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Like all other languages of the region, the Pahari languages are also from the Indo-European, and in particular Indo-Iranian branch of languages. As mountains have the tendency of isolating communities from change, dialects in the mountains tend to have their own characteristics with some similarity to others mountain dialects while remaining isolated from one another – there does seem to be a
653:, gone, for in these languages it is a participial tense and does change according to the gender of the subject. Thus, in the singular we have: – Here we have a relic of the old Khasa language, which, as has been said, seems to have been related to Kashmiri. Other relics of Khasa, again agreeing with north-western India, are the tendency to shorten long vowels, the practice of
736:
The
Himalayas run along Nepal, India and Pakistan. The word 'Pahad' means a 'mountain' in most local languages such as Nepalese, Hindi (Parbat being a synonym) as well as Urdu (Koh being a synonym). Due to its mass prevalence and usage in the Himalayan Region, the language is also known as Himalayan.
684:
Materials regarding
Western Pahari are not so complete. The speakers are not brought into contact with Tibeto-Burman languages, and hence we find no trace of these. But the signs of the influence of north-western languages are, as might be expected, still more apparent than farther east. In some
697:
defining the various cases. Thus, while that of the genitive is generally the
Rajasthani ro, that of the dative continually points to the west. Sometimes it is the
345:
is spoken by an estimated 29,100,000 people in Nepal, 265,000 people in Bhutan, and 2,500,000 people in India. It is an official language in Nepal and India.
724:
one. In vocabulary, Western Pahari often employs, for the more common ideas, words which can most readily be connected with the north-western and
658:
971:
60:
107:
741:. All of these dialects are commonly referred to as the 'Pahari' languages, and most people from the Himalayan range are known as Paharis.
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649:, I go, does not change for gender. But in Pahari and Kashmiri it must be derived from the rare Sanskrit particle
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1370:
657:, or the modification of a vowel by the one which follows in the next syllable, and the frequent occurrence of
645:, as in both Rajasthani and Kashmiri. In Rajasthani its present tense, being derived from the Sanskrit present
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is spoken by an estimated 2,900,000 people in
Uttarakhand. Most of these are Garhwali people from the
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In
Eastern and Central Pahari the verb substantive is formed from the root
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842:. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press. p. 439.
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821:
Census of India, 1901: Punjab and North West
Frontier Province (2 v.)
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Dogri and Its
Dialects: A Comparative Study of Kandi and Pahari Dogri
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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824:. Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India.
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30:"Pahari languages" redirects here. Not to be confused with
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dialects epenthesis is in full swing, as in (Churahi)
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Nepali alphabets, transliteration and pronunciation
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
382:is spoken by an estimated 2,360,000 people in the
273:; Northern Aryan languages are in shades of purple
791:Kaur, Kamaldeep; Dwivedi, Amitabh Vikram (2018).
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351:is spoken by an estimated 40,000 people in the
693:. Very interesting is the mixed origin of the
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333:The Pahari languages fall into three groups.
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777:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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365:spoken by an estimated 1 million people in
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127:Learn how and when to remove this message
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317:(not to be confused with the various
65:adding citations to reliable sources
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818:Commissioner, India Census (1902).
712:. In all Indo-Aryan languages, the
24:
920:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
894:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
868:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
289:spoken in the lower ranges of the
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2675:(unknown further classification)
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76:"Northern Indo-Aryan languages"
52:needs additional citations for
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452:Kangric-Chamealic-Bhattiyali:
319:other languages with that name
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279:Northern Indo-Aryan languages
27:Group of Indo-Aryan languages
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171:Linguistic classification
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2553:Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit
840:The Indo-Aryan languages
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774:Encyclopædia Britannica
704:. At other times it is
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2431:Maharashtrian Konkani
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2719:Andaman Creole Hindi
2150:Bishnupriya Manipuri
1970:Caribbean Hindustani
981:Indo-Aryan languages
673:, to learn; Kumauni
287:Indo-Aryan languages
267:Indo-Aryan languages
61:improve this article
2766:Nuristani languages
2498:Mitanni superstrate
1107:Wotapuri-Katarqalai
922:. SIL International
896:. SIL International
870:. SIL International
537:Khas-kura (Nepali)
530:
528:Language Comparison
417:Nuclear Himachali:
191:Northern Indo-Aryan
144:Northern Indo-Aryan
2798:Languages of Nepal
2793:Languages of India
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2533:Early Ardhamagadhi
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1771:list of languages
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739:dialect continuum
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405:Main article:
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760:public domain
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78: –
77:
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72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2724:Bombay Hindi
2666:Unclassified
2563:Ardhamagadhi
2390:Berar Deccan
2244:Chittagonian
2237:Chittagonian
1730:Vaagri Booli
1695:Pauri Bareli
1690:Palya Bareli
1655:Dhodia–Kukna
1345:Northwestern
1187:
1035:Kundal Shahi
924:. Retrieved
919:
910:
898:. Retrieved
893:
884:
872:. Retrieved
867:
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686:
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678:
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670:
669:, but Hindi
666:
662:
654:
650:
646:
642:
640:
527:
431:Kullu Pahari
332:
282:
278:
276:
224:Subdivisions
190:
181:Indo-Iranian
156:distribution
138:
123:
117:October 2011
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
2712:and creoles
2694:Lahul Lohar
2573:Maharashtri
2170:Mal Paharia
2160:Kharia Thar
1802:Braj Bhasha
926:23 December
900:23 December
874:23 December
455:Chamealic:
307:Uttarakhand
204:Early forms
2787:Categories
2615:Apabhraṃśa
2601:Apabhraṃśa
2578:Shauraseni
2294:Bodo Parja
2279:Sambalpuri
2211:Goalpariya
2185:Tanchangya
2175:Noakhailla
2100:Bote-Darai
1911:Fiji Hindi
1880:Sadhukkadi
1851:Judeo-Urdu
1817:Hindustani
1607:Shekhawati
1549:Rajasthani
1534:Saurashtra
1262:Bhadarwahi
1092:Gawar-Bati
745:References
665:, Kumauni
655:epenthesis
514:Comparison
469:Bhattiyali
459:Bhadarwahi
301:states of
271:South Asia
186:Indo-Aryan
154:Geographic
87:newspapers
2701:Sheikhgal
2645:languages
2610:Abahattha
2590:Paishachi
2491:Classical
2456:Maldivian
2228:Surjapuri
2194:Kamarupic
2096:Kuswaric
1958:Bhojpuric
1746:Khandeshi
1282:Chambeali
1277:Bilaspuri
1174:Mankiyali
1102:Shumashti
1097:Nangalami
1009:Kishtwari
916:"Kumaoni"
677:, plural
651:*rcchitas
543:Kashmiri
479:Chambeali
474:Bilaspuri
291:Himalayas
247:Glottolog
2757:See also
2739:Nefamese
2734:Nagamese
2625:Kamarupi
2585:Gāndhārī
2542:Middle (
2481:Sanskrit
2419:Konkanic
2368:Marathic
2358:Marathi–
2350:Southern
2254:Rohingya
2223:Rangpuri
2201:Assamese
2165:Kurmukar
2143:dialects
2123:Kamarupa
2007:Maithili
2000:Maithili
1965:Bhojpuri
1870:Kannauji
1832:Hinglish
1812:Haryanvi
1577:Dhundari
1527:Wadiyara
1509:Jandavra
1497:Gujarati
1484:Gujarati
1406:Khetrani
1371:dialects
1327:Sirmauri
1307:Jaunsari
1297:Mandeali
1292:Pangwali
1272:Bhateali
1229:Garhwali
1188:Northern
1154:Chilisso
1030:Brokskat
1004:Kashmiri
997:Kashmiri
864:"Nepali"
838:(1991).
728:groups.
722:genitive
720:of some
718:locative
594:You are
540:Kumauni
489:Pangwali
448:Mandeali
441:Sirmauri
413:Jaunsari
390:Garhwali
355:zone of
253:indo1310
2710:Pidgins
2689:Chinali
2679:Bazigar
2673:Badeshi
2568:Magadhi
2544:Prakrit
2461:Sinhala
2449:Insular
2426:Konkani
2405:Katkari
2400:Phudagi
2380:Varhadi
2375:Marathi
2360:Konkani
2332:Bhunjia
2206:Kamrupi
2180:Sylheti
2138:Bengali
2131:Bengali
2092:Kumhali
2059:Kochila
2047:Tharuic
2038:Kurmali
2026:Sadanic
2017:Bajjika
1991:Khortha
1941:Eastern
1901:Bagheli
1889:Eastern
1846:Deccani
1822:Kauravi
1807:Bundeli
1795:Western
1787:Central
1756:Dawoodi
1751:Lambadi
1675:Bhilori
1645:Bhilali
1592:Marwari
1582:Harauti
1522:Parkari
1476:Western
1443:Kholosi
1438:Jadgali
1416:Saraiki
1366:Punjabi
1359:Eastern
1352:Punjabi
1322:Hinduri
1267:Churahi
1244:Western
1234:Kumaoni
1222:Central
1196:Eastern
1123:Kalasha
1116:Chitral
1071:Pashayi
1064:Pashayi
1040:Kalkoti
890:"Jumli"
762::
647:rcchami
548:
534:
464:Churahi
421:Hinduri
380:Kumaoni
353:Karnali
293:, from
238:Eastern
234:Western
230:Central
210:Prakrit
101:scholar
2643:Proto-
2599:Late (
2508:Middle
2410:Kadodi
2337:Nahari
2314:Halbic
2289:Bhatri
2249:Chakma
2155:Hajong
2121:Gauda–
2105:Danwar
2085:Others
2076:Musasa
2012:Angika
1986:Magahi
1979:Magahi
1950:Bihari
1920:Others
1896:Awadhi
1861:Rekhta
1836:Urdish
1766:Romani
1761:Domari
1739:Others
1720:Vasavi
1705:Pardhi
1685:Magari
1680:Mawchi
1670:Bauria
1660:Dhanki
1650:Chodri
1622:Nimadi
1612:Dhatki
1602:Mewari
1597:Mewati
1572:Gujari
1567:Loarki
1562:Goaria
1539:Vaghri
1463:Sindhi
1458:Memoni
1453:Luwati
1448:Kutchi
1430:Sindhi
1396:Hindko
1388:Lahnda
1332:Sarazi
1312:Kullui
1257:Kangri
1213:Nepali
1203:Doteli
1169:Tirahi
1164:Kalami
1149:Bateri
1128:Khowar
1087:Dameli
1050:Palula
1045:Ushoji
989:Dardic
846:
801:
769:Pahari
756:
726:Pisaca
714:dative
699:Sindhi
691:khaiti
671:sikhna
617:He is
612:chekh
609:chukh
600:chhes
597:chhas
504:Kangri
363:Doteli
343:Nepali
315:Punjab
299:Indian
265:Major
149:Pahari
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
2744:Vedda
2516:Early
2486:Vedic
2395:Varli
2327:Kamar
2322:Halbi
2304:Kupia
2284:Desia
2071:Majhi
2064:Buksa
2054:Tharu
2033:Sadri
1927:Parya
1875:Sansi
1827:Hindi
1725:Wagdi
1715:Kalto
1710:Gamit
1665:Dubli
1640:Bhili
1587:Malvi
1557:Bagri
1517:Kachi
1513:Koli
1378:Sansi
1287:Gaddi
1252:Dogri
1208:Jumli
1159:Gowro
1080:Kunar
1025:Shina
1018:Shina
732:About
687:khata
667:sikno
663:siknu
635:cheh
632:chuh
623:chhe
620:chha
603:chai
589:ches
586:chus
580:chik
577:chhu
574:chhu
571:I am
563:Masc
557:Masc
551:Masc
499:Dogri
484:Gaddi
357:Nepal
349:Jumli
295:Nepal
164:India
160:Nepal
108:JSTOR
94:books
2528:Pāli
2385:Andh
2299:Reli
2274:Odia
2267:Odia
1841:Urdu
1632:Bhil
1401:Inku
1055:Sawi
928:2012
902:2012
876:2012
844:ISBN
799:ISBN
679:yasa
675:yeso
629:chi
606:chi
583:chu
566:Fem
560:Fem
554:Fem
313:and
277:The
80:news
2620:Elu
2474:Old
1492:Aer
771:".
702:khë
643:ach
626:ch
269:of
63:by
2789::
1617:Od
918:.
892:.
866:.
710:jo
706:jo
325:.
309:,
305:,
2603:)
2546:)
1834:/
973:e
966:t
959:v
930:.
904:.
878:.
852:.
807:.
369:.
359:.
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
