the history of Islam in Indonesia banned by the government in 1971; because it of its thesis that Islam may have been introduced via China, it was thought to be inflammatory. Likewise

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Books, both fiction and nonfiction, saw a rapid expansion in publication following 1998 and for several years there was very little official, centralized censorship. A large number of new small presses opened in cities with vibrant university presences, including

961:, was banned and he himself was imprisoned without charge for nine months by military authorities. Other academic works were also pressured and censored, as historians and journalists were expected to portray history in a way that matched the official ideology. 1239:. Former leftists or political prisoners who had been imprisoned during the New Order released new memoirs as well. Imported foreign books, and Indonesian translations of Western works, became more commonplace and popular. Even books about taboo topics such as 781:. During this wartime situation, the developing Indonesian state did not have the ability or desire to censor systematically, and they were very aware that Indonesians were experiencing free expression after several years of Japanese repression. The 1945 1090:), published in 1981, was not banned. It was forbidden for Pramoedya's novels to even be reviewed or held by university libraries, and Pramoedya and his publisher were arrested and interrogated. Films were also censored; in 1973 the Japanese film 1033:

in 1974 caused new waves of censorship and repression, with licenses revoked and editors jailed; almost all of the left-wing student newspapers disappeared during this crackdown, and many journalists were blacklisted. Allegations of fraud in the

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which had hit major publishers hard. The novels and nonfiction works of Pramoedya Ananta Toer and other left-wing writers, which had been banned for decades, were published in new editions in the early 2000s. Likewise the novels of

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imprisoned in internment camps. After 1998 and the fall of the New Order, Indonesia has seen a period of liberalization of the press, publishing and filmmaking, although there have still been local efforts to censor some materials.

1389:(the official state ideology of the country). It instituted requirements that protesters receive permission to protest from the police, or else face imprisonment for up to 6 months. It also introduced major restrictions to 717:

inspected by censors before they could be distributed, and presses were often permanently closed by the state, or their publishers were subjected to endless court cases. It was only in the 1910s, with the rise of

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was regularly persecuted by military authorities and had dozens of issues pulled by censors in 1960, other communist publications rose in readership during the same period. Smaller parties such as the

947:, refused to comply with the new system of political control over the press and were shut down; others simply closed of their own accord. Books were also censored; the leftist novelist and historian 3300: 688:, that journalists began to be imprisoned again and editorial policies were forced to be integrated with the interests of the state. That policy of integration and repression continued into the 1268:

Unlike in the book publishing industry, films continued to be censored in the Reform era as regulated by Law No. 33/2009 on Film. Film censorship is conducted by Film Censorship Board under

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criticism. Academic works and foreign books or textbooks continue to be banned as well, especially if they were deemed to contain criticism of the Suharto regime or other banned topics.

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as they did not register under the ministry's new law. The ban was quickly lifted, however, after each company registered under the Electronic System Operator by early August 2022.

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mention of the communist party. One of the most dramatic examples of official censorship of the late New Order period took place in 1994, when the government pulled the licenses of

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were temporarily closed for coverage of student protests. Nonetheless, with an expanding middle class readership and developing economy, some large news organizations (such as

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in 1965, the army immediately took revenge on the Communist Party and anyone remotely associated with them. In November 1965, while Sukarno was still technically in power, the

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self-censor, especially when the topic may impact the business interests of the owner, or when it relates to sensitive political topics such as the independence movement in

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any printed materials it found objectionable, although the Press Council needed to be consulted before newspapers could be banned. Another 1966 law forbade the teaching of

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After the Japanese withdrawal, the former territory of the Dutch East Indies was divided between the Dutch and the Indonesian nationalists during the period known as the

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regime. During this period the trends that had begun in the late 1950s, where the press was forced to closely collaborate with the military, continued to be developed.

3629: 3173:(in Indonesian) (Cet. 1 ed.). Yogyakarta: Pemantau Regulasi dan Regulator Media (PR2Media) bekerja sama dengan Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES). pp. xiii–xix. 810:(Indonesian Republic News) and encouraged its officially-sanctioned contents to be quoted and reprinted in private newspapers, and hired celebrity journalists such as 1375:, a move that was widely condemned by activists and human rights organizations. Before it was passed, the Press Council of Indonesia attempted to convince President 1872:(in Indonesian) (Cet. 1 ed.). Yogyakarta: Pemantau Regulasi dan Regulator Media (PR2Media) bekerja sama dengan Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES). pp. v–xii. 1269: 797:

they established a Censorship Agency limited to the city itself which aspired to control inflammatory broadcasts and publications. Meanwhile, the Dutch side (the

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because of its sympathetic portrayal of communists, were re-released in their original form. A new generation of emancipated fiction writers emerged, including

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Novels published in the 1980s continued to attract the attention of censors. Pramoedya Ananta Toer's anti-colonial epic series Buru Tetralogy, starting with

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in Surabaya. Because the law also affected other "foreign" languages, Chinese and English-language publications now needed a special license to publish.

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was blacklisted from teaching in 1974 for his historical writings, and in the 1980s a book of oral history on the 1948 and 1965 coup attempts written by

817: 4090: 3275: 3222: 1972:"Persvrijheid in discussie Quasi-legerberichten geen "uiting van gedachten". "Het dagblad : uitgave van de Nederlandsche Dagbladpers te Batavia" 855:; only four newspapers were excluded. The Dutch-language press, which had already dwindled in importance, was a major target as punishment over the 785:

guaranteed freedom of expression and assembly, but theoretically the colonial-era censorship laws were still in force. The republic established the

3878: 656: 630: 3326: 3249: 1076:(written while imprisoned in the 1970s and published in 1980), was banned by the Attorney General in 1981, although other similar novels such a 997:

in 1966–67 ushered in a new period of political repression and censorship, especially against leftists, communists, or perceived enemies of the

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were being published, although bookstores selling them were subject to local police raids in the early 2000s. Such raids were banned by the

3898: 761: 752: 831: 3703: 4705: 3829: 3439: 958: 275: 4100: 1251: 957:(overseas Chinese in Indonesia), which defended the Indonesian Chinese and criticized government discrimination at the height of an 4284: 3980: 3958: 798: 4186: 3651: 576: 4032: 3908: 3883: 2942: 2801: 2648: 1639: 1596: 1104: 681: 287: 3621: 2165:

Reeve, David (2009). "13 More Indonesian than the Indonesians". In Sakai, Minako; Banks, Glenn; Walker, John Henry (eds.).

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During the period of liberalization following the fall of the Suharto dictatorship, commonly known by its Indonesian name

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Voluntary participation, state involvement: Indonesian propaganda in the struggle for maintaining independence, 1945-1949

1178: 786: 707: 649: 498: 262: 3868: 3380:"Military Ideology in Response to Democratic Pressure during the Late Suharto Era: Political and Institutional Contexts" 4363: 1360: 3211:[Government Regulation No. 18/2014 on Film Censorship Board] (Government Regulation 18) (in Indonesian). 2014. 208: 4604: 4587: 4176: 4002: 3178: 3148: 3123: 2992: 2967: 2914: 2851: 2826: 2776: 2751: 2723: 2673: 2550: 2363: 2280: 2255: 2212: 2174: 2054: 2022: 1994: 1877: 1796: 1744: 1667: 1559: 1534: 1451: 1423: 1009: 925: 321: 187: 3744: 4700: 4695: 4457: 4368: 4234: 4154: 3997: 1321: 1302: 1244: 581: 452: 167: 4195: 4022: 586: 571: 439: 4412: 4320: 4127: 4059: 3903: 3858: 3822: 1509: 778: 684:

there was a relative lack of censorship; it was only in the second half of the 1950s, during the transition to

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Awaluddin Yusuf, Iwan (2010). "Kata Pengantar - Kebijakan Pelarangan Buku dan Spiral Paradoks Demokrasi".

4269: 4054: 3968: 3918: 1215: 1048: 994: 90: 3301:"Penyebab Kominfo Blokir Steam dan Situs Game Online Lain, Sampai Kapan Pemblokiran serta Apa Solusinya" 4674: 4597: 4500: 4447: 4244: 4181: 4017: 3992: 1133: 931: 473: 345: 225: 221: 2106: 1056:

was blacklisted in the 1970s and was repeatedly expelled from Indonesia during the following decades;

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Zara, Muhammad Yuanda (2016). "CHAPTER 1 State and Revolutionaries: Institutionalizing Propaganda".

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to halt it's enactment. The law reintroduced a ban against insulting the president, vice president,

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to reinstate the four students who were expelled and support academic freedom and free expression.

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By the late 1950s, with the advent of a more centralized and undemocratic political system termed

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been a country with full censorship where no critical voices were able to be printed or voiced.

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Van zachte wenk tot harde hand : persvrijheid en persbreidel in Nederlands-Indië 1906-1942

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Realisten en reactionairen : een geschiedenis van de Indisch-Nederlandse pers 1905-1942

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Realisten en reactionairen : een geschiedenis van de Indisch-Nederlandse pers 1905-1942

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was banned after pressure from the Japanese government, and in 1977 a Dutch-Indonesian film

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Pelarangan buku di Indonesia : sebuah paradoks demokrasi dan kebebasan berekspresi

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Exile : Pramoedya Ananta Toer in conversation with Andre Vltchek and Rossie Indira

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Exile : Pramoedya Ananta Toer in conversation with Andre Vltchek and Rossie Indira

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Pelarangan buku di Indonesia : sebuah paradoks demokrasi dan kebebasan berekspresi

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A Historical Companion to Postcolonial Literatures - Continental Europe and its Empires

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The politics of the periphery in Indonesia : social and geographical perspectives

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Poddar, Prem; Patke, Rajeev; Jensen, Lars (2022). "THE NETHERLANDS AND ITS COLONIES".

1181:, which had been responsible for many forms of censorship, was abolished by President 4669: 4592: 4202: 3893: 3771: 3607: 3587: 3540: 3509: 3489: 3425: 3405: 3353:"Kominfo Pastikan 8 Platform Digital Telah Diblokir: Steam, Epic Games hingga Paypal" 3174: 3144: 3119: 3100: 3088: 3038: 2988: 2963: 2938: 2910: 2879: 2847: 2822: 2797: 2772: 2747: 2719: 2669: 2644: 2604: 2546: 2515: 2459: 2406: 2359: 2340: 2320: 2276: 2251: 2208: 2170: 2050: 2018: 1990: 1921: 1873: 1842: 1792: 1740: 1709: 1663: 1635: 1606: 1592: 1555: 1530: 1505: 1447: 1419: 1368: 1182: 1053: 835: 726: 3069:"Party Politics and the Media in Indonesia: Creating a New Dual Identity for Golkar" 2434:"Beholding a Landmark of Guilt: Pramoedya in the Early 1960s and the Current Regime" 1250:

During the first decade of the Reform-era, some books continued to be banned by the

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was shut down for printing an article about the 1965 coup attempt. In 1994 the film

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Mochtar Lubis, editor of Indonesia Raya, who was repeatedly jailed by the government

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Performing Power: Cultural Hegemony, Identity, and Resistance in Colonial Indonesia

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journalists sued the government and won, although the ruling was overturned by the

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Censorship cartoon from Het nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië 29 July 1922

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Toer, Pramoedya Ananta; Indira, Rossie; Vltchek, Andre (2006). Rao, Nagesh (ed.).

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Toer, Pramoedya Ananta; Indira, Rossie; Vltchek, Andre (2006). Rao, Nagesh (ed.).

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Dilemmas of Third World communism : the destruction of the PKI in Indonesia

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2021. In July 2022, a ban was implemented for several notable websites such as

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in May 2001, but regional governments or authorities continued to censor works.

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Buried histories : the anticommunist massacres of 1965-1966 in Indonesia

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was banned in 1960 its publications also suffered. Other newspapers, such as

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Wormser, C. W. (1941). "HOOFDSTUK 1: DE JEUGD DER HOLLANDSCHE PERS OPJAVA".

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Following the departure of the Dutch from most of Indonesia after the 1949

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Cribb, Robert (1999). "Regime: The New Order". In Emmerson, Donald (ed.).

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was founded as a magazine during this period by anti-communist Catholics.

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which began in 1942, a new kind of strict censorship was enacted by the

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Maters, Mirjam (1998). "II. Perswetgeving en voorlichting 1856–1913".

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In 2020, the Kominfo Director General Semuel Abrijani Pangerapan and

1228: 1223:, which had been in print but heavily self-censored by the publisher 1022: 765: 711: 671: 3791:"Indonesia to ban insults against president under new criminal code" 3764:"In Sweeping Legal Overhaul, Indonesia Outlaws Sex Outside Marriage" 3485: 3440:"LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA NUMBER 32 OF 2002 ON BROADCASTING" 3391: 3209:

Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 18 Tahun 2014 tentang Lembaga Sensor Film

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The Indonesian genocide of 1965 : causes, dynamics and legacies

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Indonesia beyond Suharto : polity, economy, society, transition

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The Indonesian genocide of 1965 : causes, dynamics and legacies

2445: 2392: 1828: 1010:

Minister of Elementary Education and Culture for Technical Education

3708: 3449:. Ministry of Communication and Informatics and Cabinet Secretariat 1327: 1038:

were also strictly censored, and in 1978 some newspapers including

4158: 3197:[Law No. 33/2009 on Film] (Law 33) (in Indonesian). 2009. 2504:"Silenced Voices, Muted Expressions: Indonesian Literature Today" 1240: 1207: 998: 968:

Hoa Kiau di Indonesia, which was banned by the government in 1960

868: 3114:

McGregor, Katharine; Melvin, Jess; Pohlman, Annie, eds. (2018).

2541:

McGregor, Katharine; Melvin, Jess; Pohlman, Annie, eds. (2018).

1446:(in Dutch). Amsterdam: Nijgh & Van Ditmar. pp. 1077–8. 1167:

Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (Indonesia)

2585:"The Industrialization of the Media in Democratizing Indonesia" 1554:(in Dutch). Amsterdam: Nijgh & Van Ditmar. pp. 160–4. 1308: 1281: 1039: 981: 3327:"PayPal Kena Blokir Kominfo Juga, padahal Sudah Terdaftar PSE" 3702:

Arkyasa, Mahinda; Muthiariny, Dewi Elvia (21 November 2022).

3223:"Permenkominfo No.5/2020 Menjadi Ancaman Baru Kebebasan Pers" 1297: 1211: 3276:"Steam, CS, Dota Bisa Lagi Dimainkan di RI, Blokir Dicabut!" 701: 3652:"Indonesia: Reinstate Students Expelled Over Papua Protest" 3169:

Siregar, Amir Effendi (2010). "Menggugat Pelarangan Buku".

1658:

Yamamoto, Nobuto (2019). "7. Persbreidel and Containment".

1108:

was banned; it would not be shown in Indonesia until 2000.

2983:

Mohamad, Goenawan (2012). "Setelah Tempo Tidak Ada Lagi".

2131:(in Dutch). 's-Hertogenbosch. 13 December 1957. p. 5. 1789:

Censorship of Historical Thought: A World Guide, 1945-2000

1214:; the turnover in the industry was also influenced by the 3525:"Indonesia's Media Oligarchy and the "Jokowi Phenomenon"" 2935:

We are playing relatives : a survey of Malay writing

2794:

We are playing relatives : a survey of Malay writing

2641:

We are playing relatives : a survey of Malay writing

2250:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 333. 1626:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 374–5. 1504:. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. pp. 1177–81. 3622:"Indonesia: Drop Case Against Papuan Protest Organizers" 1270:

Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology

1817:"Propaganda Media on Java under the Japanese 1942-1945" 1960:. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam. pp. 32–109. 1437: 1435: 1185:

in 1999, although it was reestablished in 2001 as the

814:

to build public trust in their official publications.

3568:"The media and subnational authoritarianism in Papua" 3113: 2540: 2294: 2292: 1583:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. pp. 77–110. 1342: 3745:"Indonesia: New Criminal Code Disastrous for Rights" 3250:"Netizen Bisa Lega, Paypal Resmi Daftar PSE Kominfo" 2578: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2077:(in Dutch). Amsterdam. 14 September 1957. p. 6. 1495: 1493: 1491: 1489: 1487: 1485: 1483: 1187:

Ministry of Communication and Information Technology

3195:

Undang-undang Nomor 33 tahun 2009 tentang Perfilman

2872:"Representations of "The Nation" in TEMPO Magazine" 2689:JURRIËNS, EDWIN (2009). "3. Media and publicness". 2198: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 1481: 1479: 1477: 1475: 1473: 1471: 1469: 1467: 1465: 1463: 1432: 1263: 3789: 2289: 2113:(in Dutch). Nijmegen. 16 February 1957. p. 1. 1689:(in Dutch). Deventer: W. Van Hoeve. pp. 5–22. 1543: 1254:and the Deputy Attorney General for Intelligence ( 825: 3701: 3138: 2559: 2353: 2235:(in Dutch). Rotterdam. 2 October 1971. p. 4. 1782: 1780: 1778: 1776: 1619: 1418:(in Dutch). Hilversum: Verloren. pp. 36–81. 935:were hit hardest by the wave of repression; when 882: 772: 4687: 2183: 1974:(in Dutch). Batavia . 9 October 1947. p. 2. 1951: 1949: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1774: 1772: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1756: 1460: 1255: 1085: 952: 821:Abdul Rachman broadcasting on Radio Padang, 1948 805: 3725:"Indonesia's new criminal code raises concerns" 3164: 3162: 3160: 3024: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2358:. Chicago, Ill.: Haymarket Books. p. 115. 2089:"Hoofdredacteur van de Nieuwsgier gearresteerd" 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2008: 2006: 1867: 1577:"Chapter 3 Disrupting the Colonial Performance" 1502:Censorship: a world encyclopedia, Volume 2: E-K 631:Internet censorship and surveillance by country 3022: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3006: 3004: 2928: 2926: 2865: 2863: 2129:De Tĳd : godsdienstig-staatkundig dagblad 1910:"the Legacy of Press Suppression in Indonesia" 1653: 1651: 1518: 3823: 3467: 3143:. Chicago, Ill.: Haymarket Books. p. 8. 3118:. Cham: Springer International. p. 291. 3062: 3060: 2737: 2735: 2583:HERYANTO, ARIEL; ADI, STANLEY YOSEPH (2001). 2545:. Cham: Springer International. p. 319. 2298: 2160: 2158: 2156: 1940: 1886: 1861: 1753: 1549: 1441: 1315: 650: 3468:SUWANA, FIONA; SARDINI, NUR HIDAYAT (2022). 3157: 2623: 2478: 2031: 2003: 1693: 1154: 834:, the Indonesian Republic began a period of 762:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies 3001: 2923: 2860: 2582: 2248:The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963 1810: 1808: 1660:Censorship in colonial Indonesia, 1901-1942 1648: 1527:Censorship in colonial Indonesia, 1901-1942 744: 734: 3830: 3816: 3057: 2732: 2153: 2143:"NEDERLANDSE BLADEN IN INDONESIE VERBODEN" 2095:(in Dutch). Medan. 5 July 1957. p. 1. 1676: 988: 657: 643: 3399: 2746:. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. p. 43. 2453: 2400: 2270: 2169:. Singapore: NUS Press. pp. 254–73. 1836: 1407: 804:The republican government also published 702:Dutch East Indies and Japanese occupation 2688: 2643:. Leiden: KITLV Press. pp. 445–50. 2221: 1907: 1814: 1805: 1786: 1657: 1574: 1524: 963: 886: 816: 751: 3565: 3522: 3168: 2982: 2937:. Leiden: KITLV Press. pp. 440–1. 2796:. Leiden: KITLV Press. pp. 426–8. 2501: 2245: 2149:(in Dutch). Amsterdam. 2 December 1957. 1699: 1682: 979:, which was launched in February 1965. 832:Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference 799:Netherlands Indies Civil Administration 4688: 3837: 3723:Lai, Sheany Yasuko (6 December 2022). 3681:Yuniar, Resty Woro (6 December 2022). 3680: 3028: 2869: 1702:"Soeharto and the Japanese Occupation" 1413: 1393:and partially criminalized consensual 1252:Attorney General's Office of Indonesia 793:in September 1945; that same month in 3811: 3377: 3066: 2932: 2791: 2741: 2638: 2202: 2164: 1499: 871:, as well as Indonesian-owned papers 682:Liberal democracy period in Indonesia 2957: 2904: 2841: 2816: 2766: 2713: 2663: 2431: 2044: 2012: 1984: 1955: 1734: 1036:1977 Indonesian legislative election 3761: 3722: 3662:from the original on 23 August 2020 3247: 2378: 1739:. Jakarta: Equinox. pp. 26–7. 1662:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 176–204. 708:Censorship in the Dutch East Indies 13: 3889:French and British era (1806–1816) 2275:. London: Zed Books. p. 121. 1529:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 131–40. 1367:that placed heavy restrictions on 1343:Protests and freedom of expression 917:and affiliated newspapers such as 14: 4717: 4706:Contemporary history of Indonesia 3632:from the original on 17 June 2020 2299:van der Kroef, Justus M. (1960). 1257:Jaksa Agung Muda Bidang Intelijen 3762:Wee, Sui-Lee (6 December 2022). 3273: 3031:"The Indonesian Free Book Press" 2960:The press in New Order Indonesia 2909:. Jakarta: Equinox. p. 40. 2907:The press in New Order Indonesia 2846:. Jakarta: Equinox. p. 37. 2844:The press in New Order Indonesia 2821:. Jakarta: Equinox. p. 36. 2819:The press in New Order Indonesia 2771:. Jakarta: Equinox. p. 35. 2769:The press in New Order Indonesia 2718:. Jakarta: Equinox. p. 15. 2716:The press in New Order Indonesia 2668:. Jakarta: Equinox. p. 34. 2666:The press in New Order Indonesia 2049:. Jakarta: Equinox. p. 30. 2047:The press in New Order Indonesia 2017:. Jakarta: Equinox. p. 28. 2015:The press in New Order Indonesia 1989:. Jakarta: Equinox. p. 27. 1987:The press in New Order Indonesia 1737:The press in New Order Indonesia 1322:Internet censorship in Indonesia 1303:Counter-Strike: Global Offensive 1264:Film, technology and video games 41: 3909:Liberal democracy era (1950–59) 3782: 3755: 3737: 3716: 3695: 3674: 3644: 3614: 3559: 3516: 3461: 3432: 3371: 3345: 3319: 3293: 3267: 3241: 3215: 3201: 3187: 3132: 3107: 2976: 2962:. Jakarta: Equinox. p. 8. 2951: 2898: 2835: 2810: 2785: 2760: 2707: 2682: 2657: 2534: 2425: 2372: 2347: 2264: 2239: 2135: 2117: 2099: 2081: 2063: 1978: 1964: 1728: 1361:People's Representative Council 1098:, which was based on the novel 826:Liberal democracy era (1950–59) 789:and a government radio station 4177:People's Consultative Assembly 3029:García, Michael Nieto (2004). 1613: 1568: 1550:Termorshuizen, Gerard (2011). 1442:Termorshuizen, Gerard (2011). 1383:, government institutions, or 1105:The Year of Living Dangerously 883:Guided Democracy era (1959–66) 779:Indonesian National Revolution 773:War for independence (1945–49) 1: 3919:Transitional period (1965–66) 3904:National Revolution (1945–49) 3899:Japanese occupation (1942–45) 3894:Dutch East Indies (1800–1942) 3359:(in Indonesian). 30 July 2022 3333:(in Indonesian). 30 July 2022 3307:(in Indonesian). 30 July 2022 3229:(in Indonesian). 22 July 2022 2933:Maier, Hendrik M. J. (2004). 2792:Maier, Hendrik M. J. (2004). 2639:Maier, Hendrik M. J. (2004). 2229:"Kompas, Times van Indonesië" 1400: 1161:Post-Suharto era in Indonesia 696: 686:Guided Democracy in Indonesia 993:The fall of Sukarno and the 915:Socialist Party of Indonesia 626:Freedom of speech by country 7: 4285:Water supply and sanitation 3474:Contemporary Southeast Asia 3073:Contemporary Southeast Asia 2589:Contemporary Southeast Asia 2317:10.1525/curh.1960.38.222.88 2301:"Indonesia in the Cold War" 2093:Het nieuwsblad voor Sumatra 1216:1997 Asian financial crisis 995:Transition to the New Order 10: 4722: 3914:Guided Democracy (1959–65) 3879:Portuguese era (1512–1605) 2692:From Monologue to Dialogue 1500:Jones, Derek, ed. (2001). 1319: 1316:Internet and press freedom 1189:(or Kominfo) by President 1164: 1158: 1134:Supreme Court of Indonesia 807:Berita Repoeblik Indonesia 705: 4637: 4551: 4486: 4344: 4306: 4297: 4225: 4216: 4081: 4072: 4028:Provincial highest points 3949: 3940: 3849: 3553:10.5728/indonesia.99.0029 3537:10.5728/indonesia.99.0029 3274:Dewi, Intan Rakhmayanti. 2695:. Brill. pp. 25–48. 2502:McGlynn, John H. (2000). 1908:Goralski, Robert (1961). 1787:de Baets, Antoon (2002). 1632:10.1515/9780748630271-014 1575:der Meer, Arnout (2021). 1525:Yamamoto, Nobuto (2019). 1155:Reform era (1998–present) 783:Constitution of Indonesia 4086:Administrative divisions 3688:South China Morning Post 3572:South East Asia Research 2271:Törnquist, Olle (1984). 2246:Hindley, Donald (1964). 1359:On 6 December 2022, the 1196: 791:Radio Republik Indonesia 4701:Mass media in Indonesia 4696:Censorship in Indonesia 3248:Bestari, Novina Putri. 2958:Hill, David T. (1994). 2905:Hill, David T. (1994). 2842:Hill, David T. (1994). 2817:Hill, David T. (1994). 2767:Hill, David T. (1994). 2714:Hill, David T. (1994). 2664:Hill, David T. (1994). 2045:Hill, David T. (1994). 2013:Hill, David T. (1994). 1985:Hill, David T. (1994). 1815:Kurasawa, Aiko (1987). 1735:Hill, David T. (1994). 1700:Jenkins, David (2009). 1395:sex outside of marriage 1179:Ministry of Information 989:New Order era (1966–98) 857:West New Guinea dispute 787:Ministry of Information 4260:Science and technology 4101:Regencies & Cities 3584:10.5367/sear.2015.0274 3566:Tapsell, Ross (2015). 3523:Tapsell, Ross (2015). 2870:Steele, Janet (2003). 2701:10.1163/j.ctt1w76wk2.5 1352:urged the Indonesia's 1256: 1142:Gadjah Mada University 1086: 969: 953: 892: 822: 806: 757: 745: 735: 719:Indonesian nationalism 3869:Hinduism-Buddhism era 1686:Journalistiek op Java 1191:Megawati Sukarnoputri 1074:This Earth of Mankind 1006:30 September Movement 1004:Following the failed 967: 959:anti-Chinese campaign 954:Hoa Kiau di Indonesia 949:Pramoedya Ananta Toer 890: 820: 755: 746:Persbreidelordonnatie 34:Censorship by country 4003:Environmental issues 3067:Tomsa, Dirk (2007). 2203:Roosa, John (2020). 2147:Algemeen Handelsblad 1300:, and games such as 1087:Burung-burung Manyar 577:United Arab Emirates 3924:New Order (1966–98) 3884:VOC era (1603–1800) 3378:Honna, Jun (1999). 1791:. pp. 278–89. 1365:a new criminal code 1363:unanimously passed 1245:Ministry of Justice 226:Democratic Republic 4270:Telecommunications 3981:Biosphere reserves 3800:. 6 December 2022. 3768:The New York Times 3751:. 8 December 2022. 3749:Human Rights Watch 3656:Human Rights Watch 3626:Human Rights Watch 2985:Catatan Pinggir 04 2432:Abel, Ben (1997). 2379:Liu, Hong (1996). 2111:Nijmeegsch dagblad 1589:10.1353/book.83155 1354:Khairun University 1350:Human Rights Watch 1078:Y. B. Mangunwijaya 970: 893: 823: 758: 736:Haatzaai artikelen 4683: 4682: 4633: 4632: 4321:Human trafficking 4293: 4292: 4212: 4211: 4203:Wawasan Nusantara 4187:Political parties 4128:Foreign relations 4068: 4067: 3658:. 6 August 2020. 2944:978-90-67-18217-1 2803:978-90-67-18217-1 2650:978-90-67-18217-1 1641:978-0-7486-3027-1 1598:978-1-5017-5859-1 1369:freedom of speech 1183:Abdurrahman Wahid 1054:Benedict Anderson 836:Liberal democracy 667: 666: 263:Dutch East Indies 4713: 4653: 4646: 4304: 4303: 4223: 4222: 4165:National capital 4079: 4078: 3947: 3946: 3832: 3825: 3818: 3809: 3808: 3802: 3801: 3793: 3786: 3780: 3779: 3759: 3753: 3752: 3741: 3735: 3734: 3720: 3714: 3713: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3678: 3672: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3648: 3642: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3628:. 10 June 2020. 3618: 3612: 3611: 3563: 3557: 3556: 3520: 3514: 3513: 3465: 3459: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3444: 3436: 3430: 3429: 3403: 3375: 3369: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3349: 3343: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3323: 3317: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3297: 3291: 3290: 3288: 3287: 3271: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3261: 3245: 3239: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3219: 3213: 3212: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3191: 3185: 3184: 3166: 3155: 3154: 3136: 3130: 3129: 3111: 3105: 3104: 3064: 3055: 3054: 3026: 2999: 2998: 2980: 2974: 2973: 2955: 2949: 2948: 2930: 2921: 2920: 2902: 2896: 2895: 2867: 2858: 2857: 2839: 2833: 2832: 2814: 2808: 2807: 2789: 2783: 2782: 2764: 2758: 2757: 2739: 2730: 2729: 2711: 2705: 2704: 2686: 2680: 2679: 2661: 2655: 2654: 2636: 2621: 2620: 2580: 2557: 2556: 2538: 2532: 2531: 2499: 2476: 2475: 2457: 2429: 2423: 2422: 2404: 2376: 2370: 2369: 2351: 2345: 2344: 2296: 2287: 2286: 2268: 2262: 2261: 2243: 2237: 2236: 2225: 2219: 2218: 2200: 2181: 2180: 2162: 2151: 2150: 2139: 2133: 2132: 2121: 2115: 2114: 2103: 2097: 2096: 2085: 2079: 2078: 2067: 2061: 2060: 2042: 2029: 2028: 2010: 2001: 2000: 1982: 1976: 1975: 1968: 1962: 1961: 1953: 1938: 1937: 1905: 1884: 1883: 1865: 1859: 1858: 1840: 1812: 1803: 1802: 1784: 1751: 1750: 1732: 1726: 1725: 1697: 1691: 1690: 1680: 1674: 1673: 1655: 1646: 1645: 1617: 1611: 1610: 1572: 1566: 1565: 1547: 1541: 1540: 1522: 1516: 1515: 1497: 1458: 1457: 1439: 1430: 1429: 1411: 1373:right to protest 1259: 1237:Djenar Maesa Ayu 1147:Schindler's List 1096:Saija dan Adinda 1089: 1067:Siauw Giok Tjhan 1019:Marxism–Leninism 956: 897:Guided Democracy 809: 748: 738: 659: 652: 645: 528: 460: 442: 419: 325: 307: 279: 266: 233: 230:Federal Republic 212: 154: 52: 45: 35: 25: 18: 17: 4721: 4720: 4716: 4715: 4714: 4712: 4711: 4710: 4686: 4685: 4684: 4679: 4656: 4649: 4642: 4629: 4620:Personification 4547: 4482: 4463:Public holidays 4448:National heroes 4340: 4289: 4208: 4064: 4033:Natural history 3936: 3874:Spread of Islam 3845: 3836: 3806: 3805: 3797:Financial Times 3788: 3787: 3783: 3760: 3756: 3743: 3742: 3738: 3721: 3717: 3700: 3696: 3679: 3675: 3665: 3663: 3650: 3649: 3645: 3635: 3633: 3620: 3619: 3615: 3564: 3560: 3521: 3517: 3486:10.1355/cs44-1b 3466: 3462: 3452: 3450: 3442: 3438: 3437: 3433: 3392:10.2307/3351378 3376: 3372: 3362: 3360: 3351: 3350: 3346: 3336: 3334: 3325: 3324: 3320: 3310: 3308: 3299: 3298: 3294: 3285: 3283: 3282:(in Indonesian) 3272: 3268: 3259: 3257: 3256:(in Indonesian) 3246: 3242: 3232: 3230: 3221: 3220: 3216: 3207: 3206: 3202: 3193: 3192: 3188: 3181: 3167: 3158: 3151: 3137: 3133: 3126: 3112: 3108: 3085:10.1355/CS29-1D 3065: 3058: 3037:(78): 121–145. 3027: 3002: 2995: 2981: 2977: 2970: 2956: 2952: 2945: 2931: 2924: 2917: 2903: 2899: 2878:(76): 127–145. 2868: 2861: 2854: 2840: 2836: 2829: 2815: 2811: 2804: 2790: 2786: 2779: 2765: 2761: 2754: 2740: 2733: 2726: 2712: 2708: 2687: 2683: 2676: 2662: 2658: 2651: 2637: 2624: 2601:10.1355/CS23-2H 2581: 2560: 2553: 2539: 2535: 2500: 2479: 2446:10.2307/3351433 2430: 2426: 2393:10.2307/3351366 2387:(61): 119–143. 2377: 2373: 2366: 2352: 2348: 2305:Current History 2297: 2290: 2283: 2269: 2265: 2258: 2244: 2240: 2233:NRC Handelsblad 2227: 2226: 2222: 2215: 2201: 2184: 2177: 2163: 2154: 2141: 2140: 2136: 2123: 2122: 2118: 2105: 2104: 2100: 2087: 2086: 2082: 2069: 2068: 2064: 2057: 2043: 2032: 2025: 2011: 2004: 1997: 1983: 1979: 1970: 1969: 1965: 1954: 1941: 1906: 1887: 1880: 1866: 1862: 1829:10.2307/3351221 1813: 1806: 1799: 1785: 1754: 1747: 1733: 1729: 1698: 1694: 1681: 1677: 1670: 1656: 1649: 1642: 1618: 1614: 1599: 1573: 1569: 1562: 1548: 1544: 1537: 1523: 1519: 1512: 1498: 1461: 1454: 1440: 1433: 1426: 1412: 1408: 1403: 1391:abortion rights 1381:Indonesian flag 1345: 1324: 1318: 1277:Johnny G. Plate 1266: 1199: 1169: 1163: 1157: 1082:The Weaverbirds 1031:Malari incident 991: 905:Communist Party 885: 875:in Jakarta and 865:De Preangerbode 863:in Jakarta and 828: 775: 714: 706:Main articles: 704: 699: 663: 613: 612: 611: 522: 521: 451: 449: 437: 436: 414: 413: 322:Empire of Japan 319: 318: 301: 300: 273: 272: 260: 259: 219: 218: 206: 205: 144: 143: 60: 50: 33: 23: 12: 11: 5: 4719: 4709: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4681: 4680: 4678: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4655: 4654: 4647: 4639: 4638: 4635: 4634: 4631: 4630: 4628: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4605:Floral emblems 4602: 4601: 4600: 4590: 4588:Faunal emblems 4585: 4584: 4583: 4578: 4568: 4563: 4557: 4555: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4514: 4513: 4503: 4498: 4492: 4490: 4484: 4483: 4481: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4379: 4378: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4350: 4348: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 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930: 924: 918: 908: 894: 876: 872: 861:De Java-bode 860: 848: 841: 829: 803: 776: 759: 741: 725:but also in 715: 678: 669: 668: 499:South Africa 474:Saudi Arabia 457:Soviet Union 256: 15: 4598:Subdivision 4581:Subdivision 4543:LGBT rights 4478:Video games 4230:Agriculture 4148:Enforcement 3998:Earthquakes 3864:Prehistoric 2075:De waarheid 1914:SAIS Review 1377:Joko Widodo 1206:, Jakarta, 1063:Deliar Noer 926:Star Weekly 760:During the 514:South Sudan 509:South Korea 406:Philippines 386:North Korea 371:New Zealand 304:World War I 188:El Salvador 4690:Categories 4576:Historical 4511:Healthcare 4458:Properties 4423:Literature 4375:Rumah adat 4235:Automotive 4143:Censorship 4091:Historical 3453:6 November 3401:1813/54173 3286:2023-05-17 3260:2023-05-17 2455:1813/54127 2402:1813/54077 1838:1813/53875 1511:1579581358 1401:References 1286:Epic Games 1204:Yogyakarta 1165:See also: 795:Yogyakarta 697:Background 504:South Asia 101:Bangladesh 91:Azerbaijan 4615:Nusantara 4523:Languages 4496:Education 4443:Mythology 4413:Festivals 4280:Transport 4192:President 4171:Pancasila 4123:Elections 4106:Districts 4096:Provinces 4060:Volcanoes 4023:Mountains 3942:Geography 3930:Reformasi 3839:Indonesia 3776:0362-4331 3730:Arab News 3608:148198788 3592:0967-828X 3545:0019-7289 3529:Indonesia 3510:256864262 3494:0129-797X 3426:155697523 3410:0019-7289 3384:Indonesia 3305:beritadiy 3101:221152438 3093:0129-797X 3043:0019-7289 3035:Indonesia 2884:0019-7289 2876:Indonesia 2609:0129-797X 2520:1045-7909 2464:0019-7289 2438:Indonesia 2411:0019-7289 2385:Indonesia 2341:249702674 2325:0011-3530 1926:0036-0775 1847:0019-7289 1821:Indonesia 1714:0019-7289 1706:Indonesia 1607:243420926 1386:Pancasila 1229:Ayu Utami 1174:Reformasi 1023:Kopkamtib 766:Kenpeitai 712:Kenpeitai 690:New Order 672:Indonesia 592:Venezuela 532:Sri Lanka 525:Francoist 484:Singapore 440:Communist 417:Communist 376:Nicaragua 257:Indonesia 242:Guatemala 147:Hong Kong 81:Australia 51:Countries 4660:Category 4533:Refugees 4528:Religion 4453:Painting 4364:Colonial 4311:Abortion 4240:Aviation 4155:Military 4074:Politics 3859:Timeline 3843:articles 3709:Tempo.co 3666:6 August 3660:Archived 3630:Archived 3600:26372002 3502:27130807 2617:25798549 2333:45310398 1934:45348853 1722:40376486 1371:and the 1225:Gramedia 903:and the 727:Javanese 618:See also 607:Zimbabwe 552:Thailand 424:Portugal 396:Paraguay 391:Pakistan 346:Maldives 341:Malaysia 247:Honduras 151:overseas 126:Cambodia 24:a series 21:Part of 4670:Gallery 4644:Outline 4566:Costume 4553:Symbols 4473:Theatre 4418:Legends 4403:Cuisine 4398:Costume 4369:Mosques 4346:Culture 4336:Smoking 4299:Society 4275:Tourism 4255:History 4218:Economy 4159:Babinsa 4113:Cabinet 4050:Regions 4013:Islands 4008:Geology 3964:Climate 3954:Borders 3851:History 3636:10 June 3447:Kominfo 3418:3351378 3363:30 July 3337:30 July 3311:30 July 3233:22 July 3051:3351290 2892:3351351 2528:4229817 2472:3351433 2419:3351366 1855:3351221 1241:Marxism 1208:Bandung 1138:Sintesa 1092:Romusha 999:Suharto 945:Pedoman 937:Masyumi 920:Keng Po 869:Bandung 849:Pedoman 731:Chinese 597:Vietnam 572:Ukraine 557:Tunisia 489:Somalia 434:Romania 381:Nigeria 361:Myanmar 356:Morocco 311:Jamaica 288:Ireland 276:Islamic 216:Germany 198:Finland 193:Eritrea 178:Ecuador 173:Denmark 158:Croatia 116:Bolivia 106:Belarus 96:Bahrain 86:Austria 76:Armenia 71:Algeria 66:Albania 4665:Portal 4571:Emblem 4561:Anthem 4506:Health 4393:Cinema 4326:Piracy 4250:Energy 4182:Police 4055:Rivers 3959:Cities 3841: 3774: 3606: 3598: 3590: 3551: 3543: 3508: 3500: 3492: 3424: 3416: 3408: 3357:Kompas 3331:Kompas 3177: 3147: 3122: 3099: 3091: 3049: 3041: 2991: 2966: 2941: 2913: 2890: 2882: 2850: 2825: 2800: 2775: 2750: 2722: 2699: 2672: 2647: 2615: 2607: 2549: 2526: 2518: 2470: 2462: 2417: 2409: 2362: 2339: 2331: 2323: 2279: 2254: 2211: 2173: 2053: 2021: 1993: 1932: 1924: 1876: 1853: 1845: 1795: 1743: 1720: 1712: 1666: 1638: 1605: 1595: 1558: 1533: 1508: 1450: 1422: 1309:Dota 2 1296:, and 1294:Origin 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