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had trouble finding funding, and construction has not began as of 2019. The scientific collaboration has decided to build a pathfinder facility, CCAT-prime (CCAT-p), before pursuing the full CCAT. CCAT-p will be a similar type of telescope at CCAT, but much smaller, with 6 metre diameter. CCAT-p started construction in 2017 (fabrication started in late 2018) and first light is expected 2021.
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radio telescope which will be located on Cerro
Chajnantor near the TAO. Originally called the Cornell Caltech Atacama Telescope earlier in the development process, it is now referred to on the project's website by the CCAT acronym. Completion was at one time expected in 2020. The CCAT project has
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but have not erupted in historic times. Cerro
Chajnantor is to the north, Cerro El Chascón to the east, and smaller peaks to the south and west. The Pampa la Bola lies to the northeast, north of Cerro El Chascón and east of Cerro Chajnantor. Llano de Chajnantor has an average elevation of
1437:
Fowler, J. W.; Doriese, W. B.; Marriage, T. A.; Tran, H. T.; Aboobaker, A. M.; Dumont, C.; Halpern, M.; Kermish, Z. D.; Loh, Y.-S.; Page, L. A.; Staggs, S. T.; Wesley, D. H. (2005). "Cosmic
Microwave Background Observations with a Compact Heterogeneous 150 GHz Interferometer in Chile".
559:(TAO) is a 6.5 m (21 ft) optical and infrared telescope under construction (as of 2019) on Cerro Chajnantor, which is immediately north of Llano de Chajnantor. A test facility, the miniTAO, with a 1.0 m (3.3 ft) telescope was completed in 2009. It is currently the
1322:
Bischoff, C.; Brizius, A.; Buder, I.; Chinone, Y.; Cleary, K.; Dumoulin, R. N.; Kusaka, A.; Monsalve, R.; et al. (2011). "FIRST SEASON QUIET OBSERVATIONS: MEASUREMENTS OF COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND POLARIZATION POWER SPECTRA AT 43 GHz IN THE MULTIPOLE RANGE 25 ⩽ $ \ell$ ⩽ 475".
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Minezaki, Takeo; Kato, Daisuke; Sako, Shigeyuki; Konishi, Masahiro; Koshida, Shintaro; Mitani, Natsuko; Aoki, Tsutomu; Doi, Mamoru; Handa, Toshihiro (2010). "The
University of Tokyo Atacama 1.0-m Telescope". In Stepp, Larry M; Gilmozzi, Roberto; Hall, Helen J (eds.).
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at Llano de
Chajnantor, consisting of 54 big 12 m (39 ft) and 12 smaller 7 m (23 ft) parabolic antennas. Due to the high projected total cost of over $ 1.3 billion, ALMA has been developed and is run by a consortium led by the
1111:
Fowler, J. W.; Niemack, M. D.; Dicker, S. R.; Aboobaker, A. M.; Ade, P. A. R.; Battistelli, E. S.; Devlin, M. J.; Fisher, R. P.; et al. (2007). "Optical design of the
Atacama Cosmology Telescope and the Millimeter Bolometric Array Camera".
654:
The
Millimeter-wave Interferometer (MINT) was a heterogenous four-element array that operated on the slopes of Cerro Toco in late 2001. The prototype instrument contained two 0.3 m (12 in) and two 0.45 m (18 in)
1491:
Miller, A.; Beach, J.; Bradley, S.; Caldwell, R.; Chapman, H.; Devlin, M. J.; Dorwart, W. B.; Herbig, T.; et al. (2002). "The QMAP and MAT/TOCO Experiments for
Measuring Anisotropy in the Cosmic Microwave Background".
651:. It operated with thirteen 0.9 m (3.0 ft) antennas between 1999 and 2006, and from 2006 until 2008 with 1.4 m (4.6 ft) antennas. The CBI facility was later reused by the QUIET experiment.
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5,000 m (16,000 ft), while Pampa la Bola averages 4,800 m (15,700 ft). The thin atmosphere makes work difficult for humans, so much of the activity for ALMA will be conducted at a
1246:
Keating, B.; Moyerman, S.; Boettger, D.; Edwards, J.; Fuller, G.; Matsuda, F.; Miller, N.; Paar, H.; Rebeiz, G.; et al. (2011). "Ultra High Energy
Cosmology with POLARBEAR".
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Taylor, Angela C.; Jones, Michael E.; Allison, James R.; Angelakis, Emmanouil; Bond, J. Richard; Bronfman, Leonardo; Bustos, Ricardo; Davis, Richard J.; et al. (2011).
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Bustos, R.; Rubio, M.; Otárola, A.; Nagar, N. (2014). "Parque Astronómico de
Atacama: An Ideal Site for Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Mid-Infrared Astronomy".
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Kawamura, A.; Mizuno, N.; Yonekura, Y.; Onishi, T.; Mizuno, A.; Fukui, Y. (2005). "NANTEN2: A Submillimeter Telescope for Large Scale Surveys at Atacama".
893:
Garreaud, René D.; Molina, Alejandra; Farias, Marcelo (2010). "Andean uplift, ocean cooling and Atacama hyperaridity: A climate modeling perspective".
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Rainfall at the ALMA site averages 100 mm (3.9 in) annually. The dry climate of Llano de Chajnantor is due to three factors: the
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493:. It was first built in Japan in 2000, and then was reassembled in Chile in 2002. It began regular observations in 2004.
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275:(ALMA). Llano de Chajnantor and the surrounding area has been designated as the Chajnantor Science Reserve (Spanish:
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500:(NANTEN2) is 4.0 m (13.1 ft) millimeter-wavelength radio telescope operated by a consortium led by the
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Submillimeter Astrophysics and Technology: A Symposium Honoring Thomas G. Phillips ASP Conference Series
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balloon-borne experiment. It operated on the slopes of Cerro Toco in late 1997 and again in late 1998.
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647:(CBI) was a radio telescope interferometer designed to measure the intensity and polarization of the
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radio telescope installed in 2003 and inaugurated in 2005. Its design is based on the North American
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submillimetre radiation. Llano de Chajnantor is home to the largest and most expensive astronomical
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993:"The Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) – a new submillimeter facility for southern skies –"
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666:(MAT, or MAT/TOCO) was a 0.8 m (2.6 ft) telescope that was designed to measure the
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prototype antenna modified for single dish use. It is operated by a consortium led by the
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in the Salar de Atacama basin at approximately 2,900 m (9,500 ft) in elevation.
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cooled to less than 1 K (−458 °F). HTT was first installed for testing at the
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of the area is inhospitable to humans, but creates an excellent location for millimeter,
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Wootten, A.; Thompson, A.R. (2009). "The Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array".
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420:(APEX), a new-technology 12-m telescope in operation since 2005 on Llano de Chajnantor
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site in 2010. It was moved to a location on Cerro Toco near the ACT in 2011 and saw
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624:(QUIET) telescope was a three-element radio telescope array designed to measure the
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Güsten, R.; Nyman, L. Å.; Schilke, P.; Menten, K.; Cesarsky, C.; Booth, R. (2006).
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Radford, S. J. E.; Giovanelli, R.; Sebring, T. A.; Zmuidzinas, J. (2009). "Ccat".
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basin borders the Puna de Atacama to the west, which in turn is bordered by the
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Under the Moon. Starry night on the Chajnantor Plateau in the Chilean Andes
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315:. The Llano de Chajnantor site itself is bounded by volcanic peaks of the
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659:. It was designed to measure the cosmic microwave background radiation.
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Description of a trip to Llano de Chajnantor Observatory on BBC News
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Kohno, K. (2005). "The Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment".
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located at an altitude of over 4,800 m (15,700 ft) in the
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870:. Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. Archived from
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in January 2012. It was developed by a consortium led by the
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The Llano de Chajnantor is located on the western side of the
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approximately 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of the town of
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is over 200 kilometres (120 mi) to the east, well into
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off the coast of Chile, and dry air descending between the
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1303:. University of California Berkeley Department of Physics
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1178:. Proceedings of SPIE. Vol. 7733. p. 773356.
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Astrochemistry: Recent Successes and Current Challenges
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Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
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367:. While the site is generally viewed as being in the
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291:, which is another name for the southern part of the
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1235:(Press release). Simons Foundation. 9 January 2014.
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1383:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
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812:"Topographical Map of CONICYT Science Preserve"
548:in 2007 and is operated by a consortium led by
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2218:Buildings and structures in Antofagasta Region
1884:Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility
1233:"New Telescopes Search for Origin of Universe"
471:
259:, and mid-infrared astronomy. This is because
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1561:Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array
335:360-degree panorama of the Chajnantor plateau
570:(CCAT) is a proposed 25 m (82 ft)
1494:The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
1440:The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
544:. It was installed on the western side of
190:Location of Llano de Chajnantor Observatory
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694:List of highest astronomical observatories
561:highest permanent astronomical observatory
491:National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
479:Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment
387:in southern Africa and central Australia.
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132:Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment
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1176:Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes III
1034:The Cool Universe: Observing Cosmic Dawn
674:. It originally was the gondola of the
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465:Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
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731:Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
557:University of Tokyo Atacama Observatory
152:University of Tokyo Atacama Observatory
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817:. National Radio Astronomy Observatory
379:. Llano de Chajnantor is at the same
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672:cosmic microwave background radiation
649:cosmic microwave background radiation
630:cosmic microwave background radiation
584:cosmic microwave background radiation
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590:. Attached to the telescope is the
442:National Radio Astronomy Observatory
2208:Astronomical observatories in Chile
1608:Astronomical observatories in Chile
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895:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
868:"The best observing sites on Earth"
586:. It is a 3.5 m (11 ft)
533:(ACT) is 6.0 m (19.7 ft)
508:, where it had operated since 1995.
481:(ASTE) is a 10 m (33 ft)
455:(APEX) is a 12 m (39 ft)
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24:
689:List of astronomical observatories
608:University of California, Berkeley
568:Cerro Chajnantor Atacama Telescope
25:
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1785:National Astronomical Observatory
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594:experiment, which is an array of
396:Telescopes on Llano de Chajnantor
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1415:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19661.x
1378:"The Cosmic Background Imager 2"
319:, which have been active in the
277:Reserva Científica de Chajnantor
201:
180:
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1874:Llano de Chajnantor Observatory
1572:Additional pictures of the site
1555:Llano de Chajnantor Observatory
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226:Llano de Chajnantor Observatory
33:Llano de Chajnantor Observatory
698:Other observatories in Chile:
537:designed to survey the sky at
427:Atacama Large Millimeter Array
406:Atacama Large Millimeter Array
279:) by the government of Chile.
273:Atacama Large Millimeter Array
122:Atacama Large Millimeter Array
100:4,800 m (15,700 ft)
13:
1:
2223:European Southern Observatory
1855:European Southern Observatory
744:
504:. In 2004 it was moved from
453:Atacama Pathfinder Experiment
446:European Southern Observatory
418:Atacama Pathfinder Experiment
390:
343:created by the Andes and the
127:Atacama Pathfinder Experiment
2228:1999 establishments in Chile
2058:Astronomy & Astrophysics
1777:Santiago Metropolitan Region
513:Telescopes on adjacent peaks
7:
1355:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/111
714:Cerro Armazones Observatory
682:
664:Mobile Anisotropy Telescope
531:Atacama Cosmology Telescope
472:Telescopes on Pampa la Bola
228:is the name for a group of
117:Atacama Cosmology Telescope
10:
2244:
1018:10.1051/0004-6361:20065420
997:Astronomy and Astrophysics
970:10.1109/JPROC.2009.2020572
915:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.01.017
636:. The project, led by the
271:project in the world, the
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719:Extremely Large Telescope
485:radio telescope built by
295:. The main ridge of the
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1722:Giant Magellan Telescope
842:Global Volcanism Program
645:Cosmic Background Imager
506:Las Campanas Observatory
207:Related media on Commons
1301:"First Light in Chile!"
1091:ESO Picture of the Week
1009:2006A&A...454L..13G
940:Proceedings of the IEEE
907:2010E&PSL.292...39G
847:Smithsonian Institution
377:Central Andean dry puna
1281:Cite journal requires
525:
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243:. The site is in the
1087:"APEX Under the Moon"
740:, a compound volcano
657:Cassegrain reflectors
638:University of Chicago
622:QU Imaging Experiment
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345:Chilean Coastal Range
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251:. The exceptionally
1923:(under construction)
1869:La Silla Observatory
1563:public site homepage
1557:at Wikimedia Commons
1144:10.1364/AO.46.003444
726:La Silla Observatory
707:Very Large Telescope
550:Princeton University
313:Andean Volcanic Belt
249:San Pedro de Atacama
1879:Paranal Observatory
1717:Magellan Telescopes
1644:Llano de Chajnantor
1516:2002ApJS..140..115M
1462:2005ApJS..156....1F
1406:2011MNRAS.418.2720T
1347:2011ApJ...741..111Q
1266:2011arXiv1110.2101K
1219:2009ASPC..417..113R
1136:2007ApOpt..46.3444F
1073:2005IAUS..231P.275K
1046:2005ASPC..344..242K
962:2009IEEEP..97.1463W
782:2014PASP..126.1126B
702:Paranal Observatory
588:Gregorian telescope
580:Huan Tran Telescope
535:Gregorian telescope
498:NANTEN2 Observatory
487:Mitsubishi Electric
137:NANTEN2 Observatory
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245:Antofagasta Region
81:23.0228°S 67.755°W
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626:polarization
341:rain shadows
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263:absorbs and
261:water vapour
253:arid climate
239:of northern
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2168:Spaceflight
1989:instruments
1963:(cancelled)
1446:(1): 1–11.
1390:(4): 2720.
1096:12 February
946:(8): 1463.
604:first light
542:wavelengths
361:Ferrel cell
357:Hadley cell
84: /
59:Coordinates
29:Observatory
2202:Categories
2050:Miscellany
1937:(national)
1902:Telescopes
1862:Facilities
1331:(2): 111.
1003:(2): L13.
878:26 January
852:26 January
821:26 January
745:References
668:anisotropy
634:bolometers
596:bolometers
546:Cerro Toco
391:Telescopes
373:ecoregions
265:attenuates
110:Telescopes
72:67°45′18″W
69:23°01′22″S
18:Chajnantor
2064:ESO Hotel
1987:Telescope
1945:(project)
1397:1108.3950
1338:1012.3191
1257:1110.2101
1192:173187679
953:0904.3739
798:118539242
773:1410.2451
592:POLARBEAR
539:microwave
349:inversion
326:base camp
301:Argentina
293:Altiplano
269:telescope
142:POLARBEAR
2088:Category
2006:ESPRESSO
1929:ESO 3.6m
1813:Category
1767:La Silla
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1478:10422803
1363:15944758
1250:: 2101.
1160:10833374
1152:17514303
1067:: 275P.
683:See also
444:and the
381:latitude
359:and the
321:Holocene
97:Altitude
47:Location
2192:Science
2130:Portals
2116:Commons
2031:PIONIER
2001:CORALIE
1955:MPG/ESO
1679:Paranal
1668:NANTEN2
1512:Bibcode
1458:Bibcode
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1343:Bibcode
1307:5 March
1262:Bibcode
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1213:: 113.
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1040:: 242.
1005:Bibcode
978:7772135
958:Bibcode
903:Bibcode
778:Bibcode
670:of the
628:of the
385:deserts
303:. The
53:, Chile
2036:SPHERE
1996:ADONIS
1746:Gemini
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2156:Stars
2144:Chile
2104:Space
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2016:HARPS
2011:GROND
1968:VISTA
1934:EULER
1673:QUIET
1639:CLASS
1528:S2CID
1502:arXiv
1474:S2CID
1448:arXiv
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948:arXiv
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768:arXiv
600:CARMA
297:Andes
241:Chile
214:[
147:QUIET
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2021:KMOS
1942:NGTS
1914:APEX
1909:ALMA
1756:SOAR
1694:SWGO
1658:ASTE
1653:ALMA
1648:APEX
1309:2012
1287:help
1248:1110
1148:PMID
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880:2012
854:2012
823:2012
676:QMAP
662:The
643:The
620:The
578:The
566:The
555:The
529:The
522:APEX
496:The
477:The
461:ALMA
451:The
425:The
416:The
404:The
1978:VST
1973:VLT
1960:OWL
1950:NTT
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1689:TAO
1683:VLT
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