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re-recorded to say that the officers were "suspected of using excessive force". TVB director Keith Yuen questioned what grounds lead the footage to say "officers dragged him to a dark corner, and punched and kicked him"? The assistant supervisor of the news-gathering team responsible for the footage was immediately demoted to Chief
Researcher, a post with only a part-time subordinate. Many journalists expressed their dissatisfaction with the handling of the broadcast, and some 80 TVB staff from all departments objecting to the handling sent a petition to management. After several of its reporters were assaulted by activists attending a pro-Beijing rally, over 340 station employees put their names to a petition condemning the violence. A director of production in the non-drama department ordered all petitioners to a meeting with their supervisors, where the employees were asked to remove their signature or jeopardise their year end bonuses. In March 2015, Luk Hon-tak, former director-general of the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB), became the managing editor of TVB News in charge of political news stories. However, in 2015, the video, entitled "Suspected Police Brutality Against Occupy Central Movement's Protester", was declared the Best TV news item at the 55th Monte Carlo TV Festival; it was praised for its "comprehensive, objective and professional" report. It also won a prize at the Edward E. Murrow Awards in the Hard News category.
772:) commented on self-censorship due to growing business ties between Beijing and media owners, asserting that "Now, more than half of Hong Kong media bosses or high media management have been absorbed by the Communist government... They may consider whether reporting on some issues will affect the relationship between their bosses and the government." That year, Hong Kong's ranking on the Press Freedom Index dropped twenty places to 54th place. In a report published alongside the index, it was noted that "arrests, assaults and harassment worsened working conditions for journalists to an extent not seen previously, a sign of a worrying change in government policy." Hong Kong's ranking in the index, which stood at 61st in 2014, gave up nine further places in the 2015 report. "Police misconduct" was cited as a factor. Journalists have complained about sensitive news stories critical of the government that they have been under undisguised pressure to change or soften. PEN Center believes that the controversy surrounding
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1234:. It won two awards in Hong Kong. She tried to discover the owners of a few vehicles suspected of supplied weapons to the attackers who launched an indiscriminate attack on scores of people. She checked a box to declare that the vehicle registration searches were for "other traffic and transport related matters". Other options available when accessing the database are "legal proceedings" and "sale and purchase of vehicle". Previously, however, journalists had been able to declare that their searches were for "other purposes". Choy was arrested on 3 November 2020, and her home in
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51:
955:, who denied political motivations. However, a former media executive said that it was "an open secret" that media operators are under considerable political pressure at the time of licence renewal, and some outspoken programme hosts disliked by the government are made to leave. On 12 February 2014, CRHK announced immediate termination of Li's employment contract, refusing to make any comment on the matter.
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its premises fire-bombed. Its support of the
Umbrella Revolution earned it unprecedented cyber-attacks; copies of its paper have been spoilt by masked thugs. It suffered a physical blockade which disrupted its logistics for almost one week. On 17 June 2021, its headquarter was raided, the assets were frozen and six executives were arrested. The paper announced its closure on 23 June.
1314:) to assess their contents' compliance with the law. Joshua Wong — whose writings have been among those targeted by these actions – argued that the bill had imposed a "mainland-style censorship regime" on Hong Kong. As a voluntary measure to avoid the use of anti-government subversions made illegal by the law, some protesters began to use deliberately blank signs as a symbol.
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journalist Victor Mallet chaired the session. The event was opposed by the governments of China and Hong Kong, because the issue of independence supposedly crossed one of the "bottom lines" on national sovereignty. Upon returning to Hong Kong after a visit to
Bangkok, Mallet was denied a working visa
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Observers have noted a trend of decreasing press freedom in the territory, including physical attacks on journalists, acts targeted at liberal media and against their owners, withdrawal of advertising revenues, and appointment of compliant pro-Beijing chief editors. The decline in Hong Kong's ranking
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In March 2015, Up
Publications, a small independent publishing house, complained that it was suddenly and unexpectedly faced with a large and unexplained number of returns from the three main subsidiaries of Beijing-friendly Sino United Publishing. Twenty titles were affected by the returns, to the
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and threatened to initiate a mass boycott of the company's sportswear. The complainant explained that "689 is the code of the current CE of HKSAR well understood by HK people. D7 has the similar phonics in
Cantonese as the 'F***' word". The company declared its political neutrality, and deleted the
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In
December 2015, a fifth member of the company, Lee Bo, also mysteriously vanished. He was last seen at his warehouse in Chai Wan in the early evening, preparing an order he had received for several books. Lee Bo's wife later received a telephone call from him from a telephone number in Shenzhen,
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Mighty
Current, a company that publishes politically sensitive books – those critical of mainland leaders and discloses their personal secrets – and sells them at a bookstore named Causeway Bay Books, was marred by near-simultaneous disappearance in October 2015 of four people linked to it. Two of
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The
Democratic Party saw a consignment of novelty toilet paper confiscated without reason by mainland customs. Various types of paper tissue, including 7,600 toilet rolls and 20,000 packets of tissue bearing likeness of CY Leung and destined for sale at a New Year's market were seized in Shenzhen.
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has been under sustained pressure. In 1997, reporters were denied permission to cover a Hong Kong reception organised by the
Chinese Foreign Ministry due to their history of criticising China. It has been subjected to advertising boycotts, its reporters have been assaulted, its owner attacked, and
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on 7 June 2012. Wang reportedly reversed the decision to run a full story, and instead published a two-paragraph report inside the paper; other news media reported it prominently. A senior staff member who sought to understand the decision circulated the resulting email exchanges, that indicate he
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were dismissed. Since 1997, there have been numerous departures of China-desk staff, namely 2000–01 editorial pages editor Danny
Gittings, Beijing correspondent Jasper Becker; China pages editor Willy Lam departed after his reporting had been publicly criticised by Robert Kuok. Gittings complained
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were seriously under-reported in some media outlets. An increasing incidence of physical violence against journalists has been recorded, with the police being implicated in some of these, namely the Hong Kong Journalists Association noted that there were at least 28 attacks on journalists covering
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has the authority to control the dissemination of online content where there is "reasonable grounds" that there is a threat to national security, including compelling service providers to cooperate in investigations (including providing access to IP addresses or mobile phone numbers of users, and
756:. Although pro-RTHK commentators saw Xu's comments as coming from Beijing, Central Government representatives distanced themselves from his comments. In 2001, the HKJA expressed concerns that government's and Tung Chee-hwa's "shrill rhetoric threatens open debate by encouraging self-censorship".
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was 18th in 2002. Since then, a number of factors, particularly self-censorship, and high-profile incidents affecting the media have pointed to increasing erosion of journalists' ability to report the news in an objective manner. In 2011, Hong Kong Journalists Association Chairwoman Mak Yin-ting
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Before 1997, colonial HK was not free from British colonial film censorship. Censors changed their strategy in the 1970s and 80s from suppressing mainland Chinese films representing revolutionary China during the Cold War to inhibiting films that might offend China from screening in Hong Kong.
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Mallet's visa rejection was widely seen to be retribution for his role in chairing the Andy Chan talk which the FCC refused to call off. The Hong Kong Journalists Association, which has for years lived under the pressure of self-censorship, immediately warned of the "death knell of freedom of
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Gui Minhai, the first man to disappear, was ostensibly set free on 17 October 2017. On 19 January 2018, Gui was pulled from the train by a group of plainclothes men. In early February, Gui again appeared in a second confession before reporters from pro-establishment news outlets including the
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had received complaints about its coverage from central government's liaison office, and condemned the "open violation" of the one-country two-systems principle. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) confirmed these allegations and expressed its concern. Johnny Lau, who authored a
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and earned it the portmanteau "CCTVB". During the 2014 protests, TVB's broadcast of footage of seven police officers beating a protester on 15 October resulted in significant internal conflict during the broadcast. The pre-dawn broadcasts soundtrack which mentioned "punching and kicking" was
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that they overwhelmingly did not hesitate to publish criticisms of China, and that actual instances of direct pressure from the Chinese government to change news were very rare. Since the handover, Hong Kong newspapers (and especially English-language media) have increased their use of a
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posted an image of a facsimile runner's identification tag bearing the number "D7689" onto its Facebook page. One supporter of the Loving Hong Kong movement objected to the number, writing to the global CEO of the manufacturer saying that it was disrespectful to chief executive
935:, in which he opined that neither Tang nor Leung were worthy of support nor sympathy, saw his piece changed to endorse Leung. Ngai Kai-kwong, editor-in-chief of the journal, who denied censorship or pressure from the liaison office, instead blamed "carelessness" in editing.
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for publishing an essay within a recent issue in which Leung said "Hong Kong should find a way to self-reliance and self-determination". He objected to it on the grounds that "the statements, the remarks, are not in line with our constitutional status"; a book entitled
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post. Lampooning the complaint, members of the public scoured the city and found many examples of innocent occurrences of the irreverent number. MTR staff were warned after one such example found, of a carriage bearing the "D689" marking, posted to their unofficial
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to rally support behind CY Leung, but said reports have been creating discomfort for officials. Albert Ho relayed complaints he has received about attempts by the Liaison Office to intimidate editors and media bosses. Media widely reported that
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in Jilin; the paper has since stepped up coverage of the death and aftermath as major news stories. Reporter Paul Mooney, whose contract with the paper was not renewed in May 2012, said that the Li Wangyang story was not an isolated incident.
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was granted the authority to compel cooperation or the removal of content by service providers if deemed a threat to national security, while there are now prohibitions on the incitement of hatred against the government of China or Hong Kong.
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in 1993, there have been concerns over the forced departures, in rapid succession, of several staff and contributors who were considered critical of China or its supporters in Hong Kong. Before the handover, their popular cartoonist
685:. By law, censorship is usually practised against the distribution of certain materials, particularly child pornography, obscene images, sedition, separatism, state secrets, and reports on court cases which may lead to unfair trial.
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also came under his attack. He denied he was attacking free speech, but implied that there ought not to be such discussions on "crucial constitutional issues". Following Leung's attack, three large bookshop chains under pro-Beijing
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by the Hong Kong government. Mallet was subjected to a four-hour interrogation by immigration officers on his return from Thailand on Sunday 7 October before he was finally allowed to enter Hong Kong on a seven-day tourist visa.
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In June 2021, the Hong Kong Film Censorship Authority introduced a policy to stay "vigilant to the portrayal, depiction or treatment of any act or activity which may amount to an offence endangering national security".
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decrypting information), order the removal of such content, or restrict access to the platform. These laws are also asserted to be extraterritorial. After the law took effect, reports emerged that books containing
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In 2018, Children's books with LGBTQ themes have been moved to the "closed stacks" of Hong Kong's public libraries due to pressure from anti-gay-rights group. Books written by pro-democracy activists such as
1041:, "parties close to the government" applied pressure on committee members behind the scenes to block Chan's appointment, and the finger was said to be pointed directly at the office of the Chief Executive.
790:
described the protests as "the best-documented social movement in history, with even its quieter moments generating a maelstrom of status updates, shares and likes." People placed greater reliance on
1321:
wrote that "China’s imposition of a national security law aimed at quashing political protests in the territory has also sent a chill through Hong Kong’s once vibrant publishing and media industry."
901:
dedicated its entire front page on 24 March 2012 to attacking former underground communist Florence Leung, who authored a book in which she alleged CY Leung only became the Secretary General of the
951:, long despised by the pro-establishment camp for her vocal criticism of the government, was abruptly shunted to a less prominent evening show. She was replaced by station chief executive himself,
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that he "repeatedly came under pressure to tone down coverage of politically sensitive issues". Editor-in-Chief Wang Xiangwei was criticised for his decision to reduce the paper's coverage of the
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in 1997, Hong Kong boasted one of the highest degrees of press freedom in Asia. Since the handover to China, Hong Kong has been granted relative legal, economic, and political autonomy under the
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1934:
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At a ballet premiere in November 2014, local media reported that one scene that contained images from the Cultural Revolution was cut; the production company blamed it on a "technical error".
1053:, two presenters of Radio Television Hong Kong whom were prominent in Umbrella Revolution were dismissed. The broadcaster denied political motives. In 2020, RTHK suspended the satirical show
1165:
to Shenzhen. According to Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China, the latest disappearance is linked to the imminent publication of a book on the life of
1118:
serious detriment to the finances of Up Publications; many of the titles returned were not politically themed. The publisher was allegedly told by a bookshop source that its stance in the
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confirmed that they have suspended services relating to the nine books, saying the move was to "avoid breaking the law." This time book written by Chinese-American writer and activist
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policy. In contrast to the rest of China, where control over media is pervasive, Hong Kong's freedom of speech, of the press, and of publication are protected under Article 27 of the
781:. All told, the incidence of censorship, political pressure to self-censor and intimidation is increasing, according to PEN American Center, International Federation of Journalists.
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975:, is widely regarded as pro-establishment. As a result of Lau's dismissal, thousands of people attended a protest rally. Lau, known for his tough reporting on China, was
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the men were last seen in Shenzhen, one in Hong Kong, and one was last heard from in Thailand. The news shocked the local publishing industry, and vice-chairman of the
1821:
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During the two-and-a-half-month protests in 2014, the patchy coverage of events and viewpoints on traditional media turned young people to social media for news.
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were responsible. Although no reason was given for the returns, two of the delisted books about the occupation were strong sellers at independent bookshops.
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Tsang Chi-ho was fired from the RTHK Radio 2 talk show. A few days later, a veteran journalist Allan Au was sacked from hosting a phone-in radio programme
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Since the commencement of the Hong Kong national security law, the Hong Kong government has blocked access to at least one pro-democracy site.
1037:, a prominent member of the pro-democracy movement, for pro-vice-chancellor of the university. According to an article written by Kevin Lau in
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has drawn criticism on Internet forums for apparent pro-establishment bias. That year, its news department downgraded coverage of the
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was under attack by CY Leung, who used the occasion of his 2015 policy address to strongly criticise the students' union magazine
2585:
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689:
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1623:
Holbig, Heike. "Hong Kong press freedom in transition". In Ash, Robert; Ferdinand, Peter; Hook, Brian; Porter, Robin (eds.).
878:. The reporting, thought by many internet forum users as an act to gain the favour of the Central Government, was likened to
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has been vertiginous: it stood at 148th in 2022, having dropped 68 places from the year prior; it ranked 71st place in 2015.
295:
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In August, a controversy erupted in 2018 when the FCC hosted a lunchtime talk with convenor Andy Chan on 14 August. Veteran
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said that it was "hard not to associate the disappearance of the four people with Beijing's suppression of banned books".
165:
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on 26 February by an assailant riding pillion on a motorbike. While the police suspect the attack was carried out by the
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270:
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Stone, R. (1998). "Control without repression: China's influence on the political economy of Hong Kong press system".
216:
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971:, was abruptly replaced by Chong Tien Siong, an inexperienced Singapore-based Malaysian journalist who, according to
741:
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by journalists of writings critical of the Central Government, although a journalists indicated in a survey from the
329:
195:
3389:"Children's books with LGBTQ themes disappear from shelves at Hong Kong libraries amid pressure from anti-gay group"
2194:
1775:
4261:
4236:
4166:
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2169:[TVB News Goddess, Snowy Choi, suddenly rumoured to have left; netizens speculating 'forced resignation'].
1330:
681:, censorship, which refers to the suppression of speech or other public communication, raises issues regarding the
589:
460:
175:
19:
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987:(ICIJ) report on the offshore assets of China's leaders, including relatives of Communist Party general secretary
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in 1985 through having been an underground Communist Party member. Local press avidly reported on efforts of the
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1961:
1919:
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2730:"Hong Kong public broadcaster suspends satirical show hours after gov't demands apology for 'insulting' police"
1311:
1307:
1201:
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650:
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363:
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used the contents of a leaked University Grants Commission report in an attempt to derail the candidature of
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received a stern rebuff from Wang. Wang is mainland-born, and is a member of the Provincial Committee of the
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343:
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1981:
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MTR staff issued social media warning after CY Leung 'D689 ... South China Morning Post (subscription),
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triad, it is widely believed to have been reprisals for his paper's investigative contribution to the
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713:
521:
516:
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158:
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3345:"This Hong Kong journalist won awards for her investigation. Now she's been convicted for her work"
3006:
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1832:
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1379:
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701:
693:
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108:
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insisted the ban on Mallet was unrelated to press freedom, but declined to explain the decision.
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133:
3633:"New 'National Security' Law Threatens Hong Kong Pro-Democracy Protesters With Life In Prison"
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replaced outspoken critic of CY Leung who hosted an influential prime-time morning talk show.
4002:
3416:"Democracy books disappear from Hong Kong libraries, including title by activist Joshua Wong"
3170:
http://www.ejinsight.com/20160104-book-about-xi-love-life-seen-tied-vanishing-5th-bookseller/
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40:
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3582:"Hong Kong's National Security Law Allows Police To Censor The Internet, Compel Decryption"
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disappeared a few days after national security law had been imposed in 2020. In 2021, the
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self-declared editorial independence as a marketing tool towards international audiences.
8:
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was left at home led many fearing that he may have somehow been abducted by the mainland
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3442:"Hong Kong pulls more democracy books from library shelves citing security law concerns"
2042:
1539:"Latest World Press Freedom Index shows 'drastic decline'; Singapore ranked at No. 153"
408:
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277:
170:
143:
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critique of both Henry Tang and CY Leung during the Chief Executive elections for the
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1998:
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Despite guarantees of free speech, public surveys in 1997 showed increasing fears of
682:
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after government demanded apology for "insulting" police. In 2021, former host for
3816:
3738:"Hong Kong ISP blocks access to pro-democracy website under national security law"
4016:
2655:
2631:
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2340:
2070:
1965:
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materials were being pulled from libraries (even if they were written before the
999:. The journal came under pressure to downgrade the importance of a report on the
737:
3217:"Bookseller Gui Minhai surfaces in Chinese custody to deliver staged confession"
3981:
3273:"Ex-British foreign minister, US senator urge action on Hong Kong visa refusal"
2024:
1804:"Hong Kong's 'Alternative' Revolution: Facebook, House News, and Passion Times"
3020:"Fifth man working for publishers critical of Chinese government goes missing"
1637:
4230:
4151:
3778:
3559:
3525:
3498:
3327:"The 'death knell' of press freedom in Hong Kong has been a long time coming"
2392:
2375:. International Freedom of Expression Exchange, 22 March 2012. Archived from
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was searched by police. She was found guilty and given a HKD$ 6,000 penalty.
1034:
831:
794:, some of which were launched during the protests. Even the recently defunct
3308:"Ban on journalist risks undermining business confidence, UK minister warns"
3291:"Journalist Victor Mallet allowed back into Hong Kong – for seven days only"
2545:"Kevin Lau out of intensive care as police make breakthrough in attack case"
2396:
4205:
4189:
4030:
3988:
2782:"Hong Kong's RTHK fires veteran radio phone-in host as more shows are axed"
1087:
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3489:
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1627:. Studies in the Modern History of Asia. Routledge. pp. 197, 201–203.
748:
In 1998, there was a controversy about remarks made by magazine publisher
3183:"China frees Hong Kong bookseller Gui Minhai but his whereabouts unknown"
2408:
Ng Kang-chung (24 March 2012). "Article 'twisted by an invisible hand'".
2143:
1899:"China casts long shadow as Hong Kong paper stands accused of censorship"
1666:", Reporters Without Borders, 25 January 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
1419:
Lee Chin-Chuan (1997). "Media Structure and Regime Change in Hong Kong",
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980:
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2484:"Hong Kong news editor stabbed with cleaver over press freedom protests"
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Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China
914:
had received calls from CLO propaganda chief Hao Tiechuan (Chinese:
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In late 2013, as a prelude to the renewal of its broadcasting licence,
911:
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3851:
2756:"Hong Kong's RTHK fires popular pro-democracy radio host Tsang Chi-ho"
3686:"Hong Kong's publishers self-censor in wake of national security law"
1958:
1776:"Hong Kong protests bring crisis of confidence for traditional media"
1640:. New Tang Dynasty Television, 3 May 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
1264:
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Such items were hot sellers at the New Year's market a year earlier.
678:
1518:"A new play addresses the growing fear for journalists in Hong Kong"
1297:. Among its provisions, it was made illegal to incite hatred of the
924:(HKEJ). The Hong Kong Journalists Association, which noted that the
3742:
2373:"Mainland interference in political reporting alleged in Hong Kong"
1217:
1092:
967:
876:
20th anniversary of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
752:
alleging anti-mainland bias from the government-funded broadcaster
749:
4065:
Public Pledge on Self-Discipline for the Chinese Internet Industry
2969:"Search on for missing executives of HK publisher of banned books"
2501:"Editor's Removal Sparks Worries About Press Freedom in Hong Kong"
3198:"Chinese Police Seize Publisher From Train in Front of Diplomats"
2948:"Book publisher says it's being targeted by China-linked sellers"
2231:"TVB footage of 'police beating protester' wins journalism award"
2990:"Another Hong Kong worker at anti-Beijing bookshop 'disappears'"
2586:"Carrie Lam, John Tsang: Undergrad remarks CY Leung's own views"
2260:
Lee, Colleen (19 March 2012). "Ex-Communist raps Comrade C.Y.",
1207:
1999:"Apple Daily: The Hong Kong newspaper that pushed the boundary"
1680:"IFJ: Reporters intimidated, media manipulated during protests"
1260:
3041:"The 'unprecedented' case of the missing Hong Kong bookseller"
2913:"China Seizes Toilet Paper Bearing Face of Hong Kong's Leader"
2609:"Hong Kong book giant in censorship row after returning title"
1564:"HK press freedom seen eroding as Beijing makes presence felt"
1129:
3514:"China's Great Firewall descends on Hong Kong internet users"
2420:
Chow, Vivienne; Lau, Stuart; Chong, Tanna (16 November 2013)
1086:
To publicise its involvement in the 2015 Hong Kong marathon,
1075:
3767:"A Hong Kong Website Gets Blocked, Raising Censorship Fears"
3805:
The Journal of the European Association for Chinese Studies
3711:"Hong Kong internet firm blocked website over security law"
3548:"In Hong Kong, a Proxy Battle Over Internet Freedom Begins"
3367:"RTHK's Bao Choy found guilty over Yuen Long report – RTHK"
753:
2091:"TVB boss backs news chief's handling of police 'beating'"
3843:"Film censorship guidelines 'formalise red lines' - RTHK"
2712:"E.U. Calls For Probe Into Missing Hong Kong Booksellers"
2693:"Apple Daily: Leung tried to stop Chan's HKU appointment"
1097:
871:
2892:"China seizes toilet rolls depicting HK leader CY Leung"
965:
In January 2014, Kevin Lau, chief editor of the liberal
2213:"Former DAB official hired as TVB News managing editor"
1959:
Why I was kicked out of the "South China Morning Post"?
2472:
Hong Kong news editor Kevin Lau improving after attack
1533:
1531:
1241:
1112:
3830:
Hong Kong to censor films under national security law
3659:"Pro-democracy books pulled from Hong Kong libraries"
2058:
2056:
1723:"Press Freedom in Hong Kong Under Threat Report Says"
1721:
Buckley, Chris; Forsythe, Michael (16 January 2015).
1421:
The Challenge of Hong Kong's Reintegration with China
985:
International Consortium of Investigative Journalists
887:
CLO interference in the 2012 Chief Executive election
3607:"Life sentences for breaking Hong Kong security law"
3238:"Financial Times Editor Barred Entry Into Hong Kong"
3051:
2963:
2961:
2942:
2940:
2195:"TVB leans on staff who sign anti-violence petition"
2085:
2083:
1897:
Pomfret, James; Tang, Sisi. Reuters (20 June 2012).
1741:"Press freedom in HK under threat: US writers group"
1355:
1295:
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
1006:
2560:Benitez, Mary Ann; Lau, Kenneth (15 January 2015).
2493:
2254:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1528:
2422:"Station takes outspoken host off prime-time show"
2053:
1674:
1672:
1638:Hong Kong Media Practicing Self-Censorship: Survey
1278:
842:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
3143:
3091:
2958:
2937:
2907:
2905:
2685:
2509:
2477:
2205:
2080:
1625:Hong Kong in Transition: One country, two systems
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1271:written by Undergrad, the editorial board of the
1103:
4228:
3012:
2326:
1549:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
731:
3189:
2826:
2824:
2467:
2465:
1751:
1733:
1720:
1669:
723:enacted by the Chinese central government, the
639:Internet censorship and surveillance by country
3684:Liu, Nicole; Woodhouse, Alice (18 July 2020).
3302:
3300:
3267:
3265:
3232:
3230:
3035:
3033:
3000:
2984:
2982:
2902:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2062:Lau, Kenneth; Siu, Jasmine (16 October 2014).
1768:
1716:
1714:
1695:
1693:
1470:
1275:Students’ Union was also no longer available.
1122:and its publishing of books supportive of the
3867:
3765:Mozur, Paul; Krolik, Aaron (9 January 2021).
3471:"Hong Kong: How Beijing Perfected Repression"
3071:
2855:
2853:
2805:
2803:
2665:
2625:HKU law faculty falls short in research field
1499:
1208:Bao Choy Convicted for making false statement
1169:which includes details of his intimate life.
658:
3683:
3174:
3107:(in Chinese). 2 January 2016. Archived from
2821:
2709:
2462:
2287:
1180:
3764:
3342:
3318:
3297:
3262:
3248:
3227:
3030:
2979:
2931:"China cracks down on protest toilet paper"
2884:
2703:
2641:
2618:
2596:
1820:Vanessa Gould, Nelson Lee & Bryan Lee,
1796:
1711:
1690:
1130:Disappearances at Mighty Current publishing
1070:
1001:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
812:
4198:Silenced: China's Great Wall of Censorship
3874:
3860:
2850:
2800:
2533:"Outrage in Hong Kong after editor attack"
1982:Self-Censorship and the Press in Hong Kong
1423:. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 160–161.
903:Hong Kong Basic Law Consultative Committee
665:
651:
3488:
3324:
3180:
2435:
1618:
1616:
1595:Freedoms eroded to please Beijing: report
1436:. Government of Hong Kong. Archived from
1212:Prior to the one year anniversary of the
3907:Burning of books and burying of scholars
3214:
1920:"Journalistic ethics questioned at SCMP"
1883:"Cover Story: Hong Kong at a Crossroads"
1590:
1588:
1586:
1257:Leisure and Cultural Services Department
1074:
4214:Party media takes the party's last name
3881:
3579:
3195:
2649:"Leung denies torpedoing uni selection"
2115:(in Chinese). Sina Corp. Archived from
918:) dissatisfied at the reporting at his
4229:
3735:
3256:"Hong Kong rejects visa for FT editor"
2319:. am730. 23 March 2012. Archived from
2267:
1986:Perspectives on Business and Economics
1613:
1324:
1220:led the production of the documentary
690:transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong
3855:
3545:
3465:
3338:
3336:
2562:"'Fallacies' in HKU magazine blasted"
2359:. RTHK, 23 March 2012. Archived from
1759:Hong Kong media 'manipulated': report
1583:
3325:Griffiths, James (15 October 2018).
3181:Griffiths, James (25 October 2017).
3009:. Yahoo!News Taiwan 17 November 2015
2395:, RTHK, 21 March 2012 Archived from
1701:"Is Hong Kong's media under attack?"
1285:2020 Hong Kong national security law
1230:in July 2020 for public broadcaster
3832:– Jesse Peng, Reuters, 11 June 2021
3717:. Associated Press. 14 January 2021
3511:
3413:
1664:World Press Freedom Index 2011–2012
1489:"Closing a Vital Window into China"
1434:"Basic Law Full Text – chapter (3)"
1242:Pulling books from public libraries
1113:Up Publications returns controversy
938:
907:central government's Liaison Office
807:
800:resurrected itself, reformatted as
13:
3798:
3439:
3333:
3215:Phillips, Tom (10 February 2018).
3196:Buckley, Chris (22 January 2018).
2933:. Channel 4 News. 8 February 2015.
2357:"HKJA condemns press interference"
1622:
1338:
1301:and Hong Kong government, and the
14:
4273:
2647:Lau, Kenneth (13 February 2015).
2274:"料行會有黨組織滲入 林瑞麟屬一員 梁慕嫻：梁振英是地下共產黨 "
1935:"Here is the news – or maybe not"
1402:Separation of powers in Hong Kong
1312:current anti-extradition movement
1149:uncharacteristically speaking in
1136:Causeway Bay Books disappearances
1100:Service Update page on Facebook.
1007:Attack on University of Hong Kong
893:Chief Executive elections in 2012
742:Hong Kong Journalists Association
4252:Human rights abuses in Hong Kong
3835:
3823:
3799:Ng, Kenny K. K. (7 March 2021).
3792:
3758:
3729:
3703:
3677:
3651:
3625:
3599:
3573:
3539:
3505:
3459:
3433:
3407:
3381:
2334:"Vow to fight any poll pressure"
1386:
1372:
1358:
1331:Internet censorship in Hong Kong
1200:speech". Secretary for Security
1079:The offending Puma entry "D7689"
49:
20:Internet censorship in Hong Kong
4111:Television programme censorship
4072:Restrictions on geographic data
3736:Ossoff, Jon (14 January 2021).
3359:
3283:
3208:
3163:
3123:
2923:
2871:
2774:
2748:
2722:
2710:Nash Jenkins (8 January 2016).
2578:
2554:
2538:
2525:
2429:
2414:
2402:
2382:
2366:
2350:
2310:
2280:, 19 March 2012. Archived from
2241:
2223:
2187:
2159:
2131:
2105:
2035:
2017:
1991:
1974:
1951:
1928:
1912:
1891:
1875:
1857:
1838:
1814:
1656:
1643:
1631:
1291:Hong Kong national security law
1279:Hong Kong national security law
1224:, which aired in the programme
819:Since Robert Kuok acquired the
721:Hong Kong national security law
3941:Censorship of displaying blood
2817:(in Chinese). 26 January 2015.
2436:Ip, Kelly (13 February 2014).
2251:, print edition. 24 March 2012
2064:"Reporters voice anger at TVB"
1918:Staff reporter (19 June 2012)
1574:
1462:. hkhrm.org.hk. Archived from
1452:
1426:
1413:
1187:Victor Mallet visa controversy
1104:Democratic Party confiscations
915:
848:
769:
1:
3968:Censorship of Winnie-the-Pooh
3817:10.25365/JEACS.2020.1.161-188
3343:Eric Cheung (22 April 2021).
3159:(in Chinese). 3 January 2016.
3087:(in Chinese). 2 January 2016.
2499:Law, Fiona (9 January 2014).
2300:. Yahoo! News. Archived from
2147:(in Chinese). 1 November 2014
1881:Rushford, Greg (April 2002).
1407:
1263:and Chinese dissident writer
995:, and several members of the
732:Censorship after the handover
3580:Cushing, Tim (8 July 2020).
2607:Lam, Jeffie (8 March 2015).
2474:, BBC News, 28 February 2014
2332:Siu, Phila (23 March 2012).
774:CY Leung's dealings with UGL
634:Freedom of speech by country
7:
3546:Mozur, Paul (7 July 2020).
3131:李波再報平安 無出境紀錄 閉路電視見李獨自乘貨𨋢離去
3059:銅鑼灣書店第5人失蹤 股東內地電話報平安 稱自己能處理
2834:. Sina Corp. Archived from
2167:"「TVB新聞女神」驚傳要走人 網友揣測是「被辭職」"
1980:Shemwell, Carolyn (2002). "
1651:Asia Pacific Media Educator
1351:
958:
759:Hong Kong's ranking on the
10:
4278:
1460:"Hong Kong Bill of Rights"
1328:
1299:Chinese central government
1282:
1232:Radio Television Hong Kong
1184:
1133:
997:National People's Congress
945:Commercial Radio Hong Kong
921:Hong Kong Economic Journal
17:
4131:
4081:
4010:Internet real-name system
3957:
3930:
3896:
3889:
3801:"Screening without China"
3512:Kuo, Lily (8 July 2020).
3440:Ho, Kelly (10 May 2021).
3100:銅鑼灣書店股東柴灣中伏 妻報警指控公安：扮買書綁架
2786:Hong Kong Free Press HKFP
2760:Hong Kong Free Press HKFP
2734:Hong Kong Free Press HKFP
1822:SAR defends rights record
1580:Shemwell, Carolyn. pp.1–2
1181:Victor Mallet controversy
765:Reporters Without Borders
714:Reporters Without Borders
4024:List of blocked websites
3312:South China Morning Post
3277:South China Morning Post
3151:
3099:
3079:
3007:"銅鑼灣書店老闆員工「被失蹤」？香港警方已介入"
2879:South China Morning Post
2865:Hong Kong Economic Times
2861:"TOPick 編輯 – 全城尋找 D7689"
2673:
2654:13 February 2015 at the
2630:13 February 2015 at the
2613:South China Morning Post
2567:10 February 2015 at the
2549:South China Morning Post
2425:South China Morning Post
2410:South China Morning Post
2339:25 February 2015 at the
2262:South China Morning Post
2047:South China Morning Post
2029:South China Morning Post
1600:18 February 2008 at the
1380:Freedom of speech portal
1222:7.21 Who Owns the Truth?
1175:South China Morning Post
1071:Other political pressure
822:South China Morning Post
814:South China Morning Post
702:Hong Kong Bill of Rights
694:one country, two systems
4262:Censorship in Hong Kong
4237:Mass media in Hong Kong
4160:Censorship in Hong Kong
2535:. CNN, 26 February 2014
2505:The Wall Street Journal
2069:24 October 2014 at the
1940:1 February 2014 at the
1827:6 February 2015 at the
1757:AFP (27 January 2015).
1044:
1013:University of Hong Kong
802:The House News Bloggers
4046:Illegal flower tribute
3996:Green Dam Youth Escort
3914:List of censored books
3258:. BBC. 6 October 2018.
3152:【賣禁書被失蹤】習近平少年情史 其實早已曝光
1303:Commissioner of Police
1216:, television producer
1159:public security bureau
1080:
1027:Sino United Publishing
865:
763:published annually by
725:Commissioner of Police
712:published annually by
700:and Article 16 of the
4247:Censorship by country
4003:Golden Shield Project
3490:10.1353/jod.2022.0007
2811:"惹怒「689」？Puma向香港低頭道歉"
2674:傳政府阻港大陳文敏升職 羅范：點會重蹈覆轍
2317:"郝鐵川致電李澤楷 不滿《信報》選舉報道"
2139:"TVB新聞部秋後算賬 主任貶做資料搜集"
2113:"TVB何永康被調職 記協指涉嫌秋後算賬"
1269:Hong Kong Nationalism
1214:2019 Yuen Long attack
1078:
1022:Hong Kong Nationalism
42:Censorship by country
4183:Document Number Nine
3948:List of banned films
3921:Literary inquisition
3476:Journal of Democracy
3446:Hong Kong Free Press
3420:Hong Kong Free Press
3393:Hong Kong Free Press
2363:on 28 February 2012.
1440:on 28 September 2008
1273:Hong Kong University
1227:Hong Kong Connection
1153:. The fact that his
1029:delisted the title.
953:Stephen Chan Chi-wan
837:death of Li Wangyang
585:United Arab Emirates
4257:Censorship in China
3959:Internet censorship
3883:Censorship in China
3414:AFP (4 July 2020).
3065:, 31 December 2015
2975:. 16 November 2015.
2490:. 26 February 2014.
2488:The Daily Telegraph
2450:on 21 February 2014
2049:. 28 November 2012.
2025:"Yuen Long Station"
1964:3 June 2013 at the
1545:. 12 February 2015.
1522:The Washington Post
1325:Internet censorship
1293:was enacted by the
1065:Open Line Open View
932:Sing Pao Daily News
830:, humour columnist
779:Umbrella Revolution
761:Press Freedom Index
719:In 2020, under the
710:Press Freedom Index
698:Hong Kong Basic Law
234:Democratic Republic
4056:Wikimedia projects
3771:The New York Times
3746:. Associated Press
3552:The New York Times
3314:. 9 November 2018.
3279:. 9 November 2018.
3202:The New York Times
2898:. 7 February 2015.
2838:on 9 February 2015
2638:, 27 January 2015.
2551:, 28 February 2014
2531:Lu Stout, Kristie
2438:"Li axed amid row"
2304:on 22 March 2012.
2119:on 9 February 2015
2043:"Free TV Channels"
1851:, 1 February 2012
1835:, 28 February 2001
1810:. 22 October 2014.
1727:The New York Times
1495:. 4 February 2015.
1289:In June 2020, the
1155:home return permit
1081:
895:, the pro-Beijing
4224:
4223:
4127:
4126:
4090:Censorship abroad
3811:: 161–188 Pages.
3467:Davis, Michael C.
3293:. 8 October 2018.
3244:. 8 October 2018.
3137:, 2 January 2016
3111:on 4 January 2016
3047:. 4 January 2016.
3026:. 2 January 2016.
2881:, 29 January 2015
2503:China Realtime –
2323:on 24 March 2012.
2296:(22 March 2012).
2175:. 18 October 2014
2093:. 18 October 2014
1865:"新闻特写: 林和立将加盟CNN"
1784:. 29 October 2014
1653:. 4, pp. 160–161.
1543:The Straits Times
1124:Umbrella Movement
1049:Chan Ka-ming and
991:, former Premier
792:alternative media
683:freedom of speech
675:
674:
271:Dutch East Indies
4269:
4242:Law of Hong Kong
4217:
4208:
4201:
4192:
4185:
4176:
4174:Press Censorship
4169:
4162:
4155:
4146:
4120:
4113:
4106:
4099:
4097:Music censorship
4092:
4074:
4067:
4058:
4049:
4040:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3950:
3943:
3923:
3916:
3909:
3894:
3893:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3846:
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3827:
3821:
3820:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3698:
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3681:
3675:
3674:
3672:
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3655:
3649:
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3644:
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3623:
3622:
3620:
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3597:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3577:
3571:
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3543:
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3509:
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3502:
3492:
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3457:
3456:
3454:
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3431:
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3426:
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3405:
3404:
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3400:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3354:
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3259:
3252:
3246:
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3212:
3206:
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3178:
3172:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3080:傳銅鑼灣書店股東失蹤 警接手調查
3075:
3069:
3068:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3037:
3028:
3027:
3016:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2986:
2977:
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2955:
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2875:
2869:
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2843:
2828:
2819:
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2807:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2669:
2663:
2645:
2639:
2622:
2616:
2605:
2594:
2593:
2582:
2576:
2558:
2552:
2542:
2536:
2529:
2523:
2516:"Beat the press"
2513:
2507:
2497:
2491:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2446:. Archived from
2433:
2427:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2400:
2391:12 July 2012 at
2386:
2380:
2379:on 23 March 2012
2370:
2364:
2354:
2348:
2330:
2324:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2291:
2285:
2284:on 23 March 2012
2271:
2265:
2258:
2252:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2191:
2185:
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2163:
2157:
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2128:
2126:
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2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2087:
2078:
2060:
2051:
2050:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1995:
1989:
1988:. vol. 20. p.10.
1978:
1972:
1955:
1949:
1932:
1926:
1916:
1910:
1909:on 21 June 2012.
1895:
1889:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1842:
1836:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1772:
1766:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1718:
1709:
1708:
1707:. 11 March 2014.
1697:
1688:
1687:
1676:
1667:
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1654:
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1641:
1635:
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1430:
1424:
1417:
1396:
1391:
1390:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1368:
1366:Hong Kong portal
1363:
1362:
1361:
1151:Mandarin Chinese
977:brutally stabbed
939:Commercial Radio
917:
808:Notable examples
771:
667:
660:
653:
536:
468:
450:
427:
333:
315:
287:
274:
241:
238:Federal Republic
220:
162:
60:
53:
43:
33:
26:
25:
4277:
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4195:
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4181:
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4158:
4149:
4142:Southern Weekly
4138:
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4109:
4102:
4095:
4088:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4054:
4043:
4036:
4029:
4022:
4017:Jingwang Weishi
4015:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3966:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3932:Film censorship
3926:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3898:Book censorship
3885:
3880:
3850:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3828:
3824:
3797:
3793:
3783:
3781:
3763:
3759:
3749:
3747:
3734:
3730:
3720:
3718:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3694:
3692:
3690:Financial Times
3682:
3678:
3668:
3666:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3642:
3640:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3616:
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2996:. January 2016.
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2237:. 23 June 2015.
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1466:on 24 May 2012.
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1394:Politics portal
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3613:. 30 June 2020
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3483:(1): 100–115.
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3395:. 19 June 2018
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2832:"渣馬D7689號碼布風波"
2820:
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2788:. 29 June 2021
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2762:. 18 June 2021
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2298:"何俊仁：有報道觸怒中聯辦"
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2005:. 23 June 2021
1990:
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3665:. 5 July 2020
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2867:(in Chinese).
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2815:Liberty Times
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2736:. 19 May 2020
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850:Apple Daily
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522:South Sudan
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394:North Korea
379:New Zealand
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2952:EJ Insight
2842:9 February
2697:EJ Insight
2590:EJ Insight
2235:EJ Insight
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2199:EJ Insight
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1845:南早赤化 政協做老總
1788:29 October
1763:China Post
1745:EJ Insight
1684:EJ Insight
1568:EJ Insight
1408:References
1253:Tanya Chan
1167:Xi Jinping
1031:Wen Wei Po
993:Wen Jiabao
989:Xi Jinping
912:Richard Li
797:House News
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4038:Dragonfly
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3560:0362-4331
3526:0261-3077
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1265:Liao Yiwu
1061:Headliner
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384:Nicaragua
265:Indonesia
250:Guatemala
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3750:29 April
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3663:BBC News
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3469:(2022).
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3351:23 April
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